Index

20 000 Leagues under the Sea 53, 129
Aarhus 166
abalone 47
Aberdeenshire 178
Aberdeen University 178
acanthodian 75, 76
Acanthostega 79, 80
Acheulian culture 100
acorn worms 101, 102
Adam (biblical) 195
Adhémar, Joseph Alphonse 204
acritarch 161, 162, 251, 261
acrylic cement 240
aeroplankton 175, 176
Afar 99
Africa 77, 98, 101, 191, 214, 220, 231
Africa, horn of 97
Africa, East 100, 206
Africa, North 129, 143
Africa, South 101, 161
Africa, sub-Saharan 237
Africa, West 98
After Man 230
Agassiz, Alexander 138
Agassiz, Louis 614, 74, 76, 87, 88, 94, 138
Age of Fish 64
Agincourt, Battle of 242
Aitsu Marine Station 38, 39, 167
albatross 176
Aldabra 2058
Aldabrachelys gigantea 2068
Aldabra Limestone 206
algae 140, 141, 171, 219
algae, filamentous 111
algae, green 136
ALH840001 251
Alien/Aliens 21, 246
Allen, Dr. J. 135, 136
alligator 78
Alps 150
Amakusa 38
amalgam 240
amber 179
Ambulacraria 101
Americas 101, 229, 231
amino acids 202
ammonia 238
ammonite 51, 52, 88, 153, 225
ammonoid 50, 51
amniote 81, 82
amoeba 153, 165
amphibian 61, 69, 76, 77, 81, 189
amphipod 180
Amphioxus 66, 74
amputation 239
amulet 11
Ananaspis 36
Andes, Peruvian 94
Andrewsarchus 227
Andros Island 140
angular bone 93
animal breeders 235
Ankylosaurus 26
Annascaul Formation 36
Anning, Mary 44, 62, 87, 88, 182
anomalocarid 37
Anomalocaris 61
ant 21, 24, 26, 151
Antarctic/a + ice sheet 29, 94, 160, 192, 202, 205, 220, 221, 251
anteater 230
antelope 230
anteater, spiny 92
Anthropocene 237, 238
apatite 63, 71, 212
ape 92
ape, great 96, 98, 196
Appalachians 248
aquarium 54
arachnid 42, 43, 44
aragonite 47, 50, 71, 131, 141, 145
Arambourgiana 184
archaeocyathid 11, 147, 261
Archaeonithura 188
Archaeopteris 113
Archaeopteryx 187, 188
Archaeospherina 250
Archaeozoon 253
Archean 259
Archduke Franz Ferdinand 195
archers 242
archosaur 80, 85, 186
Arctic 78, 94, 192
Arctica islandica 197
Argentavis 189
Argentina 1
Argentinosaurus 23
Argo 53
argonaut 52, 53, 54
Argonaut (Greek hero) 53, 60
Argonauta 53
Argonauts, The (radio programme) 112
Agrostemma githago 122
Aristotle 53, 54, 106, 129
Aristotle’s lantern 106
armadillo 61
armour (human) 242, 243
arms race 242
Armstrong, Neil 195
Aronnax, Professor 129
arrow, ‘bodkin’ 242
Arthropleura 24, 25, 41, 115, 246
arthropod 14, 15, 214, 324, 3742, 44, 45, 58, 602, 71, 73, 81, 115, 152, 158, 159, 175, 17880, 213
arthropod eggs 175
articular bone 93
Ascension Island 139
Asia 126, 143, 186, 236
Asia, East 100
Asimov, Isaac 164
Aspidorhynchus 185
asteroid 142, 225
astronaut 243
Atacama Desert 257
Atlantic Ocean 132, 140, 170, 197201, 209, 216, 217
atoll 104, 133, 1359, 147, 205, 206
atomic bomb 21, 138, 196
auroch 229
Australasia 92, 93, 220
Australia xi, 35, 77, 101, 127, 132, 145, 191, 218, 220, 229, 231, 255, 258
Australian National University 212
australopithecine 98, 99
automobile 58, 243
axopod 166
bacteria 125, 176, 219, 251
bacteria, Gram-negative 176
Badajoz Province 3
Bahamas 127, 140, 255
baleen 227
bandages (of graptolite) 58
Barbary Coast 129
Barnet 227, 228
Barnosky, Anthony 95, 229, 237
Barrie, J.M. 239
Barylambda 226
bat 177, 1913
bat falcon 194
bat hawk 194
Bavaria 182, 187
Beagle 1, 133, 135
beak (of bird) 189
Beardmore Glacier 220
beche-de-mer 102
bee 37, 178
beetle xi, 26, 33, 62, 178
belemnite 88, 203, 225
Berry, Duc de 53
Big Belt Mountains 254
Bikini Atoll 210
bilaterian animal 5, 6, 15
biological pump 171, 213
biomimetics 52
bionic arm, hand 241
bionic implants 240, 244
bioturbation 5, 6
birch 123
bird xi, 61, 69, 81, 85, 91, 92, 101, 177, 180, 181, 18593, 207
Birmingham 28
Bishop (android) 246
bivalve mollusc 23, 45, 46, 48, 49, 131, 141, 143, 144, 196, 202, 203, 221, 233, 261
Bjarni Saemundsson 198
black clam 197
Black Death 124
bleach, of corals 163, 231, 232
Blombos Cave 101
blood rain 124
Blue Hills 112
bone, acellular 72
bone, structure of 72
bone bandages 185
bone rush 227
bonobo 196
Borneo 96
Bosworth field 223
box jelly 131
brachiopod 11, 15, 16, 268, 32, 45, 46, 65, 67, 68, 131, 146, 261
bradoriid 38, 40
Brady, George Stewardson 1579
Brady, Henry Bowman 1579
Brady Medal 158
Brahmaputra 205
breccia 251
bristlecone pine 110, 111
Bristol 96
Britain 62, 114, 157, 177, 198
British Association for the Advancement of Science 62, 250
