Most IT administrators want to automate as many functions as possible in order to reproduce the same outcome consistently and quickly to as many devices as possible. Setting up a basic computer build is no exception.
In Configuration Manager 2007, the Operating System Deployment (OSD) feature became one of the most important features. With Configuration Manager you can install Windows operating systems without any user intervention. This is known as Zero-Touch deployment. When a Windows deployment is finished, the user is able to log in to the network and start working with the new operating systems and the available applications. The OSD feature is highly dependent on the Windows Assessment and Deployment Kit (ADK) for Windows 10. The Windows ADK is a prerequisite of Configuration Manager Current Branch.
In Configuration Manager Current Branch the OSD feature has matured and includes added features such as Windows 10 Servicing and the Windows 10 Upgrade task sequence. We will walk you through several Windows deployment scenarios without and with the use of the Microsoft Deployment Toolkit (MDT) 2013.
In this chapter, you will learn to
The OSD feature has not been significantly changed from Configuration Manager 2012. Some parts are enhanced, changed, or new to the feature. The following list shows the changes since Configuration Manager 2012:
Before you configure the feature, you should plan your deployment, since you can deploy different kinds of operating systems in numerous ways. To deploy your operating systems in an effective and cost-efficient way, you need to address the following items when planning your deployment:
You can deploy the operating system in different ways. In Configuration Manager you can deploy an operating system in three kinds of scenarios:
Bare-Metal Scenario Installing an operating system to a new out-of-the-box client computer.
Refresh Computer Scenario Deploying an image to an existing Windows installation to perform an upgrade or reinstall while migrating the user state to the new Windows installation.
Upgrade Scenario Especially for Windows 10, an upgrade scenario/task sequence has been added.
Configuration Manager Current Branch supports, as did the previous version of Configuration Manager, the deployment of two kinds of operating system installations. You can install images, based on the Windows Imaging (WIM) format, or just install operating systems by using the source of an operating system installation. Using the source of an operating system is an unattended installation and is normally used to create a WIM image with a build-and-capture task sequence. The source can be a copy of the DVD of Windows 10, Windows 8.x, Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 (R2), Windows Server 2012 (R2), or Windows Server 2016.
Operating System Images Operating images are often custom images that are built with the build-and-capture task sequence; the default install.wim file can also be used. This task sequence allows you to install and create an image of a customized reference operating system image. Also, the operating system images are used when you want to build and capture a custom image of a Windows 7 or higher or a Windows Server 2008 or higher operating system.
Operating System Upgrade Packages An upgrade package is used to upgrade older Windows versions to Windows 10 operating systems or while upgrading to the latest version of Windows 10 if you have Windows 10 already.
The OSD feature uses different kinds of components within Configuration Manager Current Branch. We’ll look at each of them.
Configuration Manager comes with two default boot images. These images are available for all sites in the hierarchy. There is no need to create and deploy boot images for each Configuration Manager site in the hierarchy.
When you access a standard boot image, you can configure several settings in various tabs. To access the boot image, browse to the Software Library workspace and choose Overview ➢ Operating Systems ➢ Boot Images. The tabs shown in Figure 9.1 are available.
FIGURE 9.1 Boot Image Properties
General On the General tab, you can enter or change the name, version, or comments of the boot image that’s already available in Configuration Manager.
Images The Images tab provides information about the boot image. If you changed the image properties with an external tool, you can reload the original properties.
Drivers The Drivers tab provides an overview of the drivers that are injected into the boot image. You can also add drivers from the driver store to the boot image. Common drivers to add to boot images are network and SATA/SCSI drivers and any other critical drivers.
Customization If you want to customize the selected boot image, you can find some options on the Customization tab. When you’re in the plan and build phases of your project and you want to test the deployment of images, you can enable command support in the Windows Preinstallation Environment (WinPE) phase of your deployment. Pressing F8 opens a command prompt that allows you to access the filesystem and log files that are located in the _SMSTaskSequence\Logs\Smstslog directory. There is also an option to change the background that is shown during the WinPE phase.
If you want to add a prestart command hook and supporting files, you can add the command line here.
Data Source The Data Source tab supplies the path to the boot WIM image that is used for the boot image package. The Data Source tab is also the place to enable or disable the ability to boot the image from PXE and deploy it to a PXE-enabled distribution point.
Data Access With settings in the Data Access tab, you can configure how the package is stored on the distribution points.
Distribution Settings Here you can define how the boot image package is distributed to the distribution points and set the priority.
