The Law Concerning Bodily Discharges
1And the LORD spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying,
2“Speak to the children of Israel, and say to them: a‘When any man has a discharge from his body, his discharge is unclean.
3‘And this shall be his uncleanness in regard to his discharge—whether his body runs with his discharge, or his body is stopped up by his discharge, it is his uncleanness.
4‘Every bed is 1unclean on which he who has the discharge lies, and everything on which he sits shall be unclean.
5‘And whoever btouches his bed shall cwash his clothes and dbathe in water, and be unclean until evening.
6‘He who sits on anything on which he who has the edischarge sat shall wash his clothes and bathe in water, and be unclean until evening.
7‘And he who touches the body of him who has the discharge shall wash his clothes and bathe in water, and be unclean until evening.
8‘If he who has the discharge fspits on him who is clean, then he shall wash his clothes and bathe in water, and be unclean until evening.
9‘Any saddle on which he who has the discharge rides shall be unclean.
10‘Whoever touches anything that was under him shall be unclean until evening. He who carries any of those things shall wash his clothes and bathe in water, and be unclean until evening.
11‘And whomever the one who has the discharge touches, and has not rinsed his hands in water, he shall wash his clothes and bathe in water, and be unclean until evening.
12‘The gvessel of earth that he who has the discharge touches shall be broken, and every vessel of wood shall be rinsed in water.
13‘And when he who has a discharge is cleansed of his discharge, then hhe shall count for himself seven days for his cleansing, wash his clothes, and bathe his body in running water; then he shall be clean.
14‘On the eighth day he shall take for himself itwo turtledoves or two young pigeons, and come before the LORD, to the door of the tabernacle of meeting, and give them to the priest.
15‘Then the priest shall offer them, jthe one as a sin offering and the other as a burnt offering. kSo the priest shall make 2atonement for him before the LORD because of his discharge.
16l‘If any man has an emission of semen, then he shall wash all his body in water, and be unclean until evening.
17‘And any garment and any leather on which there is semen, it shall be washed with water, and be unclean until evening.
18‘Also, when a woman lies with a man, and there is an emission of semen, they shall bathe in water, and mbe unclean until evening.
19n‘If a woman has a discharge, and the discharge from her body is blood, she shall be 3set apart seven days; and whoever touches her shall be unclean until evening.
20‘Everything that she lies on during her impurity shall be unclean; also everything that she sits on shall be unclean.
21‘Whoever touches her bed shall wash his clothes and bathe in water, and be unclean until evening.
22‘And whoever touches anything that she sat on shall wash his clothes and bathe in water, and be unclean until evening.
23‘If anything is on her bed or on anything on which she sits, when he touches it, he shall be unclean until evening.
24‘And oif any man lies with her at all, so that her impurity is on him, he shall be 4unclean seven days; and every bed on which he lies shall be unclean.
25‘If pa woman has a discharge of blood for many days, other than at the time of her customary impurity, or if it runs beyond her usual time of impurity, all the days of her unclean discharge shall be as the days of her customary impurity. She shall be unclean.
26‘Every bed on which she lies all the days of her discharge shall be to her as the bed of her impurity; and whatever she sits on shall be unclean, as the uncleanness of her impurity.
27‘Whoever touches those things shall be unclean; he shall wash his clothes and bathe in water, and be unclean until evening.
28‘But qif she is cleansed of her discharge, then she shall count for herself seven days, and after that she shall be clean.
29‘And on the eighth day she shall take for herself two turtledoves or two young pigeons, and bring them to the priest, to the door of the tabernacle of meeting.
30‘Then the priest shall offer the one as a sin offering and the other as a rburnt offering, and the priest shall make atonement for her before the LORD for the discharge of her uncleanness.
31‘Thus you shall sseparate the children of Israel from their uncleanness, lest they die in their uncleanness when they tdefile My tabernacle that is among them.
32u‘This is the law for one who has a discharge, vand for him who emits semen and is unclean thereby,
33w‘and for her who is indisposed because of her customary impurity, and for one who has a discharge, either man xor woman, yand for him who lies with her who is unclean.’ ”
The Day of Atonement
1Now the LORD spoke to Moses after athe death of the two sons of Aaron, when they offered profane fire before the LORD, and died;
2and the LORD said to Moses: “Tell Aaron your brother bnot to come at just any time into the Holy Place inside the veil, before the mercy seat which is on the ark, lest he die; for cI will appear in the cloud above the mercy seat.
31“Thus Aaron shall dcome into the Holy Place: ewith the blood of a young bull as a sin offering, and of a ram as a burnt offering.
4“He shall put the fholy linen tunic and the linen trousers on his body; he shall be girded with a linen sash, and with the linen turban he shall be attired. These are holy garments. Therefore ghe shall wash his body in water, and put them on.
5“And he shall take from hthe congregation of the children of Israel two kids of the goats as a sin offering, and one ram as a burnt offering.
6“Aaron shall offer the bull as a sin offering, which is for himself, and imake atonement for himself and for his house.
7“He shall take the two goats and present them before the LORD at the door of the tabernacle of meeting.
8“Then Aaron shall cast lots for the two goats: one lot for the LORD and the other lot for the scapegoat.
9“And Aaron shall bring the goat on which the LORD’s lot fell, and offer it as a sin offering.
10“But the goat on which the lot fell to be the scapegoat shall be presented alive before the LORD, to make jatonement upon it, and to let it go as the scapegoat into the wilderness.
11“And Aaron shall bring the bull of the sin offering, which is for khimself, and make atonement for himself and for his house, and shall kill the bull as the sin offering which is for himself.
12“Then he shall take la censer full of burning coals of fire from the altar before the LORD, with his hands full of msweet incense beaten fine, and bring it inside the veil.
13n“And he shall put the incense on the fire before the LORD, that the cloud of incense may cover the omercy seat that is on the Testimony, lest he pdie.
14q“He shall take some of the blood of the bull and rsprinkle it with his finger on the mercy seat on the east side; and before the mercy seat he shall sprinkle some of the blood with his finger seven times.
15s“Then he shall kill the goat of the sin offering, which is for the people, bring its blood tinside the veil, do with that blood as he did with the blood of the bull, and sprinkle it on the mercy seat and before the mercy seat.
