NOTES

Introduction: Women, Aging, Genetics

  1.   Rappaport, S. M. “Implications of the exposome for exposure science.” Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 21, no. 1 (2011): 5–9; Rappaport, S. M., et al. “Using the blood exposome to discover causes of disease.” Agilent Technologies, September 15, 2015, accessed February 9, 2015, www.agilent.com/cs/library/technicaloverviews/ Public/5991–3418EN.pdf; Harmon, K. “Sequencing the exposome: Researchers take a cue from genomics to decipher environmental exposure’s links to disease.” Scientific American, October 21, 2010, accessed February 2, 2016, www.scientificamerican.com/article/ environmental-exposure.

  2.   “Vital Statistics Rapid Release.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, accessed April 11, 2016, www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/vsrr/mortality-dashboard.htm; Ludwig, D. S. “Lifespan weighed down by diet.” JAMA (2016).

  3.   Vincent, G. K., et al. The Next Four Decades: The Older Population in the United States: 2010 to 2050 (U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau, 2010).

  4.   Hebert, L. E., et al. “Annual incidence of Alzheimer disease in the United States projected to the years 2000 through 2050.” Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders 15, no. 4 (2001): 169–73; Alzheimer’s Association, “2015 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures.” Alzheimer’s and Dementia: Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association 11, no. 3 (2015): 332.

  5.   “U.S. breast cancer cases expected to increase by as much as 50 percent by 2030.” American Association for Cancer Research, accessed April 30, 2015, www.aacr.org/Newsroom/Pages/News-Release-Detail.aspx?ItemID=708#.VUJpv61VhBc; Brown, E. “Breast cancer cases in U.S. projected to rise as much as 50% by 2030.” Los Angeles Times, April 20, 2015, accessed April 30, 2015, www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-breast-cancer-cases-2030–20150420-story.html.

  6.   van Drielen, K., et al. “Disentangling the effects of circulating IGF-1, glucose, and cortisol on features of perceived age.” Age 37, no. 3 (2015): 1–10.

  7.   Krøll, J. “Correlations of plasma cortisol levels, chaperone expression and mammalian longevity: a review of published data.” Biogerontology 11, no. 4 (2010): 495–99; van Drielen, K., et al. “Disentangling the effects of circulating IGF-1, glucose, and cortisol”; Christensen, K, et al. “Perceived age as clinically useful biomarker of ageing: cohort study.” British Medical Journal 339 (2009): b5262; Noordam, R., et al. “Serum insulin‐like growth factor 1 and facial ageing: high levels associate with reduced skin wrinkling in a cross‐sectional study.” British Journal of Dermatology 168, no. 3 (2013): 533–38; Noordam, R., et al. “Cortisol serum levels in familial longevity and perceived age: the Leiden longevity study.” Psychoneuroendocrinology 37, no. 10 (2012): 1669–75.

Chapter 1: Unlock Your Genes

  1.  “Cleveland Clinic’s Center for Functional Medicine: A Test Kitchen for Healthcare’s Future,” Holistic Primary Care, https://holisticprimarycare.net/topics/topics-a-g/functional-medicine/1680-cleveland-clinic-s-center-for-functional-medicine-a-test-kitchen-for-healthcare-s-future.html; http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/center-for-functional-medicine

  2.   Gifford, B. Spring Chicken: Stay Young Forever (or Die Trying) (New York: Grand Central, 2015), 37. Data are from 2012.

  3.   “Top five cosmetic surgical procedures of 2013.” PlasticSurgery.org, accessed April 10, 2015, www.plasticsurgery.org/news/plastic-surgery-statistics/2013/top-five-cosmetic-surgery-procedures.html.

  4.   Furnham, A., et al. “Factors that motivate people to undergo cosmetic surgery.” Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery 20, no. 4 (2012): e47.

  5.   “Get your bolder on. We can all use a little motivation.” GrowingBolder.com, accessed June 25, 2015, www.growingbolder.com/quotes/#.

  6.   Goodstein, G. “Ida Keeling still setting records, examples at 100.” Bronx Times, May 8, 2015, accessed June 25, 3015, www.bxtimes.com/stories/2015/19/19-ida-2015–05–08-bx.html.

  7.   Arem, H., et al. “Leisure time physical activity and mortality: A detailed pooled analysis of the dose-response relationship.” JAMA Internal Medicine 175, no. 6 (2015): 959–67.

Chapter 2: The Gene/Lifestyle Conversation

  1.   Memisoglu, A., et al. “Interaction between a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ gene polymorphism and dietary fat intake in relation to body mass.” Human Molecular Genetics 12, no. 22 (2003): 2923–29.

  2.   Walsh, T., et al. “Ten genes for inherited breast cancer.” Cancer Cell 11, no. 2 (2007): 103–5; Walsh, T., et al. “Spectrum of mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, and TP53 in families at high risk of breast cancer.” JAMA 295, no. 12 (2006): 1379–88; Aloraifi, F., et al. “Gene analysis techniques and susceptibility gene discovery in non-BRCA1/BRCA2 familial breast cancer.” Surgical Oncology 24, no. 2 (2015): 100–109; Lee, D. S. C., et al. “Comparable frequency of BRCA1, BRCA2 and TP53 germline mutations in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort suggests TP53 screening should be offered together with BRCA½ screening to early-onset breast cancer patients.” Breast Cancer Research 14, no. 2 (2012): R66. For lay audiences, these citations may be helpful: “Genetics,” BreastCancer.org, accessed February 13, 2016, www.breastcancer.org/risk/factors/genetics; “Inherited gene mutations,” Komen.org, accessed February 13, 2016, http://ww5.komen.org/BreastCancer/InheritedGenetic Mutations.html; “Breast cancer genes,” Cancer Research UK, accessed February 13, 2016, www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/breast-cancer/about/risks/breast-cancer-genes

  3.   Winkler, T. W., et al. “The influence of age and sex on genetic associations with adult body size and shape: A large-scale genome-wide interaction study.” PLoS Genetics 11, no. 10 (2015): e1005378.

  4.   “Orientation,” SNPedia, August 15, 2015, accessed October 20, 2015, http://snpedia.com/index.php/Orientation.

  5.   Miller, J. W., et al. “Vitamin D status and rates of cognitive decline in a multiethnic cohort of older adults.” JAMA Neurology (2015); Wilson, V. K., et al. “Relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cognitive function in older adults: The health, aging and body composition study.” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 62, no. 4 (2014): 636–41; Chei, C. L., et al. “Vitamin D levels and cognition in elderly adults in China.” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 62, no. 11 (2014): 2125–29; Littlejohns, T. J., et al. “Vitamin D and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease.” Neurology 83, no. 10 (2014): 920–28; Annweiler, C., et al. “Vitamin D-mentia: randomized clinical trials should be the next step.” Neuroepidemiology 37, nos. 3–4 (2011): 249–58.

Chapter 3: Epigenetics: Turning Genes On and Off

  1.   Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Gene: An Intimate History (New York: Scribner: 2016), 400.

  2.   Audergon, P., et al. “Restricted epigenetic inheritance of H3K9 methylation.” Science 348, no. 6230 (2015): 132–35.

  3.   Shapira, I., et al. “Evolving concepts: How diet and the intestinal microbiome act as modulators of breast malignancy.” ISRN Oncology 2013 (2013); Xuan, C., et al. “Microbial dysbiosis is associated with human breast cancer.” PloS One 9, no. 1 (2014): e83744; Sheflin, A. M., et al. “Cancer-promoting effects of microbial dysbiosis.” Current Oncology Reports 16, no. 10 (2014): 1–9; Kwa, M., et al. “The intestinal microbiome and estrogen receptor— positive female breast cancer.” Journal of the National Cancer Institute 108, no. 8 (2016): djw029; Plottel, C. S., et al. “Microbiome and malignancy.” Cell Host & Microbe 10, no. 4 (2011): 324-35.

  4.   Cummings S. R., et al. “Prevention of breast cancer in postmenopausal women: Approaches to estimating and reducing risk.” Journal of the National Cancer Institute 101, no. 6 (2009): 384–98.

  5.   Jolie, A. “My medical choice,” New York Times, May 14, 2013, www.nytimes.com/2013/05/14/opinion/my-medical-choice.html?_r=0.

  6.   Jolie, A. “Diary of a surgery,” New York Times, March 24, 2015, www.nytimes.com/2015/03/24/opinion/angelina-jolie-pitt-diary-of-a-surgery.html.

  7.   “The human genome project completion: Frequently asked questions.” National Human Genome Research Institute, www.genome.gov/11006943; “Talking glossary of genetic terms,” National Human Genome Research Institute, www.genome.gov/Glossary.

