Index
Note: The entries for Bacon, Boyle, and Locke do not include titles of their works, since the extensive and intertwined citation in the text would make indexing superfluous. Also, these entries include only those items that are specific to Bacon, Boyle, and Locke; the items that they share among themselves and with other authors treated in this book feature under the thematic entries.
active life, 16, 28, 31, 58, 139, 140
Allestree, Richard, 56. See also Whole Duty of Man, The
anatomy of the mind, as cultura animi genre, 4, 46, 54, 56
Andrewes, Lancelot, 56
angels, 143, 145, 170, 174–75, 204, 205, 207, 208–10, 268n22, 275nn45–46
Anglican religion: consolations, 55, 56, 57; debates over reason, 128; epistemology, 95; Latitudinarianism, 56, 82; pastoral concern, 59, 60, 142, 246n93; promotion of rational religion, 82
Anstey, Peter, 9, 104, 182, 183, 185
anthropology, 8, 222, 227; in Bacon, 16; in Boyle and Locke, 116, 136, 145, 171, 178, 209; in the cultura animi literature, 52, 56, 58, 60, 78; in the virtuosi, 96, 97, 102. See also human nature; knowledge: anthropological-therapeutic approach to
anticipation, 22, 24, 27, 30, 92, 152
Aquinas, Thomas, 248n149
Ariew, Roger, 100
Aristotle: Aristotelian classification of knowledge, 244–45n68; Aristotelian notion of habit, 76, 246n93; Aristotelian scientia, 95; Boyle’s critique of Aristotelian qualities, 173, 250n25; De anima, 242n36; early modern critique of Aristotelian experience, 36, 224; Glanvill’s critique of Aristotelian dogmatism, 81; humanist critique of Aristotelian speculation, 58; Nicomachean Ethics, 62, 249n160; Parva naturalia, 242n36. See also virtues, the: Aristotelian-Thomistic model of
Arnauld, Antoine. See Logique de Port Royal
art of living, philosophy as, 6, 7, 50, 59, 169
assent: degrees of, in piety, 191–92; ill-regulated, 23–26, 61, 69–70, 85–86, 90–92, 94, 150–54; regulation of, 26, 73–74, 76, 86, 99–101, 103, 105, 108, 112, 117, 123, 125, 147, 154–66; Stoic and cultura animi notion of, 66–67, 71, 87, 169, 247n110; suspension of, 73–74
askesis, 6, 7, 51, 224; ascetic practice, 56, 225
attributes, divine: and conception of nature, 136, 171–72; and limits of reason, 175, 176, 179, 180; and physico-theological reasoning, 191, 192; and scope of experience, 204–5, 206, 207
Augustine, 47, 61, 62, 63, 139, 211–12, 246n104, 251n41; City of God, 47, 51; Confessions, 51–52, 55. See also human nature: Augustinian conception of
Augustinianism, 54–55, 64, 71, 96, 222, 242n28, 261n20
authority, critique of, 25, 70, 88, 93, 149, 150, 151, 166
Ayloffe, William, 243n43
Bacon, Anthony, 53
Bacon, Francis: on abstraction, 21, 24, 25; on the end of knowledge, 30–34; on duction, 39, 41; on learned experience, 39–40; on operation on the mind, 17, 26–27, 31, 42; on operation on nature, 31, 33, 42; on the relation between natural philosophy and moral philosophy, 16, 17; on the tree of knowledge, 18–19, 27, 83
Barrow, Isaac, 56
belief. See assent; Locke, John: and the ethics of belief; tincture of beliefs
Bernier, François, 249n5
Boethius, 56