16“So he shall umake atonement for the Holy Place, because of the uncleanness of the children of Israel, and because of their transgressions, for all their sins; and so he shall do for the tabernacle of meeting which remains among them in the midst of their uncleanness.
17“There shall be vno man in the tabernacle of meeting when he goes in to make atonement in the Holy Place, until he comes out, that he may make atonement for himself, for his household, and for all the assembly of Israel.
18“And he shall go out to the altar that is before the LORD, and make atonement for wit, and shall take some of the blood of the bull and some of the blood of the goat, and put it on the horns of the altar all around.
19“Then he shall sprinkle some of the blood on it with his finger seven times, cleanse it, and xconsecrate2 it from the 3uncleanness of the children of Israel.
20“And when he has made an end of atoning for the Holy Place, the tabernacle of meeting, and the altar, he shall bring the live goat.
21“Aaron shall lay both his hands on the head of the live goat, yconfess over it all the iniquities of the children of Israel, and all their transgressions, concerning all their sins, zputting them on the head of the goat, and shall send it away into the wilderness by the hand of a suitable man.
22“The goat 4shall abear on itself all their iniquities to an 5uninhabited land; and he shall brelease the goat in the wilderness.
23“Then Aaron shall come into the tabernacle of meeting, cshall take off the linen garments which he put on when he went into the Holy Place, and shall leave them there.
24“And he shall wash his body with water in a holy place, put on his garments, come out and offer his burnt offering and the burnt offering of the people, and make 6atonement for himself and for the people.
25d“The fat of the sin offering he shall burn on the altar.
26“And he who released the goat as the scapegoat shall wash his clothes eand bathe his body in water, and afterward he may come into the camp.
27f“The bull for the sin offering and the goat for the sin offering, whose blood was brought in to make atonement in the Holy Place, shall be carried outside the camp. And they shall burn in the fire their skins, their flesh, and their offal.
28“Then he who burns them shall wash his clothes and bathe his body in water, and afterward he may come into the camp.
29“This shall be a statute forever for you: gIn the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, you shall 7afflict your souls, and do no work at all, whether a native of your own country or a stranger who 8dwells among you.
30“For on that day the priest shall make 9atonement for you, to hcleanse you, that you may be clean from all your sins before the LORD.
31i“It is a sabbath of solemn rest for you, and you shall afflict your souls. It is a statute forever.
32j“And the priest, who is anointed and kconsecrated to minister as priest in his father’s place, shall make atonement, and put on the linen clothes, the holy garments;
33“then he shall make 10atonement for 11the Holy Sanctuary, and he shall make atonement for the tabernacle of meeting and for the altar, and he shall make atonement for the priests and for all the people of the assembly.
34l“This shall be an everlasting statute for you, to make atonement for the children of Israel, for all their sins, monce a year.” And he did as the LORD commanded Moses.
The Sanctity of Blood
1And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
2“Speak to Aaron, to his sons, and to all the children of Israel, and say to them, ‘This is the thing which the LORD has commanded, saying:
3“Whatever man of the house of Israel who akills an ox or lamb or goat in the camp, or who kills it outside the camp,
4“and does not bring it to the door of the tabernacle of meeting to offer an offering to the LORD before the tabernacle of the LORD, the guilt of bloodshed shall be bimputed to that man. He has shed blood; and that man shall be 1cut off from among his people,
5“to the end that the children of Israel may bring their sacrifices cwhich they offer in the open field, that they may bring them to the LORD at the door of the tabernacle of meeting, to the priest, and offer them as peace offerings to the LORD.
6“And the priest dshall sprinkle the blood on the altar of the LORD at the door of the tabernacle of meeting, and eburn the fat for a sweet aroma to the LORD.
7“They shall no more offer their sacrifices fto 2demons, after whom they ghave played the harlot. This shall be a statute forever for them throughout their generations.” ’
8“Also you shall say to them: ‘Whatever man of the house of Israel, or of the strangers who dwell among you, hwho offers a burnt offering or sacrifice,
9‘and does not ibring it to the door of the tabernacle of meeting, to offer it to the LORD, that man shall be 3cut off from among his people.
10j‘And whatever man of the house of Israel, or of the strangers who dwell among you, who eats any blood, kI will set My face against that person who eats blood, and will cut him off from among his people.
11‘For the llife of the flesh is in the blood, and I have given it to you upon the altar mto make atonement for your souls; for nit is the blood that makes atonement for the soul.’
12“Therefore I said to the children of Israel, ‘No one among you shall eat blood, nor shall any stranger who dwells among you eat blood.’
13“Whatever man of the children of Israel, or of the strangers who dwell among you, who ohunts and catches any animal or bird that may be eaten, he shall ppour out its blood and qcover it with dust;
14r“for it is the life of all flesh. Its blood sustains its life. Therefore I said to the children of Israel, ‘You shall not eat the blood of any flesh, for the life of all flesh is its blood. Whoever eats it shall be cut off.’
15s“And every person who eats what died naturally or what was torn by beasts, whether he is a native of your own country or a stranger, the shall both wash his clothes and ubathe in water, and be unclean until evening. Then he shall be clean.
16“But if he does not wash them or bathe his body, then vhe shall bear his 4guilt.”
Laws of Sexual Morality
1Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
2“Speak to the children of Israel, and say to them: a‘I am the LORD your God.
3b‘According to 1the doings of the land of Egypt, where you dwelt, you shall not do; and caccording to the doings of the land of Canaan, where I am bringing you, you shall not do; nor shall you walk in their 2ordinances.
4d‘You shall observe My judgments and keep My ordinances, to walk in them: I am the LORD your God.
5‘You shall therefore keep My statutes and My judgments, which if a man does, he shall live by them: I am the LORD.
6‘None of you shall approach anyone who is near of kin to him, to uncover his nakedness: I am the LORD.
7‘The nakedness of your father or the nakedness of your mother you shall not uncover. She is your mother; you shall not uncover her nakedness.
8‘The nakedness of your efather’s wife you shall not uncover; it is your father’s nakedness.
9f‘The nakedness of your sister, the daughter of your father, or the daughter of your mother, whether born at home or elsewhere, their nakedness you shall not uncover.
10‘The nakedness of your son’s daughter or your daughter’s daughter, their nakedness you shall not uncover; for theirs is your own nakedness.