British Columbia 13, 31, 254
British Geological Survey 217
British Isles 217
Brobdignag 19
Bronze Age 26
Brontosaurus 61, 82
brontothere 94
Brooksella 250
bryozoan 26, 145, 261
Buffon, Comte de 51, 114, 221
Burgess, Mount 254
Burgess Shale 1315, 18, 212, 254
Burma 239
bus route 107, 227
Butterfield, Nick 20
Byron, Lord 53, 199, 234
Cabinet of Natural History Curiosities 182
caddis fly larva 240
Calcidiscus leptoporus quadriperforatus 170
calcite 4, 35, 40, 71, 102, 103, 145, 159, 249, 258
calcium carbonate 4, 14, 29, 458, 50, 71, 131, 135, 140, 155, 163, 171, 201, 210, 212, 257, 260
calcium oxalate 125
calcium phosphate 4, 14, 29, 63, 68, 69, 71, 260, 262
California 49, 108, 110
Callisto 260
calyx (of crinoid) 106
‘Cambrian eruption’ 11, 12, 20
Cambrian explosion 8, 9, 12, 13, 19, 20, 67, 111
Cambrian 1, 2, 5, 8, 9, 11, 1318, 20, 2632, 37, 38, 402, 58, 59, 61, 64, 66, 67, 81, 101, 103, 111, 147, 148, 154, 160, 162, 178, 179, 208, 213, 218, 219, 248, 252, 253, 254
Cambridge University 57, 80
camel 227
Campani, Giuseppe 150
Canada 7, 13, 20, 37, 78, 248
Canary Islands 1, 139
Caninia 210
Canning Basin 145, 146
Canyon City 64, 65
Cape Verde islands 125
caracal 174
carbon 115, 116, 144, 164, 172, 213, 214
carbonate buildup 146
carbon cycle 159, 167, 171
carbonate factory 141
carbonate mound 146
carbonate platform 128, 147
carbonate ramp 147
carbon dioxide 81, 82, 142, 172, 214, 232, 260
carbonic acid 172
carbon isotopes 199, 223, 224
Carboniferous 24, 25, 69, 70, 802, 11315, 118, 146, 155, 179, 180, 210, 246
Carcharocles megalodon 72, 73
Carcharadon 75
Carcharadon carcharias 72
Carl (mollusc) 198, 199
Caroline, Princess, of Sicily 53
Carolinites genacinaca 35
cartilage, structure of 71
Casineria 802
cat xi, 94, 154, 230
cats, mummified 95, 104
cellulose 110
Cenozoic 45, 90, 94, 141, 190, 230, 231
centipede 33
Central America 121, 190
Central American isthmus 127
cephalopod 49, 153, 154, 203, 213, 218
ceramic 240
cetacean 33, 87, 90
chalk 105, 16971
Challenger, HMS 138, 1568, 167, 171, 203
chancelloriids 2932, 59
charcoal 115
chelicerae 21, 25
chelicerate 33
Chengjiang Biota 13, 1518, 30, 37, 38, 66, 67, 75, 81, 208, 212
chert 55, 179, 259
Chicago, University 202
chicken, domestic 2368
Chicken-of-Tomorrow programme 236
chihuahua 235
Chile 257
chimpanzee 96, 196
China 13, 1517, 20, 30, 31, 37, 66, 114, 175, 181, 188, 192, 226, 239
Chinese peoples 11
chitin 19, 33, 34, 48
choanoflagellate 165
chorion 81, 82
chromium 240
Chuandianella ovata 15
Churchill, Winston 72
Church Stretton 28
Cindarella 37
Civil War, American 108, 157
Clack, Jenny 80
cladoxylopsid 113
Clairmont, Claire 234
Clinton, President 251
Cloud, Preston 2, 11
Cloudina 25, 79, 11, 27, 28, 49, 242
Cloudina carinata 3
Cloudinidae 3
Clydagnathus windsorensis 70
cnidarian 16, 131
coal 109, 114, 115
cobalt 240
Cobbold, Edgar Stirling 28
coccolith 169, 171, 172
coccolithophore 16872
coccosphere 169, 170
cockle 44
Cocos Islands 133
Cocos/Keeling atoll 133, 137, 141
coelacanth 77, 208
coelenterate 130
collagen 72
Collenia 254, 256
Collini, Cosimo Alessandro 182, 183, 186
Colorado 64
columella bone 93
comb jelly 16, 17, 130
Comley 28, 29
Conan Doyle, Arthur 184
conchostracan 261
condor 185, 189
conodont 6870, 212, 213
conodont animal 69, 70
Cooksonia 112
Cookson, Isobel Clifton 112
copepod 159, 160
copper 240
coral xi, 6, 26, 31, 46, 65, 67, 104, 119, 12937, 139, 1402, 145, 146, 163, 196, 20911, 231, 232, 233, 261
coral, elhorn 132
coral, rugose 144, 210
coral, scleractinian 141, 143, 144, 233
coral, staghorn 132
coral, tabulate 144
coralline algae 135, 145, 147, 233
corallite 131
coral reef 119, 128, 129, 13542, 144, 154, 2313
Cornell University 209
Cornwell, Bernard 243
Corwin, USS 157
cow 93, 95, 237, 238
Cowie Harbour 41, 42
crab xi, 26, 39, 48, 130
crab, hermit 53, 243
crab, Japanese spider 25, 26
Creator 51
Cretaceous 23, 50, 51, 80, 82, 85, 87, 90, 106, 143, 144, 16870, 182, 1846, 188, 203, 208, 212, 226, 229, 230, 233
Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary 80, 81, 142, 189
crinoid 106, 107
crocodile 78, 85, 88, 90, 91, 184, 186, 207
crocodilian 84, 85
Croll, James 204
crow 189
crown-of-thorns starfish 136
Crowther, Peter 57