  8.   Shamovsky, I., et al. “New insights into the mechanism of heat shock response activation,” Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 65, no. 6 (2008): 855–61; Miozzo, F., et al. “HSFs, stress sensors and sculptors of transcription compartments and epigenetic landscapes,” Journal of Molecular Biology 427, no. 24 (2015): 3793–3816; and Santoro, M. G. “Heat shock factors and the control of the stress response,” Biochemical Pharmacology 59, no. 1 (2000): 55–63.

  9.   Yamashita, H., et al. “A glucose-responsive transcription factor that regulates carbohydrate metabolism in the liver,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98, no. 16 (2001): 9116–21.

10.   Osborne, C. K., et al. “Estrogen receptor: current understanding of its activation and modulation,” Cancer Research 7, no. 12 (2001): 4338s–42s; Halachmi, S., et al. “Estrogen receptor-associated proteins: possible mediators of hormone-induced transcription,” Science 264, no. 5164 (1994): 1455–58; and Marino, M., et al. “Estrogen signaling multiple pathways to impact gene transcription,” Current Genomics 7, no. 8 (2006): 497–508.

11.   Audergon, P., et al. “Restricted epigenetic inheritance.”

12.   Sun, C., et al. “Potential epigenetic mechanism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16, no. 3 (2015): 5161–79.

13.   Er, T. K., et al. “Targeted next-generation sequencing for molecular diagnosis of endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer.” Journal of Molecular Medicine (2016): 1–13; Wiegand, K. C., et al. “ARID1A mutations in endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinomas.” New England Journal of Medicine 363, no. 16 (2010): 1532–43; Ayhan, A., et al. “Loss of ARID1A expression is an early molecular event in tumor progression from ovarian endometriotic cyst to clear cell and endometrioid carcinoma.” International Journal of Gynecological Cancer: Official Journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society 22, no. 8 (2012): 1310; Takeda, T., et al. “ARID1A gene mutation in ovarian and endometrial cancers (Review).” Oncology Reports 35, no. 2 (2016): 607–13.

14.   Cao-Lei, L., et al. “DNA methylation signatures triggered by prenatal maternal stress exposure to a natural disaster: Project ice storm.” PLoS One 9, no. 9 (2014).

Chapter 4: Get to the Root

  1.   Volpato, S., et al. “Cardiovascular disease, interleukin-6, and risk of mortality in older women the women’s health and aging study.” Circulation 103, no. 7 (2001): 947–53; Harris, T. B., et al. “Associations of elevated interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels with mortality in the elderly.” American Journal of Medicine 106, no. 5 (1999): 506–12; Ferrucci, L., et al. “Serum IL-6 level and the development of disability in older persons.” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 47, no. 6 (1999): 639–46.

  2.   Lin, H., et al. “Whole blood gene expression and interleukin-6 levels.” Genomics 104, no. 6 (2014): 490–95.

  3.   Barron, E., et al. “Blood-borne biomarkers of mortality risk: systematic review of cohort studies.” PloS One 10, no. 6 (2015): e0127550.

  4.   www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc.htm.

  5.   Curtis, B. M., et al. “Autonomic tone as a cardiovascular risk factor: the dangers of chronic fight or flight.” Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 77, no. 1 (2002): 45–54; Thayer, J. F., et al. “The role of vagal function in the risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality.” Biological Psychology 74, no. 2 (2007): 224–42.

  6.   Kleiger, R. E., et al. “Heart rate variability: measurement and clinical utility.” Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology 10, no. 1 (2005): 88–101; Dekker, J. M., et al. “Low heart rate variability in a 2-minute rhythm strip predicts risk of coronary heart disease and mortality from several causes The ARIC Study.” Circulation 102, no. 11 (2000): 1239–44; Galinier, M. A., et al. “Depressed low frequency power of heart rate variability as an independent predictor of sudden death in chronic heart failure.” European Heart Journal 21, no. 6 (2000): 475–82.

  7.   Buettner, D. “The island where people forget to die,” New York Times, October 24, 2012, accessed August 17, 2015, www.nytimes.com/2012/10/28/magazine/the-island-where-people-forget-to-die.html?_r=1.

  8.   Panagiotakos, D. B., et al. “Sociodemographic and lifestyle statistics of oldest old people (> 80 years) living in Ikaria island: the Ikaria study.” Cardiology Research and Practice (2011); Chrysohoou, C., et al. “Four-year (2009–2013) All cause and cardiovascular disease mortality and its determinants: The Ikaria study.” Journal of the American College of Cardiology 63, no. 12_S (2014); Stefanadis, C. I., “Aging, genes and environment: lessons from the Ikaria study.” Hellenic Journal of Cardiology 54, no. 3 (2013): 237–38; Trichopoulou, A., et al. “Anatomy of health effects of Mediterranean diet: Greek EPIC prospective cohort study.” British Medical Journal 338 (2009).

  9.   Buettner, D. The Blue Zones: 9 Lessons for Living Longer from the People Who’ve Lived the Longest, 2nd ed. (Washington, DC: National Geographic, 2012).

10.   Chilton, S. N., et al. “Inclusion of fermented foods in food guides around the world.” Nutrients 7, no. 1 (2015): 390–404.

11.   Timmers, S., et al. “Calorie restriction–like effects of 30 days of resveratrol supplementation on energy metabolism and metabolic profile in obese humans.” Cell Metabolism 14, no. 5 (2011): 612–22; Morselli, E., et al. “Caloric restriction and resveratrol promote longevity through the Sirtuin-1-dependent induction of autophagy.” Cell Death and Disease 1, no. 1 (2010): e10; Baur, J. A., et al. “Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a high-calorie diet.” Nature 444, no. 7117 (2006): 337–42.

12.   Pérez-Rubio, K. G., et al. “Effect of berberine administration on metabolic syndrome, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion.” Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders 11, no. 5 (2013): 366–69; Pirillo, A., et al. “Berberine, a plant alkaloid with lipid-and glucose-lowering properties: From in vitro evidence to clinical studies.” Atherosclerosis 243, no. 2 (2015): 449–61; Pang, B., et al. “Application of berberine on treating type 2 diabetes mellitus.” International Journal of Endocrinology 2015 (2015).

13.   Yarla, N. S., et al. “Targeting arachidonic acid pathway by natural products for cancer prevention and therapy.” Seminars in Cancer Biology (2016); Zarei, A., et al. “A quick overview on some aspects of endocrinological and therapeutic effects of Berberis vulgaris L.” Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine 5, no. 6 (2015): 485; Caliceti, C., et al. “Potential benefits of berberine in the management of perimenopausal syndrome.” Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (2015); Yang, J., et al. “Berberine improves insulin sensitivity by inhibiting fat store and adjusting adipokines profile in human preadipocytes and metabolic syndrome patients,” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012); and Hu, Y., et al. “Lipid-lowering effect of berberine in human subjects and rats,” Phytomedicine 19, no. 10 (2012): 861–67.

14.   Guo, Y., et al. “Repeated administration of berberine inhibits cytochromes P450 in humans,” European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 68, no. 2 (2012): 213–17.

Chapter 5: Feed—Week 1

  1.   Clark, M. “Still blazing trails,” New York Times, August 4, 2014, accessed October 7, 2015, www.nytimes.com/2014/08/06/dining/still-blazing-trails.html.

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  3.   Bergen, H. R., et al. “Myostatin as a mediator of sarcopenia versus homeostatic regulator of muscle mass: Insights using a new mass spectrometry-based assay.” Skeletal Muscle 5, no. 1 (2015): 1.

  4.   Willer, C. J., et al. “Six new loci associated with body mass index highlight a neuronal influence on body weight regulation.” Nature Genetics 41, no. 1 (2009): 25–34; Wang, J., et al. “Study of eight GWAS-identified common variants for association with obesity-related indices in Chinese children at puberty.” International Journal of Obesity 36, no. 4 (2012): 542–47; Speakman, J. R. “Functional analysis of seven genes linked to body mass index and adiposity by genome-wide association studies: a review.” Human Heredity 75, nos. 2–4 (2013): 57–79; Fawcett, K. A., et al. “The genetics of obesity: FTO leads the way.” Trends in Genetics 26, no. 6 (2010): 266–74.

  5.   Donaldson, C. M., et al. “Glycemic index and endurance performance.” International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 20, no. 2 (2010): 154–65; Bornet, F. R. J., et al. “Glycaemic response to foods: impact on satiety and long-term weight regulation.” Appetite 49, no. 3 (2007): 535–53; Philippou, E., et al. “The influence of glycemic index on cognitive functioning: a systematic review of the evidence.” Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal 5, no. 2 (2014): 119–30; Vranešić Bender, D., et al. “Nutritional and behavioral modification therapies of obesity: facts and fiction.” Digestive Diseases 30, no. 2 (2012): 163–67; Mediano, M. F. F., et al. “Insulin Resistance Predicts the Effectiveness of Different Glycemic Index Diets on Weight Loss in Non-Obese Women.” Obesity Facts 5, no. 5 (2012): 641–47; Sichieri, R., et al. “An 18-mo randomized trial of a low-glycemic-index diet and weight change in Brazilian women.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 86, no. 3 (2007): 707–13.