11‘The nakedness of your father’s wife’s daughter, begotten by your father—she is your sister—you shall not uncover her nakedness.
12g‘You shall not uncover the nakedness of your father’s sister; she is near of kin to your father.
13‘You shall not uncover the nakedness of your mother’s sister, for she is near of kin to your mother.
14h‘You shall not uncover the nakedness of your father’s brother. You shall not approach his wife; she is your aunt.
15‘You shall not uncover the nakedness of your daughter-in-law—she is your son’s wife—you shall not uncover her nakedness.
16‘You shall not uncover the nakedness of your brother’s wife; it is your brother’s nakedness.
17‘You shall not uncover the nakedness of a woman and her idaughter, nor shall you take her son’s daughter or her daughter’s daughter, to uncover her nakedness. They are near of kin to her. It is wickedness.
18‘Nor shall you take a woman jas a rival to her sister, to uncover her nakedness while the other is alive.
19‘Also you shall not approach a woman to uncover her nakedness as klong as she is in her lcustomary impurity.
20m‘Moreover you shall not lie carnally with your nneighbor’s wife, to defile yourself with her.
21‘And you shall not let any of your descendants opass through pthe fire to qMolech, nor shall you profane the name of your God: I am the LORD.
22‘You shall not lie with ra male as with a woman. It is an abomination.
23‘Nor shall you mate with any sanimal, to defile yourself with it. Nor shall any woman stand before an animal to mate with it. It is perversion.
24t‘Do not defile yourselves with any of these things; ufor by all these the nations are defiled, which I am casting out before you.
25‘For vthe land is defiled; therefore I wvisit3 the punishment of its iniquity upon it, and the land xvomits out its inhabitants.
26y‘You shall therefore 4keep My statutes and My judgments, and shall not commit any of these abominations, either any of your own nation or any stranger who dwells among you
27‘(for all these abominations the men of the land have done, who were before you, and thus the land is defiled),
28‘lest zthe land vomit you out also when you defile it, as it vomited out the nations that were before you.
29‘For whoever commits any of these abominations, the persons who commit them shall be 5cut off from among their people.
30‘Therefore you shall keep My 6ordinance, so athat you do not commit any of these abominable customs which were committed before you, and that you do not defile yourselves by them: bI am the LORD your God.’ ”
Moral and Ceremonial Laws
1And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
2“Speak to all the congregation of the children of Israel, and say to them: a‘You shall be holy, for I the LORD your God am holy.
3b‘Every one of you shall revere his mother and his father, and ckeep My Sabbaths: I am the LORD your God.
4d‘Do not turn to idols, enor make for yourselves 1molded gods: I am the LORD your God.
5‘And fif you offer a sacrifice of a peace offering to the LORD, you shall offer it of your own free will.
6‘It shall be eaten the same day you offer it, and on the next day. And if any remains until the third day, it shall be burned in the fire.
7‘And if it is eaten at all on the third day, it is an abomination. It shall not be accepted.
8‘Therefore everyone who eats it shall bear his iniquity, because he has profaned the hallowed offering of the LORD; and that person shall be cut off from his people.
9g‘When you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not wholly reap the corners of your field, nor shall you gather the gleanings of your harvest.
10‘And you shall not glean your vineyard, nor shall you gather every grape of your vineyard; you shall leave them for the poor and the stranger: I am the LORD your God.
11h‘You shall not steal, nor deal falsely, inor lie to one another.
12‘And you shall not jswear by My name falsely, knor shall you profane the name of your God: I am the LORD.
13l‘You shall not cheat your neighbor, nor rob him. mThe wages of him who is hired shall not remain with you all night until morning.
14‘You shall not curse the deaf, nnor put a stumbling block before the blind, but shall fear your God: I am the LORD.
15‘You shall do no injustice in ojudgment. You shall not pbe partial to the poor, nor honor the person of the mighty. In righteousness you shall judge your neighbor.
16‘You shall not go about as a qtalebearer among your people; nor shall you rtake a stand against the life of your neighbor: I am the LORD.
17s‘You shall not hate your brother in your heart. tYou shall surely 2rebuke your neighbor, and not bear sin because of him.
18u‘You shall not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of your people, vbut you shall love your neighbor as yourself: I am the LORD.
19‘You shall keep My statutes. You shall not let your livestock breed with another kind. You shall not sow your field with mixed seed. Nor shall a garment of mixed linen and wool come upon you.
20‘Whoever lies carnally with a woman who is wbetrothed to a man as a concubine, and who has not at all been redeemed nor given her freedom, for this there shall be 3scourging; but they shall not be put to death, because she was not free.
21‘And he shall bring his trespass offering to the LORD, to the door of the tabernacle of meeting, a ram as a trespass offering.
22‘The priest shall make 4atonement for him with the ram of the trespass offering before the LORD for his sin which he has committed. And the sin which he has committed shall be forgiven him.
23‘When you come into the land, and have planted all kinds of trees for food, then you shall count their fruit as 5uncircumcised. Three years it shall be as uncircumcised to you. It shall not be eaten.
24‘But in the fourth year all its fruit shall be holy, a praise to the LORD.
25‘And in the fifth year you may eat its fruit, that it may yield to you its increase: I am the LORD your God.
26‘You shall not eat anything with the blood, nor shall you practice divination or soothsaying.
27‘You shall not shave around the sides of your head, nor shall you disfigure the edges of your beard.
28‘You shall not xmake any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor tattoo any marks on you: I am the LORD.
29y‘Do not prostitute your daughter, to cause her to be a harlot, lest the land fall into harlotry, and the land become full of wickedness.
30‘You shall 6keep My Sabbaths and zreverence My sanctuary: I am the LORD.
31‘Give no regard to mediums and familiar spirits; do not seek after athem, to be defiled by them: I am the LORD your God.
32b‘You shall 7rise before the gray headed and honor the presence of an old man, and cfear your God: I am the LORD.
33‘And dif a stranger dwells with you in your land, you shall not mistreat him.
34e‘The stranger who dwells among you shall be to you as 8one born among you, and fyou shall love him as yourself; for you were strangers in the land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God.
35‘You shall do no injustice in judgment, in measurement of length, weight, or volume.
36‘You shall have ghonest scales, honest weights, an honest ephah, and an honest hin: I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt.
