Notes

1. Demythologizing Demonologies

1. Bizarre Foods, season 2, episode 2, “Washington DC,” directed by Andrew Zimmern, aired 2013 on Travel Channel.

2. River Monsters, season 6, episode 1, “Amazon Apocalypse,” directed by Dominic Weston, aired April 6, 2014, on Animal Planet.

3. “Candiru Fish,” Rainforest Expedition, accessed June 23, 2018, http://www.perunature.com/wp/candiru-fish-html.

4. Frankenfish, directed by Mark A. Z. Dippé (Columbia Tristar, 2004).

5. Michael Le Page, “Attack of the Killer Fish?” New Scientist, February 19, 2008, https://www.newscientist.com/blog/shortsharpscience/2008/02/attack-of-killer-fish.html.

6. John Odenkirk, “Northern Snakehead Fish, Invasive Species, May Not Be as Bad as Originally Thought,” Huffington Post, May 30, 2013, https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/30/northern-snakehead-fish-invasive-species_n_3358192.html.

7. Le Page, “Attack of the Killer Fish?”

8. Theodore Roosevelt, Through the Brazilian Wilderness (Skyhorse Publishing, 2014), 41.

9. Roosevelt, Through the Brazilian Wilderness, 52, 53, 133.

10. Brian Clark Howard, “13 Scariest Freshwater Animals,” National Geographic, accessed May 27, 2015, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/photos/scariest-freshwater-animals.

11. “Piranha ‘Less Deadly than Feared,’” BBC News, July 2, 2007, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6259946.stm.

12. Piranha, directed by Joe Dante (New World Pictures, 1978) and Piranha 3DD, directed by John Gulager (Dimension Films, 2012).

13. Eric J. Lyman, “Piranha Meat: It Can Take a Bite Out of What Ails You,” Houston Chronicle, July 17, 1998, http://www.ericjlyman.com/piranha.html.

14. Roosevelt, Through the Brazilian Wilderness, 43.

2. Welsing for Colossals

1. Cass Anderson, “Italian Bro Wearing NASCAR Gear Catches Catfish Big Enough to Swallow Ricky Bobby,” BroBible, 2015, https://brobible.com/sports/article/wels-catfish-world-record-italy-po-delta.

2. Ellen Arnold, “A Big Fish Story,” Ellen Arnold Photography, January 29, 2013, http://www.efarnold.com/adventureshoes/2013/01/29/a-big-fish-story.

3. “Loch Ness Monster Most Likely Large Catfish, Longtime Watcher Claims,” Fox News Science, July 27, 2015, http://www.foxnews.com/science/2015/07/17/loch-ness-monster-most-likely-large-catfish-longtime-watcher-claims.html.

4. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Fishes, Whales & Dolphins (Alfred A. Knopf, 1995), 365.

5. Mark Spitzer, “Spitzer vs. Wels Catfish,” August 10, 2015, video, 2:00, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-XuEXpCD9_w.

6. Hunter S. Thompson, quoted in Douglas Brinkley, “Football Season Is Over: Hunter S. Thompson, 1937–2005,” Rolling Stone Magazine, September 22, 2005, https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/features/football-season-is-over-20050922.

7. Fishery Service, Directorate General of Forest Ecosystems and Environmental Management Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Food, email message to author via Google Translate, July 26, 2017.

8. Gobierno de Aragon, Departamento de Agricultura, Ganadería y Medio Ambiente, Aragon General Fisheries Plan for 2012, 2012, http://www.aragon.es/estaticos/GobiernoAragon/Departamentos/AgriculturaGanaderiaMedioAmbiente/MedioAmbiente/Areas/09_Pesca/fishGeneral_ENglish.pdf.

9. Nick Lloyd, “Invasive Fish Species in Spain,” Iberia Nature, accessed February 8, 2018, http://www.iberianature.com/material/spaininvasivefish.htm.

3. Cuda Chaos

1. “Report on Happiness and Satisfaction with Life,” Dominican Republic Live, July 2009, http://www.dominican-republic-live.com/dominican-republic/news/year-2009/july-2009.html.

2. “Barracudas,” Seaworld Parks & Entertainment, accessed March 14, 2016, https://seaworld.org/Animal-Info/Animal-Bytes/Bony-Fish/Barracudas.

3. Cathleen Bester, “Great Barracuda,” Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, accessed March 14, 2016, https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/fish/discover/species-profiles/sphyraena-barracuda.

4. “Barracuda,” Frost Museum of Science, accessed March 14, 2016, http://www.frostscience.org/oceans/coralreef/predators/3barrcuda.html.

5. “Great Barracudas,” MarineBio, accessed March 14, 2016, http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=108.

6. “Debunking the Myths Behind Barracuda,” Aqua Views Online Scuba Magazine, July 9, 2010, https://www.leisurepro.com/blog/scuba-guides/debunking-myths-barracuda/.

