REFERENCES

Please note that some of the links referenced throughout this work are no longer active.

1  D. Ornish, S. E. Brown, L. W. Scherwitz, et al., “Can Lifestyle Changes Reverse Coronary Heart Disease? The Lifestyle Heart Trial,” Lancet 336, no. 8707 (1990): 129–33.

2  J. W. Anderson and K. Ward, “High-Carbohydrate, High-Fiber Diets for Insulin-Treated Men with Diabetes Mellitus,” Am J Clin Nutr 32, no. 11 (1979): 2312–21.

3  Kaiser Permanente, “The Plant-Based Diet: A Healthier Way to Eat,” https://share.kaiserpermanente.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/The-Plant-Based-Diet-booklet.pdf. 2013, accessed April 10, 2015.

4  T. Monte and I. Pritikin, Pritikin: The Man Who Healed America’s Heart (Emmaus, PA: Rodale Press; 1988).

5  D. Mozaffarian, E. J. Benjamin, A. S. Go, et al., “Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2015 Update: A Report from the American Heart Association,” Circulation 131, no. 4 (2015): e29–322.

6  T. C. Campbell, B. Parpia, and J. Chen, “Diet, Lifestyle, and the Etiology of Coronary Artery Disease: The Cornell China Study,” Am J Cardiol 82, no. 10B (1998): 18T–21T.

7  W. A. Thomas, J. N. Davies, R. M. O’Neal, and A. A. Dimakulangan, “Incidence of Myocardial Infarction Correlated with Venous and Pulmonary Thrombosis and Embolism. A Geographic Study Based on Autopsies in Uganda, East Africa and St. Louis, U.S.A.,” Am J Cardiol 5 (1960): 41–47.

8  R. D. Voller and W. B. Strong, “Pediatric Aspects of Atherosclerosis,” Am Heart J 101, no. 6 (1981): 815–36.

9  C. Napoli, F. P. D’Armiento, FP. Mancini, et al., “Fatty Streak Formation Occurs in Human Fetal Aortas and Is Greatly Enhanced by Maternal Hypercholesterolemia. Intimal Accumulation of Low Density Lipoprotein and Its Oxidation Precede Monocyte Recruitment into Early Atherosclerotic Lesions,” J Clin Invest 100, no. 11 (1997): 2680–90.

10  W. F. Enos, R. H. Holmes, and J. Beyer, “Coronary Disease Among United States Soldiers Killed in Action in Korea: Preliminary Report,” J Am Med Assoc 152, no. 12 (1953): 1090–93.

11  R. D. Voller and W. B. Strong, “Pediatric Aspects of Atherosclerosis,” Am Heart J 101, no. 6 (1981): 815–36.

12  D. Ornish, L. W. Scherwitz, J. H. Billings, et al., “Intensive Lifestyle Changes for Reversal of Coronary Heart Disease,” JAMA 280, no. 23 (1998): 2001–7.

13  C. B. Esselstyn Jr, G. Gendy, J. Doyle, M. Golubic, and M. F. Roizen, “A Way to Reverse CAD?” J Fam Pract 63, no. 7 (2014): 356–64b.

14  American Cancer Society, “Cancer Facts and Figures 2015” (Atlanta: American Cancer Society, 2015); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, NHLBI Fact Book, Fiscal Year 2012, http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/factbook/FactBook2012.pdf, February 2013, accessed March 31, 2015.

15  P. Riso, D. Martini, P. Møller, et al., “DNA Damage and Repair Activity After Broccoli Intake in Young Healthy Smokers,” Mutagenesis 25, no. 6 (November 2010): 595–602.

16  I. C. Walda, C. Tabak, H. A. Smit, et al., “Diet and 20-Year Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Mortality in Middle-Aged Men from Three European Countries,” Eur J Clin Nutr 56, no. 7 (2002): 638–43.

17  J. L. Protudjer, G. P. Sevenhuysen, C. D. Ramsey, A. L. Kozyrskyj, and A. B. Becker, “Low Vegetable Intake Is Associated with Allergic Asthma and Moderate-to-Severe Airway Hyperresponsiveness,” Pediatr Pulmonol 47, no. 12 (2012): 1159–69.

18  L. G. Wood, M. L. Garg, J. M. Smart, H. A. Scott, D. Barker, and P. G. Gibson, “Manipulating Antioxidant Intake in Asthma: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” Am J Clin Nutr 96, no. 3 (2012): 534–43.