37h‘Therefore you shall observe all My statutes and all My judgments, and perform them: I am the LORD.’ ”
Penalties for Breaking the Law
1Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
2a“Again, you shall say to the children of Israel: b‘Whoever of the children of Israel, or of the strangers who 1dwell in Israel, who gives any of his descendants to Molech, he shall surely be put to death. The people of the land shall cstone him with stones.
3d‘I will set My face against that man, and will 2cut him off from his people, because he has given some of his descendants to Molech, to defile My sanctuary and profane My holy name.
4‘And if the people of the land should in any way 3hide their eyes from the man, when he gives some of his descendants to Molech, and they do not kill him,
5‘then I will set My face against that man and against his family; and I will cut him off from his people, and all who prostitute themselves with him to commit harlotry with Molech.
6‘And ethe person who turns to mediums and familiar spirits, to prostitute himself with them, I will set My face against that person and cut him off from his people.
7f‘Consecrate4 yourselves therefore, and be holy, for I am the LORD your God.
8‘And you shall keep gMy statutes, and perform them: hI am the LORD who 5sanctifies you.
9‘For ieveryone who curses his father or his mother shall surely be put to death. He has cursed his father or his mother. jHis blood shall be upon him.
10k‘The man who commits adultery with another man’s wife, he who commits adultery with his neighbor’s wife, the adulterer and the adulteress, shall surely be put to death.
11‘The man who lies with his lfather’s wife has uncovered his father’s nakedness; both of them shall surely be put to death. Their blood shall be upon them.
12‘If a man lies with his mdaughter-in-law, both of them shall surely be put to death. They have committed perversion. Their blood shall be upon them.
13n‘If a man lies with a male as he lies with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination. They shall surely be put to death. Their blood shall be upon them.
14‘If a man marries a woman and her omother, it is wickedness. They shall be burned with fire, both he and they, that there may be no wickedness among you.
15‘If a man mates with an panimal, he shall surely be put to death, and you shall kill the animal.
16‘If a woman approaches any animal and mates with it, you shall kill the woman and the animal. They shall surely be put to death. Their blood is upon them.
17‘If a man takes his qsister, his father’s daughter or his mother’s daughter, and sees her nakedness and she sees his nakedness, it is a wicked thing. And they shall be 6cut off in the sight of their people. He has uncovered his sister’s nakedness. He shall bear his 7guilt.
18r‘If a man lies with a woman during her 8sickness and uncovers her nakedness, he has 9exposed her flow, and she has uncovered the flow of her blood. Both of them shall be 10cut off from their people.
19‘You shall not uncover the nakedness of your smother’s sister nor of your tfather’s sister, for that would uncover his near of kin. They shall bear their guilt.
20‘If a man lies with his uuncle’s wife, he has uncovered his uncle’s nakedness. They shall bear their sin; they shall die childless.
21‘If a man takes his vbrother’s wife, it is an 11unclean thing. He has uncovered his brother’s nakedness. They shall be childless.
22‘You shall therefore keep all My wstatutes and all My judgments, and perform them, that the land where I am bringing you to dwell xmay not vomit you out.
23y‘And you shall not walk in the statutes of the nation which I am casting out before you; for they commit all these things, and ztherefore I abhor them.
24‘But aI have said to you, “You shall inherit their land, and I will give it to you to possess, a land flowing with milk and honey.” I am the LORD your God, bwho has separated you from the peoples.
25c‘You shall therefore distinguish between clean animals and unclean, between unclean birds and clean, dand you shall not make yourselves 12abominable by beast or by bird, or by any kind of living thing that creeps on the ground, which I have separated from you as 13unclean.
26‘And you shall be holy to Me, efor I the LORD am holy, and have separated you from the peoples, that you should be Mine.
27f‘A man or a woman who is a medium, or who has familiar spirits, shall surely be put to death; they shall stone them with stones. Their blood shall be upon them.’ ”
Regulations for Conduct of Priests
(cf. Ezek. 44:15–31)
1And the LORD said to Moses, “Speak to the priests, the sons of Aaron, and say to them: a‘None shall defile himself for the dead among his people,
2‘except for his relatives who are nearest to him: his mother, his father, his son, his daughter, and his brother;
3‘also his virgin sister who is near to him, who has had no husband, for her he may defile himself.
4‘Otherwise he shall not defile himself, being a 1chief man among his people, to profane himself.
5b‘They shall not make any bald place on their heads, nor shall they shave the edges of their beards nor make any cuttings in their flesh.
6‘They shall be choly to their God and not profane the name of their God, for they offer the offerings of the LORD made by fire, and the dbread of their God; etherefore they shall be holy.
7f‘They shall not take a wife who is a harlot or a defiled woman, nor shall they take a woman gdivorced from her husband; for 2the priest is holy to his God.
8‘Therefore you shall 3consecrate him, for he offers the bread of your God. He shall be holy to you, for hI the LORD, who isanctify you, am holy.
9‘The daughter of any priest, if she profanes herself by playing the harlot, she profanes her father. She shall be jburned with fire.
10‘He who is the high priest among his brethren, on whose head the anointing oil was kpoured and who is consecrated to wear the garments, shall not luncover4 his head nor tear his clothes;
11‘nor shall he go mnear any dead body, nor defile himself for his father or his mother;
12n‘nor shall he go out of the sanctuary, nor profane the sanctuary of his God; for the oconsecration of the anointing oil of his God is upon him: I am the LORD.
13‘And he shall take a wife in her virginity.
14‘A widow or a divorced woman or a defiled woman or a harlot—these he shall not marry; but he shall take a virgin of his own people as wife.
15‘Nor shall he profane his posterity among his people, for I the LORD sanctify him.’ ”
16And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
17“Speak to Aaron, saying: ‘No man of your descendants in succeeding generations, who has any defect, may approach to offer the bread of his God.
18‘For any man who has a pdefect shall not approach: a man blind or lame, who has a marred face or any limb qtoo long,
19‘a man who has a broken foot or broken hand,
20‘or is a hunchback or a dwarf, or a man who has a defect in his eye, or eczema or scab, or is a eunuch.
21‘No man of the descendants of Aaron the priest, who has a defect, shall come near to offer the offerings made by fire to the LORD. He has a defect; he shall not come near to offer the bread of his God.
