Index

Achilles Heel 16

adventure 40, 199-203

AIDS 19, 22

Alexander, Sally 51

Almond, H.H. 198

Anderson, Gregory 204

armed forces, and masculinity 65-6

Arnold, Thomas 84-5, 112, 139

Ashley, Lord Anthony, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury 84

associations

all-male 37-9

see also clubs

Australia, emigration to 173-4, 179, 183, 184, 207-8

bachelors 42-3, 107, 111, 114, 207-8

Baden-Powell, Robert 42, 50, 195, 196, 199-200

Bagehot, Walter 97

Bailey, Peter 32

Baines, Dudley 181

Barrett Browning, Elizabeth 88

bearing of arms 65-6

Benson, Edward 33, 89, 111, 141

Benson, Mary 48, 137

Best, Geoffrey 179

Binfield, Clyde 161

Bly, Robert 16, 17

Boy Scouts 13, 40, 42, 50, 196

Boyd, Kelly 32, 193

Boys' Brigade 196

Brantlinger, Patrick 199

Bratton, J.S. 192

Bray, Alan 17

Breay, John 137

breeching 137

Bright, John 97

Bristow, Joseph 32

British Empire see imperialism

Bushnell, Horace 135

Butler, Samuel 139, 142

cadet corps 197-8

Caine, Barbara 140

Canada, emigration to 183, 185-6

Carlyle, Thomas 42, 66, 87, 88, 93, 185

Carpenter, Edward 17, 18, 22, 103, 109, 120

Carpenter, Lant 134

Chartist movement 40, 64

children

Methodist upbringing 163-6

nurturing of 138-41, 160

parental roles 133-5

Chinn, Carl 41

Christopher, J.S. 182

Clare, Anthony 19

Clark, Anna 34, 40, 64, 68

Clarke, Adam 164

class

and manliness 94-7

and masculinity 37, 39-41, 46, 63-6

clerical work 46, 204-5

clubs, male 38, 90, 114

Cobbe, Frances Power 43

Cobbett, William 37, 39, 130, 138, 176

code of honour 74

Cohen, Michèle 73, 88

Collini, Stefan 31, 65, 76, 94

Colonial Land and Emigration Commission 178-9

colonialism see imperialism

conduct book 83

Conneli, R.W. 4, 6, 44, 63, 68

Conrad, Joseph 118

Contagious Diseases Acts 116

Cooper, J. Fenimore 83

corporal punishment 134

Cott, Nancy 135

Craik, Dinah 140

Creighton, Mandell 92

Curtin, Michael 97-8

dandy 83

Davidoff, Leonore 16, 70

Family Fortunes 1, 5, 18, 34, 41-2, 63, 108, 130, 149, 166

Davies, Emily 91

Davis, Natalie Zemon 29

Dawson, Graham 32

de Groot, Joanna 193

de Quincey, Thomas 49

degeneration, British Empire 195

Demolins, Edmond 110

Digby, Anne 179

discipline, parental 134

divorce 116-17

domestic violence 43, 66-7

domesticity

and masculinity 70-1

rejection of 106-11

and religion 149-66

sociability 90-1

see also family; household

Doyle, Arthur Conan 40, 107

duelling, end of 65, 74

effeminacy 63-4, 73

eighteenth century, masculinity 63-5

Ellis, Sarah 129, 134, 140, 142, 149

Emerson, Ralph Waldo 67, 107

emigration 173-87, 196, 207-8

employment, of women 23-4, 37, 204

Engels, Friedrich 24

Erickson, Charlotte 181

Escott, T.H.S. 109

etiquette 83

Eton School 84

Evangelicalism 74-6, 90, 108

see also Methodists

Everitt, Alan 159

Faludi, Susan 19, 20

family

parental roles 109-11, 131-2

size of 105-6

studies of 5-6, 148-9

see also domesticity

fatherhood 109-11, 129-43, 159-60

see also patriarchy

femininity, and manliness 91-2

feminism 15-16, 29-30

see also women

fiction 40, 118, 199, 201

Filene, Peter 143

Fletcher, Anthony 64, 72

Fox, Henry 71

Foyster, Elizabeth 14

fratemalism 38, 70-1

Froude, J.A. 40, 90, 108

Gaskell, Elizabeth 85, 165

Gaskeli, William 139

Gay, Peter 33, 106, 118, 163

Gender & History 16

gender identity 72-4, 105

