Index
Allison, Dorothy, 52, 56, 162, 189, 193; attendance at Sagaris Feminist Institute, 26, 53; attitude toward incest, 125–26; as author of S/M erotica, 56; Bastard out of Carolina, 55–57, 136–39, 169–70; Bone’s rape in Bastard Out of Carolina, 136–39; correspondence with Mab Segrest, 102; early feminism of, 3, 4, 27–28, 38, 65, 90, 110, 146; as employee of Conditions magazine, 47, 53, 90; grotesque (southern gothic) writer, 102–4, 106–7; involvement with Quest magazine, 47, 53; involvement with WIP Movement, 57; as member of Lesbian Sex Mafia, 110; and Cherrie Moraga, 11, 89; relationship with Bertha Harris, 34, 35, 53, 56, 106; relationship with Barbara Smith, 11, 47, 89; Trash, 47, 53, 55, 80, 106; The Women Who Hate Me, 53; as a writer of southern identity, 5, 6
Amazon Quarterly, 15, 28, 30–31, 40, 44
anti-Klan activism, 61, 65, 76–77, 80, 135
antiracist coalitions, 15, 75–83, 90, 96, 174
Antoniou, Laura, 192–93
Anzaldua, Gloria, 182; Borderlands/La Frontera, 182; This Bridge Called My Back, 89
Applesauce (Arnold), 21
archive of southern lesbian feminism, 3, 6, 7, 11, 13, 15, 16, 39, 57, 63–64, 75, 83, 86, 88, 98, 103–4, 107, 113–17, 118, 121, 133–34, 136, 139, 143–47, 148–51, 157, 179, 195
archives, 1, 2, 8, 10, 14, 89, 110, 141; feminist, 9. See also archive of southern lesbian feminism
Arnold, June, 43, 44, 158, 162, 165, 191, 194; Applesauce, 21; association with avant-garde, 33–34, 42; Baby Houston, 39, 125; The Cook and the Carpenter, 25, 31, 32, 40, 115–16, 150–57; early childhood of, 17; founding of Daughters, Inc., 3, 15, 17, 30, 31–33, 35–39, 48–49; involvement in early women’s liberation, 18, 24–25, 26, 64; involvement in Women in Print Conference, 17; involvement with Sinister Wisdom, 39, 40, 41, 44; move to Greenwich Village, 17, 40; published in Amazon Quarterly, 31, 40; Sister Gin, 84–85, 120–21
avant-garde, 15, 18, 25, 31, 33, 37, 42, 49, 51, 52, 56, 194. See also esoteric fiction; feminist avant-garde
Baby Houston (Arnold), 39, 125
Bastard out of Carolina (Allison), 55–57, 169–70; Bone’s rape in, 136–39
Bereano, Nancy, 47, 55; role as publisher at Crossing Press, 47; role as publisher at Firebrand Press, 55, 80
Bone, Martyn, 4
boundary publics, 167–68, 171, 174
Boyd, Blanche McCrary, 6, 11, 56, 57, 126, 129, 163; attendance at Sagaris Feminist Institute, 65; and Daughters, Inc., 3, 32; early feminism of, 26, 32, 65, 110, 123; Mourning the Death of Magic, 55, 123–24; Nerves, 32, 40, 55, 165; The Redneck Way of Knowledge, 55, 162; relationship with June Arnold, 26, 110; The Revolution of Little Girls, 55, 162, 182; Terminal Velocity, 63, 109–10, 146, 161–64
Brady, Maureen, 26; contributor to Sinister Wisdom, 86; and Feminary collective, 80, 86; Folly, 47, 83, 86–88; Spinsters Ink, 26, 86
Brown, Rita Mae, 4, 6, 15, 33, 39, 50, 81, 83, 126, 128, 129–32, 148, 189; and Amazon Quarterly, 31; and Daughters, Inc., 3; early activism with Radicalesbians, 25, 26, 27, 65, 94; early activism as Lavender Menace, 25, 65; early childhood, 25; and Feminary, 47; The Hand that Cradles the Rock, 65–67; and The Ladder, 24, 27; A Plain Brown Rapper, 67; relationship with Charlotte Bunch, 25, 110; relationship with Fannie Flagg, 110; relationship with Martina Navratilova, 110; Rubyfruit Jungle, 32, 35, 117–20, 122, 146–47; and Sinister Wisdom, 44; Six of One, 118; Southern Discomfort, 132
