RL_Index.html

Adam, Adela, 147, 150n6, 150n10, 181, 190n17, 200n5

Adeimantus, xvii, 21n17, 171

character of, 35, 78–79, 161–62;

and friends in common, 68, 79;

and justice in itself, 13, 73;

and philosopher-kings, 155, 158, 160–61, 164–65, 167;

and private property, 33, 117;

and Second Wave, 1–6, 18;

and women, 9, 28, 76–78, 117, 194

Aeschylus, 116, 190n11

Agamemnon, 64n21, 134n48;

Eumenides, 180;

Oresteia, 166;

Toxotides, 122

Andres (men as manly) 3, 15, 31, 36, 44n5, 74, 109

animals:

Artemis as Mistress of, 70, 72, 121;

the guardians framed as, 52;

Aphrodite, 28, 109–10, 112, 115, 121, 122, 124–25, 127, 128, 134n45, 134n54

Apollo, xv, 77, 80, 110, 112, 121, 124, 126, 128, 157

Apology, 16, 102, 156, 165

Areté. See virtue

Aristophanes, i, 20n1, 33, 37, 45n11, 93, 95, 97, 100, 156, 181

Aristotle, 95, 150n6

criticism of Spartan women’s rule, 10, 114;

critique of the Forms, 172n3;

De Anima 48n37, 191n25;

on the family/oikos, 175–77, 179, 186;

on gentlemen’s rule, 15, 22n31, 144, 170;

History of Animals , 114–15;

lack of adequate women’s law, 82, 140, 174, 186, 187, 197;

Metaphysics 39, 44n5, 135, 194n33;

Nicomachean Ethics 22n33, 63n7, 120, 170;

Politics 21n10, 22n34, 55, 63n5, 100, 134n48, 171, 186, 192n13, 191n25;

reading the Republic, 8, 15, 41, 146, 175–77, 179;

understanding of political, 175, 180, 190n13;

on women’s education, xvii, 15, 18, 184;

women’s ire with, xvi, 147

Artemis, 109–10, 112

and Bendis, 68–70, 81;

at Brauron, 70, 92;

in Callimachus, 122, 124;

characteristics, 69–70;

in Cratylus, 121, 140;

as erotic figure, 128–29;

hatred of marriage, lust, 124;

in Homer, 70;

at Mounychia, 70, 92;

Nausikaa’s description as, 141–42;

as representative of political problem, 121–25;

and revenge, 61;

And Socrates, 145;

and wild beasts, 72;

and wilderness, 80

Aspasia, xii, 94, 101, 102

Atalanta, 58, 67, 69, 85, 124, 191

Athena, 36, 41, 46n23, 48–49n40, 71, 86n2, 96, 109–16, 114–16, 124, 125, 131n12, 180

Athenaeus, 107n32, 151n20

Athenian Stranger, xiii, xvii, 3, 9–10, 15, 21n10, 36, 41, 43, 55, 76–78, 82, 91–94, 97, 100, 102, 107n35, 110, 112–14, 116, 118, 121, 126, 128, 138, 143, 146, 150n7, 151n16, 151n20, 169, 170, 171, 177, 184, 186

Austen, Jane, 49n42, 113, 117,

auxiliaries:

as distinct from guardians, 7–8

babies, 146, 177, 179, 181, 183, 198

See also Children

bald men, 34, 40, 96

becoming, xv, 158, 188, 192n33

beauty, 27, 57, 82, 96–97, 100, 102, 124, 129, 134n54, 135n56, 141–42, 157, 200n4

deBeauvoir, Simone, 45n11, 182, 187, 193n20, 192n31, 192n33

bees, 160

being, xv, 158, 188

Bendis, xviii, 4, 67–73, 76, 78–82, 85, 92, 121, 164, 201n6

birth:

childbirth, 5, 33, 34, 38, 46n25, 77, 88n44, 95, 101, 119–20, 122, 125, 176, 179, 180, 184, 185, 190n16, 197;

citizenship and, 167;

As metaphor, 12, 57, 101, 119, 127, 149, 193

bodies. See the body

the body, xv, 22n28, 23n46, 39–40, 47n31, 48n37, 58, 90, 96–97, 99, 119, 140, 142, 188, 192n33

