Page numbers refer to the print edition but are hyperlinked to the appropriate location in the e-book.
Africa: agricultural sector and,
186; challenges faced by,
163; development experience in,
2–5; financial crises in,
200,
200; growth turnaround in,
1,
165,
165; as heterogeneous,
179–80; institutions and governance and,
7–9; Latin American lessons for,
179–91; Latin America similarities with,
180–81; lost quarter century of,
2–4; manufacturing intensity and,
167,
167; middle class consumers and,
168–69; overview about,
162–63,
164; R&D intensity in,
170,
170–71; reforms, pacing and sequencing of,
5–7; trade and,
167–68,
168. See also specific case study;
specific topicAfrican Center for Economic Transformation (ACET),
2African Development Bank (AfDB),
210African Guarantee Fund (AGF),
210–11“Africa’s Rise: How Real is the Rise of Africa?” (
The Economist),
1Afro-pessimism: arguments for,
33–34; bureaucratic capabilities and,
43–46; climate factors and,
33,
34–35; conclusions,
48–49; criticisms of,
34–38; cultural factors and,
33–34,
37–38; development transformation and,
16–17; DNTTAH argument,
43–46; geography factors and,
33,
35–36; historical factors and,
33,
36–37; natural resources and,
38–41; overview about,
16–17,
32; political economy considerations,
41–43Agricultural Development-Led Industrialization (ADLI),
124aid: effectiveness,
269,
284–86; endogeneity problems and,
285,
290n17; growth and,
231,
254nn3–4; NAT and,
275,
289n7; ODA,
268; PASDEP,
119n2,
124,
152–53; productivity measure,
283–84aid allocation, optimal: CPR and,
281; criteria for,
281,
289n13; poverty and,
270All African Leather Fair (AALF),
132Angola: credit extension and,
213,
213,
215; growth turnaround in,
1Assessing Aid (World Bank),
270
Association of African Central Banks (AACB),
221Automobile Development Committee,
64
Bangladesh garment industry: conclusions about,
95–96; endowments changes in,
75–77; infrastructure upgrading and,
77; institutions facilitating,
77–79; learning, knowledge, and capabilities and,
73–75; overview about,
73; summary,
79,
80; women in,
74–77bank. See specific bank
Bank for International Settlements (BIS),
202Benin: access to bank loans,
209; credit extension and,
213,
213,
215bottom-up policy model,
177,
178Brazil: agricultural sector in,
186; BNDES and,
186–87; capability and,
190; emerging economies and,
175; green solutions and,
189; horizontal measures and,
183; industrial policy resurgence in,
181; PRODECER and,
69,
70; R&D intensity in,
170,
171; science, technology, and innovation and,
184; sectoral technology funds and,
187; trade and,
167,
168. See also Cerrado miracleBrazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA),
68,
69–71,
186Brazilian Enterprise for Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (EMBRATER),
70Burkina Faso: access to bank loans,
209; credit extension and,
213,
213,
215Burundi: access to bank loans,
209; credit extension and,
213,
213,
215
Cameroon: access to bank loans,
209; credit extension and,
213,
213,
215capability: Afro-pessimism and,
43–46; Bangladesh garment industry and,
73–75; Brazil and,
190; Cerrado miracle and,
69–70; Chile and,
84–85,
190; Chile’s salmon industry and,
84–85; knowledge-based,
176; Latin America and,
190; learning and,
54–55; Singapore and,
90–92; Thailand’s automobile industry and,
60–62.
