Note: Entries are filed word-by-word. All ranks, titles and honorifics are ignored in filing, as are leading articles and prepositions. Page numbers in italics refer to figures.
Adcock aerials 115
Adcock, Frank 85
Adelaide, HMAS (ship) 93
Adelaide Steamship Company 27
Admiralty Islands 144, 147
aerial reconnaissance 210
Airy, Lieutenant Colonel E.A. 176–7
Aitape 320
Akagi, HIJMS (ship) 208, 209
Akin, Brigadier General Spencer B. 219, 227, 246, 271, 272
Albatross, HMAS (ship) 108, 109, 110, 111
Alexio, Dom 330
Allied Intelligence Bureau
amateur attitude of 310–11, 318
breaches ‘Y’ security 255–6
cost of 171
dual task of 323
FERDINAND becomes part of 302, 308
hostility of locals in New Guinea 162
Kempeitai maps organisation and plans of 168, 253
lands parties on Bougainville 303
operations against the Japanese 308–12, 317–20, 321–5, 330, 333, 335, 337
organisational structure 172, 173
origins 169–70
as part of MacArthur’s GHQ 170, 171
personnel 172–3
pressured for intelligence 309
punishment of locals for aiding 163
reasons for operational failures 165
unfazed by operational failures 325–6
see also Services Reconnaissance Department
Allied Translator and Interpretation Service 223
Allied Works Council 227
Alone on Guadalcanal (Clemens) 299
Amalgamated Wireless Australasia Ltd see AWA
Ambitle see Large Feni Island
Ambon 321, 325
Ambrose, HMS (ship) 99
Andaman Islands 201
Andresen, Petty Officer A.M. 290, 292, 293, 298
Anir Island 139, 140, 144, 146
Annie Larsen, SS (ship) 57
Anzac, HMAS (ship) 108, 109
Appleton, Edward 95, 96–7
Arathoon, Lazarus Sarkies 60, 61, 62
Aravia 151, 152
Arawe 316
Archer, C.W. 234, 236–7, 239
Archer, F.P. 151
Archer, Henry 196
Area Combined Headquarters, Port Moresby 142–3
Area Combined Headquarters, Townsville 143
Armidale, HMAS (ship) 328
Aroe Islands 324
Asada Ryoitsu, Major 29, 30–1
Asama, HIJMS (ship) 111, 112, 112
Ashton, Captain L.E. 310, 314
Astoria, USS (ship) 211, 295
Aubry-Lecomte, G. 5
Advisory War Council 171
alarmed at possession of New Caledonia xix–xx
clandestine operations in New Hebrides xv, xxii, 1–8, 338
collects commercial intelligence in Far East 11–14
cuts defence spending 51, 75
fight between General Staff and Attorney-General 177
foundation of 1
government excluded from ULTRA 239
government inquiry into defence 75–6
human intelligence in northern Australia 53–4
intelligence operations prior to WWI 338
intelligence status in 1939 181–2
lack of experience in foreign intelligence operations 170–1
opposes subordination of Australian Squadron 89–90
Pacific Branch 64, 71–4, 75, 190, 339
poor security in government 238, 249–50
sends military observers to Russo-Japanese war 17, 19–20
shares ULTRA intelligence 245
Soviet intelligence agents in 250, 252, 256–7, 258, 261–2
takes possession of New Guinea xx–xxi
underestimates importance of Darwin station 119
unhappy with British attitude to New Hebrides xxi–xxii, 2
Australia, HMAS (ship) 45, 62, 94, 98, 106, 108, 109, 212
Australia–Japan Society 128
Australian Army
1st Independent Rifle Company 146, 151, 285, 286
1st Infantry Battalion 125
2/2 Independent Company 321, 322, 329
2/4 Independent Company 323
2 Corps Radio Intelligence Section 228
4 Australian Special Wireless Section 215–19
5 Australian Special Wireless Section 219
9th Australian Division 312, 313, 317
30th Brigade 204
52 Australian Special Wireless Section 240–1, 263
attempts to recruit coastwatchers 141
Australian Women’s Army Service 228
clashes with ACNB 141
Diplomatic Section 235–6, 238, 241
disbands Intelligence Corps 24
discusses need for SIGINT capability 215
dysfunction in leadership of 18–19
establishes cryptographic group 189
exploits capabilities of Trendall’s bureau 240
first military intelligence operation 15
Intelligence Corps 21, 22, 30
Japanese massacre soldiers at Tol 150
Kirkpatrick’s investigation into 22–4
Military Censor 129
Military Intelligence Branch 24, 123, 128–9, 141–2, 181, 189, 194, 280
pressures RAN to hand over coastwatchers 280–1
provides 25 per cent of Central Bureau staff 271, 273
pulls FERDINAND into AIB 302
Squires recommends reorganisation of 186–7
in the structure of Central Bureau 229
see also Special Intelligence Bureau
Australian Broadcasting Commission 147, 151
Australian Commonwealth Naval Board
able to read German maritime traffic 46
acquires direction-finding kits 98–9
acquires telegraphic recorders 95–6
asked to contribute to direction-finding effort 192
boosts SIGINT personnel 122
budget cuts 75, 110
CAST takes over US Navy/ACNB SIGINT unit 198–200, 234–5
considers German diplomatic communications 48
control of Commonwealth naval forces 34
controls Reporting Officer network 9
employs Barnes on Nauru 119–20
employs Hockings as secret agent 55
falls back on Admiralty Instructions 77
grapples with Japanese language issue 66–7
increases direction finding capability 114
indifferent to proposed SIGINT system 266
Intelligence Branch 34–5, 37
intelligence liaison with Admiralty 77–8
intelligence operations in NEI 55–7, 59–60
intelligence role of 40–1
intelligence sharing with London 37
intelligence successes (1914–18) 37
invites CAST to establish operations in Australia 198
lack of suitable HUMINT personnel 52
lobbies for Arathoon to stay in Australia 61
lobbies for defence inquiry 75
Naval Intelligence Service 25
operational budget (1938) 186
orders targeting of signals from China 111
orders telegraphists to practice Japanese Morse 91–2
organises intelligence system for Australia 77–8
policy on coastwatch stations (1943) 301–2
recalls all naval officers and ratings 320
refused access to DF equipment 115
requests extra staff for Melbourne office 194
responsible for Solomon Islands coastwatching 290
seizes German naval codes 25, 37, 44–50
sets up first coastwatching service 81–3
signals intelligence capabilities 87
surrenders intelligence lead to CGS 187
Suttor obtains intelligence for 13
Sydney Intelligence Centre handed over to 34
willing to subordinate SIGINT effort to US Navy 226
withdraws personnel from AIB 179
Australian Defence Committee 266, 268
Australian Labor Party 10, 269–70, 272
Australian Mercantile Marine 36
Australian Military Forces Weekly Intelligence Review, No. 118 257
Australian Naval Staff 35, 76
Australian New Guinea Administrative Unit 148, 151, 162, 308–9, 313
Australian Parliament xxii
Australian Security Intelligence Organisation xvi, 127
Australian Security Service 177
Australian Special Wireless Group 229
Australian United Steam Navigation Company 2, 3
Australian War Cabinet 272
Australian Women’s Army Service 228, 272
AWA 94–5, 115, 138, 139, 142
‘B’ Procedure 76
B Telegraphic Code 91
Baillie-Grohman, Commander H.T. 102, 104
Bali 57
Ball, R.A. 101–2, 105–6
Ball, W.B. 146
Ballard, Geoffrey 217, 218
bandwidth 264
Barnes, Petty Officer H.J. 103, 106, 109–10, 119–20
Barrett, Lieutenant F.A. 315–16
Bartholomew, General William 113–14
Barton, Edmund 1, 2, 4–5, 10, 24, 63
Bates, Captain C.D. 315
Battle of the Coral Sea 155, 199, 201, 205–6, 279, 293
Battle of El Alamein 312
Battle of the Java Sea 199, 206
Battle of Kula Gulf 302
Battle of Midway 199, 201, 205, 207–10, 278
Battle of Savo Island 211–12, 294, 295
Battle of Sunda Strait 199
Battle of Tassafaronga 213
Battle of Tsushima 20
Bean, Charles 126, 127
Beckett, W.G. 57–8
Bedkober, Lieutenant Douglas N. 286, 287, 289
Bell, Lieutenant L.J. 149, 281, 310
Bengough, C.N.F. 291
Benham, Gregory 154–6
Beresford, Admiral Lord Charles 36
Berlin 233, 234, 241, 242
Biagi tribe 162
bin Anduat, Colonel Koram 163, 164
Birdwood, General 128
Black Dogs 153, 284, 285
Blakely, Flight Lieutenant W.C. 222, 226
Blamey, General Thomas 179, 246, 248, 255, 260–1, 270, 274, 323
Bletchley Park 241
Bliss, Corporal A.D. 315
Bloch, Sergeant J.A. 324
Boang 307
Bode, Captain Howard 211
Boeton (Buton) Island 53, 60
Bonegilla 229, 235, 240
BONIFACE 224
Booth, Squadron Leader H.R. 218, 223, 226, 244
Borneo 90, 163, 175
Bougainville
Black Dogs 153, 284, 285
coastwatchers on 144, 281, 282, 284–90, 288, 293, 294
Feldt appoints coastwatchers 139
hostility of locals 304–5
intertribal wars 307
Japanese cut throat of chief 152
Japanese focus on 150, 279
Tokkeitai on 160
Torokina landing 303
Boye-Jones, Sydney 291–2
Brandau, Dr Carlos 327
Brearley, Wing Commander S.G. 280
Bridges, Major William Thorsby 9, 15, 18–19, 21–2, 30, 338
Brisbane 197, 235, 275
Brisbane, HMAS (ship) 93