Bruni, Leonardo, ix, x, 5

cave, allegory of, 10, 37, 84, 93, 158, 159, 171

Cephalus, 2, 17, 18, 71, 164, 165, 185

childbirth. See birth

children, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13, 19, 186, 188

in common, 2–5, 81–82, 181–82, 185;

early education of, 5;

danger of too few/many, 3, 181, 199;

difficulty of early years, 83, 88n43;

ignorance/recognition of parents of, x, xx, 2, 177, 181;

as intemperate, 78;

love of, 88n44, 106n25, 117–20, 132n22, 133n28, 133n32, 179–81, 192n9;

the making of, 4–5, 7, 37, 75, 78, 102, 107n35, 178;

need for dialectic, 38;

question of, 62;

in Second Wave, x, xx, 72;

Socrates’, 177

See also marriage number

city.

See under type of city, most necessary, feverish

city/soul analogy, 21n17

Cleitophon, 154

cloaks, 11, 36, 82, 97, 98, 137, 142

comedy, 12–13, 74, 81, 97, 100, 103–4, 174, 198

commonality (koinonia), 5–8, 26, 30, 32, 34, 43, 79, 176, 182

community of wives, 5. See women in common

courage, 5, 55, 68, 81, 199

courtesans/prostitutes, 3, 54, 58, 67, 73, 75–76, 79, 94, 102–03, 114, 139, 142, 148, 151n20, 178

Daphne, 128

Dasein, 159

desire. See Eros

dialectic, xii, xv, xvi, xviii, 5, 12, 18, 25, 27–28, 31, 33–34, 38, 40–42, 52, 58, 60–63, 89, 102, 104, 112–13, 145, 148, 153, 168, 188, 194

Diotima 56–57, 61, 101–2, 108n37, 111, 114, 119, 179

divided line, 84, 158

division of labor, 45n15, 177, 180–81, 186, 190, 198–99

dogs, 11, 26, 28–31, 42, 52–55, 58, 59–60, 62–63, 69, 71, 73, 76, 82, 122, 123, 175–76, 178

drama, as female or male, 15–16, 193

education:

and Artemis, 121;

as athletic, 84;

and eros, 84–85;

naked gymnastic, 89–93, 137;

problems with, 62, 126, 145;

Socratic, 104, 138, 140, 143, 176–77, 184, 186;

and taming, 68, 73, 76, 77, 80, 82;

women’s desire for, 18, 99, 143, 191n25

Eleatic Stranger, xxii, 3, 55, 60–61, 73

Eliot, George, 18, 37

envy, 9, 17

Epithumia, 191n25

equality, 7, 22n32, 38, 43, 45n18, 46n19, 48n34, 106n18, 186

Er, myth of, ix, xv, 42, 67, 69, 101, 112, 124, 188–89

Eriphyle, 117

eristic, 26, 27, 31, 32, 38, 45n6, 61–62, 96, 101, 148

Eros, 67–68, 86

and Aristophanes, 37;

between guardians, 98;

as hunter, 54, 76, 78, 119;

impossible to satisfy/pleonexia, 52, 74, 81, 126, 183, 186;

as lust, 52, 97, 139–40, 146;

need for, 19;

as not bad, 53, 71, 126–27;

as not romantic love, 64n23, 78, 128;

as other than Freudian, 85;

and philosophy, 51–52, 77, 84–85, 149, 156, 161, 164, 170;

as present in Artemis, 112, 122–25;

Socrates’ ignorance of, 127, 156;

as sublated, 75, 129;

and thumos, 56–63;

as wild, 73, 82–83, 126, 195;

of women’s, 19, 23n46, 39, 77–79, 82–83, 85, 114–16, 130, 140, 142, 145, 179, 182, 196, 197

erotic art, 56–57, 61, 101, 115, 124, 139, 143, 159

Euripides, 55, 107n32, 134n48,

expelling all over age 10 from city, 13, 22n26, 170

family, 120, 184;

nuclear, 175, 188, 198;

as one’s own, 99, 117, 119, 177;

Socrates and, 185–86, 194n28;

to take up, 117;

women and, xx, 14, 109, 179, 181–82.