  6.   Martins, M. L., et al. “Incidence of microflora and of ochratoxin A in green coffee beans (Coffea arabica).” Food Additives and Contaminants 20, no. 12 (2003): 1127–31; Studer-Rohr, I., et al. “The occurrence of ochratoxin A in coffee.” Food and Chemical Toxicology 33, no. 5 (1995): 341–55.

  7.   Frankenfeld, C.L., et al. “High-intensity sweetener consumption and gut microbiome content and predicted gene function in a cross-sectional study of adults in the United States.” Annals of Epidemiology 25, no. 10 (2015): 736–42; Burke, M. V., et al. “Physiological mechanisms by which non-nutritive sweeteners may impact body weight and metabolism.” Physiology and Behavior (2015); Pepino, M. Y., “Metabolic effects of non-nutritive sweeteners.” Physiology and Behavior (2015).

  8.   Chen, W. Y., et al. “Moderate alcohol consumption during adult life, drinking patterns, and breast cancer risk.” JAMA 306, no. 17 (2011): 1884–90.

  9.   Iwai, K., et al. “Identification of food-derived collagen peptides in human blood after oral ingestion of gelatin hydrolysates.” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53, no. 16 (2005): 6531–36.

10.   Choonpicharn, S., et al. “Antioxidant and antihypertensive activity of gelatin hydrolysate from Nile tilapia skin.” Journal of Food Science and Technology 52, no. 5 (2014): 3134–39; Ao, J., et al. “Amino acid composition and antioxidant activities of hydrolysates and peptide fractions from porcine collagen.” Food Science and Technology International 18, no. 5 (2012): 425–34.

11.   Choonpicharn et al. “Antioxidant and antihypertensive activity”; Ngo, D. H., et al. “Angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from antihypertensive skate (Okamejei kenojei) skin gelatin hydrolysate in spontaneously hypertensive rats.” Food Chemistry 174 (2015): 37–43.

12.   Leem, K. H., et al. “Porcine skin gelatin hydrolysate promotes longitudinal bone growth in adolescent rats.” Journal of Medicinal Food 16, no. 5 (2013): 447–53.

13.   Costanzo, S., et al. “Wine, beer or spirit drinking in relation to fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis.” European Journal of Epidemiology 26, no. 11 (2011): 833–50.

14.   Park, K., et al. “Acute and subacute toxicity of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO45 H2O) in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata).” Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 71, no. 3 (2009): 333–36; Hébert, C. D., et al. “Subchronic toxicity of cupric sulfate administered in drinking water and feed to rats and mice.” Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 21, no. 4 (1993): 461–75; Sinkovič, A., et al. “Severe acute copper sulphate poisoning: a case report.” Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology (2008): 31–35.

15.   “All 48 fruits and vegetables with a pesticide residue data,” Environmental Working Group, accessed June 15, 2015, www.ewg.org/foodnews/list.php.

16.   Costanzo et al. “Wine, beer or spirit drinking in relation”; Streppel, M. T., et al. “Long-term wine consumption is related to cardiovascular mortality and life expectancy independently of moderate alcohol intake: the Zutphen Study.” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 63, no. 7 (2009): 534–40.

17.   Chen et al. “Moderate alcohol consumption”; Strumylaite, L., et al. “The association of low-to-moderate alcohol consumption with breast cancer subtypes defined by hormone receptor status.” PloS One 10, no. 12 (2015): e0144680; Williams, L. A., et al. “Alcohol intake and invasive breast cancer risk by molecular subtype and race in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study.” Cancer Causes and Control 27, no. 2 (2016): 259–69; Cao, Y., et al. “Light to moderate intake of alcohol, drinking patterns, and risk of cancer: results from two prospective US cohort studies.” British Medical Journal (2015): h4238.

18.   Goldberg, D. M., et al. “A global survey of trans-resveratrol concentrations in commercial wines.” American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 46, no. 2 (1995): 159–65; Crandall, J. P., et al. “Pilot study of resveratrol in older adults with impaired glucose tolerance.” Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences (2012): glr235; Zamora-Ros, R., et al. “High urinary levels of resveratrol metabolites are associated with a reduction in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in high-risk patients.” Pharmacological Research 65, no. 6 (2012): 615–20; Brasnyó, P., et al. “Resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity, reduces oxidative stress and activates the Akt pathway in type 2 diabetic patients.” British Journal of Nutrition 106, no. 3 (2011): 383–89; Marchal, J., et al. “Resveratrol in mammals: effects on aging biomarkers, age-related diseases, and life span.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1290, no. 1 (2013): 67–73.

19.   Semba, R. D., et al. “Resveratrol levels and all-cause mortality in older community-dwelling adults.” JAMA Internal Medicine 174, no. 7 (2014): 1077–84; Yoshino, J., et al. “Resveratrol supplementation does not improve metabolic function in non-obese women with normal glucose tolerance.” Cell Metabolism 16 (2012): 658–64; Bitterman, J. L., et al. “Metabolic effects of resveratrol: addressing the controversies.” Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 72, no. 8 (2015): 1473–88.

20.   Timmers, S., et al. “Calorie restriction-like effects of 30 days of resveratrol supplementation on energy metabolism and metabolic profile in obese humans.” Cell Metabolism 14, no. 5 (2011): 612–22; Morselli, E., et al. “Caloric restriction and resveratrol promote longevity through the sirtuin-1-dependent induction of autophagy.” Cell Death and Disease 1, no. 1 (2010): e10; Baur, J. A., et al. “Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a high-calorie diet.” Nature 444, no. 7117 (2006): 337–42.

21.   Friedlander, B. “New York red wines show higher levels of resveratrol, a Cornell University study finds.” Cornell Chronicle, February 2, 1998, accessed September 1, 2015. www.news.cornell.edu/stories/1998/02/ny-red-wines-show-more-resveratrol.

22.   Paganini-Hill, A., et al. “Dental health behaviors, dentition, and mortality in the elderly: the leisure world cohort study.” Journal of Aging Research (2011).

23.   Olsen, I. “Update on bacteraemia related to dental procedures.” Transfusion and Apheresis Science 39, no. 2 (2008): 173–78.

24.   Akaji, E. A., et al. “Halitosis: a review of the literature on its prevalence, impact and control.” Oral Health and Preventative Dentistry 12 (2014): 297–304.

25.   Desvarieux, M., et al. “Periodontal microbiota and carotid intima-media thickness the oral infections and vascular disease epidemiology study (INVEST).” Circulation 111, no. 5 (2005): 576–82.

26.   Yaacob, M., et al. “Powered versus manual toothbrushing for oral health.” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 6 (2014).

27.   Desvarieux, M., et al. “Gender differences in the relationship between periodontal disease, tooth loss, and atherosclerosis.” Stroke 35, no. 9 (2004): 2029–35; Wu, T., et al. “Periodontal disease and risk of cerebrovascular disease: the first national health and nutrition examination survey and its follow-up study.” Archives of Internal Medicine 160, no. 18 (2000): 2749–55.

28.   Peedikayil, F. C., et al. “Effect of coconut oil in plaque related gingivitis-A preliminary report.” Nigerian Medical Journal: Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association 56, no. 2 (2015): 143; Asokan, S., et al. “Effect of oil pulling on plaque induced gingivitis: A randomized, controlled, triple-blind study.” Indian Journal of Dental Research 20, no. 1 (2009): 47; Roldan, S., et al. “Biofilms and the tongue: therapeutical approaches for the control of halitosis.” Clinical Oral Investigations 7, no. 4 (2003): 189–97; Asokan, S., et al. “Effect of oil pulling on Streptococcus mutans count in plaque and saliva using Dentocult SM Strip mutans test: A randomized, controlled, triple-blind study.” Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 26, no. 1 (2008): 12.

29.   Sambunjak, D., et al. “Flossing for the management of periodontal diseases and dental caries in adults.” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 12 (2011).

Chapter 6: Sleep—Week 2

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  2.   Gooley, J. J. “Circadian regulation of lipid metabolism.” The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society (2016): 1–11; Gooley, J. J., et al. “Diurnal regulation of lipid metabolism and applications of circadian lipidomics.” Journal of Genetics and Genomics 41, no. 5 (2014): 231–50; Horne, J. “The end of sleep: ‘sleep debt’ versus biological adaptation of human sleep to waking needs.” Biological Psychology 87, no. 1 (2011): 1–14; Jackson, M. L., et al. “Cognitive components of simulated driving performance: sleep loss effects and predictors.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 50 (2013): 438–44; McGrath, E., et al. “Sleep to lower elevated blood pressure: A randomized controlled trial (Slept).” Journal of Hypertension 34 (2016): e48; Wehr, T. A. “The durations of human melatonin secretion and sleep respond to changes in daylength (photoperiod).” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 73, no. 6 (1991): 1276–80; Weintraub, K. “Ask well: Catching up on lost sleep,” New York Times, July 24, 2015, accessed October 22, 2015, http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/07/24/ask-well-catching-up-on-lost-sleep/?_r=0.

