Chapter 1

Understanding the System Requirements

IN THIS CHAPTER

Registering a domain name

Exploring web hosting environments

Knowing the basic requirements for PHP and MySQL

Getting web hosting recommendations for WordPress

Understanding bandwidth and disk space needs

Before you can start creating content with WordPress, you have to set up your foundation. Doing so involves more than simply downloading and installing the WordPress software. You also need to establish your domain (your website address) and your web hosting service (the place that houses your website). Although you initially download your WordPress software onto your hard drive, you install it on a web hosting server.

Obtaining a web server and installing software on it are things you may already have done on your site, in which case you can move on to the next chapter. If you haven’t installed WordPress, you must first consider many factors, as well as cope with a learning curve, because setting up your website through a hosting service involves using some technologies that you may not feel comfortable with. This chapter takes you through the basics of those technologies, and by the last page of this chapter, you’ll have WordPress successfully installed on a web server with your own domain name.

Establishing Your Domain

You’ve read all the hype. You’ve heard all the rumors. You’ve seen the flashy websites powered by WordPress. But where do you start?

The first steps in installing and setting up a WordPress site are making a decision about a domain name and then purchasing the registration of that name through a domain registrar. A domain name is the unique web address that you type in a web browser’s address bar to visit a website. Some examples of domain names are WordPress.org and Google.com.

I emphasize unique because no two domain names can be the same. If someone else has registered the domain name you want, you can't have it. With that in mind, it sometimes takes a bit of time to find a domain that isn’t already in use.

DOMAIN NAMES: DO YOU OWN OR RENT?

When you “buy” a domain name, you don’t really own it. Rather, you’re purchasing the right to use that domain name for the time specified in your order. You can register a domain name for one year or up to ten years. Be aware, however, that if you don’t renew the domain name when your registration period ends, you lose it — and most often, you lose it right away to someone who preys on abandoned or expired domain names. Some people keep a close watch on expiring domain names, and as soon as the buying window opens, they snap the names up and start using them for their own websites, in the hope of taking full advantage of the popularity that the previous owners worked so hard to attain for those domains.

Understanding domain name extensions

When registering a domain name, be aware of the extension that you want. The .com, .net, .org, .info, or .biz extension that you see tagged onto the end of any domain name is the top-level domain extension. When you register your domain name, you're asked to choose the extension you want for your domain (as long as it’s available, that is).

A word to the wise here: Just because you registered your domain as a .com doesn’t mean that someone else doesn’t, or can’t, own the very same domain name with a .net. Therefore, if you register MyDogHasFleas.com, and the site becomes hugely popular among readers with dogs that have fleas, someone else can come along, register MyDogHasFleas.net, and run a similar site to yours in the hope of riding the coattails of your website's popularity and readership.

If you want to avert this problem, you can register your domain name with all available extensions. My business website, for example, has the domain name webdevstudios.com, but we also own webdvstudios.net just in case someone else out there has the same combination of names.

Considering the cost of a domain name

Registering a domain costs you anywhere from $5 to $300 per year or more, depending on what service you use for a registrar and what options (such as storage space, bandwidth, privacy options, search engine submission services, and so on) you apply to your domain name during the registration process.

When you pay the domain registration fee today, you need to pay another registration fee when the renewal date comes up again in a year, or two, or five — however many years you chose to register your domain name for. (See the nearby “Domain names: Do you own or rent?” sidebar.) Most registrars give you the option of signing up for a service called Auto Renew to automatically renew your domain name and bill the charges to the credit card you set up on that account. The registrar sends you a reminder a few months in advance, telling you that it's time to renew. If you don’t have Auto Renew set up, you need to log in to your registrar account before it expires and manually renew your domain name.

When choosing a domain name for your website, you may find that the domain name you want isn’t available. You know if it’s available when you search for it at the domain registrar’s website (listed in the next section). Have some backup domain names prepared just in case the one you want isn’t available. If your chosen domain name is cutepuppies.com, but it’s not available, you could have some variations of the domain ready to use, such as cute-puppies.com (notice the dash), mycutepuppies.com, or reallycutepuppies.com.

Registering your domain name

Domain registrars are certified and approved by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). Although hundreds of domain registrars exist, the ones in the following list are popular because of their longevity in the industry, competitive pricing, and variety of services they offer in addition to domain name registration (such as web hosting and website traffic builders):

• GoDaddy: https://www.godaddy.com
• Register.com: https://www.register.com
• Network Solutions: https://www.networksolutions.com
• NamesDirect: http://namesdirect.com

No matter where you choose to register your domain name, here are the steps you can take to accomplish this task:

1. Decide on a domain name.

   A little planning and forethought are necessary here. Many people think of a domain name as a brand — a way of identifying their websites or blogs. Think of potential names for your site and then proceed with your plan.