crustacean 33, 39, 43, 62, 179, 180, 257
Cryptozoon proliferum 252, 254, 256
Crysomallon squamiferum 48
Ctenoimbricata 103
ctenophore 16, 130
Cuba 240
Cumbria 217
Curieuse Island 207
Curiosity Rover 245, 247, 251, 252, 257
Cuvier, Baron 51, 74, 182
cyanobacteria 255, 256
Cyanophyceae 255
cynodont 84, 92, 93
cyprine, Icelandic 197
cyst 1613
Czech Republic 56
dachshund 235
Dali, Salvador 63
Dalton sunspot minimum 200
damselfly 180
Dark Ages 198
Darwin, Charles 1, 6, 8, 9, 11, 19, 1035, 107, 125, 1337, 147, 156, 160, 162, 189, 234, 235, 24850
Dawson, J. William 249, 250, 252, 253
Day of the Triffids, The 162
Deep Sea Drilling Program 204
deer, giant 229
De La Beche, Henry 88
Delft 151
dendrochronologist 221
Denmark 166
dentary bone 76, 93
dentine 63, 71, 72, 76, 223
deuterostome 33
Devonian 25, 38, 42, 44, 50, 624, 67, 74, 79, 80, 81, 113, 115, 118, 145, 146, 176, 17880, 20911
diamond 71
diatom 125, 167, 168, 173
Dickens, Charles 182
Die Infusionsthierchen as volkommene Organismen 152
Die Radiolarien 166
Dimetrodon 83, 84
Dingle 36
dinocyst 163
dinoflagellate 46, 120, 132, 1613, 167
Dinornis robustus 191
dinosaur (non-avian) xii, 10, 22, 23, 26, 60, 61, 80, 826, 92, 93, 96, 126, 141, 182, 1869, 191, 225, 226, 227
Dinosauria 54
dinosporin 163
diploblast 6
Diprotodon 229
Dixon, Dougal 230, 231
DNA 222
dog 94, 235
dolomite 249
dolphin 33, 91, 94
Dongsha Atoll 232
Donoghue, Philip 69
d’Orbigny, Alcide 1535, 201
d’Orbigny, Charles 153
Dorset 87
Down House 105, 235
Downton Castle SandstoneFormation 43
Dracula, Count 193, 194
dragonfly 115, 17880
dragoon 95
Dresden, State Museum of Mineralogy and Geology 253
dromaeosaurid 187
dubiofossil 250
duck-billed platypus 92, 93
Dujardin, Félix 152, 165
Dunkleosteus 75
Duria Antiquior 88, 89
eagle 189
Earth 127
earthworm 6
East India Company 133
eccentricity cycle 204
ecdysis 26
Ecdysozoa 26
echidna 92, 93
echinoderm 11, 1013, 106
ectoderm 6, 33
Ediacara biota 2, 4
Ediacaran Period 3
Edinburgh 69, 70, 248
egg, amniotic 81, 82
egret 224
Egypt 22, 95, 170
Ehrenberg, Christian Gottfried 124, 125, 152, 170, 171, 175
Eichstätt 182
Elan Valley 28
electron microscope 169
elephant 21, 61, 73, 86, 94, 104, 160, 227, 230
Elgin 178, 186
Ellesmere Island 78
El Membrillar olistostrome 3
El Niño 231, 232
Elrathia kingi 11
emu 191
enamel, tooth 63, 72, 76, 223
Enceladus 260
England 96, 112, 150, 157, 217, 219, 240
Eniwetok atoll 138
Entelognathus primordialis 76
Entomostraca 158, 159
Eocene 147, 192, 193, 194, 227
Eospermatopteris 113
Eotarbus jerami 43
Eozoön canadense 24851, 253, 254
epipodite 179
epithelium 130
Epochs of Nature, The 114
ethane 260
Ethiopia 99
Eudibamus 97
eukaryote 152, 247
Eurasia 229
Europa 260
Europe 25, 97, 100, 101, 114, 143, 199, 200, 201, 211, 217, 218, 231, 236, 253
Eve (biblical) 195
Evitt, William 161, 162
Faber, Johannes 150
faecal express 213
Faroe Islands 157
feathers 189
fern 113
fertilizer 238
finch 189
First World War 195
fish 42, 43, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 68, 71, 74, 76, 77, 135, 181, 182, 185, 186, 192, 224, 228
fish, jawless 59
‘fishopod’ 77, 78, 79
Fitzroy, Captain 135, 137, 141, 147
flagellum 162, 165, 168, 169
flea 151
Florence 150
Florida 157, 255
Florida Everglades 231
fly 151, 176
flying fish 181
fool’s gold 260
foraminifera 22, 125, 142, 147, 1538, 165, 166, 169, 171, 2013, 205, 207, 209, 233, 249, 250
foraminifera, agglutinated 241
Forres 135
Fortey, Richard 36
fossil fuels 172, 196, 208
France 114, 124, 153
Frankenstein, Dr. 39, 234, 235
Frankenstein: Or, the Modern Prometheus 234
Frankenstein’s monster 234, 238
French Academy 130
French Revolution 231
Freycinet, Henri-Louis de Saulces de 255
Friedrich Wilhelm III 170
frog 81, 102
frost fair 200
fruit bat 194
frustule 168
fucoids 55
fungi 171, 175, 178
fusilinid 155
Galapagos Islands 189
Galileo Galilei 150
Gallionella 125
Ganymede 260
gastropod 11, 23, 28, 47, 48, 53, 141, 218, 233, 243
gastrotrich 18
General Grant (tree) 108, 110, 111, 113
General Sherman (tree) 10811, 113
genetic engineering 238
Geological map 114
Geological Society (of London) 219
Geological Survey of Canada 248, 249
Geological Survey of Great Britain 88
German invasion of Poland 195
Germany 97, 151, 170, 182
giant clam 23, 46, 47, 261