  3.   Archer, S. N., et al. “How sleep and wakefulness influence circadian rhythmicity: effects of insufficient and mistimed sleep on the animal and human transcriptome.” Journal of Sleep Research 24, no. 5 (2015): 476–93.

  4.   Archer, S. N., et al. “Mistimed sleep disrupts circadian regulation of the human transcriptome.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 6 (2014): E682–91.

  5.   Archer et al. “How sleep and wakefulness influence circadian rhythmicity.”

  6.   Tworoger, S. S., et al. “The association of self-reported sleep duration, difficulty sleeping, and snoring with cognitive function in older women.” Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders 20, no. 1 (2006): 41–48.

  7.   Ferrie, J. E., et al. “Change in sleep duration and cognitive function: findings from the Whitehall II Study.” Sleep 34, no. 5 (2011): 565.

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  9.   Panagiotakos, D. B., et al. “Sociodemographic and lifestyle statistics of oldest old people (> 80 years) living in Ikaria island: the Ikaria study.” Cardiology Research and Practice 2011 (2011).

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29.   Kamdar, B. B., et al. “Night-shift work and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 138, no. 1 (2013): 291–301.

30.   Maltese, F., et al. “Night shift decreases cognitive performance of ICU physicians.” Intensive Care Medicine (2015): 1–8.

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35.   Hansen et al. “Case–control study of shift-work and breast cancer risk.”

36.   Phipps, A. I., et al. “Sleep duration and quality may impact cancer survival rate.” Sleep 38 (2015).

37.   Guarnieri, B., et al. “Sleep and cognitive decline: A strong bidirectional relationship. It is time for specific recommendations on routine assessment and the management of sleep disorders in patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia.” European Neurology 74, nos. 1–2 (2015): 43–48.

38.   Blackwell, T., et al. “Poor sleep is associated with impaired cognitive function in older women: the study of osteoporotic fractures.” Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 61, no. 4 (2006): 405–10.

39.   Mander, B. A., et al. “Beta-amyloid disrupts human NREM slow waves and related hippocampus-dependent memory consolidation.” Nature Neuroscience (2015).

40.   Musiek, E. S., et al. “Sleep, circadian rhythms, and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer Disease.” Experimental and Molecular Medicine 47, no. 3 (2015): e148.

41.   Adan, A., et al. “Gender differences in morningness–eveningness preference.” Chronobiology International 19, no. 4 (2002): 709–20.

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48.   Massa, J., et al. “Vitamin D and actigraphic sleep outcomes in older community-dwelling men: the MrOS sleep study.” Sleep 38, no. 2 (2014): 251–57.

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50.   Shipton, E. A., et al. “Vitamin D and pain: Vitamin D and its role in the aetiology and maintenance of chronic pain states and associated comorbidities.” Pain Research and Treatment 2015 (2015).

51.   Balaban, H., et al. “Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in restless legs syndrome patients.” Sleep Medicine 13, no. 7 (2012): 953–57; Wali, S. et al. “The effect of vitamin D supplements on the severity of restless legs syndrome.” Sleep and Breathing 19, no. 2 (2015): 579–83; Gupta, R., et al. “Restless legs syndrome and pregnancy: prevalence, possible pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment.” Acta Neurologica Scandinavica (2015).

52.   Beydoun et al. “Serum nutritional biomarkers.”

53.   Xie, L., et al. “Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain.” Science 342, no. 6156 (2013): 373–77; Jessen, N.A., et al. “The glymphatic system: A beginner’s guide.” Neurochemical Research (2015): 1–17; Tarasoff-Conway, J. M., et al. “Clearance systems in the brain—implications for Alzheimer disease.” Nature Reviews Neurology 11, no. 8 (2015): 457–70; Mendelsohn, A. R., et al. “Sleep facilitates clearance of metabolites from the brain: glymphatic function in aging and neurodegenerative diseases.” Rejuvenation Research 16, no. 6 (2013): 518–23.

54.   Lee, H., et al. “The effect of body posture on brain glymphatic transport.” Journal of Neuroscience 35, no. 31 (2015): 11034–44.

55.   Wang, T. J., et al. “Common genetic determinants of vitamin D insufficiency: a genome-wide association study.” Lancet 376, no. 9736 (2010): 180–88.

56.   Ross, A. C., et al., eds. Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2010).

57.   Crowley, S. J., et al. “Increased sensitivity of the circadian system to light in early/midpuberty.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 100, no. 11 (2015): 4067–73.

58.   Tamakoshi, A., et al. “Self-reported sleep duration as a predictor of all-cause mortality: results from the JACC study, Japan.” Sleep 27, no. 1 (2004): 51–54; Hublin, C., et al. “Sleep and mortality: a population-based 22-year follow-up study.” Sleep 30, no. 10 (2007): 1245; Gallicchio, L., et al. “Sleep duration and mortality: a systematic review and meta analysis.” Journal of Sleep Research 18, no. 2 (2009): 148–58.

59.   Youngstedt, S. D., et al. “Long sleep and mortality: rationale for sleep restriction.” Sleep Medicine Reviews 8, no. 3 (2004): 159–74.

60.   Sofer, S., et al. “Greater weight loss and hormonal changes after 6 months diet with carbohydrates eaten mostly at dinner.” Obesity 19, no. 10 (2011): 2006–14; Sofer, S., et al. “Changes in daily leptin, ghrelin and adiponectin profiles following a diet with carbohydrates eaten at dinner in obese subjects.” Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases 23, no. 8 (2013): 744–50.

61.   Richards, J., et al. “Higher serum vitamin D concentrations are associated with longer leukocyte telomere length in women.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 86, no. 5 (2007): 1420–25; Liu, J. J., et al. “Plasma vitamin D biomarkers and leukocyte telomere length.” American Journal of Epidemiology (2013): kws435.

62.   Satlin, A., et al. “Bright light treatment of behavioral and sleep disturbances in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.” American Journal of Psychiatry 149 (1992): 1028–32; Mishima, K., et al. “Morning bright light therapy for sleep and behavior disorders in elderly patients with dementia.” Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 89, no. 1 (1994): 1–7; Stewart, K. T., et al. “Light treatment for NASA shiftworkers.” Chronobiology International 12, no. 2 (1995): 141–151; Mishima, K., et al. “Randomized, dim light controlled, crossover test of morning bright light therapy for rest-activity rhythm disorders in patients with vascular dementia and dementia of Alzheimer’s type.” Chronobiology International 15, no. 6 (1998): 647–54; Lyketsos, C. G., et al. “A randomized, controlled trial of bright light therapy for agitated behaviors in dementia patients residing in long-term care.” International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 14, no. 7 (1999): 520–25; Yamadera, H., et al. “Effects of bright light on cognitive and sleep–wake (circadian) rhythm disturbances in Alzheimer-type dementia.” Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 54, no. 3 (2000): 352–53; Ancoli-Israel, S., et al. “Increased light exposure consolidates sleep and strengthens circadian rhythms in severe Alzheimer’s disease patients.” Behavioral Sleep Medicine 1, no. 1 (2003): 22–36; Fetveit, A., et al. “Bright light treatment improves sleep in institutionalised elderly—an open trial.” International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 18, no. 6 (2003): 520–26.

63.   Lockley, S. W., et al. “High sensitivity of the human circadian melatonin rhythm to resetting by short wavelength light.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 88, no. 9 (2003): 4502–05; Sasseville, A., et al. “Wearing blue-blockers in the morning could improve sleep of workers on a permanent night schedule: a pilot study.” Chronobiology International 26, no. 5 (2009): 913–25; Wood, B., et al. “Light level and duration of exposure determine the impact of self-luminous tablets on melatonin suppression.” Applied Ergonomics 44, no. 2 (2013): 237–40; van der Lely, S., et al. “Blue blocker glasses as a countermeasure for alerting effects of evening light-emitting diode screen exposure in male teenagers.” Journal of Adolescent Health 56, no. 1 (2015): 113–19.

64.   Duffy, J. F., et al. “Sex difference in the near-24-hour intrinsic period of the human circadian timing system.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, no. Supplement 3 (2011): 15602–8.

Chapter 7: Move—Week 3

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  4.   Shibata, A., et al. “Physical activity, television viewing time and 12-year changes in waist circumference.” Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise (2015); Chastin, S.F.M., et al. “Combined effects of time spent in physical activity, sedentary behaviors and sleep on obesity and cardio-metabolic health markers: A novel compositional data analysis approach.” PloS One 10, no. 10 (2015): e0139984.