Britain see United Kingdom
British Council 277
British Petroleum 277
British Phosphate Commission 119
British Security Co-ordination 174
British Solomon Islands Protectorate Defence Force 290
Broadbent, Lieutenant John 70, 93, 98
Broadhurst, Captain D.K. 327, 329
Brook, Sir Charles Vyner de Windt 178
Brookbank, Walter 296
Broome 78, 80
Bruce, Stanley Melbourne 73, 339
Bruford, Walter Horace 86
Buckley, Lieutenant Colonel E.J. 305–6
Buka, Sergeant 318
Buka Passage 139, 140, 150, 151, 279, 293
Bullen, H.W. 291
Bullock, Lieutenant H.W. 144, 145
Buna 162, 279
Bunning, Private J.I. 318, 319
Burley, Squadron Leader S.F. 248, 260–1
Burnett, Captain J. 192
Burns Philp 2, 3, 9, 58, 65
‘C’ (Head of SIS) 178, 233, 251, 252–3, 274
Cahill, Robert 222
Cairns 26–7, 28, 179, 180
Cameron, Captain A.G. 149
Canada 11, 220, 229
Canadian Special W/T Group 273, 274
Canberra, HMAS (ship) 106, 109, 211, 295
Canberra Press Gallery 238
Cape Esperance 295
Cape Gloucester 312, 313, 314
Capes, Lieutenant George 70, 93
Cardew, A.M. 67
Carlson, Sergeant L.T.W. 315–16
Carr, Major 241
Carr, Lieutenant Colonel H.H. 146
Carvalho, J. 335
Carvalho, Manuel de Abreu Ferreira de 322, 328
Cashman, Lieutenant J.R.F. 255–6, 327, 333, 334
Castle, Gordon 49
Cawthorn, Major General W.J. 240
Celebes 55, 323
Central Bureau
as a combined unit 220
discovers IJA’s source of intelligence 253
establishment of (1942) 215–30
field units 229
finds evidence LAGARTO compromised 335–6
intercepts own intelligence 247–8
moves to Philippines 270–1
nucleus retained after war 276
ordered to stop exchanges with British SIGINT 245
organisational structure 222
organises launch for SIGINT 304
poor relationship with FRUMEL 213, 251
provides GC&CS with Japanese intercepts 263, 264, 268
Sandford recommends end of operations 275
security breaches 255, 257–8
security concerns 237
SIS oversight of 178
Special Intelligence Personnel Section 223
Special W/T Sections 228
threat to intelligence-sharing with GC&CS 175–6
Treweek posted to 214
ULTRA offer made to 238–9
volume of intercepted messages 266
women in the workforce 269–72
Ceylon 89, 197, 202
Chalmers, Rear Admiral W.S. 108
Chapman, Austin 18
Chapman, Colonel John 196
Chatfield, Admiral Sir Ernle 113, 114
Chauvel, Harry 18, 19
Chester, Henry xx
Chicago, USS (ship) 211, 295
Chichester, Lieutenant R. 93
Chifley, Ben 272–3
Chifley government 270
Chikuma, HIJMS (ship) 212
China
Australian trade commissioners in 11, 12
Britain jams diplomatic radio links 253
British signals intelligence 89
Japan breaks codes of 165
Japanese Army in 14, 110–11, 187–8
Japanese puppet state created 117
Nationalist Chinese 238, 253, 254, 258, 259, 260, 284
negotiates ceasefire with Japan 111
Chinese language 91
Chitose, HIJMS (ship) 212, 213
Chitral, SS (ship) 276
Chogei HIJMS (ship) 104
Choiseul 296, 297, 302
Chokai, HIJMS (ship) 210–211
Chugg, Dr R.A. 148, 281
Chungking 253, 258, 259
Churchill, Winston 174, 179, 232, 234, 249, 260
Clare, Captain C.J. 46, 82
Clark, James 78
Clarke, Colonel Carter 274
Clarke, William (Nobby) 85
Clemens, Martin 292, 293, 299, 301
Cloncurry 227
The Coastwatchers (Feldt) 162
coastwatching operations
behind enemy lines (1942–1943) 278–99, 288
brushes with Italian and German vessels 144
coastwatchers used as forward scouts 313
early operations (1912–1920) 78–84
Feldt leads Combined Field Intelligence Service 179
Feldt stops coastwatchers becoming guerrilla force 297
FERDINAND operations 154, 175, 286–94, 297–310, 312–20, 324, 329, 339
during the Japanese offensive (1942) 144–56
Jellicoe’s recommendations regarding 76
Kempeitai tracks down radio operatives 153, 155, 156, 160, 162, 281–9
preparations for war (1939–1941) 136–44
in the Solomons and Pacific (1943) 300–7
threat from Japanese SIGINT 165–6, 167–8
use of triangulation 282, 283
Cochrane, Captain Henry 81–2, 83
codes and encoding see cryptanalysis
Coker, Ellen 124
Colegrave, Lieutenant Commander E. 196
Coleman, Lieutenant Colonel W.F. 305
Colombo 197, 198, 201, 202, 275
Colvin, Rear Admiral Ragnar M. 183–8, 191
Combined Bureau Middle East 223
Combined Field Intelligence Service 179
Combined Operations and Intelligence Centre 143, 184
Committee of Imperial Defence (UK) 118–19
Commonwealth Customs Department 39
Commonwealth Department of Air 266
Commonwealth Department of the Attorney-General 177
Commonwealth Department of Defence 2, 104
Commonwealth Department of External Affairs 63, 249
Commonwealth Department of the Navy 266
Commonwealth Department of the Postmaster-General 267
Commonwealth Department of the Prime Minister 104
Commonwealth Department of Works 122
Commonwealth Investigation Branch 123, 142
Commonwealth Public Service 71
Commonwealth Security Service 127, 133, 142, 177–8, 190, 258, 259, 261
Communications Intelligence Unit, Melbourne 191
Comonitor 317–18
Compton, Corporal 133
Cook, Joseph 83
Cook, Ralph E. 200, 222
Coonawarra, HMAS (ship) 193, 201
Cooper, A.R.V. 196
Co-ordination of Wireless Telegraphy Interception Committee 115, 117
Coral Sea 151
Coral Sea, Battle of the 155, 199, 201, 205–6, 279, 293
Corbet, Major H.A. 94–5
Corregidor 197, 200, 278
Coster, Admiral F.W. 172
Cox, James Melville 131–3, 169
Craigie, Sir Robert 132
Craigieburn 179
Cranborne, Lord 188–9, 197
Crawford, Commander H.A.G. 144
Cream, Sergeant R.J. 307, 318, 319
Creed Relay telegraphic recorders 95–6
Cresswell, Captain Frank G. 95, 100, 101, 102, 106, 119
Creswell, Rear Admiral William R. 36, 37, 81–2, 83
Cross, Sir Ronald 246, 264, 267
cryptanalysis
attack on Soviet codes 252
attempts to break Japanese codes 121, 194
Ball takes over Nave’s work 101
coding of merchant captains’ reports 39
Four Sign code 252
Japan breaks Allied codes 165
Japanese Navy radio transmissions 98
Japan’s JN25 203, 204, 205, 211
Long recommends cryptanalytical organisation 185
Naval Intelligence System changes encoding 38
Nave breaks IJN code 107
Nave insists on seeing raw data 98
as part of a SIGINT system 88
PLAYFAIR 138–9, 143, 155
RAN breaks German codes 37, 50
reliance on traffic analysis 217
Special Intelligence Bureau 216
Sydney group 189–90, 193, 194–5
US captures codebooks of IJA 216
Wabun code 87
women as cryptanalysts 236
see also Government Code and Cypher School (UK)
Curtin government 214, 239, 270
Curtin, John 173, 174, 239, 246, 264, 267
Curzon, Lord 86
customs officers 39
CX designator 224
da Silva, Mateos 331
da Silva, Paulo 327, 334
da Silva, Sancho 327
Dace, USS (ship) 318–19
Dahlberg, Sergeant J.H. 324
Dalton, Hugh 179
Darwin 115, 117, 118–19, 166, 179, 180, 203, 228
Davis, Gordon 110
Dawson, Andrew 18
Dawson, Sergeant R.G. 336
Day, Sergeant V.M. 289
Daymond, J.E. 147
de Haas, Walter 43
Deakin, Alfred 1, 10, 11, 17, 20, 24, 54
Dean, Patrick 132
Defence Communications Committee 267, 268
Defence Signals Bureau 276, 340
Defence Signals Directorate xvi
Delhi 275
Dempsey, Sergeant H.A. 304
Deniki 162
Denniston, Commander Alastair 85, 242
Derby, Lord xx–xxi
Despointes, Admiral Auguste Febvrier xix
Dewing, General Richard 239–40, 251–2
Dickson, Sir James 1
Dictaphones 95–6, 99, 101, 102, 104, 105
Diehn, August 53, 56–7
Dili 326, 327, 331
direction finding
ACNB obtains MFDF kits from Admiralty 98–9
Admiralty asks ACNB to contribute to network 192
CAST brings in equipment 200
Central Bureau addresses limitations 227
destruction of sites by Japanese 227
HFDF operations after fall of Shanghai 111
HFDF stations established 118
high-frequency networks proposed 90–1
by the Japanese 152
tactical importance of 88
technological improvements 114–15
using triangulation 282, 283
Djeh Island 324
Djumi (Kempeitai officer) 163
Dobo 323–4
Dolby, R.M. 307
Dönitz, Grand Admiral Karl 234
Donovan, General William J. 171
Doolittle, Lieutenant Colonel James (Jimmy) 203
Doolittle Raid 202–3
Doorman, Rear Admiral Karel 199, 201
dos Anjos, Celestino 336
Douglas, Lieutenant K.C. 148, 281
Douglas, T.J. 150
Dreyer, Admiral Frederic 120
Duke of York Island 144, 146, 147
Dunn, Flight Officer C.S. 289
Duntroon Military College 66, 67
Durnford, Commodore J.W. 192
Dutch East Indies see Netherlands East Indies
Dutch Timor 327
Dutch West Papua 318, 320
Dyaul Island 139, 146
Ebery, Tom 285
Edmunds-Wilson, Major J. 146
Edwards, Lieutenant Colonel 193
Eedie, R. (coastwatcher) 294
Egan, Lieutenant D.C. 223
Eglington, Lieutenant K. 312
El Alamein, Battle of 312
Ellis, Lieutenant Colonel C.H. (Dick) 257, 259
Ellwood, Sergeant A.J. 330–3, 336