Boyle, Robert: on the corpuscularian hypothesis, 173, 196; on learned ignorance, 179; on physico-theological reasoning, 190–91, 197; on the standard truth, 129–32; and theological voluntarism, 175–76; on things above reason, 115–17; on worlds and systems, 204–5
Browne, Sir Thomas, 252n56
Burnet, Gilbert, 56
Burton, Robert, 240n4, 256n16; Anatomy of Melancholy, 46, 47
Casaubon, Meric, 244n56, 249n160
certainty, degrees of, 10, 40–41, 95, 100, 101, 116, 117, 131, 142, 144, 155, 184, 185. See also moral certainty
character (ethos), 16, 50, 76, 111–12, 125, 157, 163, 220, 248n153, 255n136
charity, 31, 32, 33, 43, 57, 82, 200, 211–12, 217, 218
Charleton, Walter, 3, 79, 83, 98; Epicurus’s Morals, 80; The Immortality of the Human Soul, 79–80, 81, 105; Natural History of the Passions, 84–86; Physiologia Epicuro Gassendo-Charletoniana, 79, 91
Charron, Pierre, 56, 57, 62, 68, 157, 243n48, 246n103; De la sagesse, 57, 59–60, 60–61, 65, 74, 75, 76
Chillingworth, William, 254n120
Christian philosopher, the, 2, 118, 138–40, 165, 171, 218, 221; community of, 218; domain of study of, 3, 199, 206, 208
Christian Virtuoso, the, 118, 134, 139, 168, 209, 220–21
Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 49, 51, 67, 71, 77, 80, 103, 243n48; On the Nature of the Gods, in-263n62; Tusculan Disputations, 49–50, 59, 65, 66, 72, 76. See also office: Ciceronian
Coeffeteau, Nicolas, 242n41 Colie Rosalie, 167
College of Physicians, 79
Colman, John, 265n109
Condren, Conal, 140
conduct of the understanding (or of the intellect, or of the mind): in Boyle, 118, 121, 187; in Locke, 143, 144, 147, 154, 155, 156, 157, 163, 187; in the virtuosi, 81, 88, 89, 93, 104, 105
Cottingham, John, 7
consent, 25, 38, 73, 100, 158, 241n19. See also assent of
consolation, as cultura animi genre, 4, 46, 55–57, 62, 79
cultura and medicina animi, 4–5; ancient traditions of, 4, 48–52, 57; and assent, 66, 69–70, 73–74; in Bacon, 26–30; early modern disciplines and genres, 4, 46–48, 52–58, 226–27; and habituation, 76–77; and human nature, 62–64; and integrated view of mind, 67–71; philosophy as, 4, 54; and practical versus speculative knowledge, 58–60; and reason, 64–65; religion as, 4, 54; and self-knowledge, 71–73; and self-love, 60–62; and virtue, 65, 75
culture of regimens, 5, 12, 45, 52, 83, 98, 113, 138, 227, 229
Davies, John, of Hereford, 242n40
Davies, Sir John, 242n40
Daston, Lorraine, 11, 109, 110, 111, 227, 228
Descartes, René, 4, 7, 54, 84–85, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 99, 100, 105, 107, 121, 148, 164, 250n25, 252n59, 252n62; Discours de la méthode, 89; Méditations métaphysiques, 84, 85, 86; Passions de l’âme, 85, 86
demonstration of the existence of God, 191, 194, 195. See also natural theology
discipline, 5; of assent (see assent: regulation of ); of examination, 30, 107, 118; of inquiry, 127, 132; of judgment, 38, 40, 41, 42, 62, 65, 75, 81, 89, 102, 104, 106, 132, 134, 137, 148 (see also assent: regulation of ); of observation, 38, 41; of well living, 50 (see also art of living, philosophy as). See also Christian philosopher, the: domain of study of; cultura and medicina animi: early modern disciplines and genres