19  D. Mozaffarian, E. J. Benjamin, A. S. Go, et al., “Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2015 Update: A Report from the American Heart Association,” Circulation 131, no. 4 (2015): e29–322; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Deaths: Final Data for 2013 Table 10, “Number of deaths from 113 selected causes,” National Vital Statistics Report 2016 64, no. 2.

20  D. E. Threapleton, D. C. Greenwood, C. E. Evans, et al., “Dietary Fiber Intake and Risk of First Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis,” Stroke 44, no. 5 (2013): 1360–68.

21  L. D’Elia, G. Barba, F. P. Cappuccio, and P. Strazzullo, “Potassium Intake, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies,” J Am Coll Cardiol 57, no. 10 (2011): 1210–19.

22  J. C. de la Torre, “Alzheimer’s Disease Is Incurable but Preventable,” J Alzheimers Dis 20, no. 3 (2010): 861–70.

23  A. E. Roher, S. L. Tyas, C. L. Maarouf, et al., “Intracranial Atherosclerosis as a Contributing Factor to Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia,” Alzheimers Dement 7, no. 4 (2011): 436–44; M. Yarchoan, S. X. Xie, M. A. Kling, et al., “Cerebrovascular Atherosclerosis Correlates with Alzheimer Pathology in Neurodegenerative Dementias,” Brain 135, part 2 (2012): 3749–56; L. S. Honig, W. Kukull, and R. Mayeux, “Atherosclerosis and AD: Analysis of Data from the US National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center,” Neurology 64, no. 3 (2005): 494–500.

24  L. White, H. Petrovitch, G. W. Ross, et al., Prevalence of Dementia in Older Japanese-American Men in Hawaii: The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study,” JAMA 276, no. 12 (1996): 955–60.

25  H. C. Hendrie, A. Ogunniyi, K. S. Hall, et al., “Incidence of Dementia and Alzheimer Disease in 2 Communities: Yoruba Residing in Ibadan, Nigeria, and African Americans Residing in Indianapolis, Indiana,” JAMA 285, no. 6 (2001): 739–47.

26  V. Chandra, M. Ganguli, R. Pandav, et al., “Prevalence of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias in Rural India: The Indo-US Study,” Neurology 51, no. 4 (1998): 1000–1008.

27  P. S. Shetty, “Nutrition Transition in India,” Public Health Nutr 5, no. 1A (2002): 175–82.

28  American Cancer Society, “Cancer Facts and Figures 2015,” Atlanta: American Cancer Society, 2015.

29  T. T. Macdonald and G. Monteleone, “Immunity, Inflammation, and Allergy in the Gut,” Science 307. no. 5717 (2005): 1920–25.

30  S. Bengmark, M. D. Mesa, and A. Gill, “Plant-Derived Health—The Effects of Turmeric and Curcuminoids,” Nutr Hosp 24, no. 3 (2009): 273–81.

31  A. Hutchins-Wolfbrandt and A. M. Mistry, “Dietary Turmeric Potentially Reduces the Risk of Cancer,” Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 12, no. 12 (2011): 3169–73.

32  International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and Macro International. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), 2005-06: India: Volume. 1. Mumbai: IIPS, 2007. http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FRIND3/FRIND3-Vol1andVol2.pdf

33  American Cancer Society, “Cancer Facts and Figures 2014,” Atlanta: American Cancer Society, 2014.

34  A. C. Thiébaut, L. Jiao, D. T. Silverman, et al., “Dietary Fatty Acids and Pancreatic Cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study,” J Natl Cancer Inst 101, no. 14 (2009): 1001–11.

35  S. Rohrmann, J. Linseisen, U. Nöthlings, et al., “Meat and Fish Consumption and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition,” Int J Cancer 132, no. 3 (2013): 617–24.

36  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Deaths: Final Data for 2013 Table 10.”

37  A. Gibson, J. Edgar, C. Neville, et al., “Effect of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption on Immune Function in Older People: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” Am J Clin Nutr 96, no. 6 (2012): 1429–36.

38  M. Veldhoen, “Direct Interactions Between Intestinal Immune Cells and the Diet,” Cell Cycle 11, no. 3 (February 1, 2012): 426–27.

