* The French were not the only ones to execute their prisoners. Dessalines’s forces responded to Rochambeau’s atrocities by hanging their white captives on the hills outside Le Cap in view of the French troops. Marcus Rainsford, an Englishman who wrote about the conflict, included in his book two parallel engravings illustrating the cycle of violence. One shows a French soldier pushing a black prisoner into the water, with a French tricolor flag overhead; the other depicts the hanging of a white officer by black troops under a palm tree. The second engraving is regularly reproduced as a representation of the Haitian Revolution, but the first is usually left out. Outside the country, Haiti’s independence is all too often remembered as a case of blacks indiscriminately killing whites. But in Haiti itself, Rochambeau’s brutality has never been forgotten.30