disputation, 22, 23, 81, 82, 88, 125, 142, 154, 159, 167, 189, 210, 217, 263n69, 265n106
dogmatism, 12, 26, 61, 81–82, 90, 93–94, 98–99, 166, 185; and skepticism, 23, 38, 94, 103
Doman´ ski, Juliusz, 50
Du Moulin, Peter, 57, 65; Of Peace and Contentment of Minde, 57, 62, 75, 124–25, 170
duty: in Anglican consolations, 56; in Boyle, 118, 137, 140, 169, 176–77; in Locke, 142, 144, 145, 149, 163, 165, 195, 202–3
Du Vair, Guillaume, 56, 57, 65, 243n48
education
—of children, Locke on, 158–59, 167–68, 210
—of the mind, 2, 5, 221, 227, 229; in Bacon, 4, 14–15, 17, 45; in Boyle, 131, 138, 142–43, 205, 220; in the cultura animi literature, 48–50, 70, 75, 111; in Locke, 142–43, 146, 147, 165, 220
—as source of distempers, 21, 62, 93, 122, 151
Elias, Norbert, 12
Elizabeth of Bohemia, 54
enthusiasm, 12, 61, 81, 82, 90, 98, 128, 149, 150, 201, 216, 223, 234n24, 249n160
Epictetus, 57, 61, 241n12, 243n50, 247n110, 248n154, 254n120
Epicurean philosophy, 49, 79, 80, 84
epistemic modesty, 82, 83, 95–99, 101, 102, 121, 127, 142, 143
epistemological paradigm in historiography, 6
error, accounts of: in Bacon, 18, 20, 21–26; in Boyle, 121–22; in the cultura animi literature, 20, 66, 67–71, 77; in Descartes and Charleton, 85–87; in Glanvill, 90–94; in Hooke, 93; in Locke, 145, 148–54, 165; in the Logique de Port Royal, 87–88, 92. See also mind, distempers and vices of
ethics: in Bacon, 19, 27, 28, 29; in Boyle, 120; Epicurean, 80; ethical purpose of knowledge pursuit, 59, 83, 211, 212; in Glanvill, 82; social and individual, 9, 29, 31; in Stoic philosophy, 50. See also Locke, John: and the ethics of belief
examination: art of, in Bacon, 18, 38; of conscience, 53, 55, 245n78; discipline of, 30, 107, 111; of ideas, opinions, or principles, 23, 26, 53, 55, 65, 74, 75, 156, 161, 202, 261n39; of particulars, 24, 25, 42, 150, 155, 189 (see also natural history); of self, 2, 61, 68, 71, 90, 107, 118, 122, 139, 156, 166, 167 (see also self-knowledge)
exercise and practice: in Bacon, 14, 15, 16, 27, 30, 31, 37, 41, 187; in Boyle, 116–17, 119, 127, 139, 190, 198, 199, 218; in the cultura animi literature, 52, 53, 54, 56, 62, 66, 76, 169, 170; in Locke, 145–46, 147–48, 153, 154–60, 178, 198, 210, 218; in the virtuosi, 80, 82, 89, 98, 104, 110, 113. See also spiritual exercises
experience: as paideia, 118, 127, 138; Puritan piety of, 59; and reason, 3, 38–39, 83, 134, 136–37, 155, 177, 184, 194, 203; scope of, 3, 134, 155, 171, 203–6; as source of knowledge, 10, 36, 134, 186, 224; and theory, 182–87. See also Bacon, Francis: on learned experience; natural history
experimental natural philosophy: aims of, 1; communal nature of, 11–12, 18, 43–44, 72, 106–109, 139, 166, 182–83, 228;
experimental natural philosophy (cont.) defense of, versus speculative natural philosophy, 9, 34–35, 44, 98, 102, 104, 107, 135, 171, 187, 224 (see also speculation, critique of); as philosophy of God’s works, 112, 169; service to religion, 112–13, 126–27, 169–70, 190–96; and theology, 199–200, 203; utility of, 9 (see also utility)
faculties of the mind. See mind: anatomy of distempers of; mind, distempers and vices of