7. Cathleen Bester, “Great Barracuda.”

8. bpollackov, “40 LB BARACUDA JUMPS INTO FISHING BOAT!!!” May 6, 2012, video, 0:59, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bTw9QapciPg.

9.Sphyraena barracuda,” IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, accessed March 14, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T190399A15603115.en.

10. Mario Vargas Llosa, Feast of the Goat (Picador, 2000), 10.

4. Sportfishing Gar

1. River Monsters, season 5, episode 5, “Vampires of the Deep,” directed by Dominic Weston, aired 2014 on Animal Planet.

2. Mark Spitzer, Season of the Gar (University of Arkansas Press, 2010).

3. Mark Spitzer, Return of the Gar (University of North Texas Press, 2015).

4. Henry David Thoreau, “27 March (1848): Henry David Thoreau to Harrison Blake,” American Reader, accessed February 27, 2018, http://theamericanreader.com/27-march-1848-henry-david-thoreau-to-harrison-blake.

5. Monster-Fishing Shark

1. E. Griffin, K. L. Miller, B. Freitas, and M. Hirshfield, Predators as Prey: Why Healthy Oceans Need Sharks (Oceana, 2008), 3.

2. “A Quarter of Sharks and Rays Threatened with Extinction,” International Union for Conservation of Nature, January 21, 2014, https://www.iucn.org/content/quarter-sharks-and-rays-threatened-extinction; “More Than Half of the Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras Native to the Mediterranean Sea Are at Risk of Extinction,” IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, December 4, 2016, http://www.iucnredlist.org/news/more-than-half-of-the-sharks-rays-and-chimaeras-native-to-the-mediterranean-sea-are-at-risk-of-extinction.

3. Dennis Hevesi, “Frank Mundus, 82, Dies; Inspired ‘Jaws,’” New York Times, September 16, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/16/nyregion/16mundus.html.

4. Tom Gregory, “Legendary Fisherman Frank Mundus’ Last Interview,” July 9, 2013, video, 4:29, https://youtu.be/32zRDO9yHpM.

5.IDNR Stocks Alligator Gar as Part of Reintroduction Program,” Illinois Department of Natural Resources, 2017, https://www.dnr.illinois.gov/news/Pages/idnr-Stocks-Alligator-Gar-as-Part-of-Reintroduction-Program.aspx.

6. Steve Smith, “Alabama Coosa River Spawning Striped Bass,” Stripers247, 2011, https://www.stripers247.com/Alabama-Coosa-river-stripers.php.

7. Justin McCurry, “Warning Over Pacific Bluefin Tuna Stocks as Japan Meeting Ends in Stalemate,” Guardian, September 4, 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/sep/04/warning-over-pacific-bluefin-tuna-stocks-as-japan-meeting-ends-in-stalemate.

8. “Global Marine Populations Slashed by Half,” Borneo Post, September 17, 2015, http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/09/17/global-marine-populations-slashed-by-half.

9. “Failing Fisheries and Poor Ocean Health Starving Human Food Supply—Tide Must Turn,” WWF Global, September 16, 2015, http://wwf.panda.org/?252532/Failing-fisheries-and-poor-ocean-health-starving-human-food-supply—tide-must-turn.

10. Guy Harvey, “The Problem With Overfishing,” Alert Diver, Winter 2010, http://www.alertdiver.com/260.

6. Monster Carp in France

1. Izaak Walton, The Compleat Angler (Ecco, 1995), 153.

2. Kiersten Nunez, “Officials Say Removing Millions of Pounds of Carp from Utah Lake Will Net Big Financial Return,” FOX 13 Salt Lake City, February 12, 2015, http://fox13now.com/2015/02/12/officials-say-removing-millions-of-pounds-of-carp-from-utah-lake-will-net-big-financial-return.

3. Jonathan Pearlman, “Australia Plans to Kill ‘Plague’ of European Carp with Herpes Virus,” Telegraph, May 2, 2016, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/02/australia-plans-to-kill-plague-of-european-carp-with-herpes-viru.

7. Bananas for Tarpon

1. “Tarpon Fishing,” African Angler, http://www.african-angling.co.uk/Tarpon.htm.

2. Thomas McGuane, The Longest Silence: A Life in Fishing (Vintage, 2001), 13, ix.

3. Robert Hass, Field Guide (Yale University Press, 1998), 4.

4. Galway Kinnell, Body Rags (Houghton Mifflin, 1967), 63.

5. McGuane, The Longest Silence, xii.

6. Mark Longster, email message to author, October 18, 2016.

7.Megalops atlanticus,” IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, accessed October 1, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T191823A2006676.en.

8. Sean Morey, “Megalops atlanticus,” Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, accessed October 1, 2016, https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/fish/discover/species-profiles/megalops-atlanticus.

9. McGuane, The Longest Silence, x.

10. David Wallace-Wells, “The Uninhabitable Earth,” New York Magazine, July 9, 2017, http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2017/07/climate-change-earth-too-hot-for-humans.html.