See also technological capabilitycapacity: in cut flowers industries,
157; in leather goods industries,
157capacity development (CD): EHDA and,
149–50; learning and,
54–55; systems thinking and,
96n2case studies: Bangladesh garment industry,
73–79,
80,
95–96; Cerrado miracle,
67–71,
72,
95–96; Chile’s salmon industry,
81–87,
88,
95–96,
97n16; conclusions,
95–96,
155–59; cut flower industries,
141–55; leather goods industry,
126–41; research questions for,
59; Singapore,
89–93,
94,
95–96; Thailand’s automobile industry,
59–65,
66,
95–96,
97n5,
97n7,
97n11Central Africa Republic: access to bank loans,
209; credit extension and,
213,
213,
215Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN),
215Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI),
134Cerrado Agricultural Research Center (CPAC),
68Cerrado miracle: conclusions about,
95–96; institutions facilitating,
70–71; knowledge and capabilities accumulation,
69–70; overview about,
67; PRODECER and,
69,
70; soybeans and,
68–69; summary,
71,
72; technological innovation and,
67–69; transport infrastructure and,
68Chad: access to bank loans,
209; credit extension and,
213,
213,
215; growth in,
1,
25n1Chile,
181; capability and,
84–85,
190; horizontal measures and,
183; natural resource rents and,
187–88Chilean Association of Salmon and Trout Producers (APSTCH),
86Chile’s salmon industry: conclusions about,
95–96; employment in,
81,
97n16; endowment change in,
81–84; institutions facilitating,
85–87; Japan-Chile Salmon Project,
82,
84,
85–86; learning, knowledge, and capabilities and,
84–85; overview,
81; summary,
87,
88China: Huajian group and,
138–39,
160n4; influence of,
175; lending from,
250,
259n90; manufacturing and,
166,
166,
167,
167; R&D intensity in,
170,
170; reforms in,
6; trade and,
167–68,
168; water and,
249,
259n86CKD. See completely knock down kits
The Clash of Civilizations (Huntington),
33
climate factors: arguments for Afro-pessimism,
33; criticisms of Afro-pessimism,
34–35Collier’s outcomes-based allocation,
282Commission on Growth and Development report (2008),
57comparative advantage: dynamic,
55–56; endowments and,
55–56; Ethiopia and,
156; going beyond,
183–86; government role in changing,
56–58; Latin America and,
183–86; in leather goods industries,
125; natural resources and,
39–41; technological innovation and,
67–69completely knock down (CKD) kits,
61Côte d’Ivoire: credit extension and,
213,
214,
215; growth in,
3Country Performance Rating (CPR),
281Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA),
24; aid effectiveness and,
284–86; aid productivity measure needed for,
283–84; aim of,
271,
289n3; alternative proposals to,
281–83; analyzed,
271–80; conclusions about,
286–87; contemporaneous growth and,
269; CPR and,
281; criteria,
272,
287–88; data description and descriptive statistics,
275,
276; descriptive evidence related to,
272–74,
273; disclosure of,
271; discussion,
286; empirical specification and,
275–76,
277; evolution of,
271–72; ex-ante conditionality and,
274; as growth predictor,
275–80; hidden conditionality and,
274; history,
271–72; IDA and,
271; improving on,
280–86; instrument proliferation and,
278,
289n12; Kanbur’s proposal,
281–83; NAT and,
275,
289n7; new approach to allocation for,
284–86; outliers and,
278,
289n11; overview,
268–69; rating scale,
272,
289n4; related literature,
269–70; relevance of,
274; results of analysis of,
276,
277,
278,
280; revisions of,
289n5; robustness checks and,
278,
280; score lagged one period and,
277,
278; as subjective,
271,
276; summary statistics by decade,
272,
273; summary statistics by region,
273,
273–74; of trade policy,
274cultural factors: arguments for Afro-pessimism,
33–34; criticisms of Afro-pessimism,
37–38cut flower industries: bankruptcies in,
148; capacity building in,
157; CD and,
149–50; commercial banks and,
146,
160n6; company differentiation and,
157–58; DBE and,
158–59; DBE initiatives for,
147; DBE problems with,
146–47; DBE role in,
145–47; dialogue, continuous, in,
158; disadvantage of,
125; EHDA role in,
149–51; EHPEA and,
143,
147,
152; employment levels in,
153,
153–54; finance and,
145–47,
158–59; financial crisis and,
148–49; financing modalities employed for,
146; five year plan and,
144; flower breeding and,
150; foreign companies and,
158; government intervention in,
126,
144–45,
148–49; growth pattern in,
124; history,
142,
144; industrial policy in,
144–45; Integrated Capacity Building Program and,
149–50; investment support for,
150–51; land and,
150–51,
153,
153–54,
160n7; lessons learned,
157–59; market promotion for,
151; overview,
19–20,
142–44; participants and products in,