Fall, the: 8, 31–32, 51, 53, 54, 61, 63, 90, 91, 92, 96, 114, 122, 136, 209; postlapsarian restoration of man, 1–2, 32–33, 54
Fathers of the Church, early, 50–51, 56, 80, 243n47, 243n50
Flacius, Matthias, 58
freedom: of belief, 165; of indifference, 85–86, 105; of inquiry, 123, 125, 127, 137; of the mind, 42, 49, 100, 103, 105, 111, 112, 120, 122, 126, 149, 161–62, 200; philosophical, 81; political, 149. See also attributes, divine
friend, the, and friendship, 11, 26, 55, 72, 81, 83, 106, 109, 139, 166–68, 218
Galen, 67, 71, 91–92, 153, 170; The Passions and Errors of the Soul, 66, 72, 73, 76
Gassendi, Pierre, 4, 80, 84, 89, 95, 99, 100, 114, 249n3, 252n58, 255n123, 260n6; Institutio Logica, 88, 254n120; The Mirrour of True Nobility, 249n160
Gaukroger, Stephen, 7, 11, 15–16, 17, 255n136
Glanvill, Joseph, 3, 70, 76, 95, 105, 107, 120, 121, 143, 147, 148, 150, 151, 153, 244n56, 252nn58–60, 253n102; “Anti-fanatical Religion and Free Philosophy,” 81–83, 97–98; Philosophia Pia, 111–13, 224; “Of Scepticism and Certainty,” 99–100, 102–3; Vanity of Dogmatizing, 90–91, 92, 93, 98, 101, 114
Great Tew Circle, the, 56
Greene, Robert, 128
habits
—vicious, 22, 25, 61, 70, 76, 151, 154
—virtuous, and habituation: in Bacon, 26–27; in Boyle, 125, 127; in the cultura animi literature, 64, 66, 73, 76–77, 78, 223, 248n153; in Descartes, 86, 87, 89; in Locke, 151, 153, 154–60, 162–63, 165, 167–68, 210; in the virtuosi, 105, 111, 112, 228
Harrison, Peter, 8, 11, 16, 96, 97, 175, 190, 222, 225, 244n60
health of mind, 5, 8, 225; in Bacon, 27–28, 37, 42; in Boyle, 139; in the cultura animi literature, 48, 49, 50, 54, 65, 73, 74, 77; in Locke, 146, 153, 157, 160, 165; in the virtuosi, 112
Henry, John, 175
hermeneutics, biblical, 211; Boyle’s guidelines of, 212–15; of charity, 211–12; Locke’s guidelines of, 215–18
Hooke, Robert, 2, 3, 104, 121, 148, 151, 166; A General Scheme or Idea of the Present State of Natural Philosophy, 93, 104–5, 107, 108; Micrographia, 1
Hooker, Richard, 56
human nature: Augustinian conception of, 8, 11, 16, 178; Jesuit conception of, 178; mitigated Augustinian (or Augustinian-Socratic) conception of, 8, 31–32, 58, 60, 62–64, 120, 145–46, 178, 223
Hunter, Michael, 182, 183, 221, 256n16
hypotheses: Boyle on, 183–84; Locke on, 185–87. See also Boyle, Robert: on the corpuscularian hypothesis; Locke, John: on the corpuscularian hypothesis
idols of the mind, the: Bacon on, 15, 18, 20–26, 27, 28–29, 34, 36, 73; as Baconian legacy, 222; in Boyle, 122; in Glanvill, 92, 93; in Hooke, 93, 107; in Locke, 145, 260n16
indifference: in cultura animi context, 105, 111, 161, 254n120; in Descartes, 85–86, 250n33
inquirer, the, figure of, 3, 43, 105, 109, 118, 159, 161, 172, 179, 187, 218, 220
Jaeger, Werner, 233n8
Jones, Matthew, 234n11
judgment: art of, in Bacon, 18, 38; suspension of, 23, 26, 41, 73–74, 86, 123; theory of, in Locke, 148, 155. See also assent; discipline: of judgment; error, accounts of