See also children, community of wives

the Fates, 85, 88n54

female drama, 15–16, 21n17, 195, 201n6

female human nature, xiv, xvi, 26, 31–33, 93, 113, 174, 180, 183, 187, 191n23

female (thêlus), 30–31, 44n5

the feminine, 19, 23n46, 47n32, 85, 180

feminism, xx, 40, 192n33

feverish city, 51, 54, 57, 67–8, 73–4, 76, 110

Fielding, Henry, 100, 102

fierceness, xvi, 27, 29, 39, 40, 41, 53, 59, 145,

forests, xi, 55, 70–71, 81, 99, 113, 121, 129, 159, 180, 195

Forms, the. 45n12, 81, 84, 86, 157–59, 174

freedom, 28, 95, 106n18, 114, 127, 129, 182, 187, 195

friendship, 40, 56, 63n3, 79, 120, 126–27, 146, 150n11

the funny. See comedy

the Furies, 86n2, 116, 180

Gaskell, Elizabeth, 178

gender, xv, 39, 44n6, 47n33, 112, 194n33

genos, as terminology, xv, 44n6

gentleman, as lawgiver, 15, 55, 144

gentleness, 19, 27, 39–40, 41, 49n42, 53, 55, 59, 72–73, 74, 117, 180

Glaucon:

both erotic and spirited, 35, 71;

character of, 4, 27, 31–32, 41–42, 74, 76, 83, 92, 117, 157, 161–62;

as hunter, 29, 71, 74, 80–81, 176;

relation to Socrates, 79

as relatively charitable towards women, 28, 32, 194;

the gods, as a body, 70, 71, 76, 77, 115, 122, 147, 169.

See also specific god or goddess

Good, the, 157–59, 163, 168–69, 171, 175, 178, 187, 199

governing. See rulers, ruling

Guarino, 148

Gyges. See Ring of Gyges

gymnastic:

as of body, 39, 94, 110;

as of character, 39, 54, 58, 72, 90–93;

In the Laws, 102, 107n35;

In male drama, 3–4, 15;

And music, 4, 104n6, 196

women at the Olympics, 94;

of women in Sparta, 93;

Hades, 102

happiness, 3, 15, 77, 117, 168, 191, 200n4

harmony and disharmony, xix, xxiv, 12, 23n43, 27, 145, 163

health, 15, 77, 82, 121–22, 140, 196, 200n4,

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 60, 64n19, 131n5, 182,

Heidegger, Martin, xii–xiii, xv, 111, 130n4, 172n6, 173n28

Hera, 28, 48n37, 78, 87n39, 93, 94, 110, 112, 115, 117, 122–25, 128, 132n 20–21

Heracles, 126

Heralds, 51, 81, 85

Herodotus, 34, 69, 123, 133n37, 170

Hetairai. See Courtesans and Prostitutes

holiness, 69, 102, 125, 127, 129.

See also The Sacred.

Homer, 68, 112, 115;

Hymns, 131n12;

Iliad, 70, 115, 122, 132n20, 134n45;

Odyssey, 96, 141

honor, ix, 7, 46n19, 59, 60, 70, 71, 78, 85, 89, 116, 119, 143, 145, 156, 162, 175, 185, 189

horses, 19, 48n39, 52, 55, 71, 83, 88n49, 107n35, 159, 189

household. See house

houses, xx, 8, 17, 20n1, 28, 36, 38, 43, 53, 71, 72, 88n43, 88n53, 94, 95, 105n13, 114, 132n27, 147, 164, 165, 174, 175, 178–82, 184, 185, 187, 189n4, 197–98

Howe, Julia Ward, 146, 148, 150n8, 181, 182, 190n16, 197

hubris, xix, xx, 17, 37, 115, 124–27, 153

human nature, xiv, xvi, 15, 26, 31–33, 40, 93, 113, 126, 129, 174, 180, 183, 185, 187, 191n 23–24, 194

hunger and thirst, 140

hunting, 63, 67–9, 79, 122

as erotic and spirited, 57–62, 159;

female hunting dogs, 61, 178;

guardians’ partnership as, 29–30, 42, 53–55, 102, 175–77;

as philosophy, 60–62, 85, 144, 157;

prayers, 80, 112, 121;

in shade, 113;

and war, 55–57;

and women, 73–76.