11. Chris Mooney, “The Arctic Is Full of Toxic Mercury and Climate Change Is Going to Release It,” Washington Post, February 5, 2018, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2018/02/05/the-arctic-is-full-of-toxic-mercury-and-climate-change-is-going-to-release-it/?utm_term=.750cadfd9dd2.

8. Striking Gold in Senegal

1. “Billfish,” Wikipedia, accessed October 22, 2016, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billfish.

2. Zane Grey, Tales of Fishes (Starling and Black Publications, 2014), 87.

3. Grey, Tales of Fishes, 89.

4. Grey, Tales of Fishes, 97.

5. Grey, Tales of Fishes, 98.

6. Fiona Harvey, “Tuna and Mackerel Populations Suffer Catastrophic 74% Decline, Research Shows,” Guardian, September 15, 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/sep/15/tuna-and-mackerel-populations-suffer-catastrophic-74-decline-research-shows.

7.Katsuwonus pelamis,” IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, accessed November 16, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T170310A6739812.en.

8. Tracy McVeigh, “Overfished Tuna ‘Near Extinction,’” Guardian, September 10, 2000, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2000/sep/10/food.fish.

9.Makaira nigricans,” IUCN Redlist of Threatened Species, accessed November 16, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T170314A6743776.en.

10. Explorer, season 8, episode 5, “Call of the Wild,” directed by Philip Boag, featuring David Gessner, aired January 10, 2016, on National Geographic.

11. Lewis Smith, “Supermarkets Warn That Yellowfin Tuna Will Collapse Without Urgent Action,” Fish2Fork, April 13, 2016, http://fish2fork.com/en_GB/news/news/supermarkets-warn-that-yellowfin-tuna-will-collapse-without-urgent-action.

9. Attack of the Italian Zander

1. “Monster Fish Killed after Terrorising Swimmers at Swiss Lake—and Served for Dinner,” Telegraph, July 13, 2009, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/5819633/Monster-fish-killed-after-terrorising-swimmers-at-Swiss-lake-and-served-for-dinner.html.

2. “Zander,” IGFA World Record Database, accessed November 2, 2016, http://wrec.igfa.org/WRecordsList.aspx?lc=AllTackle&cn=Zander.

3. Mohamed bahig Fishing hunters, “Aggressive Zander Attacks Divers,” March 17, 2018, video, 4:30, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJiN9Wuwrmc. This webpage includes comments by Big Dog, HoppyFishPerse001, GPC, and Ed Dost.

4. Philippe Carrière, “Zander on the Nest Attack 3 Times,” September 7, 2015, video, 0:40, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pjl2_-T0WJo.

5. Erich Varh, “Klopeiner See: Zander Attacks Diver,” May 2, 2012, video, 1:10, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9hkIJ_eVKs.

6. “Flight Carbon Footprint Calculator,” Carbon Calculator, accessed February 12, 2018, https://calculator.carbonfootprint.com/calculator.aspx?tab=3.

7. “How Much Carbon Dioxide Is Produced From Burning Gasoline and Diesel Fuel?” Independent Statistics & Analysis U.S. Energy Information Administration, May 19, 2017, https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=307&t=11.

8. Robert Mauldin, email message to author, November 21, 2016.

9. “Global Warming Fast Facts,” National Geographic News, June 14, 2007, https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/12/1206_041206_global_warming_2.html.

10. “Pledge of Resistance,” Center for Biological Diversity, December 2, 2016, https://act.biologicaldiversity.org/onlineactions/bdnz0fUpA0SQiKU3r1cFQg2.

10. Translating an Eely Ionian Monsterfest

1. Lydia Willgress, “That Giant Eel Wasn’t Such a Monster After All! New Photo Reveals ‘20ft’ Fish Was Really Just 7ft All Along,” Daily Mail, May 15, 2016, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3084377/New-photo-reveals-20ft-conger-eel-just-trick-perspective-really-measured-like-7ft.html.

2.Sarda sarda,” IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, accessed December 8, 2016, http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/155096/0.

3. Alister Doyle, “Ocean Fish Numbers on ‘Brink of Collapse’—WWF,” Reuters, September 16, 2015, https://www.reuters.com/article/environment-oceans/ocean-fish-numbers-on-brink-of-collapse-wwf-idUSL5N11M1UO20150916.

4. Jess Colarossi, “Climate Change and Overfishing Are Driving the World’s Oceans to the ‘Brink of Collapse,’” Think Progress, September 18, 2015, https://thinkprogress.org/climate-change-and-overfishing-are-driving-the-worlds-oceans-to-the-brink-of-collapse-2d095e127640/#.8jcf0783q.

Conclusion

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24. Nadja Popovich, “Today’s Energy Jobs Are in Solar, Not Coal,” New York Times, April 25, 2017.

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32. Al Gore, quoted in Brian Clark Howard, “Al Gore: The Green Revolution Is ‘Unstoppable,’” National Geographic, July 7, 2017, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2017/07/3-questions-al-gore-climate-change.