39  L. S. McAnulty, D. C. Nieman, C. L. Dumke, et al., “Effect of Blueberry Ingestion on Natural Killer Cell Counts, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation Prior to and after 2.5 H of Running,” Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 36, no. 6 (2011): 976–84.

40  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Number (in Millions) of Civilian, Noninstitutionalized Persons with Diagnosed Diabetes, United States, 1980–2011,” http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/prev/national/figpersons.htm, March 28, 2013, accessed May 3, 2015.

41  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Deaths: Final Data for 2013 Table 10.”

42  M. Roden, T. B. Price, G. Perseghin, et al., “Mechanism of Free Fatty Acid–Induced Insulin Resistance in Humans,” J Clin Invest 97, no. 12 (1996): 2859–65.

43  E. Ginter and V. Simko, “Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Pandemic in 21st Century,” Adv Exp Med Biol 771 (2012): 42–50.

44  S. Tonstad, T. Butler, R. Yan, and G. E. Fraser, “Type of Vegetarian Diet, Body Weight, and Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes,” Diabetes Care 32, no. 5 (2009): 791–96.

45  R. C. Mollard, B. L. Luhovyy, S. Panahi, M. Nunez, A. Hanley, and G. H. Anderson, “Regular Consumption of Pulses for 8 Weeks Reduces Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Adults,” Br J Nutr 108, suppl. 1 (2012): S111–22.

46  S. Tonstad, K. Stewart, K. Oda, M. Batech, R. P. Herring, and G. E. Fraser, “Vegetarian Diets and Incidence of Diabetes in the Adventist Health Study-2,” Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 23, no. 4 (2013): 292–99.

47  J. W. Anderson and K. Ward, “High-Carbohydrate, High-Fiber Diets for Insulin-Treated Men with Diabetes Mellitus,” Am J Clin Nutr 32, no. 11 (1979): 2312–21.

48  S. Bromfield and P. Muntner, “High Blood Pressure: The Leading Global Burden of Disease Risk Factor and the Need for Worldwide Prevention Programs,” Curr Hypertens Rep 15, no. 3 (2013): 134–36.

49  S. S. Lim, T. Vos, A. D. Flaxman, et al., “A Comparative Risk Assessment of Burden of Disease and Injury Attributable to 67 Risk Factors and Risk Factor Clusters in 21 Regions, 1990–2010: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010,” Lancet 380, no. 9859 (2012): 2224–60.

50  D. Mozaffarian, E. J. Benjamin, A. S. Go, et al., “Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2015 Update: A Report from the American Heart Association,” Circulation 131, no. 4 (2015): e29–322.

51  T. Nwankwo, S. S. Yoon, V. Burt, and Q. Gu, “Hypertension among Adults in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011–2012,” NCHS Data Brief no. 133 (2013): 1–8.

52  C. P. Donnison, “Blood Pressure in the African Native,” Lancet 213, no. 5497 (1929): 6–7.

53  M. R. Law, J. K. Morris, and N. J. Wald, “Use of Blood Pressure Lowering Drugs in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Meta-analysis of 147 Randomised Trials in the Context of Expectations from Prospective Epidemiological Studies,” BMJ 338 (2009): b1665.

54  P. Tighe, G. Duthie, N. Vaughan, et al., “Effect of Increased Consumption of Whole-Grain Foods on Blood Pressure and Other Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Healthy Middle-Aged Persons: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” Am J Clin Nutr 92, no. 4 (2010): 733–40.

55  D. L. McKay, C. Y. Chen, E. Saltzman, and J. B. Blumberg, “Hibiscus sabdariffa L. tea (Tisane) Lowers Blood Pressure in Prehypertensive and Mildly Hypertensive Adults,” J Nutr 140. no. 2 (2010): 298–303.

56  D. Rodriguez-Leyva, W. Weighell, A. L. Edel, et al., “Potent Antihypertensive Action of Dietary Flaxseed in Hypertensive Patients,” Hypertension 62, no. 6 (2013): 1081–89.

57  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Deaths: Final Data for 2013 Table 10.”

58  E. M. McCarthy and M. E. Rinella, “The Role of Diet and Nutrient Composition in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease,” J Acad Nutr Diet 112, no. 3 (2012): 401–9.

59  J. F. Silverman, W. J. Pories, and J. F. Caro, “Liver Pathology in Diabetes Mellitus and Morbid Obesity: Clinical, Pathological and Biochemical Considerations,” Pathol Annu 24 (1989): 275–302.