22‘He may eat the bread of his God, both the most holy and the holy;
23‘only he shall not go near the rveil or approach the altar, because he has a defect, lest she profane My sanctuaries; for I the LORD sanctify them.’ ”
24And Moses told it to Aaron and his sons, and to all the children of Israel.
The Holiness of the Offerings
1Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
2“Speak to Aaron and his sons, that they aseparate1 themselves from the holy things of the children of Israel, and that they bdo not profane My holy name by what they cdedicate to Me: I am the LORD.
3“Say to them: ‘Whoever of all your descendants throughout your generations, who goes near the holy things which the children of Israel dedicate to the LORD, dwhile he has 2uncleanness upon him, that person shall be cut off from My presence: I am the LORD.
4‘Whatever man of the descendants of Aaron, who is a eleper or has fa discharge, shall not eat the holy offerings guntil he is clean. And hwhoever touches anything made unclean by a corpse, or ia man who has had an emission of semen,
5‘or jwhoever touches any creeping thing by which he would be made unclean, or kany person by whom he would become unclean, whatever his uncleanness may be—
6‘the person who has touched any such thing shall be unclean until evening, and shall not eat the holy offerings unless he lwashes his body with water.
7‘And when the sun goes down he shall be clean; and afterward he may eat the holy offerings, because mit is his food.
8n‘Whatever dies naturally or is torn by beasts he shall not eat, to defile himself with it: I am the LORD.
9‘They shall therefore keep oMy 3ordinance, plest they bear sin for it and die thereby, if they profane it: I the LORD sanctify them.
10q‘No outsider shall eat the holy offering; one who 4dwells with the priest, or a hired servant, shall not eat the holy thing.
11‘But if the priest rbuys a person with his money, he may eat it; and one who is born in his house may eat his food.
12‘If the priest’s daughter is married to an outsider, she may not eat of the holy offerings.
13‘But if the priest’s daughter is a widow or divorced, and has no child, and has returned to her father’s house as in her youth, she may eat her father’s food; but no outsider shall eat it.
14‘And if a man eats the holy offering unintentionally, then he shall restore a holy offering to the priest, and add one-fifth to it.
15‘They shall not profane the sholy offerings of the children of Israel, which they offer to the LORD,
16‘or allow them to bear the guilt of trespass when they eat their holy offerings; for I the LORD sanctify them.’ ”
Offerings Accepted and Not Accepted
17And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
18“Speak to Aaron and his sons, and to all the children of Israel, and say to them: t‘Whatever man of the house of Israel, or of the strangers in Israel, who 5offers his sacrifice for any of his vows or for any of his freewill offerings, which they offer to the LORD as a burnt offering—
19u‘you shall offer of your own free will a male without blemish from the cattle, from the sheep, or from the goats.
20v‘Whatever has a defect, you shall not offer, for it shall not be acceptable on your behalf.
21‘And wwhoever offers a sacrifice of a peace offering to the LORD, xto fulfill his vow, or a freewill offering from the cattle or the sheep, it must be perfect to be accepted; there shall be no defect in it.
22y‘Those that are blind or broken or maimed, or have an 6ulcer or eczema or scabs, you shall not offer to the LORD, nor make zan offering by fire of them on the altar to the LORD.
23‘Either a bull or a lamb that has any limb atoo long or too short you may offer as a freewill offering, but for a vow it shall not be accepted.
24‘You shall not offer to the LORD what is bruised or crushed, or torn or cut; nor shall you make any offering of them in your land.
25‘Nor bfrom a foreigner’s hand shall you offer any of these as cthe bread of your God, because their dcorruption is in them, and defects are in them. They shall not be accepted on your behalf.’ ”
26And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
27e“When a bull or a sheep or a goat is born, it shall be seven days with its mother; and from the eighth day and thereafter it shall be accepted as an offering made by fire to the LORD.
28“Whether it is a cow or ewe, do not kill both her fand her young on the same day.
29“And when you goffer a sacrifice of thanksgiving to the LORD, offer it of your own free will.
30“On the same day it shall be eaten; you shall leave hnone of it until morning: I am the LORD.
31i“Therefore you shall keep My commandments, and perform them: I am the LORD.
32j“You shall not profane My holy name, but kI will be 7hallowed among the children of Israel. I am the LORD who lsanctifies you,
33m“who brought you out of the land of Egypt, to be your God: I am the LORD.”
Feasts of the LORD
1And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, Christ Fulfills Israel’s Feasts
2“Speak to the children of Israel, and say to them: ‘The feasts of the LORD, which you shall proclaim to be aholy convocations, these are My feasts.
The Sabbath
3b‘Six days shall work be done, but the seventh day is a Sabbath of solemn rest, a holy convocation. You shall do no work on it; it is the Sabbath of the LORD in all your dwellings.
The Passover and Unleavened Bread
4c‘These are the feasts of the LORD, holy convocations which you shall proclaim at their appointed times.
5d‘On the fourteenth day of the first month at twilight is the LORD’s Passover.
6‘And on the fifteenth day of the same month is the Feast of Unleavened Bread to the LORD; seven days you must eat unleavened bread.
7e‘On the first day you shall have a holy convocation; you shall do no 1customary work on it.
8‘But you shall offer an offering made by fire to the LORD for seven days. The seventh day shall be a holy convocation; you shall do no customary work on it.’ ”
The Feast of Firstfruits
9And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
10“Speak to the children of Israel, and say to them: f‘When you come into the land which I give to you, and reap its harvest, then you shall bring a sheaf of gthe firstfruits of your harvest to the priest. Jewish Feasts
11‘He shall hwave the sheaf before the LORD, to be accepted on your behalf; on the day after the Sabbath the priest shall wave it.
12‘And you shall offer on that day, when you wave the sheaf, a male lamb of the first year, without blemish, as a burnt offering to the LORD.
13‘Its grain offering shall be two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil, an offering made by fire to the LORD, for a 2sweet aroma; and its drink offering shall be of wine, one-fourth of a hin.
14‘You shall eat neither bread nor parched grain nor fresh grain until the same day that you have brought an offering to your God; it shall be a statute forever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.