knowledge: anthropological-therapeutic approach to, 5, 8, 78; growth of, 18, 44–45, 106, 129–32, 138, 179, 188, 208; labor of, 33, 68, 100, 101, 102, 149, 166, 167, 177, 195, 238n93; practical versus speculative, 58–60 (see also speculation, critique of; utility); problem of, 12, 52, 96, 222, 225; pursuit of, 2, 3, 9, 17, 29, 32, 33, 68, 82, 83, 109, 135, 142, 144, 149, 167, 195, 200, 203, 220, 222, 229; transmission of, 25, 26, 44; types of, in Locke, 143, 185. See also certainty, degrees of; probability; self-knowledge
Lagrée, Jacqueline, 65
Latitudinarian doctrines, 56, 82
Lipsius, Justus, 56, 57, 65, 243n48; De Constantia, 57, 59, 64–65
Locke, John: on the association of ideas, 150–51; on the chain of being, 174, 206–7, 209; on the corpuscularian hypothesis, 174; and the ethics of belief, 164–65; on innate ideas, 178; on the law of nature, 177, 194–96; on learned ignorance, 180; on toleration, 149, 166, 261n35
logic: in Bacon, 2, 15, 17, 18–19, 27, 29, 30, 33, 38; as cultura animi genre, 46; early modern, 88, 89; late scholastic, 71, 88; in Stoic philosophy, 50; the virtuosi’s attitude to, 82, 83
Logique de Port Royal, 87–88, 89, 92, 94
love of truth, 43, 91, 112, 125, 154, 159–62, 165, 200
lover of truth, the, 162, 163, 166, 168, 220, 221
Lower, Richard, 141
Malebranche, Nicolas, 88, 251n46
Marcus Aurelius, 56, 241n12, 248n154
Marshall, John, 166
mathematics: and certainty, 95, 143; as cultivating practice, 82, 120, 155, 250n19
melancholy, 20, 46, 55, 79, 240n4
Melanchthon, Philip, 246n87
Mersenne, Marin, 95
methods and rules of inquiry: impersonal and mechanical, 8, 16, 17, 96, 222, 226; non-formalized, 10; as regimen for the mind, 16, 18, 32, 37–43, 88–89, 99–106, 123–27, 154–63, 182, 187–90, 190–92, 211–18, 225–26
Meynell, G. G., 188
Miller, Peter, 12
mind
—analogy with body, 14, 28, 49, 50, 67, 119, 145, 157–8
—anatomy of distempers of, 18–26, 67–71, 84–88, 90–95, 118–19, 121–22, 148–54
—complexion of, 20, 21, 41, 247n133
—distempers and vices of: credulity, 25, 41, 44, 61, 69, 70, 73, 88, 90, 93, 108, 145, 189, 255n127, 261n39; forwardness, 90, 91, 94, 150, 152, 153, 187, 217, 267n144; hastiness, 21, 23, 24, 66, 70, 73, 76, 91, 94, 99, 123, 125, 152, 153, 187, 188, 216, 235n22, 263n68; idleness, 59, 80, 112, 153, 160, 195, 267n144; impatience, 23, 26, 64, 69, 91, 152, 153, 154, 155, 214; inconstancy, 61, 66, 68; intemperance, 23, 43, 66, 76, 80, 91, 92, 188; laziness, 101, 126, 127, 145, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 156, 160, 192, 194, 214, 217, 261n39; narrowness, 23, 98, 107, 111, 112, 132, 161, 200, 217, 267n144; obstinacy, 61, 62, 65, 68, 75, 76, 88, 90, 93, 98, 104, 123, 125, 150, 267n144; partiality, 22, 92, 111, 132, 200, 217, 218; precipitation, 66, 75, 86, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 152, 154, 156, 160, 188, 252n62, 263n66; prejudices, 62, 70, 88, 93, 100, 105, 107, 121, 122, 125, 126, 137, 142, 149, 150, 152, 217, 254n120; preoccupation, 23, 75, 93, 151, 217; prepossession, 93, 108, 121, 122, 126, 132, 134, 137, 151, 166, 178, 189; presumption, 61, 62, 92, 94, 98, 126, 144, 152, 214; rashness, 61, 62, 66, 75, 90, 91, 92, 152, 263n62; restlessness, 25, 33, 41, 64, 188; sloth, 35, 217. See also anticipation; disputation; dogmatism; enthusiasm; pride; self-love
mind (cont.)