See also Artemis, Bendis

hylomorphism, 192n33

ideas, doctrine of. See forms

ideology, xx, 170–71, 173n31

ignorance, xv, 2, 11, 12, 18, 26, 57, 83, 104, 125, 129, 158, 163, 167, 191n23

incest, 6, 126, 183, 185

injustice, x, 17, 29, 32, 41, 47n32, 49n41, 72–4, 77, 84, 100, 103, 120, 123, 145, 174, 179, 181, 198

intemperance, 68, 139

Irigaray, Luce, 22n35, 45n13, 48n35, 106n18, 108n37, 110, 128, 130n4, 181, 198

irony, xi, xiii, xiv, xx, 4, 6, 12–13, 39–40, 62, 72, 89, 94, 100, 101, 103, 115, 124, 128, 132n21, 140, 154, 161, 174, 175, 179, 181, 182, 195, 197, 199

jealousy. See envy

justice, 2, 3, 18, 73, 74, 111, 121, 157

absence in First Wave, 25, 38, 44n2, 145;

difficulty of final solution for, xiv, xxiv, 40, 64n23, 72, 185;

discussion of as revenge, 165;

as health of soul, 5, 15, 43, 52, 55, 68, 77, 82, 85, 114, 122, 140, 149;

hunt for, 79–81, 113;

need for, x–xi, 17, 30, 99, 118, 154;

without consequences, xiii, xx, 12–15, 71, 170, 181, 186, 199;

to women, x.

See also Minding one’s business

Kierkegaard, Søren, 19, 111, 112, 145, 187, 188, 200

kings. See rule of philosopher-king, bees

knowledge:

of guardians, 157–60;

ignorance of one’s ignorance, xv

labor, women in, 77

Lachesis, 85

Lactantius, 6, 193

laughter:

absurdity vs. hilarity, 37;

and comic poets/Aristophanes, 107n28, 156;

dolphins and, 35;

helpfulness of, 103;

Henry Fielding’s opinions of, 100–101;

at philosophy, 9, 103–4, 155–56, 166, 168, 195–97;

at women, xvi, 9, 92, 98–103, 115, 195–97

Laws, the, xiii, 3, 10, 16, 21n10, 48n39, 55, 77, 91, 97, 102, 110, 128, 131n13, 132n26, 146, 150n2, 150n6, 151n16, 151n20, 153, 169, 173n27, 186.

See also Athenian Stranger

lies, noble and otherwise, 98, 104

love:

and Artemis, 121, 124;

of excellence, 143;

as friendship;

of justice, 14, 194n28;

of learning, 157;

As motherly, 177;

non-lovers, 160, 166;

of one’s own, 106n25, 116, 118–20, 129, 155;

of philosophy, xiv, xx, 140, 142, 149, 158, 159, 161–63, 168, 171, 199;

of/by Plato, xiv, 147, 153;

as Platonic, 150n11;

as romantic, 64n23, 134n54, 186;

of Socrates, 154;

of truth, xx, 167–68, 170–71, 187;

of victory, 12, 162;

Of virtue, 140;

of women, 188;

women’s, 156;

of work, 176, 178.

See also Eros

Lycurgus, 10, 82

magistrates, 138, 145, 174, 176

maidens. See Parthenos

male drama, 15

marriage, 3, 75, 78–79, 92, 105n6, 115, 117, 122, 124–25, 128, 133n32, 146, 176, 181, 192n32, 199

marriage number, 117, 199

Marx, Karl, 6, 45n15, 180, 198,

metals, myth of, 178, 180, 198

minding one’s own business, 2, 17, 81, 100

misandry, 101

misogyny, 90, 101ff

moneymakers, xv

most necessary city, 54, 57, 63n4, 74–75, 109, 196

mothers:

animal affection of, 178;

earth as nurse and, 178;

as loving one’s own, 119–20;

as political, 177–79;

regime change and, 118;

Socrates’ own, xii

music:

As education, 4, 15, 30, 54, 72–73, 76, 90, 101, 196;

As female, 19;

As profession/soul, 69, 179, 186;

As quality, 27, 35, 38–39, 80, 139, 180

Myth of Er, xv, 42, 67, 69, 101, 112, 124, 188–89

Metals, myth of, 178

myths, political, 116, 187–88

nakedness:

goddesses and, 112–30;

and gymnastic, 89–104, 110;

in Sparta, in Athens, 92–93, 105n8

nature:

distinguished from custom, 113;

as lacking in Republic, xvi.