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  6.   Wilmot, E. G., et al. “Sedentary time in adults and the association with diabetes, cardiovascular disease and death: systematic review and meta-analysis.” Diabetologia 55 (2012): 2895–05; Warburton, D., et al. “Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence.” Canadian Medical Association Journal 174, no. 6 (2006): 801–09.

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  8.   Chastin et al. “Combined effects of time spent in physical activity.”

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10.   Oguma, Y., et al. “Physical activity and all-cause mortality in women: a review of the evidence.” British Journal of Sports Medicine 36, no. 3 (2002): 162–72.

11.   Gregg, E. W., et al. “Relationship of changes in physical activity and mortality among older women.” JAMA 289, no. 18 (2003): 2379–86.

12.   Stanford, K. I., et al. “Exercise effects on white adipose tissue: Beiging and metabolic adaptations.” Diabetes 64, no. 7 (2015): 2361–68.

13.   Levine, H. J. “Rest heart rate and life expectancy.” Journal of the American College of Cardiology 30, no. 4 (1997): 1104–6.

14.   “Physical activity guidelines,” Health.Gov, accessed December 7, 2015, http://health.gov/paguidelines.

15.   Schnohr, P., et al. “Dose of jogging and long-term mortality: the Copenhagen City Heart Study.” Journal of the American College of Cardiology 65, no. 5 (2015): 411–19.

16.   Lavie, C. J., et al. “Effects of running on chronic diseases and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.” Mayo Clinic Proceedings 90, no. 11 (2015): 1541–52.

17.   Day, S. M., et al. “Cardiac risks associated with marathon running.” Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 2, no. 4 (2010): 301–6; Kim, J. H., et al. “Cardiac arrest during long-distance running races.” New England Journal of Medicine 366, no. 2 (2012): 130–40; Hart, L. “Marathon-related cardiac arrest.” Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 23, no. 5 (2013): 409–10.

18.   Du, M., et al. “Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and leukocyte telomere length in women.” American Journal of Epidemiology (2012): kwr330.

19.   Ibid.

20.   Ibid.; Krishna, B. H., et al. “Association of leukocyte telomere length with oxidative stress in yoga practitioners.” Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR 9, no. 3 (2015): CC01.

21.   Martyn–St. James, M., et al. “Meta-analysis of walking for preservation of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.” Bone 43, no. 3 (2008): 521–31.

22.   Zhao, R., et al. “The effects of differing resistance training modes on the preservation of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis.” Osteoporosis International 26, no. 5 (2015): 1605–18.

23.   Patel, N. K., et al. “The effects of yoga on physical functioning and health related quality of life in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 18, no. 10 (2012): 902–17; Phoosuwan, M., et al. “The effects of weight bearing yoga training on the bone resorption markers of the postmenopausal women.” Chotmaihet Thangphaet [Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand] 92 (2009): S102–8.

24.   Melov, S. et al. “Resistance exercise reverses aging in human skeletal muscle.” PLoS One 2, no. 5 (2007): e465.

25.   Lee, J. A., et al. “Effects of yoga exercise on serum adiponectin and metabolic syndrome factors in obese postmenopausal women.” Menopause 19, no. 3 (2012): 296–301.

26.   Watson, K., et al. “MTOR and the health benefits of exercise.” Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, no. 36, (2014): 130–39.

27.   Markofski, M. M., et al. “Effect of age on basal muscle protein synthesis and mTORC1 signaling in a large cohort of young and older men and women.” Experimental Gerontology 65 (2015): 1–7.

28.   Rönn, T., et al. “A six months exercise intervention influences the genome-wide DNA methylation pattern in human adipose tissue.” PLoS Genetics 9, no. 6 (2013): e1003572.

29.   Vimaleswaran, K. S., et al. “Physical activity attenuates the body mass index–increasing influence of genetic variation in the FTO gene.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 90, no. 2 (2009): 425–28; Kilpeläinen, T. O., et al. “Physical activity attenuates the influence of FTO variants on obesity risk: a meta-analysis of 218,166 adults and 19,268 children.” PLoS Medicine 8, no. 11 (2011): e1001116; Shengxu, L., et al. “Cumulative effects and predictive value of common obesity-susceptibility variants identified by genome-wide association studies.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 91, no. 1 (2010): 184–90.

30.   Kilpeläinen, T. O., et al. “Genome-wide meta-analysis uncovers novel loci influencing circulating leptin levels.” Nature Communications 7 (2016).

31.   Dupuis, J., et al. “New genetic loci implicated in fasting glucose homeostasis and their impact on type 2 diabetes risk.” Nature Genetics 42, no. 2 (2010): 105–16; Strawbridge, R. J., et al. “Genome-wide association identifies nine common variants associated with fasting proinsulin levels and provides new insights into the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes.” Diabetes 60, no. 10 (2011): 2624–34; Teran-Garcia, M., et al. “Hepatic lipase gene variant— 514C>T is associated with lipoprotein and insulin sensitivity response to regular exercise.” Diabetes 54, no. 7 (2005): 2251–55.

32.   Ahmad, T., et al. “Physical activity modifies the effect of LPL, LIPC, and CETP polymorphisms on HDL-C levels and the risk of myocardial infarction in women of European ancestry.” Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics 4, no. 1 (2011): 74–80.

33.   Barres, R., et al. “Acute exercise remodels promoter methylation in human skeletal muscle.” Cell Metabolism 15, no. 3 (2012): 405–11.

34.   Hargreaves, M. “Exercise and Gene Expression.” Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science 135 (2015): 457–69.

35.   Bratman, G. N., et al. “The benefits of nature experience: Improved affect and cognition.” Landscape and Urban Planning 138 (2015): 41–50.

36.   Bratman, G. N., et al. “Nature experience reduces rumination and subgenual prefrontal cortex activation.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 28 (2015): 8567–72.

37.   Song, C., et al. “Physiological and psychological responses of young males during springtime walks in urban parks.” Journal of Physiological Anthropology 33, no. 8 (2014); Song, C., et al. “Physiological and psychological effects of walking on young males in urban parks in winter.” Journal of Physiological Anthropology 32, no. 1 (2013): 18; Song, C., et al. “Effect of forest walking on autonomic nervous system activity in middle-aged hypertensive individuals: A pilot study.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12, no. 3 (2015): 2687–99.

38.   Gammon, M. D., et al. “Recreational and occupational physical activities and risk of breast cancer.” Journal of the National Cancer Institute 90, no. 2 (1998): 100–117.

39.   Dorn, J., et al. “Lifetime physical activity and breast cancer risk in pre-and postmenopausal women.” Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 35, no. 2 (2003): 278–85.

40.   Patel, A. V., et al. “Recreational physical activity and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in a large cohort of US women.” Cancer Causes and Control 14, no. 6 (2003): 519–29.

41.   Patel, A. V., et al. “Lifetime recreational exercise activity and risk of breast carcinoma in situ.” Cancer 98, no. 10 (2003): 2161–69; Lu, Y., et al. “History of recreational physical activity and survival after breast cancer: the California Breast Cancer Survivorship Consortium.” American Journal of Epidemiology (2015): kwu466; Warburton et al. “Health benefits of physical activity.”

42.   Lek, M., et al. “Analysis of protein-coding genetic variation in 60,706 humans.” bioRxiv (2015): 030338.

43.   Rankinen, T., et al. “Effect of endothelin 1 genotype on blood pressure is dependent on physical activity or fitness levels.” Hypertension 50, no. 6 (2007): 1120–25; Li, T. C., et al. “Associations of EDNRA and EDN1 polymorphisms with carotid intima media thickness through interactions with gender, regular exercise, and obesity in subjects in Taiwan: Taichung Community Health Study (TCHS).” BioMedicine 5, no. 2 (2015).

44.   Yaffe, K., et al. “A prospective study of physical activity and cognitive decline in elderly women: women who walk.” Archives of Internal Medicine 161, no. 14 (2001): 1703–8.

45.   Weuve, J., et al. “Physical activity, including walking, and cognitive function in older women.” JAMA 292, no. 12 (2004): 1454–61.

46.   Zulfiqar, U., et al. “Relation of high heart rate variability to healthy longevity.” American Journal of Cardiology 105, no. 8 (2010): 1181–85.

47.   Blomstrand, A., et al. “Effects of leisure time physical activity on well-being among women in a 32-year perspective.” Scandinavian Journal of Public Health (2009).

48.   Crane, J. D., et al. “Exercise‐stimulated interleukin‐15 is controlled by AMPK and regulates skin metabolism and aging.” Aging Cell (2015).

49.   Li, F., et al. “Tai chi and self‐rated quality of sleep and daytime sleepiness in older adults: A randomized controlled trial.” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 52, no. 6 (2004): 892–900.

50.   Irwin, M. R., et al. “Tai chi, cellular inflammation, and transcriptome dynamics in breast cancer survivors with insomnia: a randomized controlled trial.” Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs 2014, no. 50 (2014): 295–301.