The Feast of Weeks
(Ex. 34:22; Num. 28:26–31; Deut. 16:9, 10)
15‘And you shall count for yourselves from the day after the Sabbath, from the day that you brought the sheaf of the wave offering: seven Sabbaths shall be completed.
16‘Count ififty days to the day after the seventh Sabbath; then you shall offer ja new grain offering to the LORD.
17‘You shall bring from your dwellings two wave loaves of two-tenths of an ephah. They shall be of fine flour; they shall be baked with leaven. They are kthe firstfruits to the LORD.
18‘And you shall offer with the bread seven lambs of the first year, without blemish, one young bull, and two rams. They shall be as a burnt offering to the LORD, with their grain offering and their drink offerings, an offering made by fire for a sweet aroma to the LORD.
19‘Then you shall sacrifice lone kid of the goats as a sin offering, and two male lambs of the first year as a sacrifice of a mpeace offering.
20‘The priest shall wave them with the bread of the firstfruits as a wave offering before the LORD, with the two lambs. nThey shall be holy to the LORD for the priest.
21‘And you shall proclaim on the same day that it is a holy convocation to you. You shall do no customary work on it. It shall be a statute forever in all your dwellings throughout your generations.
22o‘When you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not wholly reap the corners of your field when you reap, nor shall you gather any gleaning from your harvest. You shall leave them for the poor and for the stranger: I am the LORD your God.’ ”
The Feast of Trumpets
23Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
24“Speak to the children of Israel, saying: ‘In the pseventh month, on the first day of the month, you shall have a sabbath-rest, qa memorial of blowing of trumpets, a holy convocation.
25‘You shall do no customary work on it; and you shall offer an offering made by fire to the LORD.’ ”
The Day of Atonement
26And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
27r“Also the tenth day of this seventh month shall be the Day of Atonement. It shall be a holy convocation for you; you shall afflict your souls, and offer an offering made by fire to the LORD.
28“And you shall do no work on that same day, for it is the Day of Atonement, sto make atonement for you before the LORD your God.
29“For any person who is not tafflicted in soul on that same day ushall be cut off from his people.
30“And any person who does any work on that same day, vthat person I will destroy from among his people.
31“You shall do no manner of work; it shall be a statute forever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.
32“It shall be to you a sabbath of solemn rest, and you shall 3afflict your souls; on the ninth day of the month at evening, from evening to evening, you shall 4celebrate your sabbath.”
The Feast of Tabernacles
(Num. 29:12–40; Deut. 16:13–17)
33Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
34“Speak to the children of Israel, saying: w‘The fifteenth day of this seventh month shall be the Feast of Tabernacles for seven days to the LORD.
35‘On the first day there shall be a holy convocation. You shall do no customary work on it.
36‘For seven days you shall offer an xoffering made by fire to the LORD. yOn the eighth day you shall have a holy convocation, and you shall offer an offering made by fire to the LORD. It is a zsacred5 assembly, and you shall do no customary work on it.
37a‘These are the feasts of the LORD which you shall proclaim to be holy convocations, to offer an offering made by fire to the LORD, a burnt offering and a grain offering, a sacrifice and drink offerings, everything on its day—
38b‘besides the Sabbaths of the LORD, besides your gifts, besides all your vows, and besides all your freewill offerings which you give to the LORD.
39‘Also on the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you have cgathered in the fruit of the land, you shall keep the feast of the LORD for seven days; on the first day there shall be a sabbath-rest, and on the eighth day a sabbath-rest.
40‘And dyou shall take for yourselves on the first day the 6fruit of beautiful trees, branches of palm trees, the boughs of leafy trees, and willows of the brook; eand you shall rejoice before the LORD your God for seven days.
41f‘You shall keep it as a feast to the LORD for seven days in the year. It shall be a statute forever in your generations. You shall celebrate it in the seventh month.
42g‘You shall dwell in 7booths for seven days. hAll who are native Israelites shall dwell in booths,
43i‘that your generations may jknow that I made the children of Israel dwell in booths when kI brought them out of the land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God.’ ”
44So Moses ldeclared to the children of Israel the feasts of the LORD.
Care of the Tabernacle Lamps
1Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:
2a“Command the children of Israel that they bring to you pure oil of pressed olives for the light, to make the lamps burn continually.
3“Outside the veil of the Testimony, in the tabernacle of meeting, Aaron shall be in charge of it from evening until morning before the LORD continually; it shall be a statute forever in your generations.
4“He shall 1be in charge of the lamps on bthe pure gold lampstand before the LORD continually.
The Bread of the Tabernacle
5“And you shall take fine flour and bake twelve ccakes with it. Two-tenths of an ephah shall be in each cake.
6“You shall set them in two rows, six in a row, don the pure gold table before the LORD.
7“And you shall put pure frankincense on each row, that it may be on the bread for a ememorial, an offering made by fire to the LORD.
8f“Every Sabbath he shall set it in order before the LORD continually, being taken from the children of Israel by an everlasting covenant.
9“And git shall be for Aaron and his sons, hand they shall eat it in a holy place; for it is most holy to him from the offerings of the LORD made by fire, by a perpetual statute.”
The Penalty for Blasphemy
10Now the son of an Israelite woman, whose father was an Egyptian, went out among the children of Israel; and this Israelite woman’s son and a man of Israel fought each other in the camp.
11And the Israelite woman’s son iblasphemed the name of the LORD and jcursed; and so they kbrought him to Moses. (His mother’s name was Shelomith the daughter of Dibri, of the tribe of Dan.)
12Then they lput him 2in custody, mthat 3the mind of the LORD might be shown to them.
13And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
14“Take outside the camp him who has cursed; then let all who heard him nlay their hands on his head, and let all the congregation stone him.
15“Then you shall speak to the children of Israel, saying: ‘Whoever curses his God oshall 4bear his sin.
16‘And whoever pblasphemes the name of the LORD shall surely be put to death. All the congregation shall certainly stone him, the stranger as well as him who is born in the land. When he blasphemes the name of the LORD, he shall be put to death.
17q‘Whoever kills any man shall surely be put to death.
18r‘Whoever kills an animal shall make it good, animal for animal.
19‘If a man causes disfigurement of his neighbor, as she has done, so shall it be done to him—
20‘fracture for tfracture, ueye for eye, tooth for tooth; as he has caused disfigurement of a man, so shall it be done to him.