2. Verify the domain name's availability.

   In your web browser, enter the URL of the domain registrar of your choice. Look for the section on the registrar’s website that lets you enter the domain name (typically, a short text field) to see whether it’s available. If the domain name isn’t available as a .com, try .net or .info.

3. Purchase the domain name.

   Follow the domain registrar's steps to purchase the name, using your credit card. After you complete the checkout process, you receive an email confirming your purchase, so be sure to use a valid email address during the registration process.

The next step is obtaining a hosting account, which the next section covers.

Some of the domain registrars have hosting services that you can sign up for, but you don’t have to use those services. Often, you can find hosting services for a lower cost than most domain registrars offer. It just takes a little research.

Finding a Home for Your Site

After you register your domain, you need to find a place for it to live: a web host. Web hosting is the second piece of the puzzle that you need to complete before you begin working with WordPress.org.

A web host is a business, group, or person that provides web server space and bandwidth for file transfer to website owners who don’t have it. Usually, web hosting services charge a monthly or an annual fee — unless you’re fortunate enough to know someone who’s willing to give you server space and bandwidth free. The cost varies from host to host, but you can usually obtain quality web hosting services for $10 to $50 per month to start.

When discussing web hosting considerations, it’s important to understand where your hosting account ends and WordPress begins. Support for the WordPress software may or may not be included in your hosting package.

Some web hosts consider WordPress to be a third-party application. This means that the host typically won’t provide technical support on the use of WordPress (or any other software application) because software support generally isn’t included in your hosting package. The web host supports your hosting account but typically doesn’t support the software you choose to install.

On the other hand, if your web host supports the software on your account, it comes at a cost: You have to pay for that extra support. To find whether your chosen host supports WordPress, ask first. If your host doesn’t offer software support, you can still find WordPress support in the support forums at https://wordpress.org/support/forums, as shown in Figure 1-1.

FIGURE 1-1: The WordPress support forums.

Several web hosting providers also have WordPress-related services available for additional fees. These services can include technical support, plugin installation and configuration, and theme design.

Generally, hosting services provide (at least) these services with your account:

• Hard drive space
• Bandwidth (transfer)
• Domain email with web mail access
• Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) access
• Comprehensive website statistics
• MySQL database(s)
• PHP

Because you intend to run WordPress on your web server, you need to look for a host that provides the minimum requirements needed to run the software on your hosting account which are

• PHP version 7.2 (or later)
• MySQL version 5.6 (or later) or MariaDB version 10.0 (or later)

You can view the requirements for WordPress at https://wordpress.org/about/requirements.

You also want a host that provides daily backups of your site so that your content won’t be lost in case something happens. Web hosting providers that offer daily backups as part of their services can save the day by restoring your site to its original form.

The easiest way to find whether a host meets the minimum requirement is to check the FAQ (frequently asked questions) section of the host’s website, if it has one. If not, find the contact information for the hosting company and fire off an email requesting information on exactly what it supports. Any web host worth dealing with will answer your email within a reasonable amount of time. (A response within 12 to 24 hours is a good barometer.)

If the technojargon confuses you — specifically, all that talk about PHP, MySQL, and SFTP in this section — don’t worry! Book 2, Chapter 2 gives you an in-depth look at what SFTP is and how you use it on your web server; Book 2, Chapter 3 introduces you to the basics of PHP and MySQL. Become comfortable with these topics, because they’re important when using WordPress.

Getting help with hosting WordPress

The popularity of WordPress has given birth to web services — including designers, consultants, and (yes) web hosts — that specialize in using WordPress.

Many web hosts offer a full array of WordPress features, such as an automatic WordPress installation included with your account, a library of WordPress themes, and a staff of support technicians who are very experienced in using WordPress.

Here are some of those providers:

• Pagely: https://pagely.com
• WP Engine: https://wpengine.com (shown in Figure 1-2)
• Pantheon: https://pantheon.io

FIGURE 1-2: The WP Engine WordPress hosting provider.

A few web hosting providers offer free domain name registration when you sign up for hosting services. Research this topic and read the terms of service, because that free domain name may come with conditions. Many clients have gone this route only to find out a few months later that the web hosting provider has full control of the domain name and the client can’t move that domain off the host’s servers, either for a set period (usually, a year or two) or for infinity. You need control in your hands, not someone else’s, so stick with an independent domain registrar, such as Network Solutions.