51.   Buman, M. P., et al. “Does nighttime exercise really disturb sleep? Results from the 2013 National Sleep Foundation Sleep in America poll.” Sleep Medicine 15, no. 7 (2014): 755–61; Qian-Chun, Y., et al. “Impact of evening exercise on college students’ sleep quality.” Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine] 47, no. 6 (2013): 542–46; Brand, S., et al. “High self-perceived exercise exertion before bedtime is associated with greater objectively assessed sleep efficiency.” Sleep Medicine 15, no. 9 (2014): 1031–36. Alley, J. R., et al. “Effects of resistance exercise timing on sleep architecture and nocturnal blood pressure.” Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 29, no. 5 (2015): 1378–85.

52.   Yang, P. Y., et al. “Exercise training improves sleep quality in middle-aged and older adults with sleep problems: a systematic review.” Journal of Physiotherapy 58, no. 3 (2012): 157–63.

53.   Fiatarone, M. A., et al. “High-intensity strength training in nonagenarians: effects on skeletal muscle.” Journal of the American Medical Association 263, no. 22 (1990): 3029–34.

54.   58 Poirier, P. “Exercise, heart rate variability, and longevity: the cocoon mystery?” Circulation 129 (2014): 2085–87; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans: Be Active, Healthy and Happy (Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, 2008); Myers, J., et al. “Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing.” New England Journal of Medicine 346, no. 11 (2002): 793–801; Gulati, M., et al. “The prognostic value of a nomogram for exercise capacity in women.” New England Journal of Medicine 353, no. 5 (2005): 468–75.

55.   Reynolds, G. “Walk hard. Walk easy. Repeat,” New York Times, February 19, 2015, accessed September 20, 2015, http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/02/19/walk-hard-walk-easy-repeat/?_r=0; Masuki, S., et al. “The factors affecting adherence to a long-term interval walking training program in middle-aged and older people.” Journal of Applied Physiology 118, no. 5 (2015): 595–603.

56.   Esmarck, B., et al. “Timing of post exercise protein intake is important for muscle hypertrophy with resistance training in elderly humans.” Journal of Physiology 535, no. 1 (2001): 301–11.

57.   Buchheit, M., et al. “Parasympathetic reactivation after repeated sprint exercise.” American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 293, no. 1 (2007): H133-H141; Bishop, P. A., et al. “Recovery from training: a brief review: brief review.” Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 22, no. 3 (2008): 1015–24; Gisselman, A. et al. “Musculoskeletal overuse injuries and heart rate variability: Is there a link?” Medical Hypotheses 87 (2016): 1–7; Mayo, X., et al. “Exercise type affects cardiac vagal autonomic recovery after a resistance training session.” Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research / National Strength and Conditioning Association (2016); Vernillo, G., et al. “Postexercise autonomic function after repeated-sprints training.” European Journal of Applied Physiology 115, no. 11 (2015): 2445–55.

58.   Gupta, S., et al. “Cardiorespiratory fitness and classification of risk of cardiovascular disease mortality.” Circulation 123, no. 13 (2011): 1377–83; Berry, J. D., et al. “Lifetime risks for cardiovascular disease mortality by cardiorespiratory fitness levels measured at ages 45, 55, and 65 years in men: the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study.” Journal of the American College of Cardiology 57, no. 15 (2011): 1604–10.

59.   Waygood, E., et al. “Active travel by built environment and lifecycle stage: case study of Osaka metropolitan area.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12, no. 12 (2015): 15900–24; Oja, P., et al. “Health benefits of cycling: a systematic review.” Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 21, no. 4 (2011): 496–509; Chiu, M, et al. “Moving to a Highly Walkable Neighborhood and Incidence of Hypertension: A Propensity-score Matched Cohort Study.” Circulation 132, no. Suppl. 3 (2015): A11545.

60.   Martin, A., et al. “Does active commuting improve psychological wellbeing? Longitudinal evidence from eighteen waves of the British Household Panel Survey.” Preventive Medicine 69 (2014): 296–303; Gatersleben, B., et al. “Affective appraisals of the daily commute comparing perceptions of drivers, cyclists, walkers, and users of public transport.” Environment and Behavior 39, no. 3 (2007): 416–31.

Chapter 8: Release—Week 4

  1.   Krishna, B. H., et al. “Association of leukocyte telomere length with oxidative stress in yoga practitioners.” Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR 9, no. 3 (2015): CC01; Balasubramanian, S., et al. “Induction of salivary nerve growth factor by Yogic breathing: a randomized controlled trial.” International Psychogeriatrics 27, no. 1 (2015): 168–70; Bower, J. E., et al. “Yoga reduces inflammatory signaling in fatigued breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial.” Psychoneuroendocrinology 43 (2014): 20–29; Qu, S., et al. “Rapid gene expression changes in peripheral blood lymphocytes upon practice of a comprehensive yoga program.” PloS One 8, no. 4 (2013): e61910; Sharma, H., et al. “Sudarshan Kriya practitioners exhibit better antioxidant status and lower blood lactate levels.” Biological Psychology 63, no. 3 (2003): 281–91.

  2.   Inanir, A., et al. “Clinical symptoms in fibromyalgia are associated to catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene Val158Met polymorphism.” Xenobiotica 44, no. 10 (2014): 952–56.

  3.   Vossen, H., et al. “The genetic influence on the cortical processing of experimental pain and the moderating effect of pain status.” PLoS One 5, no. 10 (2010): e13641; Nijs, J., et al. “Brain-derived neurotrophic factor as a driving force behind neuroplasticity in neuropathic and central sensitization pain: a new therapeutic target?” Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets 19, no. 4 (2015): 565–76.

  4.   Forrest, A. Fierce Medicine (San Francisco: HarperOne, 2012).

  5.   For more information on Forrest yoga, visit www.forrestyoga.com.

  6.   Kogan, L. “Oprah’s new workout and what happened when we tried it).” Oprah.com, January 2016, accessed January 26, 2016, www.oprah.com/health/Oprahs-New-Workout-and-What-Happened-When-We-Tried-It.

  7.   Bougea, A. M., et al. “Effect of the emotional freedom technique on perceived stress, quality of life, and cortisol salivary levels in tension-type headache sufferers: a randomized controlled trial.” Explore: Journal of Science and Healing 9, no. 2 (2013): 91–99.

  8.   Church, D., et al. “The effect of emotional freedom techniques on stress biochemistry: a randomized controlled trial.” Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 200, no. 10 (2012): 891–96.

  9.   Brattberg, G. “Self-administered EFT (Emotional Freedom Techniques) in individuals with fibromyalgia: a randomized trial.” Integrative Medicine 7, no. 4 (2008): 30–35.

10.   Boath, E., et al. “A narrative systematic review of the effectiveness of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT).” Staffordshire University, CPSI Monograph, Centre for Practice and Service Improvement (2012).

11.   Ibid.

12.   Upledger, J. E., et al. CranioSacral Therapy: What It Is, How It Works (Berkeley: North Atlantic Books, 2008), 103.

13.   Henschke, N., et al. “Stretching before or after exercise does not reduce delayed-onset muscle soreness.” British Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 15 (2011): 1249–50.

14.   Simic, L., N. et al. “Does pre‐exercise static stretching inhibit maximal muscular performance? A meta‐analytical review.” Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 23, no. 2 (2013): 131–48.

15.   Cheatham, S. W., et al. “The effects of self-myofascial release using a foam roll or roller massager on joint range of motion, muscle recovery and performance: A systematic review.” International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy 10, no. 6 (2015): 827.

16.   Beardsley, C., et al. “Effects of self-myofascial release: A systematic review.” Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 19, no. 4 (2015): 747–58.

17.   Chen, Y. H., et al. “Increased sliding of transverse abdominis during contraction after myofascial release in patients with chronic low back pain.” Manual Therapy (2015).

18.   Bleakley, C., et al. “Cold-water immersion for preventing and treating muscle soreness after exercise.” Cochrane Library (2012); Costello, J. T., et al. “Whole-body cryotherapy (extreme cold air exposure) for preventing and treating muscle soreness after exercise in adults.” Cochrane Library (2015).

19.   Bleakley, C. M., et al. “What is the biochemical and physiological rationale for using Cold Water Immersion in Sports Recovery? A Systematic Review.” British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009): bjsm-2009.

20.   Van der Kolk, B. The Body Keeps the Score (New York: Viking, 2014), 356.

21.   Ferris, T. “Relax like a pro: 5 steps to hacking your sleep,” The Tim Ferris Experiment, January 27, 2008, accessed February 1, 2016, http://fourhourworkweek.com/2008/01/27/relax-like-a-pro-5-steps-to-hacking-your-sleep.

22.   Hamblin, J. “The benefits of being cold,” Atlantic, January 2015, accessed February 1, 2016, www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/01/does-global-warming-make-me-look-fat/383509.