Emden, SMS (ship) 56
Emery, R. 148, 281
Emirau Island 144
Engler, Private (US Army) 303
English, Captain Malcolm 315
ENIGMA 89, 176, 183, 224, 232–3, 234
Enterprise, USS (ship) 202, 212, 213
Evans, Rear Admiral Alfred 109
Evatt, Herbert 238, 244, 260, 261
Fabian, Lieutenant Rudoph 199, 200, 214, 226, 234–7, 247, 251
Fadden, Arthur 249
Fairfax-Ross, Captain B. 312
Far East, trade representatives in 11–14
Far Eastern Combined Bureau 117–18, 121, 197, 203, 205–6, 218
Far Eastern Liaison Office 179
Fearnley, Lieutenant John Gillet 26–30, 31, 65, 66, 113
Febvrier-Despointes, Admiral Auguste xix
Feetum, Lieutenant R.W. 324
Feldt, Lieutenant Commander Eric
cooperates with Marchant 290
defends coastwatch network from takeover 280
on evacuation of coastwatchers 286
on the fall of Rabaul 145
forces ACNB to give civilians rank 151–2
on inexperienced combat commanders 313
lacks personnel to make up new parties 296
leads coastwatch network 136, 152, 156, 278–9, 281, 299
leads Combined Field Intelligence Service 179
Long vows to support 297
loses stations as Japanese arrive 147
on McCarthy’s party 148
naval career 136–7
opinion of Vandegrift’s intentions 298
orders Kyle to retreat to mountains 154–5
orders Macfarlane to Guadalcanal 290–1
organises submarine to extract Page 154
prepares coastwatchers for war 84, 136–45
recalled by ACNB 320
recommends recall of Pryce-Jones 306
on the reversal of FERDINAND policy 316
speaks to Morris about evacuation 149
stops coastwatchers becoming guerrilla force 297
tries to make Boye-Jones a member of WRANS 291
on use of locals to track coastwatchers 162
Feni 165
Fenwick, Corporal J. 289
FERDINAND 154, 175, 286–94, 297–310, 312–20, 324, 329, 339
Fernandez, A. 335
Figgis, Captain P.E. 146, 300, 314, 315
Fiji 279
Finschhafen 148, 317
Firth, Robert 302
Fisher, Andrew 10, 24
Fisher, First Sea Lord, Admiral of the Fleet Jackie 36
Fittness, Private D. 329
Fleet Radio Unit, Melbourne (FRUMEL)
creation of 198–9, 218
insular nature of 220–1, 232, 234–5
Little objects to approach of 237
place in the intelligence structure 221
push to remove civilians from 244–5
RAN support for 339
relationship with Central Bureau 214, 225, 226, 251
relevance diminishes 213, 230
SIGINT operations (1941–1942) 198–213, 230, 293
women in the workforce 269
Fleet Radio Unit, Pacific (FRUPAC) 201–3, 205–7, 211, 220, 221
Fleiter, Captain Emil Herman 193
Fletcher, Admiral Frank 204
FLORADORA 242
Foley, Signaller Matt 315
Foley, Lieutenant Commander Robert J. 286
Forster, Lord 73
Fort Street High School 66, 69, 127
France xix, xx, xxi, 3, 6
Francis, Signalman C.C. 150
Franklin, SY (yacht) 102–6, 109
Fraser, Malcolm 244
Freakes, Captain H.J. 108
Freame, Edith May (née Soppitt) 125
Freame, Grace 124
Freame, Harriett E. 123, 124, 129, 133–4, 135
Freame, William Henry 124
Freame, William Henry George 124
Freame, Sergeant Wykeham Henry (Harry) 64, 123–30, 133–5, 169, 190, 339
Fremantle 34, 46, 48
Freund, Reverend A.P.H. 145, 148
Freyer, Lieutenant H.A.J. 310
FRUMEL see Fleet Radio Unit, Melbourne (FRUMEL)
FRUPAC see Fleet Radio Unit, Pacific (FRUPAC)
Garden Island, Sydney 109, 111
Gardener, Gunner Frank 133
Gasmata 147, 313
Gato, USS (ship) 286
Gavutu 143, 210
Genyo Maru (ship) 209
George F. Elliott, USS (ship) 294
Germany
Allies garner intelligence from Japanese diplomats 232–4, 251
attacks facilities on Nauru 120
ENIGMA program 89, 176, 183, 224, 232–3, 234
espionage operations in US 52–3, 57, 89
German New Guinea xxi, 7, 45, 58
in the Great War 42
intelligence operations in NEI 53
interests in the Pacific xx–xxi
naval codes seized by RAN 25, 37, 44–50, 51
obtains British decrypts 183
radio transmissions from 186
Samoan Conference (Berlin, 1889) xxii
spies in Australia 43–4
supports nationalists in India 52, 56–7
warship lands survivors on island 144
Ghormley, Vice Admiral Robert L. 210, 212
Gill, Sub-Lieutenant J.C.H. 144, 145, 150
Gilmore, Sergeant J. 315
Glassford, Vice Admiral William 198
Goble, Air Vice Marshall S.J. 184, 188
Godamin, Corporal (‘Son’) 315
Gold Ridge 292, 293, 298–9
Good, Percy 151, 152
Goto Arimoto, Admiral 210–11, 212
Government Code and Cypher School (UK)
acknowledges work of Special Intelligence Bureau 241
Australia gives Japanese intercepts to 264
‘C’ as Director of 178, 233, 251, 252–3, 274
centralisation of cryptanalysis 182
control of cryptographical activity by 223–4
establishment of 85–6
intercepts Japanese diplomatic traffic 232–4, 240–2, 248
Japanese Naval Section 94, 98, 99, 118, 206
reads Kuomintang communications 253
recommends no action over breach 259
on staffing of Central Bureau 271–2
threat to intelligence-sharing with Australia 175
unenthusiastic about Australian initiative 234, 238
US attempts to exclude 274
uses trans-Pacific telegraph cable 264
in ‘Y’ communications 265
Governor-General, control of codes by 73
Grant, Rear Admiral Sir Percy 62, 83
Graves, Hubert 196, 236
Great Depression 110
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 242
Greathead, Lieutenant George 309–10
Greave, Lieutenant G. 327, 328
Green, Frank 152
Greenling, USS, (ship) 300
Gregg, Sergeant E. 335
Gregory, Captain Ancell Clement 78–84
Gregory, F.C. ‘Clem’ 80
Gregory, H. 79
Greifswald (ship) 46
Grimson, Captain J.E. 328, 335
Groom, Littleton 71
GRU 250, 257
Guadalcanal
Brookbank pays visit to 296
coastwatchers on 143, 292, 294, 298–9
Feldt orders Macfarlane to go to 291
FERDINAND discovers Japanese interest in 290–6
IJN engages US Navy 295
Japanese occupation of 150, 293
locals spread news of Allied victory 286
Pryce-Jones remains on 305–6
SIGINT obtained by Central Bureau 221
US Marines invade 210–13, 278, 290, 295, 296, 300
Gudgeon, USS (ship) 329
guerrilla warfare 297, 299, 308, 311, 317, 321, 323, 326
GULL Force 321
Guthrie, Eric 152
Haggard, John 9
Haguro, HIJMS (ship) 213
Hall, Lieutenant B.G. 148, 314, 320
Hall, Squadron Leader John 218, 222, 223, 226
Hall, Admiral William Reginald (Blinker) 89, 183
Halsey, Admiral William Frederick Jnr 202, 291, 297, 305
Halverston, Sergeant F. (US Army) 303
Harada, Petty Officer 284–5
Harbin 238, 250, 253, 256, 258, 259
Harding, Warrant Telegraphist B. 103, 105
Harding, Sub-Lieutenant K. 298
Hari, Mata 8
Harman, HMAS (ship) 122, 193, 201, 267
Harris, Captain G.C. (Blue) 148, 281, 312, 318–19
Hashida, Major Sei 31, 128
Hasluck, Paul 249
Hawaii 201
Hawkins, HMS (ship) 93
Haworth-Booth, Captain Francis Fitzgerald 36
Hay, Sub-Lieutenant K.D. 290, 292, 293, 298–9
HDML 1321 (launch) 304
Helena, USS (ship) 302
Helfferich brothers 56–7
Hempel, A.E. 93
Henderson Field 150, 293, 298
Hennessy, Father James 151
Henry, Major A.G. 217, 218, 273
Henry, Brother 152
Hentschel, Patricia 43–4
Hentschel, Paul Gustav 43–4
Herman, Albert 110
Hermes, HMS (ship) 202
Hinsley, F.H. (Harry) 121, 182
Hiryu, HIJMS (ship) 203, 208, 209
Hishin Maru (ship) 208
Hiyei, HIJMS (ship) 212, 213
Hoad, Major General John Charles 17–22, 30, 338
Hobart, SS (ship) 46–7
Hockings, Norman 55, 62
Hockings, Reginald (Reg) 53–62, 78
Hodgson, Lieutenant Colonel W.R. 128–30, 239, 243–4, 245, 249, 252
Holbrook, Commodore L.S. 111
Holland, F. 149, 150
Holland, Henry 4
Hollandia 310, 317, 320
Hong Kong 11, 12, 75, 89, 91, 94, 117, 118
Hopetoun, Lord 1, 17
Hornet, USS (ship) 202, 203
Horton, Sub-Lieutenant Dick 294, 298, 301
Hughes, William (Billy)
attitude to women in the war effort 272
battle with Watt 71, 75
cuts Piesse’s access to intelligence 73
dismantles intelligence system 339
forced to resign 73
hostility towards Piesse 71–3
lobbies for Arathoon to stay in Australia 61
makes Hunt Public Service Arbitrator 10
Huguro, HIJMS (ship) 204
human intelligence
Australian intelligence operations in NEI 55–7, 59–60
in the early 20th century 7
on Guadalcanal 210, 294
Japan reorganises 159
lack of coordination of 182, 183–4
lack of suitable personnel 52
in northern Australia 53–5
offensive operations in WWII 308–20
seizure of German codes (1914) 48, 51
using the Franklin for intercepts 103
Wanetta organisation 51–62, 339
see also Allied Intelligence Bureau; coastwatching operations; FERDINAND; Services Reconnaissance Department
Hunt, Atlee
appointed Arbitrator for Public Service 71
arranges meeting between Hockings and Grant 62
asked for access to code book by ACNB 48
as Barton’s private secretary 3, 9, 10
concern about informal network 65
directs Suttor’s intelligence activities 13
orders fitting out of Matunga 58