Dealing with disk space and bandwidth

Web hosting services provide two very important things with your account:

• Disk space: The amount of space you can access on the web servers’ hard drive, generally measured in megabytes (MB) or gigabytes (GB).
• Bandwidth transfer: The amount of transfer your site can do per month. Typically, traffic is measured in gigabytes.

Think of your web host as a garage that you rent to park your car in. The garage gives you the place to store your car (disk space). It even gives you the driveway so that you, and others, can get to and from your car (bandwidth). It won’t, however, fix the rockin’ stereo system (WordPress or any other third-party software application) that you’ve installed — unless you’re willing to pay a few extra bucks for that service.

Most web hosting providers give you access to a hosting account manager that allows you to log in to your web hosting account to manage services. cPanel is perhaps the most popular management interface, but Plesk and NetAdmin are still widely used. These management interfaces give you access to your server logs, where you can view such things as bandwidth and hard disk use. Get into the habit of checking those things occasionally to make sure that you stay informed about how much storage and bandwidth your site is using. Typically, I check monthly.

Managing disk space

Disk space is nothing more complicated than the hard drive on your own computer. Each hard drive has capacity, or space, for a certain amount of files. An 80GB hard drive can hold 80GB of data — no more. Your hosting account provides you a limited amount of disk space, and the same concept applies. If your web host provides you 10GB of disk space, that’s the absolute limit you have. If you want more disk space, you need to upgrade your space limitations. Most web hosts have a mechanism in place for you to upgrade your allotment.

Starting with a self-hosted WordPress website doesn’t take much disk space at all. A good starting point for disk space is 20GB to 50GB. If you find that you need additional space, contact your hosting provider for an upgrade.

Choosing the size of your bandwidth pipe

Bandwidth refers to the amount of data that’s carried from point A to point B within a specific period (usually, only a second or two). I live out in the country — pretty much in the middle of nowhere. The water that comes to my house is provided by a private well that lies buried in the backyard somewhere. Between my house and the well are pipes that bring the water to my house. The pipes provide a free flow of water to our home so that everyone else can enjoy long, hot showers while I labor over dishes and laundry, all at the same time. Lucky me!

The very same concept applies to the bandwidth available with your hosting account. Every web hosting provider offers a variety of bandwidth limits on the accounts it offers. When I want to view your website in my browser window, the bandwidth is essentially the pipe that lets your data flow from your “well” to my computer. The bandwidth limit is similar to the pipe connected to my well: It can hold only a certain amount of water before it reaches maximum capacity and won’t bring the water from the well any longer. Your bandwidth pipe size is determined by how much bandwidth your web host allows for your account. The larger the number, the bigger the pipe. A 50MB bandwidth limit makes for a smaller pipe than a 100MB limit, for example.

Web hosts are pretty generous with the amount of bandwidth they provide in their packages. Like disk space, bandwidth is measured in gigabytes. Bandwidth provision of 50GB to 100GB is generally a respectable amount to run a website and/or a blog.

I’ve found that if your website exceeds its allowed bandwidth, the web host won’t turn off your website or limit traffic. The host will continue to allow inbound web traffic to your site but will bill you at the end of month for any bandwidth overages. Those charges can get pretty expensive, so if you find that your website is consistently exceeding the bandwidth amount every month, contact your web host to learn whether you can get an upgrade to allow for increased bandwidth.

Websites that run large files — such as video, audio, or photo files — generally benefit from higher disk space compared with sites that don’t involve large files. Keep this point in mind when you’re signing up for your hosting account. Planning will save you a few headaches down the road.

Be wary of hosting providers that offer things like unlimited bandwidth, domains, and disk space. Those offers are great selling points, but what the providers don’t tell you outright (you may have to look into the fine print of the agreement) is that although they may not put those kinds of limits on you, they will limit your site’s CPU usage.

CPU (which stands for central processing unit) is the part of a computer (or web server, in this case) that handles all the data processing requests sent to your web servers whenever anyone visits your site. Although you may have unlimited bandwidth to handle a large amount of traffic, if a high spike in traffic increases your site’s CPU use, your host will throttle your site because it limits the CPU use.

What do I mean by throttle? I mean that the host shuts down your site — turns it off. The shutdown isn’t permanent, though; it lasts maybe a few minutes to an hour. The host does this to kill any connections to your web server that are causing the spike in CPU use. Your host eventually turns your site back on — but the inconvenience happens regularly with many clients across various hosting environments.

When looking into different web hosting providers, ask about their policies on CPU use and what they do to manage a spike in processing. It’s better to know about it up front than to find out about it after your site’s been throttled.