143; PASDEP and,
152–53; pay and working conditions in,
154; performance of,
152,
152–54; potential of,
141–42; as priority sector,
145–46,
160n5; problems in,
142; regulation and,
157; summary about,
154–55; timeline,
144; value chain,
142,
143; volume and value of export in,
152,
152
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI),
193n2Desh Garment Company,
73–75Detroit of Asia vision,
63–64Development Bank of Ethiopia (DBE): commercial banks and,
146,
160n6; conclusions about,
158–59; cut flower industries and,
145–47,
158–59; financial crisis and,
148–49; financing modalities employed by,
146; five year plans and,
146; initiatives of,
147; leather goods industries and,
140,
158–59; priority sectors and,
145–46,
160n5; problems faced by,
146–47; role of,
145–47development transformation: Afro-pessimism and,
16–17; disaggregating learning and,
18–19; exchange rate policy and,
15; outstanding cases overview,
17–18diffusion-oriented system,
110disaggregating learning,
18–19do not try this at home (DNTTAH): argument,
43–46; best practice and,
45–46; difficulty factor and,
44; economic expertise and,
44–45,
49n1; high-quality bureaucracies and,
45; rule changes and,
46–48dynamic comparative advantage,
55–56
“The East Asian Miracle” (World Bank),
103Eastern Seaboard Development Committee (ESDC),
64Eastern Seaboard Development Plan,
63,
97n11École Nationale d’Administration (ENA),
43Economic Development Board (EDB),
92–93economic performance, 1990–2011,
232–34economy: ACET,
2; DNTTAH and,
44–45,
49n1; emerging,
175; Ethiopia’s liberalization of,
129–30; governance and,
123–24; green,
178,
189,
238; NSE,
104; OECD and,
163; OECF and,
103; rural,
240,
257nn55–56; South Africa slowdown in,
204.
See also global economic landscape;
political economyemployment: in Chile’s salmon industry,
81,
97n16; in cut flower industries,
153,
153–54; in leather goods industries,
136,
137; Observatory on Employment,
191; unemployment,
257n49endowments: Bangladesh garment industry and,
75–77; Chile’s salmon industry and,
81–84; comparative advantage and,
55–56; government role in changing,
56–58; technological innovation and,
67–69; typology of development and,
58–59Engineering Capacity Building Program (ECBP),
110Ethio-International Footwear Cluster Cooperative Society (EIFCCOS),
133Ethiopia: access to bank loans,
209; background of program in,
109–10; bonded manufacturing warehouse in,
130,
259n2; business-friendly policies in,
129–30; comparative advantage and,
156; conclusions about projects in,
117,
119,
155–59; coordination and capacity development and,
115–16; credit extension and,
213,
214,
215; development bank and,
13,
26n22; economic liberalization in,
129–30; experts and,
117,
118; exports,
234; Export Trade Incentive Scheme Establishing Proclamation in,
259n2; governance and,
2,
114,
124; growth in,
1,
3; impacts of program in,
111–17,
112,
113; industrial policy dialogue in,
110–11,
119n3;
kaizen pilot project in,
111; labor unions and,
154; land and,
160n7; learning approach regarding,
107–9,
108; outline of program in,
110–11; overview about,
18–20; pilot project impacts,
112,
112–13,
113; policy and management capital learning in,
107–17,
118; policy learning planning and,
115; policy scope expansion in,
116–17; priority sectors in,
160n5; program components,
109; quality and productivity and,
115; reforms and,
5–6,
25n5; voucher scheme in,
130,
259n2.
See also cut flower industries;
Development Bank of Ethiopia;
leather goods industriesEthiopian Horticulture Development Agency (EHDA),
147,
148; CD and,
149–50; cut flower industries role of,
149–51; Integrated Capacity Building Program and,
149–50; investment support of,
150–51; market promotion of,
151; as service agency,
149–51Ethiopian Horticulture Producers and Exporters Association (EHPEA),
143,
147,
152Ethiopian Leather Industries Association (ELIA),
131Ethiopian Tanners’ Association,
131Etounga-Manguelle, Daniel,
33–34European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD),
288n1ex-ante conditionality,
274Export Trade Incentive Scheme Establishing Proclamation,
259n2
finance: commercial banks and,
146,
160n6; cut flower industries and,
145–47; financial crisis and,
148–49; five year plans and,
146; Latin America and,
186–88; markets and,
145; modalities,
146; natural resource rents and,
187–88; overview,
22–23; sectoral technology funds and,
187; too much,
202financial crisis: in Africa,
200,
200; capital formation and,
199,
199; cut flower industries and,
148–49; developing countries and,
198–201,
199,
200; disaster myopia and,
200; finance and,
148–49; global economic landscape and,
174; tax revenue and,
199.