60  S. Singh, A. M. Allen, Z. Wang, L. J. Prokop, M. H. Murad, and R. Loomba, “Fibrosis Progression in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver vs Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Paired-Biopsy Studies,” Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol S1542–3565, no. 14 (2014), 00602–8.

61  S. Zelber-Sagi, D. Nitzan-Kaluski, R. Goldsmith, et al., “Long Term Nutritional Intake and the Risk for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Population Based Study,” J Hepatol 47, no. 5 (November 2007): 711–17.

62  Ibid.

63  H. C. Chang, C. N. Huang, D. M. Yeh, S. J. Wang, C. H. Peng, and C. J. Wang, “Oat Prevents Obesity and Abdominal Fat Distribution, and Improves Liver Function in Humans,” Plant Foods Hum Nutr 68, no. 1 (2013): 18–23.

64  American Cancer Society, “Cancer Facts and Figures 2015.”

65  T. J. Key, P. N. Appleby, E. A. Spencer, et al., “Cancer Incidence in British Vegetarians,” Br J Cancer 101, no. 1 (2009): 192–97.

66  C. A. Thompson, T. M. Habermann, A. H. Wang, et al., “Antioxidant Intake from Fruits, Vegetables and Other Sources and Risk of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: The Iowa Women’s Health Study,” Int J Cancer 136, no. 4 (2010): 992–1003.

67  S. G. Holtan, H. M. O’Connor, Z. S. Fredericksen, et al., “Food-Frequency Questionnaire-Based Estimates of Total Antioxidant Capacity and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma,” Int J Cancer 131, no. 5 (2012;): 1158–68.

68  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Deaths: Final Data for 2013 Table 10.”

69  J. Coresh, E. Selvin, L. A. Stevens, et al., “Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States,” JAMA 298, no. 17 (2007): 2038–47.

70  T. P. Ryan, J. A. Sloand, P. C. Winters, J. P. Corsetti, and S. G. Fisher, “Chronic Kidney Disease Prevalence and Rate of Diagnosis,” Am J Med 120, no. 11 (2007): 981–86.

71  J. Lin, F. B. Hu, And G. C. Curhan, “Associations of Diet with Albuminuria and Kidney Function Decline,” Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5, no. 5 (2010): 836–43.

72  P. Fioretto, R. Trevisan, A. Valerio, et al., “Impaired Renal Response to a Meat Meal in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes: Role of Glucagon and Prostaglandins,” Am J Physiol 258, no. 3, part 2 (1990): F675–F83.

73  A. H. Simon, P. R. Lima, M. Almerinda V. F. Alves, P. V. Bottini, and J. B. Lopes de Faria, “Renal Haemodynamic Responses to a Chicken or Beef Meal in Normal Individuals,” Nephrol Dial Transplant 13, no. 9 (1998): 2261–64.

74  P. Kontessis, S. Jones, R. Dodds, et al., “Renal, Metabolic and Hormonal Responses to Ingestion of Animal and Vegetable Proteins,” Kidney Int 38, no. 1 (July 1990): 136–44.

75  Z. M. Liu, S. C. Ho, Y. M. Chen, N. Tang, and J. Woo, “Effect of Whole Soy and Purified Isoflavone Daidzein on Renal Function—A 6-Month Randomized Controlled Trial in Equol-Producing Postmenopausal Women with Prehypertension,” Clin Biochem 47, nos. 13–14 (2014): 1250–56.

76  American Cancer Society, “Breast Cancer Facts and Figures 2013–2014,” http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@research/documents/document/acspc-042725.pdf, published 2013, accessed March 10, 2015.

77  S. E. Steck, M. M. Gaudet, S. M. Eng, et al., “Cooked Meat and Risk of Breast Cancer—Lifetime versus Recent Dietary Intake,” Epidemiology 18, no. 3 (2007): 373–82.

78  C. M. Kitahara, A. Berrington de Gonzhara, N. D. Freedman, et al., “Total Cholesterol and Cancer Risk in a Large Prospective Study in Korea,” J Clin Oncol 29, no. 12 (2011): 1592–98.

79  D. A. Boggs, J. R. Palmer, L. A. Wise, et al., “Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Relation to Risk of Breast Cancer in the Black Women’s Health Study,” Am J Epidemiol 172, no. 11 (2010): 1268–79.