See female human nature

Nausikaa, 141

Neoplatonists, 147

Nietzsche, Friedrich, i, 19, 23n44, 47n33, 111, 172n23, 197,

Nohle, Karl, xiv

Nous, 119, 132n20

nurses:

Jane Austen’s views on, 131n15;

luxury of, 3, 67, 75–76, 79, 177ff;

philosophy as, 23n44, 72;

preference for Thracians as, 76;

Socrates’ plans for, 178ff;

treachery of, 117, 131n15, 139;

Women who nursed, 21n7

Odysseus, 96, 141

old men, 20n1, 40, 96, 98

old women, 96, 106n21

Opson (made dishes), 3

otherness, 34, 69, 100

Panathenaia, 105n15

parents, x, xx, 2, 111, 119–20, 177, 181, 185.

See also mothers, children, community of women

Parthenos (maiden), 19, 97, 99, 109, 113, 117, 121–22, 124, 127–29, 131n15, 141–42, 147, 155, 156, 196

Pausanius, 105n8, 106n24

Phaedrus, 5, 40, 49n44, 56, 60, 64n23, 148, 159

philia (friendly love), 119–20

philosopher-kings. See Philosophy

philosophy, 51, 74, 171, 176

female drama, 16–17;

hatred of, 35, 62, 104;

as health of soul. See Health;

hubris of, 13–14, 18, 103, 127, 161, 163–69;

as hunting. See hunting;

isolation of, 113, 168;

its knowledge, 11, 14–15, 44n6, 84, 103, 162, 164, 167–69;

as king, 8, 81–83, 163;

lady philosophy, 127, 184;

as nurse, 23

need for, 5, 23n44, 52, 168, 189, 193;

rule of philosopher-kings, 10, 12–14, 16, 48n40, 68, 102, 127, 146, 153–61, 166, 170;

Socrates as practitioner, 61, 164, 167–69, 184–87. See also erotic art;

as stripping, 172n23

as thumotic, 53, 71, 84, 161, 168;

true eros for true philosophy, 9, 11–12, 40, 54, 60, 67–68, 83–84, 140, 161–62, 167;

women and, 1, 10, 16–20, 78, 85, 88n43, 100, 127, 143–47, 151n19, 161, 195

Phryne, 94

Pindar, 103, 124

Piraeus, 67, 68, 70, 92, 96, 121

Plato. See individual works.

Pleonexia, 57, 63n10, 64n12, 74, 83, 116–17, 167

the poets, ix, x, xv, 54, 57, 100, 103–4, 134n49, 147, 170, 179, 180

Polemarchus, 2, 4–5, 18, 21n6, 71, 79, 81, 82, 164

possession. See private property

possibility, 13–15, 22n26, 25, 29, 45n7, 170, 173n31,

privacy:

Artemis and, 121–24;

equivocacy of, 110, 118;

insight provided by, 115, 118;

as loneliness/isolation, 55, 70, 76, 90, 98–100, 113–14, 120, 128;

as love of one’s own, 6, 55, 98–100;

philosophy’s need for, 115;

the tyrant as housewife, 113, 118;

women’s love for, 38, 116

property:

children as, 120;

As common, 99, 181–82;

divisiveness of Socrates’ views on, x, 33, 43;

patrilineal desire for, 3;

as private, x, 116–19, 175;

women as, 5–6, 140

prostitutes. See courtesans and prostitutes

public, 128–30

rape, 78, 111, 112, 145

and Artemis, 122–24;

Athenian Stranger’s concern over, 126;

lady philosophy in danger of, 127;

as political problem, 125, 128;

Socrates’ editing out, 125;

deTocqueville’s recommendation of death penalty over, 127

problem of, xi, xiv, xix, 12, 41, 43, 78, 84, 89–90, 102, 104, 146, 153–54, 171, 175, 189, 194;

women as, 138, 146–49, 151n20, 197

Ring of Gyges:

In Herodotus, 123, 133n37;