Content Locations On the Content Locations tab, you can see on which distribution points or distribution point groups the image package is available. Selecting a distribution point or distribution point group allows you to validate the copy on the location, redistribute the boot image package to the location, or remove the boot image package from the location.
Optional Components In earlier versions, an administrator had to use MDT to create custom boot images to incorporate components such as an HTML Application (HTA). Or the administrator had to add the components to an SCCM boot image manually using Deployment Image Servicing and Management (DISM). Configuration Manager includes the ability to add optional components to the WinPE images from the Configuration Manager console.
Security The Security tab shows you the users who have administrative permissions to the boot image object.
The state migration point stores the user data that is gathered by the User State Migration Tool (USMT) when a computer is being refreshed by a new Windows operating system. The component can be configured to store user data on different storage folders, depending on the deletion policy.
The distribution point is used to store the content that is related to the OSD. Since Configuration Manager 2012, two very important features have been moved to the distribution point: PXE and multicast.
When configuring a distribution point for OSD, you can adjust the following settings:
PXE Tab As mentioned earlier, the PXE feature has been moved to the distribution point. The PXE tab allows you to enable or disable support for PXE, but a Windows Deployment Services (WDS) service must be present. As in earlier versions, you can configure PXE to respond to incoming PXE requests and unknown computer support. Configuration Manager Current Branch introduces the ability to enable Primary User Assignment, which is discussed later in this chapter. If you want to secure PXE with a password, you can configure one. When you enable a boot image for PXE and the boot image is available on the distribution point, the boot image is also copied into the RemoteInstall\SMSBoot folder of WDS. Enabling the PXE feature will also install the WDS feature if it is not yet available.
Multicast Tab The Multicast feature has also been moved to the distribution point via PXE. You configure the options per distribution point. With multicasting, you can deploy an image to more than one workstation simultaneously. For instance, a normal deployment of operating systems in an environment with Configuration Manager for a 2 GB image to 30 devices would result in about 60 GB of network utilization. However, when you take the same deployment and use multicasting, you now see as little as about 2 GB of network utilization to deploy the same 30 devices.
Talk to your network administrator while implementing multicasting in your network.
The operating system images are the WIM images that can be deployed to workstations or servers. An operating system image can be a captured operating system. When you access the image, you can configure several settings in various tabs. To access an operating system image, go to the Software Library workspace and choose Overview ➢ Operating Systems ➢ Operating System Image.
General The General tab is used to supply information about the operating system image, like name, version, and comments.
Images The Images tab gives you information about the WIM image. Information like OS version, architecture, creation date, and more is shared. If you changed the image properties using an external tool, you can reload the information from the WIM image.
Data Source The Data Source tab supplies the UNC path to the WIM image that is used for the operating system image package.
Data Access Tab With settings in the Data Access tab, you can configure how the package is stored on the distribution points.
Distribution Settings Here you can define how the operating system image package is distributed to the distribution points and set the priority. You can also specify whether to allow this operating system image to be transferred using multicasting via WinPE.
Servicing On the Servicing tab you are able to see or change the offline servicing schedule if offline servicing for an image is scheduled.
Installed Updates The installed updates tab gives you a list with installed updates that have been installed with offline servicing.
Content Locations On the Content Locations tab, you can see on which distribution points or distribution point groups the operating system image package is available. Selecting a distribution point or distribution point group allows you to validate the copy on the location, redistribute the operating system image package to the location, or remove the operating system image package from the location.
Security The Security tab shows you the users who have administrative permissions to the operating system image object.
The operating system upgrade packages are the install source of a Windows 10 operating system. With this source you are able to install or upgrade an operating system unattended. Operating system upgrade packages can also be used, for instance, while building and capturing an operating system image. When you access the package, you can configure several settings. To access an operating system upgrade package, go to the Software Library workspace and choose Overview ➢ Operating Systems ➢ Operating System Upgrade Packages. Operating system upgrade packages for Configuration Manager Current Branch are supported only for Windows 10.
General The General tab is used to supply information about the operating system installer, like name, version, and comments.
Editions The Editions tab allows you to see information about the selected edition in the installation source. For instance, a Windows 10 install source has more editions available; editions can be Professional or Enterprise.
Data Source The Data Source tab supplies the UNC path to the install source of the operating system installer that is used for the operating system installer package.
Data Access With settings in the Data Access tab, you can configure how the package is stored on the distribution points.
Distribution Settings Here you can define how the operating system installer package is distributed to the distribution points and also set the priority.
Servicing On the Servicing tab you are able to see or change the offline servicing schedule if offline servicing for an image is scheduled.