—integrated view of, 2, 5, 19, 21, 25, 67, 69, 70, 76, 118, 148, 152, 153, 160, 226
—motions or movements of, 18, 20, 24, 25, 28, 33, 61, 67, 71, 73, 111, 119, 156, 204, 205, 235n12
—relation with world, 34, 102, 135–37, 172–181, 189. See also reason: limits of
—virtues of: attention, 26, 101, 119, 125–26, 127, 155–56, 158, 160, 165, 192, 195, 213, 216; candor, 105, 107, 111, 156, 158, 165; constancy, 28–29, 49, 61, 65, 66, 74, 75, 79, 102, 103, 263n62; docility, 75, 124–25, 126, 127, 132, 134–35, 137, 189, 199, 206; générosité, 86; generosity, 75, 111; honesty, 11, 60, 76–77, 80, 105, 110, 228; humility, 33, 37, 43, 56, 61, 75, 78, 102, 124, 170, 179, 187, 193, 213, 214, 215; impartiality, 108, 109, 110, 111, 123, 124, 126, 127, 137, 159; magnanimity, 28, 62, 75; patience, 29, 37, 41, 56, 69, 88, 102, 137, 170, 192, 213, 215; prudence, 26, 31, 47, 65, 74, 75, 95, 246n103, 260n13; resolution, nature: and art, in Bacon, 39, 42; Baconian control of, 17, 31; Boyle’s conception of, 136, 172–73, 176; as labyrinth, 32, 102; Locke’s conception of, 173–74; religious value of the study of (see natural theology); states of, in Bacon, 39; the study of, as cure for the soul, 80, 83, 169
Neoplatonism and the cure of the soul, 50, 63
Nicole, Pierre, 71, 246n93, 247n125. See also Logique de Port Royal
Nuovo, Victor, 243n47, 243n48, 266n127
objectivity, 6, 11, 16, 37, 109–10; as universality, 11, 75, 111–13, 228; as value 11, 227
office: of the Christian, 190; Ciceronian, 166; of the friend, 168; of man as a rational creature, 137, 139, 140; philosophical, 7, 16, 221; of philosophy, 57, 60, 99; of reason, 64–65
opinion: examination of, 48, 53, 55, 75, 81, 108, 118, 154; modesty in, 82, 94 27, 29, 61, 62, 72, 86, 87, 89; strength, 27, 28, 29, 30, 37, 65, 74, 78, 107–8, 119, 157, 158; temperance, 65, 76, 167; tranquility, 20, 79, 80, 84, 260n13; universality, 11, 75, 111–13, 228; wisdom, 29, 49, 50, 55, 57, 59, 60, 61, 63, 65, 74, 80, 94. See also charity; epistemic modesty; freedom: of the mind; health of mind; indifference: in cultura animi context; love of truth
Molyneux, William, 166, 267n135
Montaigne, Michel de, 264n95
More, Henry, 252n60
Morgan, John, 58–59
Mornay, Philippe Du Plessis, 63, 245n83, 246n87; De la vérité de la religion Chrestienne, 63
Mulligan, Lotte, 104, 128, 134
natural history: in Bacon, 34–37, 39–40, 42; in Boyle, 182–84; of the human mind, 145, 146–48, 227; in Locke, 184–89
natural theology: as exercise for the mind, 112–13, 190–96, 206, 225; scope of, in Boyle, 204 (see also epistemic modesty); Neostoic notion of, 64–65, 69–70, 101, 253n102; overconfidence in, 99, 104 (see also dogmatism); probable, 74, 100, 103, 143; Pyrrhonian life without, 73, 74; rectification and government of, 56, 57, 143, 147, 241n19; toleration of, 166, 218
original sin, 51, 61, 96, 251n41
paideia: Christianity as, 50–51; as education of the soul, 2, 3, 15, 16, 17, 50, 218, 220, 223, 233n8, 243n47 (see also education of the mind); experience as, 118, 127, 138; inquiry as 3, 137; philosophy as, 6, 7, 169
Paracelsus, 170
Pascal, Blaise, 4, 7, 64, 178, 246n93, 273n126
passions. See error, accounts of; treatise of the passions of the soul, as cultura animi genre
Passmore, John, 266n127
pastoral care, works of, as cultura animi genre, 46, 55
Patrick, Simon, 55, 56; The Hearts Ease, 55–56
persona, philosophical, 7, 11, 16, 167, 221, 222
