Notes
INTRODUCTION
1 In January 2009, the U.S. government reported that more than 700,000 people had lost their jobs, that 4.3 million people had found jobs, and that more than 1 million vacancies remained unfilled.
1. THINKING LIKE EVERYONE ELSE CAN KEEP YOU UNEMPLOYED
1 States determine the ratio of job seekers to job openings by comparing the number of registered job seekers to a retrospective estimate of the number of jobs available. Jobs available are based on new employees added to company’s payroll. The percentage of unpublicized job opportunities results because many of the jobs filled were never listed in their state’s job opening database. Therefore, 20 percent of jobs in the Open Market and 80 percent of jobs in the Hidden Market are the accepted industry averages.
2 Getting a Job, 2nd ed., by Mark Granovetter, published in 1995 by the University of Chicago Press.
3 The Tipping Point, by Malcolm Gladwell, published in 2000 by Back Bay Books/Little, Brown and Company, chapter 2.4.
2. THE HIRING PROCESS THROUGH THE EMPLOYER’S EYES
1 What Color Is Your Parachute? A Practical Manual for Job-Hunters and Career-Changers, “Hard Times” ed., by Richard Bolles, published in 2009 by Ten Speed Press. This is the bestselling job-hunting and career-changing book in the world.
3. PADMAN—THE 6 REASONS YOU ARE HIRED OR SCREENED OUT
5. STAND OUT FROM THE CROWD BY GIVING FACTS
7. STAND OUT FROM THE CROWD BY OFFERING CREDIBLE REFERENCES
1 See
The Tipping Point (page 235).
8. STAND OUT FROM THE CROWD BY TELLING STORIES
2 See
What Color Is Your Parachute? (page 235).
11. SOLUTION TOOL 1: LEARN A NEW SKILL
1 Did You Know? 3.0: Globalization & The Information Age, rev. ed., created by Karl Fisch and modified by Scott McLeod. Video available at
www.youtube.com/9nmUB2qls.
13. SOLUTION TOOL 3: CHANGE YOUR JOB TARGET
1 The Dictionary of Occupational Titles was the creation of the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S. Department of Labor, which used its thousands of occupational definitions to match job seekers to jobs from 1939 to the late 1990s. Last revised and produced in 1991, it offered details on 12,740 job titles. It has been replaced by O*Net at
http://online.onetcenter.org.
14. SOLUTION TOOL 4: ADJUST YOUR OUTLOOK
1 Daniel Porot is one of Europe’s leading pioneers in career design and job hunting. Learn more at
www.porot.com/en/home.
17. OVERCOMING YOUR BARRIERS
PART 4. CREATING AN EFFECTIVE JOB SEARCH STRATEGY
1 See
What Color Is Your Parachute ? (page 235).
19. CHOOSING THE STRATEGY THAT’S BEST FOR YOU
1 Based on the work of Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto, who in 1906 created a mathematical formula to describe the unequal distribution of wealth in his country, observing that 20 percent of the people owned 80 percent of the wealth. In the United States in the 1930s and ’40s, Quality Management pioneer Dr. Joseph Juran recognized a universal principle that 20 percent of something is always responsible for 80 percent of the results. This Pareto’s Principle or the 80/20 Rule means that in anything a few (20 percent) are vital and many (80 percent) are trivial.
APPENDIX
1 According to the U.S. Department of Labor, the average U.S. worker changes careers three to five times during his or her lifetime.
2 See “2008 Executive Job Market Intelligence Report” (page 236).
5 Companies that a hire a military veteran who has served on active duty within the past five years may be eligible to receive a $4,800 tax credit for each veteran hired. For details, visit
www.taonline.com/employers/registerform.asp.
6 According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2008 American Community Survey, there were 37,960,935 foreign born in the United States.
7 According to the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), 32.1 million working-age people have a disability. Of them, 82.1 percent of people without a disability are employed, 76.9 percent of people with a nonsevere disability are employed, and 26.1 percent of people with a severe disability are employed (
www.infouse.com/disabilitydata/workdisability/1_1.php).
8 The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 prohibits private employers, state and local governments, employment agencies, and labor unions from discriminating against qualified individuals with disabilities in job application procedures, hiring, firing, advancement, compensation, job training, and other terms, conditions, and privileges of employment. The ADA covers employers with fifteen or more employees, including state and local governments. It also applies to employment agencies and to labor organizations (
www.eeoc.gov/facts/fs-ada.html).
9 The Federal Communications Commission has approved funding for video relay service through the Interstate Telecommunications Relay Services Fund. The cost of the high-speed Internet and telephone service is the responsibility of the user. Learn more about Sprint resources at
www.sprintrelay.com/webcaptel_go.htm.
10 According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics (
http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/index.cfm?ty=tp&tid=11), an estimated 5.6 million American adults had been imprisoned at some point in 2001. The
Total Correctional Population states that in 2008 more than 7.3 million people were on probation, in jail or prison, or on parole at year’s end—3.2 percent of all U.S. adult residents or 1 in every 31 adults.
11 According to the National Poverty Center, Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, University of Michigan’s
Effect of an Applicant’s Criminal History on Employer Hiring Decisions and Screening Practices paper (December 2004), 619 organizations in Los Angeles were surveyed in 2001 and respondents were asked whether they would accept an applicant with a criminal record for the last job they had available that did not require a college degree. 5.3 percent definitely would, 15.7 percent probably would, and for another 35.4 percent it would depend on the crime (
www.usatoday.com/money/economy/employment/2003-11-21-workers_x.htm).