Installed Updates The Installed Updates tab gives you a list of installed updates that have been installed with offline servicing.
Content Locations On the Content Locations tab, you can see on which distribution points or distribution point groups the operating system installer package is available. Selecting a distribution point or distribution point group allows you to validate the copy on the location, redistribute the operating system installer package to the location, or remove the operating system installer package from the location.
Security The Security tab shows you the users who have administrative permissions to the operating system installer object.
Task sequences provide a mechanism to perform a series of tasks on a client computer without any user intervention. Using task sequences, you can deploy operating systems but also distribute software, configure client settings, update drivers, edit user states, and perform other tasks in support of operating system deployment. Task sequences are global data and are available for all Configuration Manager sites in the hierarchy.
You can create four different kinds of task sequences:
Install An Existing Image Package This task sequence will install an existing WIM image to a computer via the normal distribution method, PXE, or media. This option uses a predefined sequence of steps. The steps will take care of wiping or formatting the disk, installing the operating system, installing software updates, installing applications, and setting the user state.
Build And Capture A Reference Operating System Image This task sequence will build and capture a Windows operating system in a new WIM image. You can use this WIM image to deploy to the client computers. This option uses a predefined sequence of steps.
Install An Existing Image Package To A Virtual Hard Drive This task sequence will install an existing image package and shut down the computer. This task sequence is used with the Create Virtual Hard Drive Wizard. The wizard creates a temporary virtual machine, creates the virtual hard disk (VHD), installs task sequence, and saves the virtual hard drive to a defined location. The Create Virtual Hard Drive Wizard is discussed later in this chapter in detail.
Upgrade An Operating System From An Upgrade Package This task sequence will upgrade your current operating system to the one provided in the operating system upgrade package.
Create A New Custom Task Sequence A custom task sequence is an empty task sequence for which you define your own steps.
A task sequence consists of tasks or steps grouped into the following categories:
General In the General category, the following tasks can be configured for the task sequence:
- Run Command Line
- Run PowerShell Script
- Set Dynamic Variables
- Join Domain Or Workgroup
- Connect To Network Folder
- Restart Computer
- Set Task Sequence Variable
- Check Readiness
Software In the Software category, the following tasks can be configured for the task sequence:
- Install Application
- Install Package
- Install Software Updates
- Download Package Content
Disks In the Disks category, the following tasks can be configured for the task sequence:
- Format And Partition Disk
- Convert Disk To Dynamic
- Enable BitLocker
- Disable BitLocker
- Pre-provision BitLocker
User State In the User State category, the following tasks can be configured for the task sequence:
- Request State Store
- Capture User State
- Restore User State
- Release State Store
Images In the Images category, the following tasks can be configured for the task sequence:
- Apply Operating System Image
- Apply Data Image
- Setup Windows And Configuration Manager
- Upgrade Operating System
- Install Deployment Tools
- Prepare Configuration Manager Client For Capture
- Prepare Windows For Capture
- Capture Operating System Image
Drivers In the Drivers category, the following tasks can be configured for the task sequence:
- Auto Apply Drivers
- Apply Driver Package
Settings In the Settings category, the following tasks can be configured for the task sequence:
- Capture Network Settings
- Capture Windows Settings
- Apply Network Settings
- Apply Windows Settings
When you use task sequence media, you can create a CD, DVD, or USB containing the files required for deploying or capturing an operating system with Configuration Manager. You can select the following kinds of media:
Standalone Media Use this type of media to deploy an operating system without network access.
Bootable Media Use this type of media to access the Configuration Manager infrastructure to deploy an operating system across the network.
Capture Media Use this type of media to capture a WIM image of an operating system on a reference computer.
Prestaged Media Use this type of media to create a file for operating system deployment that contains an operating system image and bootable media that can be prestaged on a hard disk.
The driver catalog is the place to store device drivers that need to be added during a Windows deployment or to a boot image. Normally not all the device drivers need to be added, because Windows 10 supports many hardware platforms and devices. When you deploy an operating system, you can include a driver package or let WinPE discover the drivers through WMI.
You can organize your driver structure by adding the drivers for each make and model to folders or categories. This way, you can clean up old drivers in the future.
The driver packages are used to keep the drivers grouped per brand, model, operating system, and/or platform and contain the source of the drivers. These driver packages need to be distributed to the distribution point (groups) in your Configuration Manager hierarchy and can be used in the task sequences.