gibbon 97
gibbon, Mueller’s Bornean 96
gigantelope 230
Gigantocarinus szatmanyi 44
Gigantocypris 39
Gigantosaurus 86
Gilboa 113
gills 67, 71, 74, 90
gill arch 75
gingko 208
Giraffatitan 87
‘giraffe neck’ 239
Girvan 219
Giza 22
gladius 23
glass 164
global warming 142, 144, 232
Globigerina 155
Globigerina bulloides 156, 160, 201, 204
Globigerinoides sacculifer 160
Glossopteris 220, 221
glucose 34
gnathostomulid 18, 19
goat 95, 237
GOBE 213, 214
God 33
Godwin, Mary Wollstonecraft (= Mary Shelley) 234
Goemon, Ishikawa 175
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 166
gold 117
gold coins 175
golden carp 175
gold, pirate 133
Goldfuss, Georg August 152
Göppert, Heinrich 162
gorilla 196, 227
Gould, Stephen Jay 254
Grand Bahama 140
Grant, General Ulysses 108
Granton 70
Granton Shrimp Bed 69
graptolite 549, 102, 213, 241
Graptolithus 55
grass 124, 125
Great Bahamas Bank 140
Great Barrier Reef xi, 128, 132, 140, 145, 231
Great Barrier Reef (Devonian) 145
Great Fire of London 51, 151
Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE) 213, 214
greenhouse effect 115, 214
Greek peoples 11, 227, 241
Greenland (+ ice sheet) 37, 199202, 217, 218
Green River Formation 192
greigite 48
grenadier 95
greyhound 235
Grimsey 198
Guiyu oneiros 76, 77
Gryphaea 46
Guadeloupe 130
Guizhou 181
Gulf of Mexico 200
Gulf Stream 200
Guyana 114
guyot 139
Haast’s eagle 229
Haber-Bosch process 238
Häberlein, Karl 187
Hadean 3
Hadrocodium 93
Haeckel, Ernst 166, 167
hagfish 71, 74
‘hairy panic’ 121
Haldane, J.B.S. 33
Hall, James 249, 2524
Hamlet 133
haptonema 169
Harding Sandstone 64
Harlan, Tom 111
Harryhausen, Ray 60, 63
Harvey, Tom 20
Hatzegopteryx 184
Havana 240
Havre Inutile 255
Hawaii 139
hawk 189
Hays, Jim 203, 204, 212
heartwood 110
Heath Robinson 106
Hebei province 188
hedgehog 26, 61
Heezen, Bruce 216
Helechosa de los Montes 3
hemichordate 101
Henry V 242, 243
Henry VII 223
Herefordshire 64, 165
Hermann, Jean 182
hero 227
heron 224
Hesiod 124
Hilda, abbess 51
Himalayas 205, 218
hip joint 240
hip, artificial 240
Hiroshima atomic bomb 225
Holland 151
Hollywood 21, 121
Holocene 229
holothurian 135
Homer 124
Homo 9799
Homo erectus 100
Homo habilis 99, 100
Homo sapiens 100
Homo rudolfensis 99
Hook, Captain 239
Hooke, Robert 51, 150, 151, 153
Horne, John 217, 218
horse 94, 227
horsetail 113
Hou, Xianguang 14
Hugh de Saint-Cher, Cardinal 150
human 33, 50, 60, 69, 72, 78, 82, 92, 94102, 126, 191, 192, 206, 222, 229, 23741
human biomass 237
human, giant 227
Humboldt, Alexander von 156, 166
hummingbird 73, 189
Humpty Dumpty 27
Hussar 95
Huxley, Julian 105
Huxley, Thomas H. 105, 219, 249
Hydra 130, 131
hydrocarbons 146, 260, 261
hydrofluoric acid 56, 160, 161
hydrogen ion 172
hydroid 55, 56
hydrostatic skeleton 5
hydrothermal conditions 164
hydrothermal vent 48
hydroxyapatite 72
hydrozoan 131
hyolithid 15
Hyperion (tree) 108, 110, 113
Iapetus Ocean 219
ice, rock-forming 260, 261
Ice Ages 115, 118, 123, 205, 235
icehouse state 214
Iceland 197, 198, 200
ichthyosaur 62, 88, 90, 91
Ichthyostega 79, 80
Idioprioniodus 70
Iliad 124
Imbrie, John 203, 204, 212
Inanihella sagena 165
incus (ear bone) 75, 93
India 220, 225, 231
Indian Ocean 46, 77, 1324, 204, 205, 207
Indonesia 101
Indricotherium 227
Industrial Revolution 114
Inoceramus steenstrupi 23
insect 104, 17780, 1903
interglacial phase 206
Ireland 36, 210
iron oxide 48
iron sulphide 48, 260
island dwarfing 12
Isthmus of Panama 190, 191
Jaekelopterus 25
Jansen, Zacharias and Hans 150
Janus VI 164
Janvier, Philippe 66
Japan 38, 39, 159, 175
Jason (Greek hero) 53, 60
jaw, origin of 726
jellyfish 5, 6, 31, 131
jet engine 49, 50
Johannes Gutenberg University 198
Jordan 184
Jornado del Muerto 21
Juillac 53
Jurassic 46, 51, 85, 88, 140, 143, 167, 182, 1846, 192, 208, 226
Kali 121
Kali 121
Kalkowsky, Ernst Louis 2535
kangaroo 93
Kayah tribe 239
Keeling/Cocos Atoll 133, 134, 137, 141
Keeling, William 133
Kenya 100
Kenyanthropus 99
Kevlar 243
Kiel 198
King Kong 182
King, William 250
Ki-no-o-ba-kė 119
kinorhynch 18, 19
Kirk, Captain James T. 164
kite 175, 176
Klondike river 117
knights, French 242
Kozłowski, Roman 557
krill 15, 59, 160
Kunstformen der Natur 167
Kyushu 38, 39
Laetoli 99
Lagerstätte 1316, 20, 66
Lake District, English 217