80  Q. Li, T. R. Holford, Y. Zhang, et al., “Dietary Fiber Intake and Risk of Breast Cancer by Menopausal and Estrogen Receptor Status,” Eur J Nutr 52, no. 1 (2013): 217–23.

81  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Deaths: Final Data for 2013, table 18,” http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_02.pdf, accessed March 20, 2015.

82  N. Sartorius, “The Economic and Social Burden of Depression,” J Clin Psychiatry, 62, suppl. 15 (2001): 8–11.

83  A. C. Tsai, T.-L. Chang, and S.-H. Chi, “Frequent Consumption of Vegetables Predicts Lower Risk of Depression in Older Taiwanese—Results of a Prospective Population-Based Study,” Public Health Nutr 15, no. 6 (2012): 1087–92.

84  F. Gomez-Pinilla and T. T. J. Nguyen, “Natural Mood Foods: The Actions of Polyphenols against Psychiatric and Cognitive Disorders,” Nutr Neurosci 15, no. 3 (2012): 127–33.

85  A. A. Noorbala, S. Akhondzadeh, N. Tahmacebi-Pour, and A. H. Jamshidi, “Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Crocus sativus L. versus Fluoxetine in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Depression: A Double-Blind, Randomized Pilot Trial,” J Ethnopharmacol 97, no. 2 (2005): 281–84.

86  J. L. Jahn, E. L. Giovannucci, and M. J. Stampfer, “The High Prevalence of Undiagnosed Prostate Cancer at Autopsy: Implications for Epidemiology and Treatment of Prostate Cancer in the Prostate-Specific Antigen-Era,” Int J Cancer 137, no. 12 (2015): 2795-2802.

87  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Prostate Cancer Statistics,” http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/prostate/statistics/index.htm, updated September 2, 2014, accessed March 11, 2015.

88  D. Ganmaa, X. M. Li, L. Q. Qin, P. Y. Wang, M. Takeda, and A. Sato,” “The Experience of Japan as a Clue to the Etiology of Testicular and Prostatic Cancers,” Med Hypotheses 60, no. 5 (2003): 724–30.

89  D. Aune, D. A. Navarro Rosenblatt, D. S. Chan, et al., “Dairy Products, Calcium, and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies,” Am J Clin Nutr 101, no. 1 (2015): 87–117.

90  D. Ornish, G. Weidner, W. R. Fair, et al., “Intensive Lifestyle Changes May Affect the Progression of Prostate Cancer,” J Urol 174, no. 3 (2005): 1065–69.

91  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Deaths: Final Data for 2013, table 10.”

92  R. Vogt, D. Bennett, D. Cassady, J. Frost, B. Ritz, and I. Hertz-Picciotto, “Cancer and Non-cancer Health Effects from Food Contaminant Exposures for Children and Adults in California: A Risk Assessment,” Environ Health 11 (2012): 83.

93  European Food Safety Authority, “Results of the Monitoring of Non Dioxin-like PCBs in Food and Feed,” EFSA Journal 8, no. 7 (2010): 1701.

94  H. Arguin, M. Arguin, G. A. Bray, et al., “Impact of Adopting a Vegan Diet or an Olestra Supplementation on Plasma Organochlorine Concentrations: Results from Two Pilot Studies,” Br J Nutr 103, no. 10 (2010): 1433–41.

95  J. Lazarou, B. H. Pomeranz, and P. N. Corey, “Incidence of Adverse Drug Reactions in Hospitalized Patients: A Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies,” JAMA 279, no. 15 (1998): 1200–1205; B. Starfield, “Is US Health Really the Best in the World?,” JAMA 284, no. 4 (2000): 483–85; R. M. Klevens, J. R. Edwards, C. L. Richards, et al., “Estimating Health Care–Associated Infections and Deaths in U.S. Hospitals, 2002,” Public Health Rep 122, no. 2 (2007): 160–66; Institute of Medicine, “To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System,” http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/1999/To-Err-is-Human/To%20Err%20is%20Human%201999%20%20report%20brief.pdf, November 1999, accessed March 12, 2015.

96  Klevens, Edwards, Richards, et al., “Estimating Health Care–Associated Infections and Deaths in U.S. Hospitals, 2002.”