See also Nigerian banking crisisfinancial sector: analysis areas,
201–23; asset composition in,
212,
225n1; capital flows and,
222–23; conclusions about,
223–25; credit extension in,
213,
213–16; development and growth,
198–201; financial deepening and,
212,
213; foreign banks and,
216–17; global financial crisis and,
198–201,
199,
200; Global Financial Stability Report and,
207; innovations in,
220; macroprudential policy and,
221–22; Mauritius and,
203,
205–6; Mozambique and,
206,
206–7; nonbanking institutions and,
219; overview,
197–98; private banks,
218–19; private credit extension in,
203–7,
204,
205,
206; public debt markets and,
219–20; public development banks,
218; regional/cross-border issues in,
222; regulation challenges,
220–23; research and questions,
217–20; size and structure of,
201–20; SMEs and,
60,
64,
207–12,
208,
209,
211; South Africa and,
203–4,
204; speculative bubbles and,
202–3; too much finance in,
202Fishery Promotion Institute (IFOP),
84,
85Footwear Design and Development Institute (FDDI),
134foreign direct investment (FDI),
4; Latin America and,
185; in Mauritius,
205; technology and innovation and,
241; top destinations of Chinese,
168,
168
general purpose technologies (GPTs),
90geography factors: arguments for Afro-pessimism,
33; criticisms of Afro-pessimism,
35–36Ghana: credit extension and,
213,
214,
215; growth in,
3global economic landscape: changing,
164–71; China influencing,
175; development policy changes and,
171–79; economic thinking and,
171–73; financial crisis and,
174,
198–201,
199,
200; geography of growth in,
165–69; geography of learning and innovation,
169–71; green economy and,
178; growth in,
165–69; industrial policies, new interest in,
173–79,
177; knowledge-based capabilities and,
176; manufacturing and,
166,
166–67,
167; middle class consumers and,
168–69; overview,
162–64; production structure and,
172; R&D intensity,
169–71,
170; shift in,
165,
165; trade and,
167–68,
168; World Economic Forum’s Enabling Trade Index,
256n34Global Financial Stability Report (IMF),
207good governance (GG),
8–9governance: comparative advantage and,
56–58; in cut flower industries,
126,
144–45,
148–49; economic transformation and,
123–24; Ethiopia and,
2,
114,
124; GG,
8–9; institutions and,
7–9;
kaizen and,
114; Latin America and,
182–83; in leather goods industries,
125,
134–39,
140–41; LGED,
76,
97n13; loans and,
26n18; planning functions and,
182–83; proper,
14–15; Rwanda and,
2; WC and,
3–4growth: agriculture and,
248–49,
259n84; aid and,
231,
254nn3–4; Bangladesh,
26n21; Botswana,
3,
253n1; Chad,
1,
25n1; climate change and,
237–38; Commission on Growth and Development report,
57; concluding observations about,
250–53; conflict and,
236–37,
256nn35–36; Côte d’Ivoire,
3; CPIA and,
269,
275–80; credit,
215–16; in cut flower industries,
124; demand driving,
241; democracy and,
237,
243–44,
257n63; Doing Business indicators and,
232,
255n17; economic performance, 1990–2011,
232–34; education and,
248,
258n78,
258n82; Ethiopia,
1,
3; export-oriented industrialization and,
239–40; exports and,
233–34,
239–40,
246,
258nn75–76; factor productivity and,
232; FDI and,
241; financial sector,
198–201; Ghana,
3; in global economic landscape,
165–69; globalization preservation and,
235–36; global public goods contribution and,
234–41; health and,
248,
258n81; household consumption and,
233; ICOR and,
255n22; infrastructure deficit and,
233,
255n22; innovation system and,
247–49; institutions and,
236–37; investment rate and,
254n14; labor and,
242,
257n60; learning system and,
247–49; in leather goods industries,
124,
135,
135–36; manufacturing and,
251,
259n94; Mauritius,
3,
253n1; minerals and petroleum and,
254n10; mobile phones and,
255n16; Mozambique,
1,
3; natural resources and,
238–39; Nigeria,
1; overview about,
230–32,
234; political stability and,
236–37,
256n39; political system and,
243–44,
257nn61–63; population and,
239,
257n60; potential, raising of,
234–41; remittances and,
232–33,
255n19; resource mobilization and,
245–47; rural economy and,
240,
257nn55–56; Rwanda,
1,
3; school completion and,
233; state capacity and,
244–45; sustainable,
242–50; Tanzania,
3; technology and innovation and,
241; turnaround,
1,
165,
165; urban systems and,
249–50,
259n88; youth dividend and,
239,
257n48Guinea: access to bank loans,
209; credit extension and,
213,
214,
215
hard infrastructure,
55–56hidden conditionality,
274historical factors: arguments for Afro-pessimism,
33; criticisms of Afro-pessimism,
36–37household consumption,
233human resource development,
90–92
import substitution industrialization (ISI),
31incremental capital output ratio (ICOR),
255n22India: green revolution and,
25n10; trade and,
167,
168Industrial Development Strategy (IDS),
130industrial estates (IEs),
62Industrial Investment Promotion Act,
61industrial policy: Africa sidestepped in,
32; Brazil and,
181; in cut flower industries,
144–45; defined,
9,
96n1; Ethiopia and,
110–11,
119n3; export-oriented industrialization and,
239–40; features of contemporary,
177; interest in, renewed,
173–79,
177; in leather goods industries,
129–34; literature review,
103–5; rising interest in,
30–32; studies,
53.