physician of the soul, the, 4, 9, 11, 47–48, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 70, 72, 79, 82, 99, 120, 139, 168, 221, 223
physico-theology, 171, 181, 190, 225. See also natural theology
Plato: Bacon’s critique of the Platonic school, 23, 36; Laws, cited by Wright, 62; Platonic cure of the soul, 48–49, 80; Platonic doctrine and Augustine, 51; Platonic logic, cited by Glanvill, 82; Platonic virtues, 241n11; Platonizing Stoics, 56–57; source for Galen, 66
Plutarch, 49, 61, 77, 80, 243n48
Power, Henry, 170
pride: in Bacon, 21, 22, 23, 24, 34, 35; in Boyle, 122, 131, 135; in the cultura animi literature, 51, 61, 65; in Locke, 210; in the virtuosi, 87, 94, 111. See also self-love
probabilism, 78, 84, 95, 96, 189
probability: degrees of, 95, 142, 155, 223; epistemic domain of, 143–44, 181; wrong measures of, in Locke, 149–50, 164–65
probable status (of findings, propositions, or doctrines): in Academic skepticism, 73–74; in Boyle, 123, 172, 177, 183–84; in Locke, 148, 155, 173, 185, 206, 209; in the virtuosi, 95, 96, 97, 100, 101–2, 103, 106, 223–24. See also epistemic modesty; moral certainty; skepticism
rational creature, the, 2, 137, 140, 143, 147, 157, 158, 161, 162, 165, 221, 225
rational religion, 63, 64, 82, 115, 128
reader, the: of books, 43, 119, 167, 218; of Scripture, 198, 211–18
reason: abstracted, in Boyle, 132–36; advancement of, 19; as candle of the Lord, 146; as a dim light, 136, 145; and the emotions, 52, 192–95, 226 (see also mind: integrated view of ); and experience, 3, 38–39, 83, 134, 136–37, 155, 177, 184, 194, 203; as gift of God, 17, 34, 137, 140, 203; and grace, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 62, 64, 82, 120, 201–2, 250n35; growth of, 129, 132, 135, 202, 206; layered conception of, 127, 146, 165; limits of, 97, 114–17, 121, 142–44, 175–77, 223, 224; as medicine, 28, 49, 77, 80; operations of, in Locke, 148; perfecting (work) of, 37, 88, 117, 121, 125, 139, 223, 233n7, 244n57; and religion, 67, 82; and revelation, 201–2, 223; seeds of, 147; senses of, in Boyle, 133; as a touchstone, 157. See also right reason
Reynolds, Edward, 53–54, 59, 71, 72, 89, 93, 104, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150; A Treatise of the Passions and Faculties of the Soule of Man, 53, 54, 63–64, 69–70, 73, 74
rhetoric: in Bacon, 15, 18, 19; as cultura animi genre, 4, 46, 47, 54–55, 58; Roman tradition of, 211
right reason: Boyle on, 118, 128–38; history of, 127–28; Neostoic view of, 64–65
Roberts and Wood, 163–64, 229, 266n128
Rogers, Thomas, 242n40
Royal Society of London, 1, 2, 96, 99, 103, 109, 183
Royal Society virtuosi, 3, 11, 12, 48, 72, 83, 97, 98, 99, 118, 121, 138; Baconian legacy of, 9, 12, 17, 35, 109, 169, 182, 187, 222, 224
sacrifice of praise, the, 113, 190–9, 200, 209
Sancto Paulo, Eustachius a, 247n124
Sargent, Rose-Mary, 115–16, 182, 183, 277n78
Schmidt, Jeremy, 56
search for truth, 99, 101, 102, 116, 137, 139, 142, 163, 166, 168, 193, 203, 218–19
self-government, 66, 94, 103, 108, 132
self-knowledge: in Bacon, 26, 27; in Boyle, 117, 178–79; in the cultura animi literature, 47, 48, 52, 60, 71–73; Jansenist view of, 71, 246n93; in Locke, 143, 144, 178–79, 247n125; in the virtuosi, 80, 82, 102, 109
self-love: in Bacon, as self-adoration, 21–22, 25, 26; in Boyle, 119, 122, 193; in the cultura animi literature, 61–62, 68, 71–73, 75; in Glanvill, 92, 93, 112; Jansenist view of, 246n93; in Locke, 154, 267n144; in the Logique de Port Royal, 87–88, 92
