Illustrations

Photographs

  1.1    The French battle line followed by the aircraft carrier Béarn.

  1.2    L’Indomptable, one of the Le Malin class of contre-torpilleurs.

  1.3    Le Fantasque during the war.

  1.4    The French battleship Strasbourg at Toulon.

  1.5    The French battleship Richelieu passes under the East River’s Manhattan Bridge.

  2.1    V 1309, a German patrol boat, former trawler Kapitän Stemmer, in the British Channel.

  2.2    The German Panzerschiff Deutschland running trials in Kiel Bay.

  2.3    The German Type IXC submarine U-124 preparing her 105-mm gun.

  2.4    The MFP F 411, her ramp missing, makes her way through France from the river Seine to the Rhone.

  2.5    Scene on board the German battleship Tirpitz.

  3.1    The heavy cruiser Cornwall and the carrier Hermes on the China Station.

  3.2    A Fairey Swordfish takes off from a converted grain carrier operating as merchant aircraft carrier.

  3.3    Ark Royal, the Royal Navy’s most modern carrier in 1939.

  3.4    The British escort carrier HMS Ameer refuels a Royal Canadian Navy destroyer.

  4.1    The Italian light cruiser Abruzzi fitting out in 1937.

  4.2    Italian officer candidates learning the use of a sextant.

  4.3    The torpedo boat Calliope in 1941.

  4.4    The heads of government and the navy aboard the light cruiser Montecuccoli in June 1942.

  5.1    The impressive lines of the heavy cruiser Myōkō in August 1934.

  5.2    A prewar shot of Japanese “Sea Scouts” practicing semaphore on the deck of Mikasa.

  5.3    The light cruiser Tenryu dressed for a prewar occasion.

  5.4    The Japanese battleship Haruna wrecked in Kure Harbor immediately postwar.

  6.1    Admiral Ernest J. King and Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox aboard the cruiser Augusta.

  6.2    Battleship Oklahoma leading the U.S. battle line during a prewar exercise.

  6.3    SBD-3s of Bombing Squadron Five warm up on the deck of aircraft carrier Yorktown.

  6.4    U.S. Coast Guardsmen swim under the bow of Kinugawa Maru.

  7.1    Soviet S-class submarines.

  7.2    The Soviets had success mounting tank turrets aboard small gunboats for coastal and riverine missions.

  7.3    Nikolaev shipyard in 1941

Tables

  1.1    Budgetary Estimates for the Marine Nationale 1933–1939

  1.2    Major Units on 3 September 1939

  2.1    Allied Submarines Sunk by German Antisubmarine Operations during World War II

  2.2    Germany’s Naval Construction Program, Orders up to the End of 1938

  2.3    Major Warships as of 1 September 1939 and Wartime Additions

  2.4    Fuel and Diesel Oil Reserves of the Kriegsmarine

  2.5    Nominal and Operational Strength of the German U-boat Arm during World War II

  2.6    Allied Losses Caused by German Forces

  2.7    German Losses Caused by Allied Forces

  2.8    Allied Merchant Ships Sunk in World War II

  3.1    Strength of Royal Navies of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth

  3.2    Canadian Order of Battle

  3.3    Australian Order of Battle

  4.1    Warships Available on the Outbreak of War and Subsequent Additions

  4.2    Torpedo Expenditures

  4.3    Italian Shipments to Africa 1940 Compared to 1941

  6.1    Standard Battle Plans

  7.1    Growth in Number of Officers, 1930–1941 (as of 1 January)

  7.2    Soviet Naval Personnel Strength, 1941–1945

  7.3    Red Navy Strength and Distribution on 22 June 1941

  7.4    Red Navy Strength and Distribution at the End of the War

  7.5    Red Navy Aircraft Strength on 22 June 1941 (All Types) by Fleet

  7.6    Red Navy Combat Air Strength, 1941–1945

  7.7    Total Consumption of Fuel by the Red Navy, 1941–1945 (tons)

  7.8    Major Shipbuilding Yards, Showing Workforces at Start of War

  7.9    Warships Delivered, 22 June 1941–9 May 1945

  7.10  Soviet Submarine Successes by Fleet, 1941–1945

  7.11  Soviet MTB Successes by Fleet, 1941–1945

  7.12  The Butcher’s Bill: Red Navy Losses, 1941–1945

Charts

  1.1    Marine Nationale Order of Battle, 1 September 1939

  2.1    Kriegsmarine Order of Battle, 1 September 1939

  3.1    Royal Navy Order of Battle, 3 September 1939

  4.1    Italian Armed Forces Spending FY 1930/1931–1940/1941

  4.2    Regia Marina Order of Battle, 10 June 1940

  5.1    Imperial Japanese Navy Order of Battle, 7 December 1941

  6.1    Zones of Deck and Hull Armor Penetration

  6.2    Typical Battle Formation

  6.3    United States Navy Order of Battle, 7 December 1941

  7.1    Voenno-morskoi Flot SSSR Order of Battle, 22 June 1941

Maps

  1.1    French Naval Bases

  2.1    German Naval Bases

  3.1    British Naval Bases

  4.1    Italian Naval Bases

  5.1    Japanese Naval Bases

  6.1    United States Naval Bases and Organization

  7.1    Soviet Naval Bases