User device affinity helps you create relationships between users and devices. You create relationships by either adding primary devices to users or adding primary users to devices. When you deploy a new operating system to a device, Configuration Manager will check the user’s collection memberships and pre-deploy the user-targeted applications. The user’s primary device will attempt to install the application that is targeted to the user whether or not the user is logged on as part of the OSD process. When a user logs on for the first time after the installation of the new operating system is finished, all user-targeted apps are available and the user is able to work with the device instantly.
Configuration Manager allows you to create the following relationships:
When you deploy a Windows operating system using the task sequences of Configuration Manager, you need to follow certain steps to be sure that the deployment will succeed. Generally speaking, deploying an operating system involves three major steps: prepare, build and capture, and deploy.
The first step is preparing the Configuration Manager environment so that you can deploy the operating system. Gather the information that you need to create an image of an operating system and deploy it to client computers. Essential information includes the makes and models of the computers and the devices that need drivers. You also need to specify whether you want to add applications to the image.
After your design for the operating system is finished, you need to translate the design into a task sequence that will build and capture your operating system.
The build-and-capture task sequence creates a fully unattended installation of a Windows operating system. Depending on your design, the task sequence can take care of installing the available software updates and, if you like, applications that are part of the common operating environment. Incorporating applications into your WIM image is not a best practice, but there are situations where you’ll want to add some applications to your image.
Another option is to use a reference computer and capture the reference operating system, which is created manually, using a capture media task sequence.
After capturing an operating system image, you can deploy it to one or more computers in your environment. The task sequence that you create can be used for bare-metal deployment or to refresh or upgrade a computer that is a member of an existing Configuration Manager environment. After creating a task sequence to deploy your Windows image, you can change and add tasks to suit your needs. You can also add or change the software updates, installation of applications, disk layout, domain, network settings, and much more.
You need to configure Configuration Manager Current Branch for deploying an operating system image. The first step in preparing for OSD is to configure the Network Access account. Then you need to install and configure the state migration point role and enable the PXE feature on the distribution points. In earlier versions, you had to manually create packages for the Configuration Manager Client and USMT; now, those packages are available by default after the installation of Configuration Manager Current Branch.
The first step is to set up an Active Directory user as the Network Access account. As mentioned in Chapter 7, “Application Deployment,” you are able to create more than one Network Access account to support, for instance, multiple forests. A general rule for those accounts is to give them an easily identifiable name. For example, a domain administrator would create an account called svc-sccm-na (or whatever fits your environment’s naming conventions).
Next, you will need to configure Configuration Manager to use the Network Access account. Take the following steps:
FIGURE 9.2 Software Distribution Component Properties dialog box
The Network Access account must have access to the computer that is deployed and to the content on the distribution points. Normally a Network Access account has permission if it’s a member of the Domain Users Active Directory group.
The next step in preparing Configuration Manager for OSD is to set up a state migration point. The state migration point is used to store user-migrated settings and data during the operating system image deployment. This state migration point is a site system role within Configuration Manager, and it will need to be assigned to a server. Follow these few steps to set up the state migration point role:
FIGURE 9.3 Add Site System Roles Wizard—State Migration Point page
FIGURE 9.4 Designating a storage folder
This allows you to enter the path to use when storing state migration data.
A way to determine the size for your state migration point is to identify the number of deployments that must take place, the average size of the user state, and how long the user state must be stored. Be sure to keep your drive from running out of free space by configuring a minimum free space for the disk where the storage folder is located.
You can change the Deletion Policy setting if you think one day is too long or not long enough until the user data is removed from the state migration point.
Enabling the Restore-Only Mode option will result in the state migration point responding only to restore requests.
This brings up the Wizard Completed page.
To allow Configuration Manager to use OSD for deploying to bare-metal devices, you must configure PXE on the distribution points for which you will need to set up the Network Access account (we showed you how earlier in this chapter). You will also need to ensure that the Configuration Manager client upgrade package has been configured and is ready for deployment, as you also did earlier in this chapter. Finally, ensure that the boot image is set up as a package.
To be able to use PXE on a distribution point site server, you also have to install WDS on that server.
The next stage in preparing Configuration Manager for OSD is to set up PXE support. Configuration Manager no longer has a PXE service point; the PXE feature is embedded in the distribution point role. You need to enable and configure the PXE feature per distribution point.
Follow these few steps to set up the PXE feature:
When you enable the feature, you will see a Review Required Ports For PXE dialog, as shown in Figure 9.5. This dialog informs you that Configuration Manager must have some UDP ports opened on the server.
