Addison, Joseph, 9, 32, 36, 44, 88, 134, 237
Adultery, 5, 36, 126–74; as upper class vice, 30, 128, 131; cures for debated, 128–29, 161–63; criminal conversation, 129–30; religion and, 131; pamphlets, 132–33; politics and, 136–40; Horace Walpole on, 142; attempted legislation, 146, 148–49; Kenyon on, 156–59, 161–62, 164, 166–67; debating criminal conversation after the War, 229–36; Ellenborough divorce, 231, 233–34; change in damages given, 231–32. See also Criminal conversation trials
Allen, John Taylor, 99
Andrews, Miles Peter, 69
Ayscough, Rev. Francis, 104
Baker, Henry, 20
Barrell, John, 155
Bate, Rev. Henry, 40
Berkeley, Bishop George, 16, 23, 28
Brown, John, 25
Budgell, Eustace, 89–90
Burgoyne, John, 69
Campbell, Archibald, 20
Carter, Philip, 44
Centlivre, Susannah, 45, 178, 179
Cherbury, Lord Herbert of, 17
Clerke, Captain Abraham, 22
Collier, Jeremy, 24
Comber, Thomas, 24
Courage and honor, 18–20, 27, 33–34, 58–63. See also Duels; Duelling
Courtin, Antoine, 15–16, 19, 21, 22–23
Crime, definition, 4; and duelling, 60–61
Criminal conversation trials:
Knowles-Gambier, 135–36;
Grosvenor-Cumberland, 139–46, 167; Parslow-Sykes, 157; Sheridan-Newman, 157–58; Crewe-Inglefield, 158; Hennet-Darley, 158; Webster-Holland, 158; Ricketts-Taylor, 160–62; Abercorn-Copley, 163, 165; Taylor-Birdwood, 163; Howard-Bingham, 164–65; Lingham-Hunt, 165–66; Roseberry-Mildmay, 167–71; Cox-Kean, 172–73. See also Adultery
Crockford, William, 222–23, 224
Culture, and cultural history, 6–8; history of opinion, 9–10
Custom, 44–45, and duelling, 54, 58; and suicide, 88
Devil/Satan/Lucifer, 5, 20, 29–30, 44, 68, 87–88
Duelling, 41–83, 236–41; and law, 30, 43, 45, 67–68, 70; features of, 46–47; and politics, 52–56; public debate, 54–55, 61; in the 1780s, 58–62; defenses of, 63, 65–67; political, military duels during Napoleonic Wars, 77–81; and suicide, 84
Duels, 5, 43–81; Mohun-Hamilton, 43, 46, 52; Andrews-Lee, 46–47; Byron-Chaworth, 46, 48, 50–52; Dalton-Paul, 46; Deering-Thornhill, 46; Innes-Clarke, 46, 48–49; Walpole-Chetwynd, 46, 52; Gray-Lempster, 47; Harvey-Pulteney, 52; Wilkes’s duels, 52; Fox-Adam, 53–54; Johnstone-Germaine, 53; Shelburne-Fullerton, 54–55; Tierney-Pitt, 55–58; Riddell-Cunningham, 58–60; Gordon-Thomas, 61–62; Norfolk-Malden, 72; Ormond-Drogheda, 72; Canning-Castlereagh, 78; Lauderdale-Arnold, 78; Roper-Purefoy, 79–80; Wellington-Winchilsea, 237–38; Clayton-Lambrecht, 238, 239–40; Fawcett-Munro, 238–39, 240
Eden, William, 67
Erskine, Thomas: law and morals, 4–5, 11; spurious honor of the Great, 8; lawyer in challenge cases, 71, 73, 76, 77, 80; Erskine and Kenyon, 75–76, 77; in adultery cases, 157, 160, 163, 164–65
Family and polity, 127–28
Fielding, Henry: adultery, duelling, and gaming in Amelia, 5, 44, 191; adultery in Covent Garden Journal, 5, 134; duelling in Tom Jones, 45; gaming, as magistrate, 182; and in Covent Garden Journal, 183, 190
Gaming, 4, 30, 175–217; and suicide, 176–77; laws against, 180, 182; public vs. private, 181–83, 185; effects on the nation, 184–91, 194–95; gaming and conversation, 184, 191–94; on politics, 187–88; on military might, 188–89; effects on religion, 189–91; effects on families, 196–97; Frances Braddock, women, and, 197–206; EO Table Bill, 206–10; during the Napoleonic War, 210–16; post-Napoleonic gaming, 220–24; rising of middle class gaming, 221–22
Gates, Barbara, 89
Great, the/the ton, beau monde, haut ton: descriptions of, 1, 4; lives of, 10, 13, 16, 25, 27, 30–31, 36, 41; and adultery, 128, 131, 148, 150–51; and gambling, 180, 186–88
Haig, Robert L., 39
Henley, “Orator” John, 86
Herries, Rev. John, 83
Hodgson, Councillor, 57
Holbrook, Rev. Anthony, 21, 23, 34
Honor: true and false, 15–17; 17–36; male and female, 31–36; and duelling, 44–45; and gaming, 195