organises immigration intelligence 11
organises informal intelligence network 24, 24–5, 63–4, 64
organises military observers to Russo-Japanese war 17
organises New Hebrides operation 3, 4–5, 63
perplexed by arrival of Japanese 70
recruits Hockings 53–4, 64
sources of intelligence 64, 64–5
as spy master 9–14, 43, 63, 338–9
Hutton, Major General Sir Edward 15, 17, 18, 19
Ikeda, Doctor 134
Imamura Nobujiro, Admiral 111
Immigration Restriction Act 1901 10, 11, 12, 63, 78
Imperial Conference (1921) 89
Imperial German Navy 44, 45, 47
Imperial Japanese Army
abducts women to use as prostitutes 162, 164
Allied interception of radio transmissions 275
allows Australian military observer in Field Army 17–18, 19
breaches ‘Y’ security 247–8
brutality of 152, 162–3
in China, 14, 111, 187–8
counterintelligence in conquered areas 163–5
Ha-Toku-Cho (Harbin Special Information) 253, 256, 258
lands in Korea 16
logistical support from Japanese companies 164
massacres Australian soldiers 150
plans invasion of Malaya 31
Prussian model for 158
reads Kuomintang communications 253
reins in use of terror 162
restructures intelligence organisation 157–9, 158
routs LARK Force 321
Second Department of the General Staff 157–8, 158
signals intelligence by 158–9, 165–7, 210, 247–8, 253–9, 303
Southern Army 168
SRD operations against 321, 323–6, 328–37, 339
in Timor 322–3, 325–37
tracks down radio operatives 281–9, 309
US captures codebooks of 216
use of security intelligence 163
see also Kempeitai (military police)
Imperial Japanese Navy
attacks Shanghai 110–11
aware of coastwatching operations 155
Battle of the Coral Sea 155, 199, 201, 205–6, 279, 293
Battle of Midway 199, 201, 205, 207–10, 278
Battle of Savo Island 211–12, 294, 295
centralises intelligence operations 159
in China 110–11, 188
conducts SIGINT operations against coastwatchers 282
difficulty in estimating US fleet 204
Franklin identifies submarine net of 104, 105
at Guadalcanal 210–13
impact of Midway battle on 209
increasing capability of 90
Indian Ocean raid 201–3
intercepts US naval communications 166
land-based air cover for 279
maps radio propagation around Australia 113
moves into Indian Ocean 201–2
occupies Buka and Shortland islands 150
RAN intercepts radio transmissions 96–107, 97, 105, 108–14, 112, 121–2
reinforces troops on islands 295–6
Royal Navy intercepts radio transmissions 94, 115–19, 121–2
in the Russo-Japanese War 16
seizes Port Moresby 203–5
signals intelligence 165–6
Third Department of the Naval Staff 159
threatens Boye-Jones 291
Tokkeitai (secret police) 153, 155, 159, 160, 283, 284, 316
Imperial Naval Wireless station, Darwin 267
Ind, Colonel Allison W. 172–3, 175, 318
India
British round up suspected spies 133
Germany supports nationalists in 52, 56–7
intelligence-sharing with 65, 73, 89, 216, 240, 246
Indian Army 216
Indian Ocean 201, 203, 264
Indonesia see Netherlands East Indies
Inglis, Air Vice Marshal F.F. 274
Inrim Plantation 318
Inter-Allied Services Department 169, 172
International ABC Code 48
International Business Machines (IBM) 200
International Morse 91–2, 98
Iro (ship) 206
Isamitsa Kitakoji 70
Ishiwara Shozo 70
Italy 144, 186
Iwate, HIJMS (ship) 100, 111
Jaluit 207, 208, 209
Jamison, A.B. 196
Jandakot 193
Japan
activity in northern Australia 26, 27–8, 30
Allied interception of Japanese diplomatic traffic 194, 232–4, 240–2, 248
as an ally of Britain in WWI 32
ambitions in China 14, 187–8
in Asia and the Pacific (1941–42) 197–214
attacks Darwin 119
attacks Rabaul 118, 145–6
attacks Russian fleet 16
attacks Shanghai 110–11
Australian trade commissioners in 11, 12
British officials spy for 120
British signals intelligence 89
burns intelligence records 158
collection of intelligence by 26–31
counterintelligence in WWII 157–68, 329–37
creates puppet state in China 117
difficulty of obtaining intelligence about 113
fails to realise significance of ULTRA breach 255–6
Harry Freame’s mission to 64, 123–30, 133–5
intercepts Australian SIGINT 254–9
introduces new codes 121
lack of coordinated intelligence 159
Military Service Bureau 131–2
negotiates ceasefire with China 111
obtains intelligence from Australia 252
occupies Buka 151
occupies New Ireland and New Britain 147
penetrates Naval Conference 120
plans to capture Singapore 113–14
political situation (1941) 130–1
Special Duty Group 210
surprised at military success 157, 278
Sydney Consul-General passes intelligence to Tokyo 248
threat posed by 90
US B-25s bomb Tokyo 202
uses companies for espionage 164
victory at Battle of Tsushima 20
War Ministry 160, 161
war with Russia 16–17, 20, 157
see also Imperial Japanese Army; Imperial Japanese Navy; Kempeitai; Tokkeitai
Japanese Consular Police 159
Japanese Foreign Office 231
Japanese Intelligence in World War II (Kotani) 158
Japanese language 65–70, 75, 87, 91–3, 101–2, 109, 127, 129, 190, 196
Japanese Morse 87, 91–2, 95, 105, 109, 193, 198
Java 165, 168, 197, 198, 324–5
Java Sea, Battle of the 199, 206
Jellicoe, Admiral of the Fleet John, 1st Earl Jellicoe 40, 75–7, 86
Jennings, Lieutenant J. 218, 219
Jeune, P.C. 318, 319
Johnson, Sergeant Morton 281
Johnston, Lieutenant C.K. 315
Joint Intelligence Committee 182–3, 192
Joint Planning Committee 184
Joint Planning Staff 182
Jones, Paymaster Commander E.P. 94
Jones, Frederick 12
Jones, Harold Edward 24
Josselyn, Henry 294, 297, 301, 302
K12 (submarine) 324–5
Kaga, HIJMS (ship) 204, 208, 209
Kamer 14 218
KANA 87, 91–2, 200, 201, 263
Kanimbla, HMAS (ship) 140
Kavieng 144, 145, 146, 147, 150, 279, 321
Keating, Paul 338
Keena, K. 303
Keenan, Lieutenant J.H. 286, 287, 289, 297, 305
Kell, Vernon 44
Kempeitai (military police)
accountability 160
arrests Reverend Mackenzie 130–1
attacks Freame 133, 135
breaches SRD communications 253–6
brutality of 316, 330, 331, 332
counterespionage role 159
counterintelligence in Timor 329–37
executes Australian SRD operatives 325
extracts intelligence from captured Australians 324
interrogates captured AIB operatives 168
interrogates Murphy 316
in the Japanese intelligence structure 158
maps entire AIB organisation 168
murders British SIS agent 132, 169
networks of clandestine agents 163–5
operations from 1942 to 1945 321–37
organisational structure 160, 161
reinforces front line troops 149
role and tasks 159–60
SIGINT capability 166
tracks down coastwatchers 153, 155, 156, 160, 162, 167, 281–9
training of recruits 160
turning of intelligence operatives 332
use of double-cross system 325, 332–7
works with Japanese companies 164
Kendall, Captain Roy 172, 173, 175–8, 252, 256
Kennedy, D.G. 292–3, 295, 301
Kentucky, New South Wales 127–8
Kieta 145, 151–3
Kilindini 198, 203
Kilo 89 217
King, Admiral Ernest 221, 296
King-Hall, Admiral Sir George 36
Kingsford-Smith, Paymaster Lieutenant Eric 69, 93
Kingston, Charles 1
Kinkaid, Admiral Thomas 213
Kirishima, HIJMS (ship) 100, 212, 213
Kirkpatrick, General G.M. 22–4
Kirkwall-Smith, A. 148, 312
Kitagawa Sei 124
Kitchie, Tommy 80
Knight, Yeoman J.T. 150
Knowles, Sir George 177
Knox, Alfred (Dilly) 85
Kobe, Japan 11–12, 65
Koch, Flight Lieutenant Harold 312
Koitaki 141
Kokoda 162, 279
Korea 130
Kotani, Ken 158
Kröning, Dr 152
Kruper, Geoffrey 292
Kuching 90, 118
Kula Gulf, Battle of 302
Kunitake Teruhito, Captain 133
Kuomintang 253
Kupang 329
Kuroki Tokitaro, Consul 326
Kyle, Alan F. (Bill) 145, 154–6
Lae 145, 151, 312, 313
Lahad Datu 163, 164
Lamont, Chief Yeoman of Signals S. 139, 140, 150
Lancelot, Sergeant 318, 319
LANCER Force 323, 329
Lane, William 68
Lang, Jack 338
Large Feni Island 156
LARK Force 321
Latangai Island 139
Latham, Sir John 24, 129, 135
Lawrence, Sergeant J.B. 335
Layton, Admiral Sir Geoffrey 197
Le Couteur, Wilson 2–7, 63, 338
LEAR AVIA 228
Leary, Vice Admiral Herbert F. 226, 296
Leggett, Lieutenant Colonel William 321
Levien, R.B. 12
Leydin, Sergeant A. 312
Leyte 166
Lihir 165
Litchfield, Lieutenant 228
Little, Lieutenant Colonel Robert A. 234, 237–40, 244, 248, 252, 259, 263, 270–1, 275
Liversidge, Sergeant E.J. 327, 334
Lloyd, Colonel E.E. Longfield 24, 70, 126–8, 133–5, 190, 250
Lloyd, Lieutenant I.H. Longfield 189, 196
Loban, Thomas 55, 56, 57, 60–1, 62
Long Island 314
Long, Commander Rupert
attends Melbourne SIGINT conference 193
concern over future of SIGINT 275
as Director of Naval Intelligence 136, 138
meets with Wylie to discuss SIGINT 192
not keen on handover to AIB 179
outlines ACNB policy to Pryce-Jones 301–2