21‘And whoever kills an animal shall restore it; but whoever kills a man shall be put to death.
22‘You shall have vthe5 same law for the stranger and for one from your own country; for I am the LORD your God.’ ”
23Then Moses spoke to the children of Israel; and they took outside the camp him who had cursed, and stoned him with stones. So the children of Israel did as the LORD commanded Moses.
The Sabbath of the Seventh Year
1And the LORD spoke to Moses on Mount aSinai, saying,
2“Speak to the children of Israel, and say to them: ‘When you come into the land which I give you, then the land shall bkeep a sabbath to the LORD.
3‘Six years you shall sow your field, and six years you shall prune your vineyard, and gather its fruit;
4‘but in the cseventh year there shall be a sabbath of solemn drest for the land, a sabbath to the LORD. You shall neither sow your field nor prune your vineyard.
5e‘What grows of its own accord of your harvest you shall not reap, nor gather the grapes of your untended vine, for it is a year of rest for the land.
6‘And the sabbath produce of the land shall be food for you: for you, your male and female servants, your hired man, and the stranger who dwells with you,
7‘for your livestock and the beasts that are in your land—all its produce shall be for food.
The Year of Jubilee
8‘And you shall count seven sabbaths of years for yourself, seven times seven years; and the time of the seven sabbaths of years shall be to you forty-nine years.
9‘Then you shall cause the trumpet of the Jubilee to sound on the tenth day of the seventh month; fon the Day of Atonement you shall make the trumpet to sound throughout all your land.
10‘And you shall consecrate the fiftieth year, and gproclaim liberty throughout all the land to all its inhabitants. It shall be a Jubilee for you; hand each of you shall return to his possession, and each of you shall return to his family.
11‘That fiftieth year shall be a Jubilee to you; in it iyou shall neither sow nor reap what grows of its own accord, nor gather the grapes of your untended vine.
12‘For it is the Jubilee; it shall be holy to you; jyou shall eat its produce from the field.
13k‘In this Year of Jubilee, each of you shall return to his possession.
14‘And if you sell anything to your neighbor or buy from your neighbor’s hand, you shall not loppress one another.
15m‘According to the number of years after the Jubilee you shall buy from your neighbor, and according to the number of years of crops he shall sell to you.
16‘According to the multitude of years you shall increase its price, and according to the fewer number of years you shall diminish its price; for he sells to you according to the number of the years of the crops.
17‘Therefore nyou shall not 1oppress one another, obut you shall fear your God; for I am the LORD your God.
Provisions for the Seventh Year
18p‘So you shall observe My statutes and keep My judgments, and perform them; qand you will dwell in the land in safety.
19‘Then the land will yield its fruit, and ryou will eat your fill, and dwell there in safety.
20‘And if you say, s“What shall we eat in the seventh year, since twe shall not sow nor gather in our produce?”
21‘Then I will ucommand My blessing on you in the vsixth year, and it will bring forth produce enough for three years.
22w‘And you shall sow in the eighth year, and eat xold produce until the ninth year; until its produce comes in, you shall eat of the old harvest.
Redemption of Property
23‘The land shall not be sold permanently, for ythe land is Mine; for you are zstrangers and sojourners with Me.
24‘And in all the land of your possession you shall grant redemption of the land.
25a‘If one of your brethren becomes poor, and has sold some of his possession, and if bhis redeeming relative comes to redeem it, then he may redeem what his brother sold.
26‘Or if the man has no one to redeem it, but he himself becomes able to redeem it,
27‘then clet him count the years since its sale, and restore the remainder to the man to whom he sold it, that he may return to his possession.
28‘But if he is not able to have it restored to himself, then what was sold shall remain in the hand of him who bought it until the Year of Jubilee; dand in the Jubilee it shall be released, and he shall return to his possession.
29‘If a man sells a house in a walled city, then he may redeem it within a whole year after it is sold; within a full year he may redeem it.
30‘But if it is not redeemed within the space of a full year, then the house in the walled city shall belong permanently to him who bought it, throughout his generations. It shall not be released in the Jubilee.
31‘However the houses of villages which have no wall around them shall be counted as the fields of the country. They may be redeemed, and they shall be released in the Jubilee.
32‘Nevertheless ethe cities of the Levites, and the houses in the cities of their possession, the Levites may redeem at any time.
33‘And if a man purchases a house from the Levites, then the house that was sold in the city of his possession shall be released in the Jubilee; for the houses in the cities of the Levites are their possession among the children of Israel.
34‘But fthe field of the common-land of their cities may not be gsold, for it is their perpetual possession.
Lending to the Poor
35‘If one of your brethren becomes poor, and 2falls into poverty among you, then you shall hhelp him, like a stranger or a sojourner, that he may live with you.
36i‘Take no usury or interest from him; but jfear your God, that your brother may live with you.
37‘You shall not lend him your money for usury, nor lend him your food at a profit.
38k‘I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, to give you the land of Canaan and to be your God.
The Law Concerning Slavery
39‘And if one of your brethren who dwells by you becomes poor, and sells himself to you, you shall not compel him to serve as a slave.
40‘As a hired servant and a sojourner he shall be with you, and shall serve you until the Year of Jubilee.
41‘And then he shall depart from you—he and his children lwith him—and shall return to his own family. He shall return to the possession of his fathers.
42‘For they are mMy servants, whom I brought out of the land of Egypt; they shall not be sold as slaves.
43n‘You shall not rule over him owith 3rigor, but you pshall fear your God.
44‘And as for your male and female slaves whom you may have—from the nations that are around you, from them you may buy male and female slaves.
45‘Moreover you may buy qthe children of the strangers who dwell among you, and their families who are with you, which they beget in your land; and they shall become your property.
46‘And ryou may take them as an inheritance for your children after you, to inherit them as a possession; they shall be your permanent slaves. But regarding your brethren, the children of Israel, you shall not rule over one another with rigor.
47‘Now if a sojourner or stranger close to you becomes rich, and one of your brethren who dwells by him becomes poor, and sells himself to the stranger or sojourner close to you, or to a member of the stranger’s family,
48‘after he is sold he may be redeemed again. One of his brothers may redeem him;
49‘or his uncle or his uncle’s son may redeem him; or anyone who is near of kin to him in his family may redeem him; or if he is able he may redeem himself.