Lake Geneva 234
Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste 134, 143, 154
lamprey 71, 74
‘lamp shells’ 11, 45
lancelet 66, 74
landfill site 237
Lang, William Henry 112
Lapworth, Charles 28, 55, 218
Lapworthella 28
La Rinconada 94
lead 146, 224
lead isotopes 223
Le Clerc, Captain Francis 239
Lee Adoyta 99
Leeds, Alfred 91
Leedsichthys 91
Leicester Cathedral 222
Leicester, city council 222
Leicester, University of 222
Leeuwenhoek, Antonie von 1503
lemur 92
Lepidodendron 114
Lesser Antilles 130
Lewis, island of 218
Lewisian Gneiss 218
Liebig, Justus 95
Liesk, Mr. 135
Lightning, HMS 157
lignin 110
Lilliput 18, 19
limestone 10, 138, 139, 142, 206, 253, 255
limestone, nummulitic 142
Lindström, Maurits 69
Linnaeus 55
lion 61
Little Ice Age 200
Liverpool 95
liverwort 112
Livy 124
lizard 83, 207
lobe-fin fish 768, 80
lobopod 16, 17, 32, 59
lobster 23, 39
locust, Rocky Mountain 177
Logan, Brian 256, 257
loganite 249
Logan, Mount 248
Loganograptus logani 248, 249, 252
Logan, William 24850, 252, 254, 256
Logan’s Line 248
London 22, 51, 151, 158, 187, 200, 220
London Bridge 200
London Pigeon Clubs 235
longbow 243
loriciferan 18, 20
Los Angeles 21, 24
Lossiemouth Sandstone 186
Lost World, The 184
‘lotus feet’ 239
Ludford Corner 43
Ludlow 43, 223
Ludlow Bone Bed 43, 75
Luggage, the 40
lugworm 27
lunar month, Devonian 211
lungfish 77, 78
Lyell, Charles 137, 249
Lyme Regis 44, 62, 87, 88, 182
Lyon 124, 125
Mackie, William 178
Madagascar 206, 226
magnesium salts 260
magnetic polarity 216
magnetic stripes 216
Mainz 198
maize 126
malleus (ear bone) 75, 93
mammal 12, 61, 76, 81, 84, 92, 93, 96, 101, 180, 181, 186, 191, 192, 2268
mammoth 10, 12, 21, 61, 82, 229
manatee 94
Manchester 112
Manchuriophycus 250
mantle (of mollusc) 47, 50
Maori people 229
Maotianoascus octonarius 17
Maotianshania cylindrica 16
Marianas Trench 155, 167
Mars 164, 2458, 25760
Marseille 129
Marsilius 129
marsupial 93
Marx brothers 253
Mascarene Islands 208
mass extinction event 40, 41, 84, 85, 87, 91, 106, 142, 144, 188, 214, 225, 229
mastodon 229
Matthews, Crosbie 27
Maunder sunspot minimum 200
Mauretania 170
maxilla 76
McGill University, Montreal 249
Medieval 236, 238
Mediterranean Sea 143, 171
medusa 131
Megaloprepus caerulatus 180
Megamastax amblyodus 42
Meganeura 115, 180
meiofauna 19, 20, 261
mercury 240
mesoderm 6, 33, 102
mesoglea 130
Mesozoic 45, 84, 86, 87, 90, 92, 94, 141, 186, 188
Messina 167
Metapterygota 178
meteorite 91, 94, 226
meteorite, Martian 251
methane 142, 260
Methuselah 195, 196
Mexico 91, 157, 225
Mickey Mouse 122, 123
microstromatolites 257
Middle Ages 236
Midland Valley, of Scotland 219
Micraster 103, 105, 106
microbial mat 255, 256, 257
Microdictyon 32
Microdictyon sinicum 17
Micrographia 151
Micropalaeontological Society 158
microplankton 161, 171
Microraptor 186, 187
microscope 150, 151, 153, 169, 173, 246
Mid-Atlantic Ridge 138, 140
Midland Valley of Scotland 64
Middle East 170
mid-ocean ridge 138, 216
Mignot, Marie Louise 182
Milanković, Milutin 204
milk 238
Miller, Hugh 624, 69, 74, 87, 94
Miller-Urey experiment 202
millipede 24, 33, 42, 115
Millepora 135
Mimas 260
Ming (mollusc) 198, 221
Ming (Chinese dynasty) 198
minnow 77
Minutoli, Heinrich von 170, 171
Miocene 189
Missarszhevsky, Vladimir 27
‘missing link’ 78
moa 191, 229
Möbius, Carl 198
Mogollon people 149
Mohs scale of hardness 71
molecular clock 19
mollusc 16, 23, 27, 31, 32, 4550, 53, 59, 196, 197, 233
molybdenum 240
monazite 9
Monceau, Henri-Louis Duhamel du 221
Mongolia 227
monkey 92
monotreme 92, 93
Montana 254
Montgolfier brothers 175
Montreal 249
Moon 127, 195
Morano, Emma 195, 196
Morganucodon 93
Morocco 100
mosasaur 90, 91
moss 41, 42
mother-of-pearl 47
Mount Augusta 220
Mount Stephen 13
mudrock 251
mudskipper 78
Munich 187
Murchison, Roderick 62, 218
Murdock, Duncan 69
Murray, John 138
mutt 235
Myllokunmingia 59, 66, 67, 75
Myllokunmingia fengjiaoia 66
myriapod 25, 33
N-acetylglusomine 34
nacre 47
Nagasaki atomic bomb 225
Nagoya Castle 175
Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology 14
Naraoia 37
narwhal 228
NASA 245
National Oceanographic Centre 157
Natural History Museum, London 22, 187, 188, 220
Nature (journal) 211
nautiloid 67, 213