97  Lazarou, Pomeranz, and Corey, “Incidence of Adverse Drug Reactions in Hospitalized Patients.”

98  Institute of Medicine, “To Err Is Human.”

99  E. Picano, “Informed Consent and Communication of Risk from Radiological and Nuclear Medicine Examinations: How to Escape from a Communication Inferno,” BMJ 329, no. 7470 (2004): 849–51.

100  C. W. Schmidt, “CT Scans: Balancing Health Risks and Medical Benefits,” Environ Health Perspect 120, no. 3 (2012): A118–21.

101  P. N. Trewby, A. V. Reddy, C. S. Trewby, V. J. Ashton, G. Brennan, and J. Inglis, “Are Preventive Drugs Preventive Enough? A Study of Patients’ Expectation of Benefit from Preventive Drugs,” Clin Med 2, no. 6 (2002): 527–33.

102  Y. F. Chu, J. Sun, X. Wu, and R. H. Liu, “Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Common Vegetables,” J Agric Food Chem 50, no. 23 (2002): 6910–16.

103  W. Rock, M. Rosenblat, H. Borochov-Neori, N. Volkova, S. Judeinstein, M. Elias, and M. Aviram, Effects of Date (Phoenix dactylifera L., Medjool or Hallawi Variety) Consumption by Healthy Subjects on Serum Glucose and Lipid Levels and on Serum Oxidative Status: A Pilot Study,” J Agric Food Chem 57, no. 17 (September 9, 2009): 8010–17.

104  D. Rodriguez-Leyva, W. Weighell, A. L. Edel, et al., “Potent Antihypertensive Action of Dietary Flaxseed in Hypertensive Patients,” Hypertension 62, no. 6 (2013): 1081–89.

105  V. A. Cornelissen, R. Buys, and N. A. Smart, “Endurance Exercise Beneficially Affects Ambulatory Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis,” J Hypertens 31, no. 4 (2013): 639–48.

106  C. J. Fabian, B. F. Kimler, C. M. Zalles, et al., “Reduction in Ki-67 in Benign Breast Tissue of High-Risk Women with the Lignan Secoisolariciresinol Diglycoside,” Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 3, no. 10 (2010): 1342–50.

107  S. Y. Kim, S. Yoon, S. M. Kwon, K. S. Park, and Y. C. Lee-kim, “Kale Juice Improves Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors in Hypercholesterolemic Men,” Biomed Environ Sci 21, no. 2 (2008): 91–97.

108  R. H. Dressendorfer, C. E. Wade, C. Hornick, and G. C. Timmis, “High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol in Marathon Runners during a 20-Day Road Race,” JAMA 247, no. 12 (1982): 1715–17.

109  G. K. Hovingh, D. J. Rader, and R. A. Hegele, “HDL Re-examined,” Curr Opin Lipidol 26, no. 2 (2015): 127–32.

110  D. B. Haytowitz and S. A. Bhagwat, “USDA Database for the Oxygen Radical Capacity (ORAC) of Selected Foods, Release 2,” Washington, DC: United States Department of Agriculture, 2010.

111  U.S. Department of Agriculture, “Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) of Selected Foods—2007,” http://www.orac-info-portal.de/download/ORAC_R2.pdf, November 2007, accessed April 10, 2015.

112  R. C. Mollard, B. L. Luhovyy, S. Panahi, M. Nunez, A. Hanley, and G. H. Anderson, “Regular Consumption of Pulses for 8 Weeks Reduces Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Adults,” Br J Nutr 108, suppl. 1 (2012): S111–22.

113  H. C. Hung, K. J. Joshipura, R. Jiang, et al., “Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Risk of Major Chronic Disease,” J Natl Cancer Inst 96, no. 21 (2004): 1577–84.

114  K. J. Joshipura, F. B. Hu, J. E. Manson, et al., “The Effect of Fruit and Vegetable Intake on Risk for Coronary Heart Disease,” Ann Intern Med 134, no. 12 (2001): 1106–14.

115  K. J. Joshipura, A. Ascherio, J. E. Manson, et al., “Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Relation to Risk of Ischemic Stroke,” JAMA 282, no. 13 (1999): 1233–39.

116  Y. F. Chu, J. Sun, X. Wu, and R. H. Liu, “Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Common Vegetables,” J Agric Food Chem 50, no. 23 (2002): 6910–16.