problems with Military Intelligence 141–2
pushes for combined intelligence effort 141, 183–7, 188
role in organising coastwatchers 137, 299
sends Brookbank to Guadalcanal 296
supports Feldt 280, 297
treatment by FRUMEL officers 236
Lorengau 139, 145, 146
low-frequency direction-finding networks 227
Loxley, Mr (British representative) 238–9
Lugger Maintenance Section 180
Lunga 287, 293–5, 298–9, 303, 306
Lushington, Lieutenant Commander Stephen 99
Luz, Patricio 330, 331
Lycett, Brigadier A. 275
Lyne, Sir William 1
Lyng, Mr (interpreter) 48, 50
Lyons government 186
Lyons, Mr (detective) 3, 5
Lyons, Professor R.J. 189, 195, 196, 244
MacArthur, General Douglas
access to ULTRA 237
Akin acts on behalf of 272
arrives in Australia 170
arrives at Leyte 166
Central Bureau’s contribution to 230
Colonel Ind responsible to re AIB 172–3
divides up South Pacific 175
FERDINAND works for 303
GHQ, SWPA 170–2, 175, 178–80, 216, 219–20, 221, 230, 244–6, 270, 273, 278, 280, 296, 303
hostility of Washington towards 226
Little suspicious of 238
meets with Australia’s War Council 171
relationship with Wilkinson 173–5
requests maintenance of signal traffic 336
Soviets aware of battle plans of 256–7
waning interest in Australian concerns 274
Washington keeps intelligence from 232, 244, 245
Macfarlane, Lieutenant Commander D.S. 144–5, 290–4, 298, 306
Mackenzie, Lieutenant Commander H.A. 140, 143–5, 150, 285, 294, 296, 298, 305–6, 320
Mackenzie, Reverend J.N. 130–1
Mackie, Lieutenant J.H. 152, 153, 285, 286
Madang 145, 148
MAGIC 224, 232, 237
Malaita Island 290–1
Malay Straits 65
Malaya 197, 201
Maldives 202
Manchukuo 117
Manila 167, 173, 271, 272
Manoora, HMAS (ship) 140, 144
Manus Island 139
Manzi Koide 64, 69, 71
Mape 326–7
mapping, of Australia 21, 22–3
March, Sergeant J.W. 315
Marchant, Lieutenant Colonel W.S. 290–1, 292, 297, 301, 305
Marconi receivers 114–15
Mareeba 227
Mariba, Private 318
Markov, Vice Admiral Stephan 17
Marshall, General George 226, 232
Marshall, Brigadier General Richard K. 171
Marsland, Flight Lieutenant G.H.R. 148, 149
Mas, Sergeant 318, 319
Mason, A.A. 196
Mason, Pilot Officer Cecil 155–6
Mason, Paul Edward 152, 153, 281–2, 285–7, 294
Matsuoka Yosuke 131
Matunga, SS (ship) 58–9, 60
Maverick, SS (ship) 57
Mawhood, Lieutenant Colonel John 177
McBride, P.A. 129–30
McCain, Rear Admiral John S. 212
McCandlish, Sergeant J. 324
McCarthy, Major J.K. (District Officer) 145, 147–50, 281, 311–12, 313
McCay, Colonel James Whiteside 18, 21, 22
McColl, Lieutenant Ken H. 281, 310
McDonald, Major J.H. 154
McEvoy, Sergeant J.G. 315
McEwen, John (Black Jack) 129–30
McIlwraith, Thomas xx
McKenzie, Colonel K.A. 193
McLaughlin, Lieutenant W.E. 109, 111–12, 196
McLean, Lieutenant A. 314–15
McManus, Commodore J.C.B. 287, 304, 306, 320
McNicol, Able Seaman J.B. 318
McNicol, O.D. 307
McNicol, William 287, 289
McNicoll, Sir Walter 139
McPhee, Sergeant G. 287, 289
McSharry case 10
Meaney, Neville 72
Medway, HMS (ship) 117
Melbourne, HMAS (ship) 49
Menzies, Sir Robert 188, 249–50
Menzies, Major General Stewart 172, 251, 274
merchant shipping 37–8, 39, 44, 202
Merry, Paymaster Lieutenant Commander Alan E.N. 176, 196, 244, 251, 252
Metlik 154
Metox radar receiver 234
MI5 see Security Service (UK)
MI6 see Secret Intelligence Service (UK)
Midway, Battle of 199, 201, 205, 207–10, 278
Midway Island 207, 208, 278
Mikawa Gunichi, Vice Admiral 210, 211
Military Mission 104 177
Millar, Captain C.J. 318, 319
Miller, Paymaster Lieutenant Keith Stafford 191–2, 196
Milne Bay 150, 312
Mingo, Batcho 55–6, 59, 60–1, 62
Mitchell, Mr (in Operation WALNUT III) 324
Mitchell, Sub-Lieutenant E.H.F. 147, 152
Mitchell, Sir Philip Euen 297
Mitsui Bussan Kaisha 31
Miyake Setsurei 124
Miyata Mineichi 64, 69, 70, 93
Molloy, Major Percy 34
Monash, Lieutenant Colonel John 21
Money, Captain W.A. 148, 311
Monfries, Corporal 311
Monsted, N.P. 323–4
Montevideo Maru (ship) 146, 147, 151
Moorabbin 200, 269
Morgan, Captain C.H. 69
Mornington Intercept Site 241, 242, 263
Morris, Major General B.M. 149, 280
Morrison, Dr George Ernest 12, 13–14
Morse code 87, 91–2, 98, 276
see also Japanese Morse
Mott, Lieutenant Colonel Grey Egerton 172, 179, 323
Mountbatten, Lord 273
Muliama 154
Munda 306
Munson, Colonel F.P. 305
Murdoch, James 64, 67–70, 71, 87, 93, 127
Murdoch, Takeko 68, 69
Murphy, Captain J.J. 315–16
Murray, Captain R.J. 307
Muslims, as SIS agents 178
Mustard, E.A. 93
Nagara, HIJMS (ship) 100, 209
Nagasaki 124
Nagato, HIJMS (ship) 100, 104, 131
Nago Island 154, 156
Nagumo Chuichi, Admiral 201, 202, 203, 212
Namatanai 145, 146, 147
Napier, Rear Admiral William 102
Nash, Corporal (US Army) 303
Nashville, USS (ship) 202
National Security Agency (US) 89
Nationalist Chinese 238, 253, 254, 258, 259, 260, 284
Nauru ii, 90, 119–20, 145
Nautilus, USS (ship) 285
Naval College 67, 69
Naval Intelligence Centre, Far East 117
Nave, Paymaster Sub-Lieutenant Eric
attends meeting on SIGINT in Far East 117
at Central Bureau 244
directs cryptanalysis 231
intelligence used in Franklin mission 103
kept in Australia by ACNB 191
learns Japanese 67, 69, 70, 92–3
posted to Titania 99
recovers from tropical sprue 190–1
in the Special Intelligence Bureau 196
Special Intelligence Bureau intercepts traffic for 218
on the Sydney Group 194
takes up duties at China Station 94, 99
work dismissed by Americans 234
work praised by Admiralty 101
works on breaking Japanese code 98, 107, 121
writes Bureau’s technical histories 276
Neave, Captain R.C. 328
Netherlands East Indies
Australian intelligence operations in 55–7, 59–60
contributes to intelligence cost 175
coordination with SRD 318
destruction of defences 198
Dutch party heads for Hollandia 310
Germans supply arms to rebels in 52, 53
Japanese work with locals in 165
manipulates HUMINT organisation 171
refugees from 197
Neumann, V. 148
New Britain
attitude of locals towards Allies 316
coastwatchers on 281, 300
FERDINAND network 291
Franklin mission to 103–4
intelligence on IJA divisions on 257
intertribal wars 307
Japanese occupation of 278, 279
Mackenzie leads party out of 146
McCarthy treks across 147–50
Mitchell captured in 147
US Army plans landing on 312
New Caledonia xix, xxi, 15, 279
New Georgia Island 292, 295, 301, 306
New Guinea
ACNB withdraws personnel from AIB 179
AIB sorties into 308–12
Allied advance on 312
attacks by locals on Allies 309, 310
Australia given responsibility for 175
Australia takes possession of xx
establishment of HFDF network in 90
Feldt works as Chief Mining Warden 137
Feldt’s intelligence operations 137–40
Germany annexes part of xxi
IJA establishes garrisons 309
intertribal wars 307
Japan invades 147, 203–5, 278
Japanese use of locals 162, 163, 309, 310
radio network in the Mandated Territory 138
RAN captures Rabaul 45
reconnaissance of airfields in 93–4
removed from Queensland’s jurisdiction 7
New Hebrides
Australian clandestine operations in xiv, xxii, 1–8, 338
France occupies xxi
jurisdiction over 4
land disputes in 6–7
punishment of crime in 6
radio network in 138, 140
New Ireland
coastwatchers on 144, 146, 154–5, 281, 307
Feldt makes tour of 139
FERDINAND network 291, 307
Franklin mission to 104
intertribal wars 307
Japanese occupation of 146, 147, 150, 278, 279
Tokkeitai on 160
New South Wales Government 11, 12, 13
New South Wales Soldier Settlement Loan Scheme 127
Newman, Commander Jack 192, 213–14, 216, 222, 225, 234, 236
Nichols, Commander R.F. 192
Nicholson, Lieutenant General W. 17, 18
Nimitz, Admiral Chester 155, 280, 296
Ninigo 281
Nissan see Nissau
Nissau 144, 146, 307
Nitta Maru (fishing boat) 202
NKGB 250, 257, 258
Noakes, I.C. 312
Noguchi, Mr (staff officer) 258
North Carolina, USS (ship) 212, 213
Northcott, Major General John 188, 244, 248, 269
Northern Territory 140
Noumea 92
Numa Numa 152
Nygh, Lieutenant H.F. 325
O’Brien, Brigadier B.P.T. 240
Obst, A. 148
O’Connor, Major J.C.W. 193
Office of Strategic Services (US) 171
Official History of Australia in the War of 1939–1945 (Hasluck) 249
The Official History of Special Operations Australia 326, 328, 337
Ogilvie, Lieutenant L. 298
Okada Rokuo 64, 68, 69, 70
Olander, Sub-Lieutenant R. 148, 281
Oonah (ship) 47
OP-20-G 198, 199, 203, 206, 221, 234
Operation ADDER 335–6
Operation COBRA 254, 333–5, 336, 337
Operation FLOUNDER 325
Operation LAGARTO 330–1, 333–6
Operation LION 323, 325
Operation LIZARD 1 326–7
Operation LIZARD II 168, 326–9
Operation LIZARD III 326, 328