gender relations 20-1, 91-2, 113

and imperialism 193-4, 203-8

gender studies, historical 29-30

gentlemanliness 86-98

Gibbon, Edward 22

Gillis, John 139

Gilmore, David 78

Gilmour, Robin 88

Girouard, Mark 109

Gissing, George 120

Gladstone, W.E. 97

golden age 17

Goldswain, Jeremiah 175-6, 177, 180, 184

Gordon, General 194

Gosse, Edmund 139

Green, Martin 199

Greenwood, Sarah 181

Greg, W.R. 108

Haggard, H. Rider 32, 107, 118, 201

Haines, Robin 174, 179

Hale, Margaret 97

Hall, Catherine 49, 202

Family Fortunes 1, 5, 18, 34, 41-2, 63, 108, 130, 149, 166

Hammerton, A. James 36, 66, 116, 129, 149, 174

Hardy, Thomas 120

Harrison, Brian 114

Harrison, Frederic 120

Hassam, Andrew 187

Havelcsck, Henry 66

Heaton, John 139

'hegemonic masculinity' 44, 45, 68

Henty, G.A. 32, 201, 206

heroism 66

hierarchies, masculine 51

history, relevance 25-6

Hobson, J.A. 192, 202

Holden, Isaac 6, 33, 75, 89, 150, 153-7, 162, 164

Holden, Sarah (née Sugden) 153-7, 162-3

homosexuality 16, 17, 22, 38-9, 43, 114-15

homosociality 38, 70-1, 114-15, 206, 207-8

Houghton, Walter 31

household

masculine status 36-7, 66-7

see also domesticity; family

Housman, Laurence 104, 113, 120

Howells, Gary 179

Hughes, Thomas 32, 98, 137

Hunt, Margaret 64, 70

hunting 65, 185-6, 199

Hursthouse, Christopher 180

imperialism

and adventure 199-203

and emigration 173-87, 196

gender relations 203-8

and masculinity 6-7, 46, 49-50, 193-4

New Imperialism 7, 192-209

threats to 194-5

independence, emigrants 181-4

individualism, and manliness 93

James, John Angell 90, 149, 164

Kimmel, Michael 20

Kingsley, Charles 33, 88, 94, 132

Kingston, W.H.G. 199

Kipling, Rudyard 118, 207

Kitchener, Lord 110, 206

Krenis, Lee 141

Labouchère, Henry 43

labour market, gendered 23-4

lane, Joan 78

Laqueur, Thomas 68, 91

Lawrence, T.E. 22

Leavy, Barbara 130

leisure 89

Lewis, Sarah 133

liberalism

Linton, Eliza Lynn 92

Livingstone, David 202

Lucas, William 137, 139

Lyall, Alfred 201

MacKenzie, John 199, 203

Macmillan, Daniel 94

male bonding see homosociality

Mangan, J.A, 31

manhood, making of 13-44

manliness

and class 94-7

definition 2-4, 72-3

and emigration 185-6

and feminine other 91-2

and gentlemanliness 86-9, 97-8

history 13-26

parental influence 48-9

parental training 135-8

Victorian ideals 31-4

and work ethic 92-3

manners 83

Mansfield, Harvey 89

marriage

avoidance of 111

and sexuality 33

women's rights 116-17, 205

masculinity

and class 37, 39-41, 46, 63-6

crisis 19-21, 24-5, 45-6, 119

definition 2-4, 24, 72-3

and emigration 176-87, 207-8

and fatherhood 132-5

'hegemonic masculinity' 44, 45, 68

historiography 61-3

history 18, 29-51

and imperialism 6-7, 46, 49-50, 193-4

and power 34-5

and sexuality 68-9

and work 37

McClelland, Keith 45, 96

Menzies, George 183

Merrill, George 17

Methley, James 182

Methodists

domesticity 6, 150-66

see also Evangelicalism

middle class

masculinity 39-40, 63-4

work 37

Midgley, Clare 193

military training, and masculinity 65-6

Mill, John Stuart 16-18, 33, 35, 133

Mintz, Steven 136

More, Hannah 90

mothers, role of 48, 109-11, 134-5

Nelson, Claudia 1, 31, 92

Nenadic, Stana 71

Nevinson, Henry 120

New Imperialism 7, 192-209

'new man' 16-17

New Woman 21-2, 23, 46, 117-18, 205-6