In the Republic, 120

Rousseau, 141, 150n4

The Sacred 36, 70, 122, 147, 197. See also Holiness

seclusion, 95

shade, 80, 110, 113, 115–16, 121, 128–30, 155, 180, 183

skill (techne):

as art, 25, 32, 34, 41, 72, 143;

of women, 36–38, 43, 183, 191

Socrates:

as daimonic, 103, 149, 154, 164–65;

as hero, xii, 193–94;

as ironic, xi, xiii, 4, 12, 13, 72, 94, 101, 103, 154, 199–200;

as thumotic, 161–62

Sophist, 51, 54, 55, 60, 73, 113

Spartan women, 8, 10, 91, 93, 114, 147

stargazing, 104, 140, 166–68

Statesman, 3, 142

Strauss, Leo, xiii, xvi, 14, 83, 84, 85, 113, 180, 186

Sun, 11, 37, 77, 113, 158–59, 193

Symposium, 37, 40, 51–52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 64n23, 78, 79, 101, 114, 119, 122, 142, 149, 154, 159, 179, 193

tameness, 20n1, 32, 39, 53, 55, 68, 71–76, 79, 82, 83, 91, 110, 112, 117, 126, 139–40, 141, 145, 160, 162, 167, 169, 171, 173n23, 180

techne. See skill

temperance. See intemperance

Thales, 37, 104, 155, 168

Theaetetus, xii, 16, 37, 55, 60, 104, 155

theater attendance, 132n27

Theodote, 94

Thesmophoria, 20n1, 33, 110

Thrasymachus, 2, 5, 18, 48n36, 72–73, 84, 85, 115, 120

Thumos:

in contrast to eros, 57–63;

as hated, 52;

as present in Socrates, 161–62;

as thumoeidetic, 163

Timaeus, xxi, xxii, 43, 49n46, 102

Tiresias, xv, 87n39, 131n12

Torchraces, 71

Tripartite Soul, 52–53, 63, 191n25

Trollope, Anthony, 150n3

true city. See most necessary city

truth, 157–62

tyrant:

as dangerously erotic, 73, 85, 100, 126;

Heidegger and, 173n28;

as housewife, 113–14, 117;

philosopher as, 163;

woman as, 120, 130, 132n27, 145

virtue:

And Artemis, 121–22;

As civic, 81;

As cloak, 95, 98, 129, 137–43;

As health of soul, 82;

And women, 77, 85, 94–95;

in Xenophon, 55

war:

as eristical, 31;

hunting and, 55–57;

needed to install philosopher-king, 170;

and philosophy, 166;

Between the sexes, 44;

Socrates moderating, 148;

source of, 167;

women in, 41, 48n39, 143, 181, 185, 192n18

weaving, 20n1, 35, 36, 93, 109, 142,

wet nurses. See nurses

guardians as, 82;

injustice as, 68, 71–72;

as isolation, 113–14, 129;

philosophy as, 169, 195;

as root of city, 74–75, 167;

Thrasymachus as, 72;

tyrant as, 114;

women as, 78, 114, 139, 145, 180

wives:

community of, 5–6, 28;

as contributors to political upheaval, 118, 120, 133n37;

their excuses for being out of the house, 95;

nagging of, 28, 95, 117;

as weavers, 20n1, 109

women’s law:

competing plans for, 143;

forgetfullness of, 4, 7, 196;

inadequacy of current laws, 79, 130;

men’s reaction to, 33, 79;

need for, 17, 140, 181, 183, 193, 198;

Plato’s hope for, 138, 148;

Women’s reaction to, 146

women’s nature. See female human nature

Woman Question

Need for, xiv, 193

Difficulty of aporia on, 40–41

Need for statesman, 142, 199

Political context of, 194

Ultimate aporia on, 199

Woolf, Virginia, xv, 18, 35, 40, 45n8, 151n19

Xenophon:

On Hunting, 29, 36, 52, 55, 56–9, 61, 67, 80, 81;

Memorabilia, 94, 102;

Oeconomicus, 105n12, 148;

Symposium, 106n23

youth, 35, 42, 92, 96, 97, 107n35, 128–29, 141, 194

Zeus, 17, 21n7, 28, 48n37, 49n42, 68, 70, 92, 112, 115, 117, 122, 123, 125, 126, 141, 165