Operation MACKEREL 324–5, 326
Operation MO 203
Operation PORTOLIZARD 329, 330
Operation SUNABLE 335, 336
Operation SUNBAKER 335
Operation SUNCOB 335, 336
Operation SUNLAG 336, 337
Operation TIGER I-VI 325, 326
Operation WALNUT I 323–4, 325
Operation WALNUT II 324, 325
Operation WALNUT III 324, 325
Operation WATCHTOWER 210
Orokaiva tribe 162
Oshima Hiroshi, General 232
Oswald, Allan 110
Otton, Private Edward Douglas 151, 152
Pabula (radio operator) 302
Pacific Branch 64, 71–4, 75, 190, 339
Pacific Naval Intelligence Centre, Singapore 90
Page, Sub-Lieutenant Con L. 145, 152, 153–4
Page, Earle 74
Pak Island 139, 146
Palau see Pelew Islands
Palmerston, Lord xvi
Pang Pang Baai 326
Papua 54, 104, 140, 175
see also Dutch West Papua
Paraguay 68
Park Orchards 193, 218
Parnell, General J.W. 67
Parramatta, HMAS (ship) 33, 45, 78
Parrott, Warrant Officer George 43–4
Patch, Major General Alexander 151
Paterson, Pay Lieutenant J.H. 145, 312
Pattiwal, H. 310
Paulo, Don 328, 329
Paulsen, Jürgen 47
Pavuvu 295
Pearce, George
as an ally to Piesse and Murdoch 71
assures Bridges his position is secure 21–2
concern about informal network 65
concern about Japan 20
Fearnley raises idea of spying on Japan with 66
forwards Fearnley’s letter to Hoad 29
Hoad advises 18
in Hunt’s intelligence network 24
institutes language training for officers 66–7
organises Governor-General as intelligence conduit 73
receives letter from Fearnley 26
pearling industry 53–4, 78
Peaslee, Amos 89, 183
Pelew Islands 113
Penamboela Island 324
Penang 201
Petrov Affair 261–2
Pfizer, George A. 46
Philippines 169, 180, 197, 199, 256, 270–1, 275
Phillpotts, Captain Edward 36
Phipps, G.H. 131
Piesse, Edmund
concern about informal network 65
concern about Japan’s intentions 65
as Director of Military Intelligence 13, 24, 24–5, 64
establishes language-training courses for officers 66, 70, 71
establishes Pacific Branch 64, 71–4, 190, 339
has access to intelligence cut by Hughes 73
Hughes’ hostility towards 71–3
Lloyd works for 127
places agents in Japan 71
resigns and returns to law 74
secret correspondence with Murdoch 69
stays in Australia to direct intelligence 65
Pires, Lieutenant Manuel de Jesus 327, 328, 330, 331–2
PLAYFAIR (code) 138–9, 143, 155
Plumridge, Sergeant J.R. 324
Pondo Plantation 148, 149, 150
Port Arthur, Russia 16–17, 116
Port Moresby 138, 140–1, 143, 144, 147, 149, 154, 203–5, 279
Port T 202
Port Vila 5, 138, 143, 144, 145, 291
Porter, Petty Officer Telegraphist L.G. 105, 106
Portuguese Timor
Allied guerrilla campaigns 321–3, 326–8
Hockings’ team collects intelligence 55
intelligence collection by AIB 311
Japanese interrogate AIB personnel 303
Japanese occupation of 165, 168, 321–37
Kempeitai in 168, 329–36
MacArthur gives AIB responsibility for 175
SPARROW Force 321, 326
SRD operations in 180, 254, 323–7
Powell, Alan 176, 179
Powell, Major Reginald 189–90
Poynton, A. 79
prisoners of war 146, 147
propaganda 172, 173
Proud, Commander J.C.R. 172, 179
Provisional Notes… 242, 243
Pryce-Jones, Lieutenant Commander I. 287, 301–2, 303, 305
Purcell, Major V.V.W. 179
PURPLE 224
Pursehouse, Captain Lloyd 310, 312, 317
Queen Carola Harbour 151
Queensland Government xx–xxi, 7, 11, 12
Queensland Maritime Defence Force 27
Quéré, Commander J.J. 175
Quincy, USS (ship) 211, 295
Rabaul
ACNB negotiates re-equipping of station 115
AWA monopoly in 115
coastwatching operations 143, 144
Cresswell argues for SIGINT mission to 101
direction-finding station 90, 118, 138
Franklin arrives in 104
Germans sink Matunga off 58–9
IJN fleet nears 211
Japanese troops in 145–6, 147, 279, 307
LARK force destroyed at 321
McCarthy’s party locates survivors of 150
RAAF aerodrome 143
RAN captures (1914) 25, 45
Raden, Sergeant Wirjomijardje Iswahjeodi 324–5
Radio Security Service 166, 178
radio technology 95–7, 97
Rafig, Ishag Selam 326
Rafig, Nora 326
Raharing, M. 310
Ralston, William 110
Rayman, Mr (coastwatcher) 294
Read, Lieutenant W.J. (Jack) 151, 152, 153, 281–2, 285–7, 289, 294
Rebelo, Z. 335
Redman, Captain John Roland 221, 226
Redman, Admiral Joseph Reasor 199, 221
Reid, W.J. 312
Rendova Island 302
reprisal-bombing 297–8
Rhodes, Sub-Lieutenant F.A. 210, 290, 292, 294, 298, 302
Richardson Captain J.T. 46–7
Ringer, Vanya 132
Roberts, Major A.A. 315
Roberts, Colonel C.G. 172, 173, 179, 215–16, 218, 280–1, 286, 296, 323
Robinson, Captain E.D. (Wobby) 286, 287, 289, 303
Robinson, Flight Lieutenant R.A. (Robbie) 303
Rockhampton 227
Rogers, Brigadier John 239, 246, 251, 252, 259, 273
Rohife, Dr Gerhard xxi
Romolo, SS (ship) 143–4
Rooke Island 144, 145, 148, 150, 314
Room 40 see Royal Navy
Room, Professor T.G. 189, 190, 193, 195, 196, 229–30, 244, 275
Roosevelt, Franklin 174, 203, 226, 232, 260
Ross, Lieutenant L.W. 328
Ross, Private W.A. 151, 152
Ross-Fairfax, Captain B. 310
Rouna 141
Rowell, Major General Sydney 215, 216, 219
Royal Air Force, Special Liaison Units 224
Royal Australian Air Force
9th Operational Group 311–12
11 Squadron 137
abandons LAGARTO 336
Catalina crashes in Bougainville 286
intelligence capability (1939) 182
intercept section, Darwin 216, 218
lack of operational SIGINT capability 193
prepares aerodromes in New Guinea 143
provides 25 per cent of Central Bureau staff 271
reconnaissance of airfields in New Guinea 93–4
SIGINT unit in Townsville 223
in the structure of Central Bureau 229
transmits ‘Y’ intercepts to UK 267–8
Wireless Intercept Sections 219
Women’s Australian Auxiliary Air Force 228
Royal Australian Navy
budget cuts 75, 186
builds signals intelligence capabilities 187
coastwatching operations (1939–42) 136–56
creation of 33
in the Great War 42
intelligence collection 25, 78
Intelligence Department established 34
interception of IJN radio transmissions 96–107, 97, 105, 108–14, 112, 121–2
Jellicoe recommends intelligence branch 76
Naval Intelligence Section 83, 87, 181
Naval Intelligence System 37–9, 40, 44
Navy Office 35, 37, 38, 41, 51, 61, 79, 87, 91, 101, 119, 236
pushes for combined intelligence effort 183–5
RAN and Army signals procedures contrasted 145
seizes and searches German merchant ships 46–8
seizes German naval codes 25, 37, 44–50, 51
sends personnel to China Station 75
Summer Cruise 110
Thring assumes command of Naval Intelligence 36–7
Volunteer Reserve 41, 78–9
Winter Cruises 93, 108, 110
Wireless Telegraphy Service 40, 101
see also Australian Commonwealth Naval Board; coastwatching operations; signals intelligence; Special Intelligence Bureau
Royal Navy
activates Examination Service 46
Admiralty refuses ACNB access to technology 115
Admiralty’s Reporting Officer network 9, 339
Admiralty’s Warning Signal (1939) 138
assesses Japanese threat 116
Australian Fleet 89
Australian Naval Station 33
Australian Squadron 20–1
China Station 61, 75, 89, 94, 98–101, 109, 118, 120
decrease in capability of 90
East Indies Squadron (UK) 89
hands over Sydney Intelligence Centre 34
increases SIGINT in Asia 115–16
intelligence liaison of Admiralty with ACNB 77–8
interception of IJN radio transmissions 115–19, 121–2
liaison with Australian intelligence service 34, 37
moves SIGINT to Colombo 197
Naval Intelligence Division 99
Pacific fleet returns to home waters 32
refuses battle in the Indian Ocean 203
Room 40 40, 50, 76, 85, 89, 183
world intelligence network 35
Rushbrooke, Commodore E.G.N. 274
Russo-Japanese War 16–17, 20, 157
Ryan, Major Jack W. 217, 218, 222, 229
S38, USS (submarine) 155–6
Sadler, Professor Arthur Lindsay 70, 194
Saigon 168
Saipan 208
Salamaua 145, 149, 151, 162, 312
Sali, Corporal 152
Salisbury, Lord xxii, 4
Samarai Island 138
Samoa xx
Samoan Conference (Berlin, 1889) xxii, 7
Sandakan 118
Sandford, Lieutenant Colonel Alastair W. (Mic)
appreciation of cooperation 217
asked to provide Japanese intercepts 263
assumes women employees included in move 270–1
attends Anglo-American Conference 241
as Australian Deputy of Central Bureau 219
awarded US Medal of Freedom 277
aware of security difficulties with ULTRA 224
concern about future of SIGINT 275
concern about security breach 255, 257
continues to lead Central Bureau after war 276
as Deputy Director of Central Bureau 241
Dewing vouches for 251
fosters cooperative organisation 222
life after WWII 276–7
offers IJA codebooks to Indian Army 216
opinion of the RAN SIGINT operation 213
prevents dissolution of SIGINT capability 268
Radio Security Service placed under control of 176