Nautilus 26, 49, 50, 52, 53, 208
Nautilus (submarine) 49
Nazis 57
Neanderthal 97, 100
Near East 236
Nebraska 117
nectar 193
Nemo, Captain 49, 129
Neogloboquadrina pachyderma 160
Neolithic culture 238
Newman, Mike 41
Newfoundland 7
New Guinea 93
New Mexico 21, 149
newt 81
Newton, Isaac 51, 151, 174
New World 236, 238
New York State 113, 210, 252
New Zealand 101, 191, 229
Nidelric 29, 31
Nidelric pugio 30
nimravid 190
ninja 175
nitrogen 116, 238, 260
nitrogen isotopes 223, 224
Noah 195
Noah’s Flood 51
North America xi, 25, 35, 114, 121, 143, 157, 190, 191, 197, 199201, 211, 21719
Northamptonshire 223
Norway 217
notochord 66, 71
nuclear bomb 210
nuclear winter 225
Nulliporae 134
Nummulites 22, 142, 147, 154
oak 123
obliquity cycle 204
ocean acidification 71, 142, 144, 172, 225, 232, 233
ocean crust 139
octopus 49, 50
ogre 227
oil reservoir 144
Old Red Sandstone 615
Old Red Sandstone continent 64
Old World 238
One Million Years BC 60, 83, 185
Onychonycteris 192, 193
Ontario 249
ooid 141
opal 164, 168
orangutan 96, 196
orbital cycles 204
Ordovician 28, 35, 37, 49, 55, 64, 65, 67, 106, 111, 112, 208, 21113, 218, 219
Origin of Species, The 9, 104, 125, 162, 234, 235, 249
Ortelius, Abraham 21416, 218
Orwell, George 94
osteoporosis 193
ostracod 3841, 44, 149, 158, 159, 169, 171, 213, 219, 261
ostracoderm 62, 67, 72, 74, 94
ostrich 191
Ottoman emperors 198
Ottowa River 249
Owen, Richard 54, 187
oxygen 115, 118, 159, 164, 173, 180, 202
oxygen isotopes 199, 2025, 212
oyster 26
pachyderm 160
Pacific Ocean 46, 127, 129, 132, 133, 155, 157, 200, 205, 210, 231, 255
Palaeozoic 9, 35, 37, 45, 65, 68, 76, 118, 1447, 171, 211, 218
Paleocene 142, 226, 231
Paleogene 96, 142, 212
pallium 163
Pangaea 78
Panicum effusum 121
‘paper Nautilus 53
Paradoxides paradoxissimus 10
Paris 53, 57, 154, 175
parrot 189
parrot fish 135, 136
Passat-staub und Blut-regen 124
Peach, Ben 217, 218
peacock 37, 84
‘peak phosphorus’ 96
pearl 47
peat 221
peduncle 163
Pembrokeshire 250
penguin 90, 94, 189
Pepys, Samuel 152
Perchlorates 252
periostracum 47
Permian 50, 82, 84, 90, 92, 97, 106, 144, 155, 211, 220
Permian-Triassic boundary 41, 80, 144, 225, 247
Perth, Ontario 249
Peru 231
Peysonnel, Jean-André 129, 130
Pharaoh 95
Phanerozoic Eon 2, 6, 9
Philpott, Elizabeth 87, 88
phoronid 26
phorusrhacid 190
phosphorus 71, 95, 96, 116, 238
photosynthesis 46, 110, 115, 162, 172, 180
phytolith 125, 126
phytoplankton 159, 201
pig 95, 230, 237, 238
pigeon loft 235
pigeon 235
Pilbara 258
Pilgrim Fathers 96, 198
pine 1225
Pinus longaeva 110
Pinus negra 123
pirate 239
placoderm 746, 78
plague 129, 161
plankton 40, 55, 73, 155, 160, 167, 170, 213, 214, 227
Plantagenet king 222
plastic xiii, 237, 240, 243
plate tectonics 138
Platte river 117
platyceratid 106
Pleistocene 100, 206
plesiosaur 62, 88, 90, 91, 104
Plesiosaurus 74
Pliny 124
Pliocene 201
Plutarch 124
plutonium 245
Plymouth 96
Pneumodesmus newmani 41, 42
Poland 79, 195
Polidori, John 234
pollen 1215, 162, 175
Polynesia 101
polyp 131
Pope, Alexander 53
porcupine 26
Porites 135
porpoise 33
possum 192
Potanichthys 181
potassium salts 260
Power, James 54
Pratchett, Terry 40
Precambrian 1, 3, 4, 5, 11, 19, 20, 268, 41, 49, 118, 154, 162, 165, 196, 211, 213, 217, 218, 233, 247, 249, 252, 253, 256, 257
Pre-Columbian cultures 231
premaxilla 76
primate 33, 92, 96, 97, 100
Princes in the Tower 223
prosthetic limb 239
protostome 33
protozoa 19, 1524, 157, 165, 166, 241
pseudofossil 250
Pseudomonas syringae 176
pseudopodia 154, 155, 163, 166, 168
Psittacotherium 227
Pterichyodes milleri 63
Pterichthys 74
pterobranch hemichordate 26, 568, 101, 102
Pterodactylus antiquus 183
pteropod 28
pterosaur xi, 88, 181, 182, 1846, 188, 189, 191, 192
pulp cavity 63
Punch 95
pycnofibres 184, 185, 189
pyramid, Egyptian 147
pyrite 260
pyroxene 249
python 231
quadrate bone 93
quahog, ocean 197, 198, 200, 201
Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 250
quartz 164
Queen Alexandra Range 220
Queen Elizabeth I 149, 240
quelea, red-billed 237
Quetzalcoatlus 184
rabbit 102
radiolarian 1658
radiometric ages 9
radula 48, 49
rat 226, 227
rat, brown 237
raven 189
ray-fin fish 76, 77, 78
Réamur, René-Antoine Ferchault de 130
redwood tree 108
Red Jungle Fowl 236
reef gap 142