Bunch, Charlotte, 25, 38, 47, 110
Butler, Judith, 107
But Some of Us Are Brave, 89
Campaign for Southern Equality, 195
Catching Saradove (Harris), 21
civil rights, 15, 26, 65, 71, 75–76, 78, 80, 89, 96, 174. See also civil rights movement
civil rights movement, 60–61, 135, 194. See also civil rights
Clausen, Jan, 44
Clenched Fists, Burning Crosses (South), 47, 76, 80, 135, 138
communes, 16, 17, 26, 32, 47, 53, 62, 65, 143–47, 148–65, 165–70
Confessions of a Failed Southern Lady (King), 157, 189
Confessions of Cherubino (Harris), 104–47, 165
consciousness raising, 24, 34, 62–67, 110, 146
Cook and the Carpenter, The (Arnold), 25, 31, 32, 40, 115–16, 150–57
Crime against Nature (Pratt), 8, 53–54, 83–86
Cvetkovich, Ann, 138
Desmoines, Harriet, 26, 38, 40, 41, 44–47, 128, 146
Diana Press, 27, 33, 49, 66; lawsuit against, 50; Sex Variant Women reprint, 50
Duck, Leigh Anne, 4–5
Enchanted Clitoris, The (King), 158–61
Ennis, Catherine, 146; member of artist collective, 92; South of the Line, 92–94
Enszer, Julie, 11, 31, 37, 89, 90, 190
esoteric fiction, 20–21, 31, 35, 38, 49
Farr, Cecilia Konchar, 18
Feminary, 3, 15, 38, 45, 80, 89, 147; early life as a newsletter, 45; key themes and writers for, 78–80, 86, 90, 98; reinvention as southern lesbian journal, 46–47, 78. See also Pratt, Minnie Bruce; Segrest, Mab; South, Cris
feminist avant-garde, 18, 30–31, 32, 34, 35. See also esoteric fiction
feminist bookstores, 1, 2, 3, 12, 15, 16, 18, 26–27, 31, 33, 38, 52–55, 57, 65, 185, 190–92
feminist poetry, 65
feminist presses, 1–3, 11, 31, 33, 35, 41, 42, 49, 50, 56, 90. See also Bella Books; Bold Strokes Books; Bywater Books; Diana Press; Kitchen Table Press; Naiad Press; Persephone Press; Women’s Press Collective
Fifth Street Takeover, 24, 31, 64, 151. See also The Cook and the Carpenter
Firebrand Press, 3, 47, 55, 80
Flagg, Fannie, 3, 6, 65; Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Café, 94, 170–76, 189; I Still Dream about You, 94–98, 189; life in California, 26; relationship with Rita Mae Brown, 110
Forrest, Katherine: Curious Wine, 51, 191; editing for Naiad Press, 51, 191
Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Café (Flagg), 94, 170–76, 189
Garden of Eden, queer, 116, 178, 179, 187
gay pulp, 21–22, 37, 113, 119, 126, 192
Gearheart, Sally, 147, 149, 150; The Wanderground, 147–48, 150
Gidlow, Elsa, 50
Golden Crown Literary Society, 193–94
Grahn, Judy, 24, 25, 27, 31, 37
Gray, Mary, 5; boundary publics, 167–68; Out in the Country, 141, 167–68
Grier, Barbara, 18, 37, 56, 158, 190, 191, 193–94; as bibliophile, 17, 19–23; fictional appearance in Outrageous, 185–89; founding of Naiad Press, 1, 3, 7, 15, 48–52, 89, 190, 191; relationship with Bertha Harris, 36, 38, 114; relationship with June Arnold, 40, 49; relationship with Rita Mae Brown, 50; tributes to Granny Grier, 41–42, 189; work for The Ladder, 15, 19, 23–24, 27, 36, 41–42, 48, 50
Grove Press, 21
Hand that Cradles the Rock, The (Brown), 65–67