Hume, David, 7
Ingram, Rowland, 80
Jeffery, Rev. John, 84, 88, 103
Jephson, Rev. Alexander, 26, 30, 36, 128
Johnson, Samuel, 9, 89–90, 185, 194, 211
Junius, 136–40
Kenyon, Lord: and challenge cases, 73–77; and adultery, 154, 156–59, 160–67, 214–15; and Adultery Bill of 1800, 164
Knaggs, Rev. Thomas, 88
Kyte, Rev. Joshua, 34–35
Law: effects of vices on, 4, 13, 18; partiality of, 5–6, 24; and code of honor, 22–23; neglected in duelling, 60; duelling in court, 70–77; magistrates and duels, 72; mitigatory verdicts on suicide and, 102–3, 105–6; penalties to be enforced, 123; courts and police against gaming, 213–14
MacDonald, Michael, and Terence Murphy: suicide and duelling, 84; suicide as natural, 87, 101; on Gentleman’s Magazine, 88; poetry and suicide, 92; on inquest juries, 102, 104, 105, 224; repeal of forfeiture clause, 125
Mackqueen, Rev. John, 17, 18, 22, 28–29
Mallet, David, 83
Mandeville, Bernard, 19, 23, 24, 26, 32, 33, 34
Middling sort, 1, 2; in Robinson Crusoe, 2; virtue of, 13, 28, 244, 246; Romilly as, 117; virtue in marriage in, 145, 151; rise of middle class gaming, 187, 221–22; rise in adultery cases, 232, 234; power and virtues of, 236, 244
Moore, Rev. Charles, 108, 109, 176, 187, 188
More, Hannah, 8
Odell, Rev. William Butler, 80
Oldmixon, John, 31
Pearce, Rev. Zachary, 86
Plays, 12–13; depictions of duelling, 45, 68–70; duels in, 45, 68–70; depictions of adultery, 130; “The Stranger,” 159–60, 166, 171–72; depictions of gaming, 177–80
Politeness in soldiers, 36, 45–46
Popple, William, 45
Press, 9–10, 12, 37–41; reports of vice, 38–39; coffee houses and, 39; effects of publicity, 40–41, 71, 72–73, 151; duelling reports, 46–49, 53–57; 63–64, 74; suicide reports in, 90–99, 101, 120–23; legal change and Felo de Se Act, 119–25; and adultery, 133–36, 144, 149–56, 163–65, 166; Junius on adultery, 136–39; adultery and letters to, 149–51; adultery stories in 1780s and 1790s, 154–56; gaming and suicide stories, 176; gaming stories of 1780s, 204–10; gaming at century’s end, 210–13; press against gaming, 213–17; press and upper-class morals, 219, 241, 244–46
Pride: upper class failing of, 4; defined aristocratic practice, 20–21, 27; politeness and, 36, 66, 88–89, 91; and suicide, 88, 96, 115, 122, 125; gaming and, 176, 177
Public opinion, 4, 10, 149, 237, 240
Richardson, Samuel, 45
Romilly, Sir Samuel, 80. See also Suicides
Skirmish: definition of, 1–14
Smalbroke, Bishop Richard, 129
Stanhope, Rev. George, 15
Stanton, Lieutenant Samuel, 66–67
Steele, Richard, 9, 31, 44, 45, 51
Stone, Lawrence, 129, 130, 132, 156, 231, 233, 234
Suicide, 5, 29–30, 83–125; duelling and, 84–85; deleterious effects on the polity, 85–86; inquests on, 85, 101–6; religion and, 86–87; causes of, 87–89; Horace Walpole on, 90–91, 96; felo de se only for the poor, 92–96; poetry about, 92, 100; in debating clubs, 96; reasons for suicide, 97–99; Blackstone on, 103; bribery and suicide, 103–6; Lady Spencer and, 105; punishment for, 106–9; why the Felo de Se Act, 119–25; dissection for, 124; after the Felo de Se Act, 224–29; “temporary insanity,” 226–27. See also Suicides Suicides: Budgell, 89–90; the Smiths, 89; Duke of Bolton, 90–91; Earl Scarborough, 91; Stirn, 91; Lord Clive, 93–94; Yorke, 93; Damer, 94–95; Forrest, 94; Bradshaw and Powell, 95–96; Sutherland, 98, Hesse, 99–100; Sir Samuel Romilly, 109–17; Whitbread, 115, 119–20; Lord Castlereagh, 117–19; Sir Richard Croft, 120; Lord Graves, 228; Lord Rivers, 228–29
Swift, Jonathan, 63
Troussaint, Francois, 23, 28, 29
Turner, David, 127, 129, 130, 132
Vice: aristocratic, 3, 29; definition of, 4; effects of, 4; genteel, 30–41
Ward, Ned, 21
Webster, Rev. William, 27
Wesley, Rev. John, 31–32
Wray, Mary, 131