reef, non-coral-dominated 1457
rejectamenta 44
Reophax 155
Repenomamus 226
reptile 51, 61, 69, 76, 81, 82, 97, 180, 181, 190
reptile, marine xii, 87, 91, 96
Rhamphorhynchus 185
rhinoceros, woolly 229
rhizopod 166
Rhynie Chert 178
Rhyniognatha hirsti 178, 180
Rhysonetron 250
rice 126
Richard III 2224
Richard the Lionheart 124
Rickards, Barrie 57
Ripley 246
river, meandering 117, 118
river, braided 117, 118
robot 243
rock dove 235
Roman Empire 236
Roman peoples 11, 97, 227, 240
Romania 184
Romer, Alfred 80
Romer’s Gap 80
rotalinid 155
Rowe, Arthur 105
Rowney, Thomas 250
Royal Navy 157
Royal Society 130, 1502, 156, 158
Royal Society of British Sculptors 158
rudist bivalve 143, 144, 233
rudist reef 143, 144
Rugen Island 170
Ruhmkorff apparatus 129
‘Russian thistle’ 121
Rusophycus 34
sabre-tooth tiger 229
Sahelanthropus 98, 99
St Bernard dog 235
St Paul’s Cathedral 151
Salter, John William 218, 219
Sand 18
Santiago de Cuba 240
sapwood 110
Sarpedon 124
saurischian 86
sauropod 86, 87, 227
sauropsid 82, 85
Saxony 253
Saxony, Lower 253
scallop 44, 49
scanning electron microscope 57
Scarus 135
Schöne, Bernd 198
Schleromochlus 186
Schnauzer, miniature 235
Schulman, Edward 110
Science (journal) 203
Science of Life, The 105
sclerites 29, 31, 32
sclerotin 34
scolecodont 68, 69
scoliosis 223
scorpion 33
Scotland 42, 55, 63, 80, 178, 186, 21719, 248
Scott, Robert Falcon 220
Scrutton, Colin 20911
sea anemone 6, 16, 131
sea cucumber 101, 102, 135, 136
seal 90, 94
sea lily 106
sea pen 131
sea scorpion 25
sea urchin 27, 33, 1013, 106
seaweed 55, 136, 146
secondary palate 92
Second World War 56, 195, 236
Sedgwick, Adam 1, 11, 62, 218
seed 113, 120
seed shrimp 149
selenium salts 260
Sequoiadendrum giganteum 108
sequoia, giant 108
Sequoia sempervirens 108
seriema 190
Seychelles 207
Shackleton, Nick 203, 204, 212
shark 76, 90
Shark Bay 2557
shark, great white 23, 72
Shakespeare, William 133, 223, 242
Shastasaurus 91
sheep 93, 95, 237
Shelley, Mary 234
Shelley, Percy Bysshe 234
Sherman, General William Tecumseh 108
Shiva 121
shrimp 15, 69
Shropshire 28, 29, 43
Siberia 12, 84
Sicily 54, 167
Siebold, Carl Theodor Ernst von 152
Sierra Leone 133
Sigillaria 114
silica 4, 48, 55, 125, 145, 1638, 178, 212, 257, 259, 260
silica cycle 167
silicic acid 164
silicoflagellate 168
silicon xiii, 164, 262
silicony 164
silk 238
silkworm gene 238
Silurian 25, 28, 36, 42, 43, 55, 56, 64, 67, 74, 757, 81, 112, 118, 165, 217, 218
silver 240
silverfish 177
Sinbad 60
Sinotubulites 7, 8, 9
Skaar Ridge 220, 221
Skara 10
Skejby Hospital 166
skull, human 222, 238, 239
Sligo, County 210
sloth 193
sloth, giant 229
slug 48
small carbonaceous fossils 31
small shelly fossils (SSFs) 9, 11, 27, 28
smallpox 149, 161
Smil, Vaclav 228
Smithsonian Institution 13, 254
Smithsonian Museum of Natural History 72, 73
Smith, William 114
snake 85, 231
snake, sea 94
‘snakestone’ 51
snail 23, 26, 47, 106, 107, 257
snail, cone 48
Socratea exorrhiza 119, 120
sodium salts 260
Solar System 127, 259, 260
Solnhofen Limestone 182, 1857
Solway Firth 219
sounding, sea floor 135, 141, 147
South America 22, 23, 77, 92, 121, 143, 18991, 214, 231
Southampton 157
South China Seas 232
Southern Ocean 159, 200
Southern Uplands, Scotland 55, 217
South Pole 115, 214, 220
South Seas 227
South Wales coalfield 248
space suit 243
Spain 142
sparrow 85, 189
spectacles 150
spider 23, 26, 33, 34, 37, 42, 44, 151, 175, 176, 180
spiracle 25, 42
Spirit Rover 257
Spirograptus 56
Spitalfields weaver 235
sponge 13, 15, 31, 1457, 164, 165, 261
spore 112, 113, 120, 162, 171, 175
sporopollenin 122
squamosal bone 93
‘squashed slug’ 66, 67, 74
squid 26, 49, 50
squid, colossal 23, 26
squid, giant 25
squirrel, flying 192
stalactites 258
stalagmites 258
Stanford University 237
stapes (ear bone) 75, 93
starling 189
starfish 1013
Starship Troopers 21
Star Trek 164
Steele, John 252, 253
Stegosaurus 83, 86
Stensiö, Erik 74
steppe 123
Stigmaria 114
Stone Age 238
Stonehaven 41
Stones, Anthony 158
stonewart 111
Strelley Pool 258, 259
strider 230
stromatolite 208, 211, 233, 252, 2549
stromatolith 253
stromatoporoids 261
strontium isotopes 223
submarine 58
Suleiman the Magnificent 198
sulphate 199, 225, 260
sulphur aerosol 199
sulphur dioxide 199
Sumatra 96