23.   Zhornitsky, S., et al. “Cannabidiol in humans—the quest for therapeutic targets,” Pharmaceuticals 5, no. 5 (2012): 529–52; Welty, T. E., et al. “Cannabidiol: promise and pitfalls,” Epilepsy Currents 14, no. 5 (2014): 250–52; and Fasinu, P. S., et al. “Current status and prospects for cannabidiol preparations as new therapeutic agents,” Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy (2016).

Chapter 9: Expose—Week 5

  1.   Gore, A. C., et al. “Executive summary to EDC-2: The Endocrine Society’s second scientific statement on endocrine-disrupting chemicals.” Endocrine Reviews 36, no. 6 (2015): 593–602.

  2.   Christensen, K., et al. “Ageing populations: the challenges ahead.” Lancet 374, no. 9696 (2009): 1196–1208.

  3.   Wild, C. P. “Complementing the genome with an ‘exposome’: the outstanding challenge of environmental exposure measurement in molecular epidemiology.” Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention 14, no. 8 (2005): 1847–50.

  4.   Coughlin, S. S., et al. “The impact of the natural, social, built, and policy environments on breast cancer.” Journal of Environment and Health Sciences 1, no. 3 (2015); Land, C. E. “Studies of cancer and radiation dose among atomic bomb survivors: the example of breast cancer.” JAMA 274, no. 5 (1995): 402–7; Hancock, S. L., et al. “Breast cancer after treatment of Hodgkin’s disease.” Journal of the National Cancer Institute 85, no. 1 (1993): 25–31.

  5.   Inspired in part by the International Living Future Institute’s red list of building materials that contain harmful substances. “Materials red list,” International Living Future Institute, accessed February 6, 2016, http://living-future.org/topic/materials-red-list.

  6.   Kojima, H., et al. “In vitro endocrine disruption potential of organophosphate flame retardants via human nuclear receptors.” Toxicology 314, no. 1 (2013): 76–83.

  7.   Liu, X., et al. “Endocrine disruption potentials of organophosphate flame retardants and related mechanisms in H295R and MVLN cell lines and in zebrafish.” Aquatic Toxicology 114 (2012): 173–81.

  8.   Su, G., et al. “Rapid in vitro metabolism of the flame retardant triphenyl phosphate and effects on cytotoxicity and mRNA expression in chicken embryonic hepatocytes.” Environmental Science and Technology 48, no. 22 (2014): 13511–19.

  9.   Mendelsohn, E., et al. “Nail polish as a source of exposure to triphenyl phosphate.” Environment International 86 (2016): 45–51.

10.   Calle, E. E., et al. “Organochlorines and breast cancer risk.” CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 52, no. 5 (2002): 301–9; Hertz-Picciotto, I., ed. Breast Cancer and the Environment: A Life Course Approach (National Academies Press, 2012); Ekenga, C. C., et al. “Breast cancer risk after occupational solvent exposure: The influence of timing and setting.” Cancer Research 74, no. 11 (2014): 3076–83; Labrèche, F., et al. “Postmenopausal breast cancer and occupational exposures.” Occupational and Environmental Medicine 67, no. 4 (2010): 263–69; Millikan, R., et al. “Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene, polychlorinated biphenyls, and breast cancer among African-American and white women in North Carolina.” Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention 9, no. 11 (2000): 1233–40; Krieger, N., et al. “Breast cancer and serum organochlorines: a prospective study among white, black, and Asian women.” Journal of the National Cancer Institute 86, no. 8 (1994): 589–99.

11.   Kochan, D. Z., et al. “Circadian disruption and breast cancer: An epigenetic link?” Oncotarget 6, no. 19 (2015): 16866.

12.   Heikkinen, S., et al. “Does hair dye use increase the risk of breast cancer? A population-based case-control study of Finnish women.” PloS One 10, no. 8 (2015): e0135190.

13.   Rollison, D. E., et al. “Personal hair dye use and cancer: a systematic literature review and evaluation of exposure assessment in studies published since 1992.” Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B 9, no. 5 (2006): 413–39.

14.   Takkouche, B., et al. “Personal use of hair dyes and risk of cancer: a meta-analysis.” JAMA 293, no. 20 (2005): 2516–25.

15.   Takkouche, B., et al. “Risk of cancer among hairdressers and related workers: a metaanalysis.” International Journal of Epidemiology 38, no. 6 (2009): 1512–31.

16.   “Progress cleaning the air and improving people’s health,” United States Environmental Protection Agency, accessed February 7, 2016, www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/progress-cleaning-air-and-improving-peoples-health.

17.   “Southern California air regulators fail to make decision on methane gas leak,” Fox News, January 17, 2016, accessed February 7, 2016, www.foxnews.com/us/2016/01/17/southern-california-air-regulators-fail-to-make-decision-on-methane-gas-leak.html; “Methane from massive gas leak in Porter Ranch is boosting global warming: Experts,” Los Angeles Times, January 24, 2016, accessed February 7, 2016, http://ktla.com/2016/01/24/methane-from-massive-gas-leak-in-porter-ranch-is-boosting-global-warming-experts/; “As California methane leak displaces thousands, will U.S. regulate natural gas sites nationwide,” Democracy Now, January 14, 2016, accessed February 7, 2016, www.democracynow. org/2016/1/14/as_california_methane_leak_displaces_thousands.

18.   “Erin Brockovich: California methane gas leak is worst U.S. environmental disaster since BP oil spill,” Democracy Now, December 30, 2015, accessed February 7, 2016, www.democracy now.org/2015/12/30/erin_brockovich_california_methane_gas_leak.

19.   Bell, M. L., et al. “Ozone and short-term mortality in 95 US urban communities, 1987–2000.” JAMA 292, no. 19 (2004): 2372–78; Gryparis, A., et al. “Acute effects of ozone on mortality from the ‘air pollution and health: a European approach’ project.” American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 170, no. 10 (2004): 1080–87; Bell, M. L., et al. “A meta-analysis of time-series studies of ozone and mortality with comparison to the national morbidity, mortality, and air pollution study.” Epidemiology 16, no. 4 (2005): 436; Levy, J. I., et al. “Ozone exposure and mortality: an empiric bayes metaregression analysis.” Epidemiology 16, no. 4 (2005): 458–68; Ito, K., et al. “Associations between ozone and daily mortality: analysis and meta-analysis.” Epidemiology 16, no. 4 (2005): 446–57; Zanobetti, A., et al. “Mortality displacement in the association of ozone with mortality: an analysis of 48 cities in the United States.” American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 177, no. 2 (2008): 184–89; Katsouyanni, K., et al. “Air pollution and health: a European and North American approach (APHENA).” Research Report (Health Effects Institute) 142 (2009): 5–90; Samoli, E., et al. “The temporal pattern of mortality responses to ambient ozone in the APHEA project.” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 63, no. 12 (2009): 960–66.

20.   Pope III, C. A., et al. “Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect.” Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association 56, no. 6 (2006): 709–42; Seaton, A., et al. “Particulate air pollution and acute health effects.” Lancet 345, no. 8943 (1995): 176–78; Kim, J. J. “Ambient air pollution: health hazards to children.” Pediatrics 114, no. 6 (2004): 1699–1707; “Health effects of ozone and particle pollution,” State of the Air, accessed December 28, 2015, www.stateoftheair.org/2013/health-risks.

21.   Calderón-Garcidueñas, L., et al. “Mexico City normal weight children exposed to high concentrations of ambient PM 2.5 show high blood leptin and endothelin-1, vitamin D deficiency, and food reward hormone dysregulation versus low pollution controls. Relevance for obesity and Alzheimer disease.” Environmental Research 140 (2015): 579–92.

22.   Morris, B. J., et al. “FOXO3: A major gene for human longevity—a mini-review.” Gerontology (2015); Singh, R., et al. “Anti-inflammatory heat shock protein 70 genes are positively associated with human survival.” Current Pharmaceutical Design 16, no. 7 (2010): 796.

23.   Laukkanen, T., et al. “Association between sauna bathing and fatal cardiovascular and all-cause mortality events.” JAMA Internal Medicine 175, no. 4 (2015): 542–48.

24.   Kenttämies, A., et al. “Death in sauna.” Journal of Forensic Sciences 53, no. 3 (2008): 724–29.

25.   Scoon, G. S., et al. “Effect of post-exercise sauna bathing on the endurance performance of competitive male runners.” Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 10, no. 4 (2007): 259–62.

26.   Stanley, J., et al. “Effect of sauna-based heat acclimation on plasma volume and heart rate variability.” European Journal of Applied Physiology 115, no. 4 (2015): 785–94.

27.   Krause, M., et al. “Heat shock proteins and heat therapy for type 2 diabetes: pros and cons.” Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 18, no. 4 (2015): 374–80.