Harris, Bertha, 3, 15, 25, 28, 29, 38, 41, 44, 47, 49, 50, 52, 82, 83, 102, 104, 115, 126, 190, 191, 194; Catching Saradove, 21; Confessions of Cherubino, 104–47, 165; and early women’s liberation, 12, 26, 41, 53, 108–10; Joy of Lesbian Sex, 37; love for The Ladder, 36–37; Lover, 12, 37, 38, 51, 52, 55, 114, 122–24, 126–29, 146, 147, 165; relationship with June Arnold, 21, 25, 30, 32–35, 37, 39, 42–43, 44, 49, 52
HB 1523 (Mississippi legislation), 59, 188
Hesford, Victoria, 13
heteropatriarchy, 66, 116, 131, 164
Highsmith, Patricia, 50; The Price of Salt, 50, 119
Hogan, Kristen, 38
HRC Project One America, 58–59
incest, 16, 32, 55, 65, 104, 132; connection to lesbian stereotypes, 117, 121–29; connection to southern stereotypes, 99, 102, 105, 106, 117, 123, 124, 126; critique of, 128, 129, 138
intergenerational romance, 128, 146
intergenerational sex, 16, 104, 117, 119–21, 126
intersectionality, 9, 15, 60, 63, 64, 68, 73, 75–90, 156, 167, 187; class critique of, 5, 6, 7, 20, 28, 39, 46–47, 49, 63, 64, 71–75, 77, 83, 86, 88, 89, 92, 93, 102, 120, 129, 132, 133, 135, 152, 154, 156–57, 165, 167, 182, 188; creation of coalitions, 60, 75, 89, 92, 153, 167, 182, 186. See also antiracist coalitions
I Still Dream about You (Flagg), 94–98, 189
Johnston, Jill, 12–13; debate on feminism with Norman Mailer, 13; fictional appearance in Lover, 12, 146; friendship with Bertha Harris, 146; Lesbian Nation, 30; Town Bloody Hall, 13
Joy of Lesbian Sex (Harris), 37
King, Florence, 3, 6, 26, 104, 107–8, 159–60, 162, 165, 191; Confessions of a Failed Southern Lady, 157, 189; The Enchanted Clitoris, 158–61; “The Misanthrope’s Corner” (National Review column), 189; Southern Ladies and Gentlemen, 157, 189; When Sisterhood Was in Flower, 157–58
Kitchen Table Press, 49, 78, 89
Kreyling, Michael, 4
Ladder, The, 17, 41; early history of, 15, 19, 23–24, 27, 50, 79; Bertha Harris’s love of, 36; pilfered mailing list to Naiad Press, 23, 48, 190. See also Grier, Barbara
landykes, 16, 140–51, 157, 162, 170
lesbian desire, 37, 100, 128–29; depictions of, 88, 100, 104–11, 115, 122–25, 145, 154; “origins” of, 93
lesbian feminism, 12, 19, 26, 31, 35, 37, 39, 53, 76, 83, 86, 88, 107, 150, 157, 190, 194; historical reevaluation, 9, 11–14; history of, 12–14, 15–16, 110; role in lesbian sex wars, 12; and southern lesbian feminists, 12–14, 45, 47, 57, 63–64, 89, 97–98, 103, 104, 113–16, 118, 121, 123, 133, 134, 136, 139, 142, 145, 147–48, 151, 195
lesbian modernism: Margaret Anderson, 31; Djuna Barnes, 29, 37; Natalie Barney, 29; Hogarth Press, 30, 32; Gertrude Stein, 29, 30, 37, 51; Renee Vivien, 30; Virginia Woolf, 30, 32, 37
lesbian mysteries, 51
lesbian pulp, 19–20, 36–37, 119, 194; Ann Bannon, 20, 36; Bertha Harris’s parody of, 36–37; Valerie Taylor, 20. See also gay pulp; Highsmith, Patricia; pulp
lesbian romance, 32, 51, 92–93, 190, 191, 193; Curious Wine as example of, 51
lesbian sex wars, 11, 53, 111, 158
Lesbiana, 19–23, 52, 145. See also Grier, Barbara
lesfic, 189–95
Lethe Press, 192
LICE (Literary Industrial Corporate Establishment), 38, 51