New Zealand, emigration to 181, 207

Newcomb, Harvey 98

Newman, Gerald 88

Newsome, David 31

Norton, Rictor 17

nursery 138-9

Ord, William 198

Pankhurst, Richard 120

parents

influence 48-9

roles 109-11, 133-4, 165

see also family; fatherhood

Parkes, Henry 173-4, 180

Patmore, Coventry 40

patriarchy 4-5, 35, 51

challenge to 115-18

see also fathers

Peterson, M. Jeanne 6, 134, 148, 149

Pethick-Lawrence, Frederick 113

Phillips, Richard 201

physical education 196-8

Pilkington, William 184

playfulness 138-41

politeness 83-91

Pollock, Linda 134

Poor Law 178-9

Potter, Richard 140

power, and masculinity 34-5

Price, Richard 203

Pringle, Thomas 182

Pritchard, Joshua 6, 150-3, 161, 164, 166

Pritchard, Mary 150-1, 163

prostitution 33, 67

public schools 84-5, 111-14, 138, 197-8

Quatermain, Allan 206

racism 49-50

Ravenhill, Mark 17

Reform Act (1867) 96

Reid, Mayne 199

religion

and domesticity 149-50

Evangelicalism 74-6, 90, 108

Methodists 6, 150-66

Riggall, Elizabeth see Stovin, Elizabeth

Roper, Lyndal 43

Roper, Michael 4, 15, 30

Rosaldo, Michelle 35

Rose, Sonya 45, 95

Rosman, Doreen 164

Ross, Ellen 41

Rotundo, Anthony 14

Rousseau, Jean Jacques 30

Rugby School 84-5, 112

Ruskin, John 33

Ryan, Mary 135

Sandford, Elizabeth 134

Sargent, G.E. 165

schools 84-5, 111-14, 138, 196-8

Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky 38, 107, 114

Seeley, J.R. 131

Segal, Lynne 20-1

'separate spheres' 69-71, 109-10

Sewell, Sarah 134

sexual experimentation, young men 67

sexual relations, Methodists 155, 163

sexuality

ambiguous 22-3

and manliness 33

'two-sex' model 68-9

see also homosexuality

Shoemaker, Robert 70

Showalter, Elaine 21, 22, 46, 118

Silcox, Joseph 183

Simpson, Antony 68

Slade, Robert 183

Smiles, Samuel 92, 95

sociability 90-1

social identity, masculinity 44-6

South Africa, emigration to 175-6, 182, 186

South African War 196, 203

speech, manly 87-8

Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn 85

Stanley, H.M. 202

Stead, W.T. 39, 115

Steevens, George 201

Stephen, James 140

Stephen, James Fitzjames 86, 88, 98

Stevenson, Robert Louis 107, 206

Stovin, Cornelius 6, 139, 150, 158-60, 163, 165, 166

Stovin, Elizabeth (née Riggall) 158, 168

Sugden, Sarah see Holden, Sarah

Surtees, R.S. 65

syphilis 22

Taine, Hippolyte 87, 131

Tait, A.C, 140

Taylor, Barbara 51

Taylor, Helen 17

Taylor, Isaac 74

team sports 197-8

Thackeray, W.M. 95

Thornton, John 97-8

Townsend, Meredith 118-19

Trumbach, Randolph 138

United States, fraternal lodges 38

Vance, Norman 31

Vernon, J.R. 98

Vickery, Amanda 65, 70

Victorian ideals, manliness 31-4

Vincent, John 96

Wahrman, Dror 65

Wait, William 175

Wakefield, Edward Gibbon 182

Webb, Beatrice 140

Weeks, Jeffrey 16

Wells, Robin Headlam 15

Wesley, John 162, 163

Wilberforce, William 140

Wilde, Oscar 22, 39, 115

Willis, Paul 37

Wollstonecraft, Mary 69

women

as Angel Mother 108, 110, 135, 148

domesticity 108-11

emigrants 176-7

employment 23-4, 37, 204

family life 148-9

manliness 92

New Woman 21-2, 23, 46, 117-18, 205-6

suffrage movement 103-4, 113, 116-21

see also feminism

work, and masculinity 37

work ethic 15, 74-5, 92-3

working class

and imperialism 202-3

masculinity 37, 40-1, 64, 76

young men, behaviour of 42-3, 67

Youngbusband, Francis 113