See also learning, industrial, and technology policies;
specific topicinequality, briberization and,
25n14infrastructure: Bangladesh garment industry and,
77; Cerrado miracle and,
68; deficit,
233,
255n22; Eastern Seaboard,
62–63; hard and soft,
55–56; Programme for Infrastructure Development,
258n70innovation: Brazil and,
184; comparative advantage and,
67–69; FDI and,
241; in financial sector,
220; geography of learning and,
169–71; growth and,
241,
247–49; Latin America and,
184; Ministry of Science, Technology, and Productive Innovation,
181,
190; SPRING,
92,
93; system,
247–49; in technology,
67–69,
181,
184,
190,
241Integrated Capacity Building Program,
149–50International Development Assistance (IDA),
271; criteria for,
281,
289n13; new category proposed for,
281,
290n14International Monetary Fund (IMF),
207intitiative-based policy model,
177,
178“Issues Related to the World Bank’s Approach to Structural Adjustment” (OECF),
103
Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC),
56,
58Japan-Brazil Cooperation Program for Cerrados Development (PRODECER),
69,
70Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA),
56,
58,
84–85Jurong Town Corporation (JTC),
93
kaizen (productivity and quality improvement): defined,
96n3; government support for,
114; guiding principles of,
119n4; industrial strategy and,
55,
96n3; pilot project for,
111; Tanzania and,
106
knowledge: Bangladesh garment industry and,
73–75; capability and,
176; Cerrado miracle and,
69–70; Chile’s salmon industry and,
84–85; learning and,
54–55; Singapore and,
90–92; Thailand’s automobile industry and,
60–62knowledge sharing program (KSP),
107Korean Development Institute (KDI),
107
Latin America,
25n4; Africa similarities with,
180–81; agricultural sector,
186; BNDES and,
186–87; comparative advantage and,
183–86; conclusions about,
191–93; CPIA summary statistics on,
273; eight points about,
182–91; evaluation and,
190–91; failure and,
163,
193n1; FDI and,
185; finance and,
186–88; financial crisis and,
174; government planning functions and,
182–83; green solutions and,
189; horizontal measures and,
183–84; lessons for Africa from,
179–91; middle class consumers and,
168–69; natural resource rents and,
187–88; overview about,
21–22,
163–64; public procurement and,
185; R&D intensity in,
170,
170–71; science, technology, and innovation and,
184; sectoral dimension and,
183; sectoral technology funds and,
187; stakeholder clarification in,
188; start-ups and,
185; state capabilities and,
190; territories mobilization in,
188–89; trust building and,
188; WC and,
21–22,
193n1L/C. See letter of credit system
learning: Bangladesh garment industry and,
73–75; capability and,
54–55; CD and,
54–55; Chile’s salmon industry and,
84–85; comprehensive approach to,
107–9,
108; cut flower industries and,
157–59; disaggregating,
18–19; in Ethiopia,
107–17,
108,
118; gaps in,
102–3; global economic landscape and,
169–71; growth and,
247–49; industrial strategy and,
54–55; knowledge and,
54–55; leather goods industries and,
140,
157–59; literature review,
105,
106–7; market failures regarding,
9,
25n9; planning and managerial skills and,
103; static efficiency and,
10; structure of,
108. See also policy learninglearning, industrial, and technology (LIT) policies,
10; desirability of,
11; development bank and,
13–14,
26n17; finance and,
12–13; WC and,
10least developed countries (LDCs): subsidies and,
47,
49n3; tariffs and,
47,
49n2Leather and Leather Products Technology Institute (LLPTI),
132leather goods industries: ban affecting,
128; benchmarking exercise in,
134; capacity building in,
157; capacity utilization and,
129; company differentiation and,
157–58; comparative advantage in,
125; DBE and,
140,
158–59; dialogue, continuous, in,
158; EIFCCOS and,
133; ELIA and,
131–32; employment in,
136,
137; export earnings from,
135,
135–36; export taxes and,
136; finance and,
158–59; footwear sector of,
138; foreign companies and,
158; foreign competition and,
159n3; foreign investments in,
137; government intervention in,
125,
134–39,
140–41; growth pattern in,
124,
135,
135–36; history,
128–29,
135; imports and,
140; industrial policy in,
129–34; interventions and outcomes in,
134–39; land and,
140; learning from abroad and,
140; lessons learned,
157–59; Made in Ethiopia project and,
133; manufacturing sector of,
138; micro- and small-scale shoemakers and,
133; MoI and,
132–33; overview of,
127–29,
128; potential of,
126–27; regulation and,
157; summary,