117  M. N. Chen, C. C. Lin, and C. F. Liu, “Efficacy of Phytoestrogens for Menopausal Symptoms: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review,” Climacteric 18, no. 2 (2015): 260–69.

118  C. Nagata, T. Mizoue, K. Tanaka, et al., “Soy Intake and Breast Cancer Risk: An Evaluation Based on a Systematic Review of Epidemiologic Evidence among the Japanese Population,” Jpn J Clin Oncol 44, no. 3 (2014): 282–95.

119  F. Chi, R. Wu, Y. C. Zeng, R. Xing, Y. Liu, and Z. G. Xu, “Post-diagnosis Soy Food Intake and Breast Cancer Survival: A Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies,” Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 14, no. 4 (2013): 2407–12.

120  E. L. Richman, P. R. Carroll, and J. M. Chan, “Vegetable and Fruit Intake after Diagnosis and Risk of Prostate Cancer Progression,” Int J Cancer 131, no. 1 (2012): 201–10.

121  S. S. Nielsen, G. M. Franklin, W. T. Longstreth, P. D. Swanson, and H. Checkoway, “Nicotine from Edible Solanaceae and Risk of Parkinson Disease,” Ann Neurol 74, no. 3 (2013): 472–77.

122  Y. F. Chu, J. Sun, X. Wu, and R. H. Liu, “Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Common Vegetables,” J Agric Food Chem 50, no. 23 (2002): 6910–16.

123  S. C. Jeong, S. R. Koyyalamudi, and G. Pang, “Dietary Intake of Agaricusbisporus White Button Mushroom Accelerates Salivary Immunoglobulin A Secretion in Healthy Volunteers,” Nutrition 28, no. 5 (2012): 527–31.

124  M. Jesenak, M. Hrubisko, J. Majtan, Z. Rennerova, and P. Banovcin, “Anti-allergic Effect of Pleuran (β-glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus) in Children with Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections,” Phyto-ther Res 28, no. 3 (2014): 471–74.

125  M. Maghbooli, F. Golipour, A. Moghimi Esfandabadi, and M. Yousefi, “Comparison between the Efficacy of Ginger and Sumatriptan in the Ablative Treatment of the Common Migraine,” Phytother Res 28, no. 3 (2014): 412–15.

126  F. Kashefi, M. Khajehei, M. Tabatabaeichehr, M. Alavinia, and J. Asili, “Comparison of the Effect of Ginger and Zinc Sulfate on Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial,” Pain Manag Nurs 15, no. 4 (2014): 826–33.

127  World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research, “Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective,” Washington, DC: AICR, 2007.

128  G. E. Fraser and D. J. Shavlik, “Ten Years of Life: Is It a Matter of Choice?” Arch Intern Med 181, no. 13 (2001): 1645–52.

129  N. Annema, J. S. Heyworth, S. A. Mcnaughton, B. Iacopetta, and L. Fritschi, “Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and the Risk of Proximal Colon, Distal Colon, and Rectal Cancers in a Case-Control Study in Western Australia,” J Am Diet Assoc 111, no. 10 (2011): 1479–90.

130  Y. F. Chu, J. Sun, X. Wu, and R. H. Liu, “Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Common Vegetables,” J Agric Food Chem 50, no. 23 (2002): 6910–16.

131  M. Murphy, K. Eliot, R. M. Heuertz, and E. Weiss, “Whole Beetroot Consumption Acutely Improves Running Performance,” J Acad Nutr Diet 111, no. 4 (2012): 548–52.

132  V. Kapil, R. S. Khambata, A. Robertson, M. J. Caulfield, and A. Ahluwalia, “Dietary Nitrate Provides Sustained Blood Pressure Lowering in Hypertensive Patients: A Randomized, Phase 2, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study,” Hypertension 65, no. 2 (2015): 320–27.

133  M. Cruz-Correa, D. A. Shoskes, P. Sanchez, et al., “Combination Treatment with Curcumin and Quercetin of Adenomas in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis,” Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 4, no. 8 (2006): 1035–38.

134  C. Galeone, C. Pelucchi, R. Talamini, et al., “Onion and Garlic Intake and the Odds of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia,” Urology 70, no. 4 (2007): 672–76.

135  S. Gallus, R. Talamini, A. Giacosa, et al., “Does an Apple a Day Keep the Oncologist Away?” Ann Oncol 16, no. 11 (2005): 1841–44.