Sumbawa 199
sunfish 77
suture, of ammonite 52
swan 224
swift 176, 189
symbiosis 163
synapsid 82, 84, 85
Tableau méthodique de la classe des Céphalopodes 154
tadpole 81
talc 71
Tambora eruption 199, 200, 234
Tanaka, Gengo 38, 39, 167
Tanzania 99
tapir 227
tarantula 21, 24
Tarantula! 21, 24
tarsier 92
Tateyama 159
telescope 150
temporal fenestra 83, 85
termite nest 58, 230
terrier 235
terror bird 92, 189, 190, 191
tetrapod 77, 7982, 85, 88, 90, 91, 97
Tethys Ocean 143
thalattosaurs 90, 91
Thames River 200, 219
Tharp, Marie 216
Them 21, 24
Theodore, Charles, Elector of Bavaria 182
therapod 85
therapsid 84
thin section (of rock) 178
third metacarpal styloid process 100
Thomson, Charles Wyville 157
Tibia 236
tibiotarsus, of chicken 236
tides 209
tiger 227
Tiktaalik 7880, 84, 86, 90
tin 240
Titan (of mythology) 108
Titan (moon) 260, 261
Titanis 190
titanium 240
Titanoboa 231
Titanoides 226
Titanosarcolites 143
titanosaur 80, 86
titanothere 94
thumb, opposable 99
toad 81
Toba 97
Tommaso da Modena 150
tools, stone 99, 100
tooth xi, 63, 65, 679, 71, 72, 75, 94, 106, 228
Torquay 96
Torridonian 218
tortoise 62, 2059
Toulouse, University 165
tracheal system 25
Transantactic Mountains 220
tree-rings, annual 110, 111, 221
trepan (sea cucumber) 102
trepanning 238
Treptichnus pedum 7, 9
Triassic 84, 85, 913, 162, 171, 181, 186, 226, 253
Triassic-Jurassic boundary 80, 81, 85
Triceratops 86
Tridacna gigas 46
trigonotarbid 43, 44
trilobite 1, 6, 911, 13, 15, 19, 34, 35, 368, 40, 41, 44, 65, 67, 144, 218
trilobite eye 35, 37
trinucleid trilobite 37
triploblast 6, 33
Trirachodon 92
Triton 260
Trotter, Julie 212, 213
Troy 124
tsunami 225
Tudor kings 223
tufa, calcareous 255
tumbleweed xi, 120, 121
Tumbleweed 120
Tumbleweed! 120
Tumbleweeds 120
turmi 230
Turner, Joseph MallordWilliam 199
turnip 96
turtle 88, 90, 91
tusk, of narwhal 228
Tyrannosaurus 86
Tyrannosaurus rex 22, 48, 82, 85
uintatheres 94
Uintatherium 227
unconformity, geological 218
United States 217, 219
United States Geological Survey 254
uranium 9
Urey, Harold 202, 203
Urthiere 152
USA 192, 198, 236
Useless Loop 255
Utah 11
Ute Native Americans 11
vampire bat 184, 194
vampire (human) 193, 234
Vampyr, The 234
Vargula hilgendorfii 39, 159
Varnhem 10
Vastergotland 10
Venerable Bede 51
Venus 176, 247, 260
Vermeij, Geerat 49
Verne, Jules 49, 53, 129
vertebral column 66
vertebrate 11, 22, 33, 42, 44, 59, 61, 62, 64, 66, 67, 69, 71, 73, 78, 81, 85, 87, 90, 92, 94, 95, 101, 167, 181, 192, 212, 228, 237
vertebrate, ancestral 66, 74
Viking invasion 124
Villepreux-Power, Jeanne 52, 53, 54
Vintana 226
Virginia 219
Volaticotherium 186, 192, 193
volcanic spring 178
volcano 97, 127, 1379, 199
volcano, ocean island 139
volcanic ash 9, 99
volcanism 225, 247
Voltaire 182
Volvox 120
vulture 185
Wagner, Andreas 187
Walcott, Charles Doolittle 13, 64, 65, 254, 255
Wales 28, 93, 217, 219, 250
‘Walking Palm’ 119
Wallace, Alfred Russel 104, 156
walrus 94
Wangaratta 121
Warsaw uprising 57
Washington 13, 72
wasp nest 58
Wattieza 113
Weaver, Sigourney 21
Wegener, Alfred 216
Welch, Racquel 60, 185
Welland, Michael 18
Wells, H.G. 105
Wells, John West 20911
Welsh Borderland 43, 223
Welsh slates 11
Western Australia 145, 256
West Turkana 100
whale 33, 61, 94, 227, 235
whale, baleen 73, 228
whale, blue 22, 82, 108, 227, 228, 230
Whalebones, The 227
whale shark 73
whale, sperm 25
whelk 44
Whitby 51
White House 251
White Mountains 110
Whittle, Sir Frank 49
Wight, Isle of 151
Wilson, John Tuzo 216
wine 224
wings, insect 179
Wiwaxia 31, 32
wiwaxiid 59
wolf 235
Wolverton, James 108
wombat, giant 229
Wonderful Life 254
Wood, Stan 80
woodcock 184
wooden leg 239, 240
Wood Street 227
World Foraminifera Database 155
worm 6, 15, 16, 31, 32, 45, 130, 208
worm, polychaete 26
worm, priapulid 7, 16, 26, 59
worm tooth 68
worm, velvet 26, 27, 32
Wortmania 226
Wrangel Island 12
wren 189
Wren, Sir Christopher 51, 151
Wright, Orville 195
Wrisberg, Heinrich August 152
Wyndham, John 162
Wyoming 192
X-ray 246
Yarra River 112
‘year without a summer’ 199, 234
Yorkshire 51
Yucatan 225
Yukon river 117
Yunnan Province 13, 15, 16, 17, 30, 66
Zeus 124
Zhou, Min 76
Zinc 146
zircon 9
Zoological Museum, Kiel 198
zoophyte 129
zooplankton 166
zooxanthellae 132, 231