receives all captured documents 223
receives summaries of ULTRA 245
receives tasks from GC&CS 242
recommends end of operations for Central Bureau 275
recommends withholding text from Simpson 259
reports on readiness of army intercept party 225
reports on US SIGINT 275
suspected of counterintelligence operation 256
tells Little about breach of ‘Y’ security 247
told not to employ civilians 245
on ULTRA distribution list 260
wants remnants of FRUMEL cut out of SIGINT 214
writes to Travis about FRUMEL 220
‘Y’ Committee asks Sandford to approach Sherr 226
Santa Ysabel Island 242, 293, 295
Santos, Antonio de Sousa 327
Saratoga, USS (ship) 205, 212, 213
Sarawak 175
Savo Island 211–12, 292, 293, 295
Savo Island, Battle of 211–12, 294, 295
Scharnhorst, SMS (ship) 45, 50
Schneau, Seaman 1st Class W.F. 324
Schouten Islands 140
Schroeder, Captain (RAMC) 310
Schroeder, Petty Officer Leif 290, 292, 293, 294, 295, 298
Scott, Lieutenant Colonel W.R. 128–30, 321
Scrow, Lieutenant Colonel Floyd A. 305
Sears, Major Gustavus (George) 175, 176
Seaton, Sergeant C.W. 297, 302
Secret Intelligence Australia 172, 175, 176–8, 180, 318
Secret Intelligence Service (UK)
A Section and B Section 172, 173
agent in the Philippines 173–4
agents arrested by Japanese 131, 132, 133
concern about lack of security in Australia 251
controls activities of SIA 180
at Craigroyston 176, 178
Eve Walker works for 176–7
fights for control of HUMINT in Australia 171
GC&CS under sway of 86
hostility towards Australian Security Service 177–8
influence over British SIGINT 182
Kempeitai murders officer of 169
Longfield acts as intermediary 250
M Special Unit 178
in the Pacific Naval Intelligence Centre 90
recruits Muslim agents 178
role in securing Australian SIGINT 252
sends agent to spy on MacArthur 174–5
supplies intelligence to Franklin mission 103
security intelligence 23–4
Security Service (Australia) 250
see also Commonwealth Security Service
Security Service (UK) 90
Segi Plantation 292, 295, 301
Seletar 90
Sepik River 310–11
Services Reconnaissance Department
A Section 172–3, 178
breaches ‘Y’ security 253–6
brief to conduct operations behind enemy lines 170
funding of 171
genesis of 170, 323
jockeys for control of intelligence 308
Mott as leader of 172, 179
operations against the Japanese 160, 180, 321, 323–6, 328–37, 339
as part of the AIB 172
perceived role of 178–9, 317
personnel tracked by Japanese 162, 309, 310
pressured for intelligence 309
radio stations collocated with NEI Army stations 318
use of low-level codes and cyphers 167
Sexton, T.W. 291
Shanghai 110–11, 113, 116, 118, 167
Sharp, General W.F. 199
Shedden, Fredrick 267, 272
Sheldon, Captain C.R. 323–4
Sherr, Colonel J.R. 219, 226, 227, 246
Shinozaki Mamoru 133
Shoho, HIJMS (ship) 204, 206
Shokaku, HIJMS (ship) 205, 206, 207, 212, 213
Shore Wireless Service 122
Shortis, G. 318, 319
Shortland Islands 150, 293
Sicacui 139
Siffleet, Sergeant Leonard (Len) G. 310
signals intelligence
1914–1929 85–107
1930s 108–22
1945–1947 263–77
Anglo-American rivalry in the Pacific 274
in the Australian Army 215–16
Battle for Guadalcanal 213
Battle of Savo Island 211–12
birth of 38–9
budget cuts 110
CAST sets up in Australia 198–200, 218, 234–5
Central Bureau 215–30, 222
centralisation of 182
China Station 98–9
combined US–Australian SIGINT 216
convoluted intelligence-passing 221
cooperative worldwide SIGINT 226–7
from fixed stations 109
Fleet Radio Unit, Pacific (FRUPAC) 201–3, 205–7, 211, 220, 221
during the Great War 44
by the Imperial Japanese Army 158–9, 165–7, 210, 247–8, 253–9, 303
increase in collection of 86
interception of Japanese diplomatic traffic 194, 232–4, 240–2, 248
Jellicoe’s recommendations for 76, 86
lack of action after war starts 189
lack of suitable staff for 106, 122
management of SIGINT communication 264, 265
Melbourne conference (1941) 193–4
operations at sea 92
RAN and Army procedures contrasted 145
RAN builds signals intelligence capabilities 187
RAN interception of IJN radio transmissions 96–107, 97, 105, 108–14, 112, 121–2
RAN meets with Wylie to discuss 192–3
RAN receives Royal Navy advice on 192–3
RAN seizes German naval codes 25, 37, 44–50, 51, 339
RAN Wireless Telegraphy Service 40
RN interception of IJN radio transmissions 115–19, 121–2
in the South West Pacific 221
Special Intelligence Bureau 190, 191, 193, 196
surveillance of IJN 94
technical issues 86–7
telegraphists practice Japanese Morse 91–2
training for operators 109
transmissions from Germany and Italy 186
triangulation 282, 283
US and Britain hostile to Australian SIGINT 231–2
US attitude towards Australia 219–20
using the Franklin for intercepts 102–6
voluntary radio intelligence bureau mooted 94–5
in World War II 184–6
see also Fleet Radio Unit, Melbourne (FRUMEL); Government Code and Cypher School (UK); technology
Silva, Augusto Leal de Matos e 329
Silvester, A.W.E. 302
Simogun, Sergeant P. 300, 315
Simpson, Brigadier C.H. 218
Simpson, Brigadier William Ballantyne 177–8, 250, 259–61, 272–3
Sinclair, Frank 195–6, 249
Sinclair, Admiral Sir Hugh 117
Sinclair, Major General J.A. 274
Sinclair, James McInnes 11, 12, 14
Singapore
Australian trade commissioners in 11, 12
British round up suspected spies 133
HFDF station established 118
Japanese collate intelligence in 168
Japanese plans to capture 113–14
Pacific Naval Intelligence Centre proposed for 90
Singapore Naval Conference (1934) 115, 116–17, 120
Singapore: The Japanese Version (Tsuji) 31
Sinkov, Abraham 222, 227, 274–5
Sio Mission 317
SIS see Secret Intelligence Service (UK)
Skinner, Captain Ian 315
Slater, William 243
Slonim, Lieutenant Gilvin 213
Smith, Signaller A.K. 328
Smith and Fearnley 27
Smith, Captain Fred xv
Smith, James Thorneloe 27
Smith, Margaret Mary 27
Smith, William Charles 27
Snowden, Edward 89
Soares, Cosmo 327
Solomon Islands
during 1943 300–7
Australia’s control of under MacArthur’s plan 175
British SIGINT network 138
coastwatchers in 139, 280–1, 290, 299
FERDINAND inserts two parties into 297
FERDINAND network 291, 297, 299
hostile villages bombed 297
Japanese occupation of 147, 150, 279, 280
jungle affords locals protection 162
Romolo caught in vicinity of 144
Solomon Sea 151
Somerville, Admiral James 201, 202
Soryu, HIJMS (ship) 203, 208, 209
Soviet Union
Ambassador named as source of leak 248
British signals intelligence 89
German invasion of 232
intelligence agents in Australia 250, 252, 256–7, 258, 261–2
legation in Harbin 238, 250, 257, 258, 259
SPARROW Force 321, 322, 326, 327, 329
Special Duty Agencies (Japan) 159
Special Intelligence Bureau
cipher-breaking group unhappy with FRUMEL 235
establishment of 190, 231
GC&CS acknowledges work of 241
intelligence offered to London 240
intercepts Japanese diplomatic traffic 229
Jennings leads intercept component 218
merger with Sydney cryptographic group mooted 193
Nave posted to 191
as part of Australian SIGINT system 216, 339
placed under dual control 239
return to civilian employment 275
skill in cryptanalysis 216
Special Liaison Officers (SLOs) 232, 243, 260
Special Operations Australia 170, 172
Special Operations Executive (UK) 171, 172
Spencer, Flight Lieutenant E. 302
Spender, Percy 195
Squires, Lieutenant General Ernest Ker 186–8, 231, 238
Squires, R.T. 147
Stalin, Josef 232
Stanley, Lieutenant G.A.V. 311
Staverman, Sergeant H.N. 310
Stephenson, William 174
Stevenson, Captain A.D. 336
Stevenson, G. 286, 287
Stewart, Frederick 135
Stewart, George Charles 10
Stimson, Henry 195
Stirling, Alfred 238
Stokie, Lieutenant John 315
Stonecutters Island 118
Stormon, Dr M.O. 134–5
The Story of Anzac (Bean) 127
Strategic Services Unit 165, 167
Stratton, Lieutenant Colonel W.H. 240
Street, Lieutenant G.A. 126
Stuart, Sub-Lieutenant R. 286, 303
Sturdee, General Vernon 195
Sturgeon, USS (submarine) 146
Suai 327
Sulawesi see Celebes
Sunda Strait, Battle of 199
Sutherland, Major General Richard K. 171, 173, 237, 244, 245, 246
Suttor, John Bligh 11–13, 14, 24, 65
Suva 138
Swanson, Private B. 151, 152
Sweden 16
Sydney, HMAS (ship) 45, 48, 92
Tabar Island 145, 147, 153, 165
Tait, Captain W.E.C. 117
Talasea 145, 148, 149, 150
Talmage, John 153
Tanga 165
Tanikawa Kazuo, Colonel 133
Tashiro Tsunesuke 284
Task Force 16 202–3
Task Force 17 204
Tassafaronga 295
Tassafaronga, Battle of 213
Tatau Island 153
technology
Dictaphones 95–6, 99, 101, 102, 104, 105
equipment budget for Central Bureau 223
equipment salvaged from Corregidor 200