self-mastery, 43, 44, 86, 132, 134, 158, 169, 228
Sellars, John, 50, 76, 248n153
Senault, François, 243n43
Seneca, Lucius Annaeus, 49, 57, 61, 71, 80, 176, 241n19, 243n48, 246n90, 247n110, 248n154; Natural Questions, 120, 180, 257nn26–27
Shapin, Steven, 11, 12, 96, 97, 106, 110, 138, 225, 226
Shuger, Deborah, 55
Sidney, Sir Philip, 54, 63, 244n57, 245n83
skepticism: Anglican, 95; in cultura animi terms, 10, 84, 102–6, 117, 125, 223–24; and dogmatism, 23, 38, 70, 94, 103; early modern revival of, 6, 95, 96; moderate or mitigated, 73–74, 78, 95, 131; Pyrrhonian, 73, 94. See also epistemic modesty
social order, 6, 12, 47, 96, 97, 120, 228
Socrates, 35, 139; reason as Socratic medicine, 49, 52, 119, 223; Socratic care of the soul, 4, 48, 54, 64, 125; Socratic figure, 72, 229; Socratic inquiry and examination, 74, 82, 150; Socratic skeptical modesty, 105, 114, 117; Socratic wisdom, 61. See also human nature: mitigated Augustinian (or Augustinian-Socratic) conception of
Solomon’s House, 79, 81, 83, 109
speculation, critique of, 9; in Bacon: 22, 35–36, 37, 38; in Boyle, 119, 135, 187, 189, 201, 274n28; in cultura animi context, 58–60; in Locke, 142, 188, 189, 201; in the Logique de Port Royal, 88; in practical divinity, 56, 244n60; in the virtuosi, 103–4
Spinoza, Benedict de, 89
spiritual physick, 55, 119, 223
Sprat, Thomas, 2, 3, 106; The History of the Royal Society, 1, 80, 81, 83, 92–93, 94, 103–4, 107, 108, 125, 254n111
Spurr, John, 56, 59, 128, 246n93
Stanley, Thomas, 249n3
Sydenham, Thomas, 141, 188, 260n6
syllogistic logic and reasoning, critique of, 24, 82, 89, 104, 148, 153
systems, theoretical, critique of, 36, 37, 38, 45, 81, 82, 102, 122, 183, 187, 188, 189
Taylor, Jeremy, 56, 59, 249–50n14
Tillotson, John, 56
tincture of beliefs, 20, 22–23, 25–26, 70, 76–77, 112, 151, 152, 161, 188, 223, 248n156
treatise of the passions of the soul, as cultura animi genre, 4, 46, 53–54, 67–71, 84–87, 89–90
tutor, the, 72, 158–59, 167–68, 247n133
two books, the, 3, 198–99, 214–15, 224
utility: as philanthropy, 26, 31, 33, 81, 83, 104; as practical, versus speculative, knowledge, 58–60; as usefulness for the human mind, 1, 33, 60, 80, 81, 83, 88, 104, 119–21, 142, 145, 223
Vickers, Brian, 31
virtue epistemology, 163–64, 227, 229
virtues, the, 7, 46; Aristotelian-Thomistic model of, 7, 8, 16; in Bacon, 15, 27–28, 29–30, 44; in Boyle, 123–27; crossing the moral-intellectual divide, 29–30, 66, 125, 132, 156, 163, 199, 228; in the cultura animi literature, 8, 75; demise of, 7, 8, 16; hermetic-mystic model of, 8; in Locke, 156–63, 165; moral, 82; religious, 192–94; social-civic, 11, 44; theological, 57; in the virtuosi, 102–6, 111. See also habits, virtuous, and habituation; mind, virtues of
vita activa. See active life
Walker, Obadiah, 70, 72, 74, 75, 77
Walmsley, Peter, 167
way of life: philosophy as, 6, 7, 48, 50, 109, 220. See also art of living, philosophy as
Whole Duty of Man, The, 56, 142
Wilkins, John, 95, 100, 105, 170, 253n102
Wilkins circle, the, 119
Wojcik, Jan, 115, 116, 175, 223
Wolterstorff, Nicholas, 164
Woolton, John, 242n40
Wright, Thomas, 52, 53, 58, 65, 70, 73, 79, 119, 147, 166, 256n16; The Passions of the Minde in Generall, 46, 47, 53, 54, 62, 67–69, 72, 73, 245n78
Yeo, Richard, 142
Yolton, John, 184–85, 207, 271n79
Zagzebski, Linda, 163