139–41; supply chain problems,
130–31; support packages in,
137; tannery sector of,
137; tax policy and,
140–41; Technical Assistance Project for the Upgrading of the Ethiopian Leather and Leather Products Industry,
133–34; timeline,
135; value addition in,
136,
137; value chain products and participants,
128Leather Industry Development Institute (LIDI),
132,
133leather processing,
19–20letter of credit (L/C) system,
78loans: government intervention and,
26n18; SMEs access to,
209,
209–10local contents requirement (LCR),
61–62,
97n7local Gaussian-weighted ordinary least squares method,
269Local Government Engineering Department (LGED),
76,
97n13Logistics Performance Index,
256n34
macroprudential policy,
221–22Madagascar: access to bank loans,
209; credit extension and,
213,
214,
215Made in Ethiopia project,
133Making Finance Work for Africa (AACB & Bank of Uganda),
221
Mali: access to bank loans,
209; credit extension and,
213,
214,
215managerial capital: disaggregation and,
108,
109; in Ethiopia,
107–17,
118; literature review,
105–6; policy learning and,
107manufacturing: bonded manufacturing warehouse,
130,
259n2; developing economies,
167,
167; global economic landscape and,
166,
166–67,
167; growth and,
251,
259n94; leather goods industries and,
138; OECD and,
166–67; world top twenty in,
166,
166Mauritania: access to bank loans,
209; credit extension and,
213,
214,
215Mauritius: credit extension and,
203,
205–6,
213,
214,
215; FDI in,
205; growth,
3,
253n1; private credit extension in,
203,
205–6middle class consumers,
168–69Millennium Development Goals (MDGs),
271Ministry of Science, Technology, and Productive Innovation,
181,
190Ministry of Trade and Industry (MoI),
116,
132–33mission-oriented system,
110Mozambique: access to bank loans,
209; credit extension and,
213,
214,
215; growth,
1,
3; private credit extension in,
206,
206–7Multi-Annual Industrial Transformation Plans,
192
National Development Bank (BNDES),
186–87National Fishery Services (SERNAPESCA),
84,
85,
86National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies of Japan (GRIPS),
109National Productivity Board (NPB),
91,
93natural resource rents,
187–88natural resources: Afro-pessimism and,
38–41; comparative advantage and,
39–41; development of,
26n15; growth and,
238–39; politics, perverse, and,
41negative interest rates,
26n16neo-liberalism: capture and corruption and,
11–12; WC and,
3neopatrimonial politics,
41New Automobile Investment Policy,
64new structural economics (NSE),
104Niger: access to bank loans,
209; credit extension and,
213,
214,
215Nigeria: credit extension and,
213,
214,
215; growth turnaround in,
1Nigerian banking crisis: credit growth and,
215–16; as outlier,
200Nippon Suisan Kaisha,
83–84nonagricultural market access (NAMA),
49n2nonbanking institutions,
219
Observatory for Science and Technology (OCyT),
191Observatory on Employment,
191Official Development Aid (ODA),
268Ordinary Least Squares (OLS),
276,
277Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD),
163,
166–67outcomes-based allocation,
270; aid effectiveness and,
284–86; Collier’s,
282; conclusions about,
286–87; discussion,
286; Kanbur’s proposal of,
281–83; new approach to,
284–86Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund (OECF),
103
patent law: design details and,
25n11; learning and static efficiency and,
10payments for progress,
270performance-based measures: Kanbur’s proposal of,
281–83; overview,
268–69plan-based policy model,
177,
178Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty (PASDEP),
119n2,
124,
152–53policy learning: coordination and capacity development and,
115–16; disaggregation and,
108,
108–9; in Ethiopia,
107–17,
108,
118; implementation,
115–16; managerial capital and,
107; policy scope expansion and,
116–17; private firms and,
107–8; quality and productivity and,
115; structure of,
108; TC and,
106policy performance: CPIA analyzed regarding,
271–80; EBRD and,
288n1; overview about,
269–70; related literature,
269–70political economy: Afro-pessimism and,
41–43; Botswana and,
257n61; developed countries,
43; leadership and,
42; three aspects regarding,
42private credit extension: in Mauritius,
203,
205–6; in middle- and high-income countries,
203,
204; in Mozambique,
206,
206–7; in South Africa,
203–4,
204private firms: disaggregation and,
108,
109; policy learning and,
107–8; structure of learning and,
108privatization, briberization and,
25n14production structure,
172productivity and quality improvement.