literary works, 2, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 24, 25, 37, 39, 51, 52–57, 64, 90, 100–3, 105, 121, 129, 139, 140, 158, 168, 169, 189–94; avant-garde versus popular, 56 (see also avant-garde); competing definitions of, 4–5, 7, 15, 18–19, 34–35, 47, 49–50; enmeshment with southern nostalgia, 7, 60, 96, 157, 168, 175, 182, 183, 191; feminist debate over, 18–19, 22–23, 27–29, 31, 47; about lesbianism, 30–31, 35, 39, 42, 44, 45, 52–57, 113–14, 126, 193; traditional definitions of, 15, 28, 103, 106, 126. See also esoteric fiction; LICE
Lover (Harris), 12, 37, 38, 51, 52, 55, 114, 122–24, 126–29, 146, 147, 165
Loving Her (Shockley), 26
Marchant, Anyda, 48–49
Memoir of a Race Traitor (Segrest), 55, 80, 81
Millett, Kate, 13, 24, 25, 32, 75
Moraga, Cherrie, 11, 89; This Bridge Called My Back, 89
Movement in Black (Parker), 80
Mourning the Death of Magic (Boyd), 55, 123–24
My Mama’s Dead Squirrel (Segrest), 47, 80, 102
Naiad Press, 1, 2, 3, 7, 11, 15, 17, 24, 28, 48–53, 56, 89, 92, 116–17, 179, 190–91; founding of, 17, 48–50; funding by Anyda Marchant, 48; Naiad Press novelists: Pat Califia, 50; Katherine Forrest, 51; Patricia Highsmith, 50; Jane Rule, 50; Gertrude Stein, 30; Renee Vivien, 30. See also Grier, Barbara; lesbian mysteries; lesbian romances; Shockley, Ann Allen; Taylor, Sheila Ortiz
National Review, 189
Nerves (Boyd), 32, 40, 55, 165
new southern studies, 4
Nicholson, Catherine, 11, 46; attendance at first Women in Print Conference, 38, 41; founding of Sinister Wisdom, 25, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 128; relationship with Bertha Harris, 25, 38, 47, 52; relationship with Harriet Desmoines, 26, 38, 40, 41, 45, 47, 128, 146; relationship with June Arnold, 39, 40, 44, 47, 52
nonbinary identity, 127
Olivia Records, 25
Out in the Country (Gray), 141, 167–68
Paperback originals, 15, 17, 18, 19–23, 31, 35–36, 48, 91. See also pulp
Parker, Pat, 15, 65, 76, 89, 90, 110; Movement in Black, 80; Pit Stop, 67–71; relationship with Judy Grahn and Women’s Press collective, 25, 27, 67; Where Would I Be without You, 25; Womanslaughter, 72–75
Pensacola Pride, 166–68
Pit Stop (Parker), 67–71
Plain Brown Rapper, A (Brown), 67
Polyamory, 9, 104, 110, 117–19
Pratt, Minnie Bruce, 3, 4, 9, 11, 63–64, 65, 79, 88, 189; association with Feminary Collective, 15, 45, 47, 78–80, 89, 90; Crime against Nature, 48, 53–54, 83–86; loss of children, 26, 53, 84; Rebellion, 55, 81–83; relationship with Cris South, 3, 15, 45, 90, 110; relationship with Leslie Feinberg, 81; relationship with Mab Segrest, 3, 11, 15, 26, 45, 80, 86, 89, 90; winner of Lamont Poetry Prize, 53–54, 84
Price of Salt, The (Highsmith), 50, 119
prostitution, 91, 104, 117, 129–33
pulp, 15, 18, 36, 37, 192, 194. See also gay pulp
queer contact zone, 140–47, 166–88
queer sexuality, 6, 14, 15, 20, 99–100, 129–30, 143–44; complicity with conservative power structure, 104, 119, 126, 135, 139, 150, 152; depictions of, 106; liberatory potential of, 3, 33, 59, 103–4, 108–11, 176
queer South, 10, 14, 15–16, 59, 129, 166, 182, 185, 195
queer space, 6–7, 14, 16, 140–53, 159, 166–71, 175, 178, 187
queer theory, 3, 8, 12, 14, 16, 102, 104, 108, 111–13, 139
radical feminism, 24, 26, 55, 129, 164. See also second-wave feminism; women’s liberation
radicalism in the South, 6, 15, 47, 61, 65, 83, 58–98, 129