long-range interception 96–7, 97
Marconi direction-finding kits 99, 114–15
radio compass combination sets 228
radio technology (1924) 95–6
radio technology (1928) 107
Thomas, Colonel 305
Thomas and Madden 27
Thomas, W.T. 328
Thompson, Flight Lieutenant 140
Thompson, A. Drummond 152
Thorpe, Colonel Elliott R. 280
Thring, Captain Walter H.S.C. 35–6, 66, 69
Thursday Island 53, 54, 55, 61, 140, 144, 324
Tickell, Captain Frederick 78
Tiltman, John 121
Timor see Dutch Timor; Portuguese Timor
Titania, HMS (ship) 99
Togo, Admiral Heihachiro 20
Tojo Hideki, Lieutenant General 130, 202
Tokidoro, Nelson 148
Tokkeitai (secret police) 153, 155, 159, 160, 283, 284, 316
Toku-Jo-Han 159, 165
Tokubetsu Keisatsutai see Tokkeitai
Tokyo 166, 202–3, 241, 242
Toma 143, 146, 147
Tone, HIJMS (ship) 100, 104, 212
Topman, Corporal D.J. 310
Torokina 303
Torres Strait 140
Townsend, Major G.W.L. 148
Townsville 143, 149, 203, 223, 285, 302
trade commissioners 11–12
traffic analysis 88, 94, 106, 107, 208, 239
Train, Lieutenant G.H.C. 294, 298
Trappes-Lomax, Colonel Ambrose E.B. 179, 323
Travis, Edward 220
Travis, Commander E.W.H. 274
Treaty of Berlin (1889) xxii
Trendall, Professor A.D. 189, 195, 216, 239, 240, 241, 244–5, 263
Treweek, Lieutenant Colonel A.P. 189, 195, 196, 214, 220
Trincomalee 89
Trobriand Island 140
Truk 203, 204, 279
Tsuchihashi Yuitsu, Lieutenant General 322
Tsuji Masanobu 31
Tsushima, Battle of 20
Tulagi Island 138, 140, 143–5, 154–5, 210, 290, 293–4
Tunnibulli 292
Tupling, W.L. 281
Turner, Sir George 1
Turner, Admiral Richmond Kelly 210–12
Turner, W. 103
Type B Special Wireless Section 218, 219, 223
U-boats 234
UK–US Agreement 226–7
ULTRA
Australian access to 186, 238–9, 242, 249–52
Australian Security Service cut off from 261
disagreement over intelligence exchanges 245
indoctrination into 232
lax security in handling of 237, 238–9, 249–51
MacArthur and command under control of 176
security breaches 243–4, 256, 257, 258, 262
sensitivity of material 224, 232
Simpson demands right to disseminate 260
size and cost of project 224
within the ‘Y’ network 240
United Kingdom
Air Ministry 266, 268, 275
alliance with Japan in WWI 32
apprehends spies 120
British Army in Shanghai 118
Colonial Office 297
Counter Espionage Bureau 44
Defence Committee 188–9, 190, 195–6
Dominions Office 243
establishes Government Code and Cypher School 85–6
Foreign Office 86, 182
imperial interests xxi
intercepts cash transfers 60
jams China’s diplomatic radio links 253
Japan breaks codes of 165
makes push back into Pacific 273
refuses to accede to Australian demands xxii
Samoan Conference (Berlin, 1889) xxii
SIGINT centres (1945) 275
signals intelligence (1914–29) 89
Signals Intelligence Board 270, 273, 275
supports Japan in war against Russia 17
see also Government Code and Cypher School (UK); Secret Intelligence Service (UK)
United States
Australian trade commissioners in 11
British signals intelligence 89
German espionage operations in 52–3, 57, 89
helps fund SRD 171
Japan breaks codes of 165
Samoan Conference (Berlin, 1889) xxii
Stimson withdraws SIGINT funding 195
Strategic Services Unit 158
troops begin to arrive in Australia (1941) 197
Washington keeps intelligence from MacArthur 232, 244, 245
United States Army
6th Army 312
17th Bomb Group 202–3
112th Cavalry Combat Team 316
112th Cavalry Regiment 314
837th Detachment 227
animosity with US Navy 225–6
attempts to stop exchanges between Australia and GC&CS 246
captures codebooks of IJA 216
General Headquarters, South West Pacific Area 170, 172, 175, 178–80, 216, 219–20, 221, 230, 244–5, 246, 270, 273, 278, 280, 296, 303
obtains radio compass combination sets 228
provides 50 per cent of Central Bureau staff 271
Radio Intercept Detachments 219
Signals Intelligence Service 227, 274
Special Wireless Company 276
in the structure of Central Bureau 229
US Amphibious Force 312
willingness to share SIGINT 227
Women’s Auxiliary Corps 271
United States Marines Corp 210, 293–4, 297, 298, 305
United States Navy
animosity with US Army 225–6
Battle of the Coral Sea 155, 199, 201, 205–6, 279, 293
Battle of Midway 199, 201, 205, 207–10, 278
Battle of Savo Island 211–12, 294, 295
CAST cryptanalytical unit 169, 197–200, 216, 218, 234
Command South Pacific 278, 289, 296
Fleet Radio Unit, Pacific (FRUPAC) 201–3, 205–7, 211, 220, 221
heavy-handed approach toward Australians 236–7
intelligence-passing procedure 221
moves to expel civilians working on SIGINT 235
Third Fleet’s unit 31 289
trains Australian workforce 200
see also Fleet Radio Unit, Melbourne (FRUMEL)
University of Sydney 66–7, 69, 195, 231
Usaia Sotutu 286, 287
Usira Company 164
utopian experiments 68
Vampire, HMAS (ship) 202
Van Arcken, Lieutenant G.C.M. 324
Van Hees, First Lieutenant H.T. 323
Vandegrift, General Alexander 210, 294, 296, 298, 299, 305
Vangunu 295
Vanikoro Island 291
Vanuatu see New Hebrides
Vella Lavella Island 296, 297, 302
VENONA 261–2
Victoria Barracks 143, 184, 200, 218, 222
Victorian Government 11, 12
Vigilant, HMAS (ship) 328
Vila see Port Vila
Vincennes, USS (ship) 211, 295
Viru Harbour 295
Wabun code 87
Waddell, A.N.A. 297, 301, 302
Wade, Bishop 286
Wadey, Pilot Officer S. 327
Wainwright, General J.M. 199
Wairope 162
Wake, Lieutenant Colonel Robert Frederick Bird 142, 177–8, 256
Walker, Third Officer Eve 176, 177, 256
Wallace, Professor Sir Robert 195
Wallack, Colonel Ernest 22
Wanetta (lugger) 55, 57, 61
Wanetta organisation 51–62, 339
Wanetta Pearling Company 53–6, 62, 78
Warrego, HMAS (ship) 33–4, 45
Wasp, USS (ship) 213
Waterfall Bay, New Britain 146, 150
Waterfield, Hugh 241
Watt, William 20, 24, 65, 66, 71, 72, 74, 75
Webber, Lieutenant R.B. 318, 319
Wheatley, Senior Master 50
Wheatley, Hugh 292
White Australia Policy 11, 61, 70
White, Brudenell 18, 19
Whitely, A.P. 11
Whitford, Frank 6
Wide Bay 146, 150, 300
Wigley, Private J.H. 151, 152
Wilkinson, Gerald H. 173–5
Williams, Lieutenant D.M. 335
Williams, Lieutenant H.L. (Les) 300, 314, 315
Williams, J.H. 241
Willoughby, Brigadier General Charles A. 173, 232, 239
Wills, Lieutenant Colonel K.A. 218
Wilson, Lieutenant Colonel A.J. 249
Winterbotham, Group Captain F.W. 176, 247–8, 255, 257, 259, 260, 261
Wireless Experimental Centre, India 240
wireless telegraphy 90
Wisdom, General E.A. 102
Witu 150
Wolf, SMS (ship) 58–9
women, in the war effort 228, 236, 269–72
Womens Australian Auxiliary Air Force 228, 271, 272
Women’s Royal Australian Naval Service 200, 269
Woodlark Island 140
Woodroffe, Petty Officer Roy 156
Wootten, Major General G. 312
World War I (1914–1918)
Australian deaths and casualties 41
Australian intelligence successes 42–50
Britain as an ally of Japan 32
Harry Freame in 125–7
planned seizure of German merchant ships 44
spies in Australia 42–4
World War II (1939–45)
Australia’s intelligence status in 1939 181–2
battles in Asia and the Pacific (1941–42) 197–214
Central War Room, Melbourne 184
coastwatching operations (1939–42) 136–56
Solomons and Pacific area (1943) 300–7
Wright, Lieutenant M.H. 300, 314–15
Wuvulu 281
Wylie, Captain F.J. 189, 192–3
Wylie, Captain I.S. 327, 328
Wynne, Captain W.P. 335
‘X’ Procedure 76, 139, 143
‘Y’ Procedure
Admiralty refuses ACNB access to equipment 115
Army and RAAF transmit to UK 267–8
to ascertain positions of aircraft and vessels 76
Australia procrastinates on building ‘Y’ link 268
Australians adopt British nomenclature 252
Australia’s commitment to 246
Ball recommends use of Dictaphone 101
breaches of 247–8, 255
Central Bureau 215, 216, 219–20, 264
control of ‘Y’ personnel and units 242–3
effect of budget cuts on 110
first ‘Y’ station in Far East 94
formal set of rules agreed upon 242
Franklin mission 102–6, 109
FRUMEL and Australia’s ‘Y’ service 214
India–Australia liaison 240
lack of specialists conversant with 122
meetings of new ‘Y’ committee 222, 223
role of GC&CS in ‘Y’ communications 265
Signals Intelligence Board sends women to Australia 270
‘Y’ Board, London 182, 224
‘Y’ Committee, Australia 224, 227
Yali, Sergeant 318, 319–20
Yamamoto Hayashi 253
Yamamoto Isoroku, Admiral 203, 204, 206, 207, 208, 209, 230
Yamashita, General 196
Yame Island 151
Yardley, Herbert 195
Yarra, HMAS (ship) 33, 45
Yauwika, Sergeant 152
Yorktown, USS (ship) 204, 205
Yuan Shi Kai 13–14
Yutani Kiyoshi, Major 329
Zelle, Margaretha Geertruida see Hari, Mata
Zimmerman Telegram debacle 52
Zuikaku, HIJMS (ship) 204, 206, 207, 208, 212