See kaizenProductivity and Standards Board (PSB),
91–92,
93Programme for Infrastructure Development,
258n70Program of Guided Settlement of Alto Paranaiba (PADAP),
69public development banks,
218
reforms: China’s,
6; Ethiopia’s,
5–6,
25n5; pacing and sequencing of,
5–7Rwanda: access to bank loans,
209; credit extension and,
213,
214,
215; government intervention and,
2; growth,
1,
3
score lagged one period,
277,
278sectoral technology funds,
187Sierra Leone: access to bank loans,
209; credit extension and,
213,
214,
215Singapore,
174; conclusions about,
95–96; human resource development in,
90–92; institutions enabling transformation in,
92–93; knowledge and capabilities and,
90–92; overview about,
89; summary about,
93,
94Singaporean Committee on Productivity,
90–91Singapore Productivity Development Project (SPDP),
91soft infrastructure,
55–56South Africa,
192,
193n2; access to bank loans,
209; credit extension and,
213,
214,
215; economic slowdown in,
204; exports,
234; housing boom in,
203; private credit extension in,
203–4,
204Souza, Plínio Itamar de Mello de,
68speculative bubbles,
202–3Standards, Productivity, and Innovation Board (SPRING),
92,
93state-society relationship,
42
Tanzania: credit extension and,
213,
214,
215; exports,
234; growth in,
3;
kaizen and,
106Technical Assistance Project for the Upgrading of the Ethiopian Leather and Leather Products Industry,
133–34technological capability (TC): elements of,
105; Meles and,
109–10; policy learning and,
106technology: Brazil and,
184,
187; FDI and,
241; gaps,
245,
258n71; GPTs,
90; innovation in,
67–69,
181,
184,
190,
241; LLPTI,
132; Ministry of Science, Technology, and Productive Innovation,
181,
190; OCyT,
191; sectoral technology funds,
187.
See also learning, industrial, and technology policiesThailand’s automobile industry: clusters and,
62; complexity and,
60,
97n5; conclusions about,
95–96; Detroit of Asia vision,
63–64; Eastern Seaboard infrastructure,
62–63; IEs and,
62; institutions helping develop,
64–65,
97n11; knowledge and capabilities accumulation,
60–62; LRC and,
61–62,
97n7; other factors influencing,
65; overview about,
59–60; policy measures,
61–62; summary,
65,
66Togo: access to bank loans,
209; credit extension and,
213,
214,
215top-down policy model,
177,
178total factor productivity (TFP),
245–46trade: behind-the-border impediments and,
236; CPIA and,
274; DTI,
193n2; Export Trade Incentive Scheme Establishing Proclamation,
259n2; global economic landscape and,
167–68,
168; globalization and,
256n31; issues faced in,
256n34; MoI,
116,
132–33; murky protectionism and,
235; World Economic Forum’s Enabling Trade Index,
256n34; WTO,
46–48,
49nn2–3trade-related intellectual property rights (TRIPS),
47,
48trade-related investment measures (TRIMS),
47–48
United Nations General Assembly (UNGA),
268,
279,
280United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO),
132–33United States, UNGA votes and,
279,
280
World Economic Forum’s Enabling Trade Index,
256n34