rape, 4, 16, 62, 63, 73, 74, 77, 78, 99, 101, 102, 104, 105, 117, 133–39, 149, 150, 161, 169, 175, 176; critique of, 73, 74, 133–39; depictions of in archive of southern lesbian feminism, 16, 73–74, 77–78, 99, 101, 105–7, 117, 134–39, 149–50, 161, 169, 175–76; as tool of patriarchal control, 73, 77, 78, 133–39, 150, 176
rape crisis centers, 62
Redneck Way of Knowledge, The (Boyd), 55, 162
Revolution of Little Girls, The (Boyd), 55, 162, 182
Rich, Adrienne, 12–13, 31, 45, 53, 65, 128
Romine, Scott, 7
Rubyfruit Jungle (Brown), 32, 35, 117–20, 122, 146–47
Sagaris Feminist Institute, 26, 53, 65
Say Jesus and Come to Me (Shockley), 91–92, 116–17, 132–33
Seajay, Carol, 38
second-wave feminism, 109, 144. See also radical feminism; women’s liberation
SEC Women’s Basketball Tournament, 140
Segrest, Mab, 3, 11, 15, 65, 81, 86, 88, 189; association with Feminary Collective, 45, 80, 89–90; early life, 26; Memoir of a Race Traitor, 55, 80, 81; My Mama’s Dead Squirrel, 47, 80, 102
Shelley, Martha, 23
Shockley, Ann Allen, 3, 89; Loving Her, 26; Say Jesus and Come to Me, 91–92, 116–17, 132–33
Sinister Wisdom, 3, 15, 25, 39, 40–45, 62, 86, 128, 144, 146, 190
Sister Gin (Arnold), 84–85, 120–21
Six of One (Brown), 118
Smith, Barbara, 11, 47, 78, 89
South, Cris, 3, 81; Clenched Fists, Burning Crosses, 47, 76, 80, 135, 138; membership in Feminary, 15, 45, 78, 90; relationship with Dorothy Allison, 90; relationship with Minnie Bruce Pratt, 110
southern agrarians, 4; Feminary’s revision of “the southern tradition,” 46, 47
Southern Discomfort (Brown), 132
southern gothic, 16, 99, 100–4, 105–8, 113, 121, 126, 129, 139, 159, 160
southern grotesque, 16, 99–104, 113–14, 122, 134, 139; grotesque camp form of, 104–8
southern history, 81, 94; Confederate distortion of, 61, 140–41, 165, 180, 183; revisionist versions of, 10, 61, 92, 180, 195
Southern Ladies and Gentlemen (King), 157, 189
southern lesbian feminism. See lesbian feminism
South of the Line (Ennis), 92–94
Taylor, Sheila Ortiz, 50, 89; Faultline, 50, 51; and Naiad Press, 50; Outrageous, 179, 180–87, 189; relationship with Barbara Grier, 189
Terminal Velocity (Boyd), 63, 109–10, 146, 161–64
This Bridge Called My Back, 89
Trash (Allison), 47, 53, 55, 80, 106
“trash” fiction, 19, 20, 35, 48–52, 56, 193. See also Grier, Barbara; lesbian pulp; paperback originals
Walker, Alice, 125, 189; early civil rights activism, 26, 65, 76; In Search of Our Mother’s Gardens, 76; The Color Purple, 26, 51, 55, 76, 118, 119, 124, 129, 134, 135, 175, 176; work for Ms. Magazine, 26
Wanderground, The (Gearheart), 147–48, 150
Warner, Michael, 14
When Sisterhood Was in Flower (King), 157–58
Where Would I Be without You (Parker), 25
Womanslaughter (Parker), 72–75
Women in Print Movement (WIP), 2–3, 15–19, 26, 28, 31–35, 38, 41, 54, 57, 185, 189–94
women of color feminism, 7, 11, 78, 89, 90
women’s liberation, 12, 13, 26, 32, 34, 46, 54, 75, 103, 104, 108, 109, 111, 113, 119, 121, 129, 133, 143, 146, 157, 158, 162, 167; histories of, 7–11, 63; misconceptions about, 91; role of southern lesbian feminists in, 11, 17–19, 23–27, 62–65, 113, 129; role of print culture within, 17–19, 23–27, 30, 32, 34, 46, 54, 67, 158, 161–63. See also lesbian feminism; radical feminism; second-wave feminism
Women’s Press Collective, 27, 33, 67, 146
Women Who Hate Me, The (Allison), 53