50‘Thus he shall reckon with him who bought him: The price of his release shall be according to the number of years, from the year that he was sold to him until the Year of Jubilee; it shall be saccording to the time of a hired servant for him.
51‘If there are still many years remaining, according to them he shall repay the price of his redemption from the money with which he was bought.
52‘And if there remain but a few years until the Year of Jubilee, then he shall reckon with him, and according to his years he shall repay him the price of his redemption.
53‘He shall be with him as a yearly hired servant, and he shall not rule with rigor over him in your sight.
54‘And if he is not redeemed in these years, then he shall be released in the Year of Jubilee—he and his children with him.
55‘For the children of Israel are servants to Me; they are My servants whom I brought out of the land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God.
Promise of Blessing and Retribution
1‘You shall anot make idols for yourselves;
neither a carved image nor a sacred pillar shall you rear up for yourselves;
nor shall you set up an engraved stone in your land, to bow down to it;
for I am the LORD your God.
2bYou shall 1keep My Sabbaths and reverence My sanctuary:
I am the LORD.
3c‘If you walk in My statutes and keep My commandments, and perform them,
4dthen I will give you rain in its season, ethe land shall yield its produce, and the trees of the field shall yield their fruit.
5fYour threshing shall last till the time of vintage, and the vintage shall last till the time of sowing;
you shall eat your bread to the full, and gdwell in your land safely.
6hI will give peace in the land, and iyou shall lie down, and none will make you afraid;
I will rid the land of jevil2 beasts,
and kthe sword will not go through your land.
7You will chase your enemies, and they shall fall by the sword before you.
8lFive of you shall chase a hundred, and a hundred of you shall put ten thousand to flight;
your enemies shall fall by the sword before you.
9‘For I will mlook on you favorably and nmake you fruitful, multiply you and confirm My ocovenant with you.
10You shall eat the pold harvest, and clear out the old because of the new.
11qI will set My 3tabernacle among you, and My soul shall not abhor you.
12rI will walk among you and be your God, and you shall be My people.
13I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, that you should not be their slaves;
I have broken the bands of your syoke and made you walk 4upright.
14‘But if you do not obey Me, and do not observe all these commandments,
15and if you despise My statutes, or if your soul abhors My judgments, so that you do not perform all My commandments, but break My covenant,
16I also will do this to you:
I will even appoint terror over you, twasting disease and fever which shall uconsume the eyes and vcause sorrow of heart.
And wyou shall sow your seed 5in vain, for your enemies shall eat it.
17I will 6set xMy face against you, and yyou shall be defeated by your enemies.
zThose who hate you shall reign over you, and you shall aflee when no one pursues you.
18‘And after all this, if you do not obey Me, then I will punish you bseven times more for your sins.
19I will cbreak the pride of your power;
I dwill make your heavens like iron and your earth like bronze.
20And your estrength shall be spent in vain;
for your fland shall not yield its produce, nor shall the trees of the land yield their fruit.
21‘Then, if you walk contrary to Me, and are not willing to obey Me, I will bring on you seven times more plagues, according to your sins.
22gI will also send wild beasts among you, which shall rob you of your children, destroy your livestock, and make you few in number;
and hyour highways shall be desolate.
23‘And if iby these things you are not reformed by Me, but walk contrary to Me,
24jthen I also will walk contrary to you, and I will punish you yet seven times for your sins.
25And kI will bring a sword against you that will execute the vengeance of the covenant;
when you are gathered together within your cities lI will send pestilence among you;
and you shall be delivered into the hand of the enemy.
26mWhen I have cut off your supply of bread, ten women shall bake your bread in one oven, and they shall bring back your bread by weight, nand you shall eat and not be satisfied.
27‘And after all this, if you do not obey Me, but walk contrary to Me,
28then I also will walk contrary to you in fury;
and I, even I, will chastise you seven times for your sins.
29oYou7 shall eat the flesh of your sons, and you shall eat the flesh of your daughters.
30pI will destroy your high places, cut down your incense altars, and cast your carcasses on the lifeless forms of your idols;
and My soul shall abhor you.
31I will lay your qcities waste and rbring your sanctuaries to desolation, and I will not ssmell the fragrance of your 8sweet aromas.
32tI will bring the land to desolation, and your enemies who dwell in it shall be astonished at it.
33uI will scatter you among the nations and draw out a sword after you;
your land shall be desolate and your cities waste.
34vThen the land shall enjoy its sabbaths as long as it lies desolate and you are in your enemies’ land;
then the land shall rest and enjoy its sabbaths.
35As long as it lies desolate it shall rest—
for the time it did not rest on your wsabbaths when you dwelt in it.
36‘And as for those of you who are left, I will send xfaintness9 into their hearts in the lands of their enemies;
the sound of a shaken leaf shall cause them to flee;
they shall flee as though fleeing from a sword, and they shall fall when no one pursues.
37yThey shall stumble over one another, as it were before a sword, when no one pursues;
and zyou shall have no power to stand before your enemies.
38You shall aperish among the nations, and the land of your enemies shall eat you up.
39And those of you who are left bshall 10waste away in their iniquity in your enemies’ lands;
also in their cfathers’ iniquities, which are with them, they shall waste away.
40‘But dif they confess their iniquity and the iniquity of their fathers, with their unfaithfulness in which they were unfaithful to Me, and that they also have walked contrary to Me,
41and that I also have walked contrary to them and have brought them into the land of their enemies;
if their euncircumcised hearts are fhumbled, and they gaccept their guilt—
42then I will hremember My covenant with Jacob, and My covenant with Isaac and My covenant with Abraham I will remember;
I will iremember the land.
43jThe land also shall be left empty by them, and will enjoy its sabbaths while it lies desolate without them;
they will accept their guilt, because they kdespised My judgments and because their soul abhorred My statutes.
44Yet for all that, when they are in the land of their enemies, lI will not cast them away, nor shall I abhor them, to utterly destroy them and break My covenant with them;
for I am the LORD their God.
45But mfor their sake I will remember the covenant of their ancestors, nwhom I brought out of the land of Egypt oin the sight of the nations, that I might be their God:
I am the LORD.’ ”
46pThese are the statutes and judgments and laws which the LORD made between Himself and the children of Israel qon Mount Sinai by the hand of Moses.