28.   Kukkonen-Harjula, K., et al. “Haemodynamic and hormonal responses to heat exposure in a Finnish sauna bath.” European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 58, no. 5 (1989): 543–50.

29.   Gryka, D., et al. “The effect of sauna bathing on lipid profile in young, physically active, male subjects.” International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health 27, no. 4 (2014): 608–18; Pilch, W., et al. “Changes in the lipid profile of blood serum in women taking sauna baths of various duration.” International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health 23, no. 2 (2010): 167–74; van der Wall, E. E. “Sauna bathing: a warm heart proves beneficial.” Netherlands Heart Journal 23, no. 5 (2015): 247.

30.   Tomiyama, C., et al. “The effect of repetitive mild hyperthermia on body temperature, the autonomic nervous system, and innate and adaptive immunity.” Biomedical Research 36, no. 2 (2015): 135–42.

31.   Hooper, L. V. “You AhR what you eat: linking diet and immunity.” Cell 147, no. 3 (2011): 489–91.

32.   Li, Y., et al. “Exogenous stimuli maintain intraepithelial lymphocytes via aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation.” Cell 147, no. 3 (2011): 629–40.

33.   Nishi, K., et al. “Immunostimulatory in vitro and in vivo effects of a water-soluble extract from kale.” Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 75, no. 1 (2011): 40–46.

34.   Haddad, E. H., et al. “Effect of a walnut meal on postprandial oxidative stress and antioxidants in healthy individuals.” Nutrition Journal 13, no. 1 (2014): 1.

35.   Cominetti, C., et al. “Associations between glutathione peroxidase-1 Pro198Leu polymorphism, selenium status, and DNA damage levels in obese women after consumption of Brazil nuts.” Nutrition 27, no. 9 (2011): 891–96.

36.   Song, J. M., et al. “Antiviral effect of catechins in green tea on influenza virus.” Antiviral Research 68, no. 2 (2005): 66–74; Hsu, S. “Compounds derived from epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as a novel approach to the prevention of viral infections.” Inflammation and Allergy-Drug Targets 14, no. 1 (2015): 13–18; Rowe, C. A., et al. “Specific formulation of Camellia Sinensis prevents cold and flu symptoms and enhances γδ T cell function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.” Journal of the American College of Nutrition 26, no. 5 (2007): 445–52.

37.   Mak, J.C.W. “Potential role of green tea catechins in various disease therapies: progress and promise.” Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 39, no. 3 (2012): 265–73; Apetz, N., et al. “Natural compounds and plant extracts as therapeutics against chronic inflammation in Alzheimer’s disease-a translational perspective.” CNS and Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets-CNS and Neurological Disorders) 13, no. 7 (2014): 1175–91; Chen, G., et al. “Nutraceuticals and functional foods in the management of hyperlipidemia.” Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 54, no. 9 (2014): 1180–1201; Johnson, R., et al. “Green tea and green tea catechin extracts: an overview of the clinical evidence.” Maturitas 73, no. 4 (2012): 280–87. “Green tea extract for external anogenital warts.” Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin 53, no. 10 (2015): 114–16; Gupta, A. K., et al. “Sinecatechins 10% ointment: A green tea extract for the treatment of external genital warts.” Pain 46 (2015): 14–15; Tatti, S., et al. “Sinecatechins, a defined green tea extract, in the treatment of external anogenital warts: a randomized controlled trial.” Obstetrics and Gynecology 111, no. 6 (2008): 1371–79.

38.   Marinac, C. R., et al. “Frequency and circadian timing of eating may influence biomarkers of inflammation and insulin resistance associated with breast cancer risk.” PloS One 10, no. 8 (2015): e0136240; Marinac, C. R., et al. “Prolonged nightly fasting and breast cancer risk: Findings from NHANES (2009–2010).”Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention 24, no. 5 (2015): 783–89.

39.   Beitner, H. “Randomized, placebo‐controlled, double blind study on the clinical efficacy of a cream containing 5% α‐lipoic acid related to photoageing of facial skin.” British Journal of Dermatology 149, no. 4 (2003): 841–49.

40.   Moura, F. A., et al. “Lipoic acid: its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role and clinical applications.” Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 15, no. 5 (2015): 458–83; Patel, M. K., et al. “Can α-lipoic acid mitigate progression of aging-related decline caused by oxidative stress?” Southern Medical Journal 107, no. 12 (2014): 780–87.

41.   Maczurek, A., et al. “Lipoic acid as an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective treatment for Alzheimer’s disease.” Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 60, no. 13 (2008): 1463–70.

42.   Roberts, J. L., et al. “Emerging role of alpha-lipoic acid in the prevention and treatment of bone loss.” Nutrition Reviews 73, no. 2 (2015): 116–25.

43.   Kouzi, S. A., et al. “Natural supplements for improving insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle.” Frontiers in Bioscience 7 (2014): 94–106; Lee, T., et al. “Nutritional supplements and their effect on glucose control.” Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 771, (2012): 381–95.

44.   Huerta, A. E., et al. “Effects of α‐lipoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in overweight and obese women during weight loss.” Obesity 23, no. 2 (2015): 313–21.

45.   Carbonelli, M. G., et al. “α-Lipoic acid supplementation: a tool for obesity therapy?” Current Pharmaceutical Design 16, no. 7 (2010): 840–46.

46.   Koh, E. H., et al. “Effects of alpha-lipoic acid on body weight in obese subjects.” American Journal of Medicine 124, no. 1 (2011): 85-e1.

47.   Natural Resources Defense Council, “What’s on Tap?” last revised 2/6/2012, www.nrdc.org/water/drinking/uscities/pdf/chap04.pdf, accessed February 15, 2016. See also www.nrdc.org/health/safe-drinking-water.asp. You can also look up your drinking water on the Environmental Working Group website, www.ewg.org/tap-water/whats-in-yourwater.php, accessed February 15, 2016.

Chapter 10: Soothe—Week 6

  1.   Epel, E. S., et al. “Accelerated telomere shortening in response to life stress.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101, no. 49 (2004): 17312–15.

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  3.   Acharya, S., et al. “Mirror neurons: Enigma of the metaphysical modular brain.” Journal of Natural Science, Biology and Medicine 3, no. 2 (2012): 118.

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  8.   Judge, T. A., et al. “Genetic influences on core self-evaluations, job satisfaction, and work stress: A behavioral genetics mediated model.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 117, no. 1 (2012): 208–20.

  9.   Ising, M., et al. “Genetics of stress response and stress-related disorders.” Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 8, no. 4 (2006): 433.

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11.   Ising, M., et al. “Polymorphisms in the FKBP5 gene region modulate recovery from psychosocial stress in healthy controls.” European Journal of Neuroscience 28, no. 2 (2008): 389–98.

12.   Zuhl, M., et al. “Exercise regulation of intestinal tight junction proteins.” British Journal of Sports Medicine (2012): bjsports-2012.

13.   Piacentini, M. F., et al. “Stress related changes during a half marathon in master endurance athletes.” Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 55, no. 4 (2015): 329–36; Brisswalter, J., et al. “Neuromuscular factors associated with decline in long-distance running performance in master athletes.” Sports Medicine 43, no. 1 (2013): 51–63; Lac, G., et al. “Changes in cortisol and testosterone levels and T/C ratio during an endurance competition and recovery.” Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 40, no. 2 (2000): 139.

14.   Lamprecht, M., et al. “Exercise, intestinal barrier dysfunction and probiotic supplementation.” Medicine and Sport Science (2012): 47–56; Lamprecht, M., et al. “Probiotic supplementation affects markers of intestinal barrier, oxidation, and inflammation in trained men; a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 9, no. 1 (2012): 45.

15.   Delarue, J., et al. “Fish oil prevents the adrenal activation elicited by mental stress in healthy men.” Diabetes and Metabolism 29, no. 3 (2003): 289–95.

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22.   Mäkinen, T. M., et al. “Autonomic nervous function during whole-body cold exposure before and after cold acclimation.” Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 79, no. 9 (2008): 875–82.

23.   Lu, W. A., et al. “Foot reflexology can increase vagal modulation, decrease sympathetic modulation, and lower blood pressure in healthy subjects and patients with coronary artery disease.” Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 17, no. 4 (2011): 8–14.

24.   Yang, J. L., et al. “Comparison of effect of 5 recumbent positions on autonomic nervous modulation in patients with coronary artery disease.” Circulation Journal 72, no. 6 (2008): 902–08.

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27.   Girsberger, W., et al. “Heart rate variability and the influence of craniosacral therapy on autonomous nervous system regulation in persons with subjective discomforts: a pilot study.” Journal of Integrative Medicine 12, no. 3 (2014): 156–61.

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Chapter 11: Think—Week 7

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Chapter 12: Integrate

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Top Seven Genes: What to Do

  1.   Read more at www.snpedia.com/index.php/Orientation.