FIGURE 9.5 Review Required Ports For PXE dialog
FIGURE 9.6 PXE settings page
It will take some time for the PXE feature to successfully install on the system. You can monitor the progress of the installation by checking the distmgr.log and smspxe.log files. WDS will be installed if it is not already present on this system.
The next part of preparing Configuration Manager for OSD is to distribute the boot image package to a distribution point. This boot image is used to start the computer in WinPE for capturing, prior to deploying the operating system image. This procedure, because of the size of the images, will take some time to complete:
You will notice two boot images for various platforms: one for x64—Boot Image (x64)—and the other for x86 devices—Boot Image (x86). For the purpose of this book, we will concentrate on the x86 boot image, but there is basically no difference in configuring one or the other. The images are configured during the installation of Configuration Manager. However, no distribution points are assigned for either of the boot images. You need to add both boot image packages to the distribution points.
It will take some time to copy the boot image package to the distribution point. Do the same for the boot image called Boot Image (x64). Every time you change the boot image, it will be re-created and distributed to the different distribution points.
The last part of preparing Configuration Manager for OSD is enabling both of the boot images to be available for PXE:
FIGURE 9.7 Enable the boot image to boot via PXE.
Configuration Manager will process the change and configure the WDS server to use the boot image from Configuration Manager. Configuration Manager will place the boot image in the <drive>\RemoteInstall\SMSImages folder.
Let’s review the steps briefly for configuring Configuration Manager for OSD:
The next step after preparing Configuration Manager for OSD is to add the source content of the default operating systems.
Adding a source of an operating system that you can use for the build-and-capture process can be done as follows:
Adding a Default install.wim image as an Operating System Image Adding the default image can be done by adding the default install.wim as an operating system image to Configuration Manager. The install.wim file can found in the source of the DVD or ISO that holds the operating system. The Build And Capture Task Sequence Wizard, for instance, lets you select the operating system image directly.
You can add an install.wim file from an operating system source by following these steps:
FIGURE 9.8 Add an install.wim file as an operating system image.
After creating the operating system image package, distribute the package to the distribution points in your hierarchy. By using this method, you can build and capture the following operating systems:
The operating system upgrade packages can be used to upgrade operating systems that you can deploy with Configuration Manager by using the unattended setup. With Configuration Manager and the default boot images, only Windows 10 operating system installers are supported. This operating system upgrade package cannot be used for build-and-capture task sequences.
You can add an operating system upgrade package by following these steps:
FIGURE 9.9 Creating an operating system upgrade package
Now we will show how to create a task sequence that will be used to capture an image of a workstation. A task sequence is a way for Configuration Manager to perform one or more steps or tasks on a client computer without requiring user intervention—a process known as Zero-Touch deployment. A task sequence can consist of a single step or multiple tasks grouped together to perform functions. The tasks can depend on other tasks to complete successfully or be independent of each other.
There are two options for creating task sequences for OSD:
When you enable PXE on the distribution points, you can simply create a build-and-capture task sequence that will take care of the build-and-capture process. Take the following steps to create a task sequence for creating an image:
The local administrator account will be disabled if you do not supply a password. Do not supply a product key if you are building and capturing Windows 7, Windows 8.x, Windows 10, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2012, or Windows Server 2016 images, as shown in Figure 9.10. Supplying a product key while building and capturing will cause the process to fail with exit error 31.
FIGURE 9.10 Define which Windows operating system will be captured.
Be sure to join a workgroup so that no Group Policies are applied while you are building and capturing your reference image.
FIGURE 9.11 Install the Configuration Manager client task.
Supplying the installation properties allows you to install approved software updates via the Software Updates feature while the operating system is part of a workgroup.
Best practice is that you install all software updates that are approved in the Software Updates feature in Configuration Manager.
When deploying, for instance, Windows XP SP3 Embedded (which is still supported), you need to use Sysprep to seal the operating system and make it anonymous before capturing. Windows 7, Windows Server 2008, and higher operating systems have a built-in system preparation tool.
FIGURE 9.12 Captured image path and filename
If you do not want to enable PXE support on your distribution points or you want to capture a custom reference computer, you can also create a build-and-capture task sequence that runs from media. Follow these steps to create a task sequence, using media for creating a capture image:
FIGURE 9.13 Create Task Sequence Media Wizard—Select Media Type page
By selecting Capture Media, you will be creating the capture media that will be used to capture the operating system image.
On the wizard’s Media Type page, shown in Figure 9.14, you can select the type of media to create.
FIGURE 9.14 Create Task Sequence Media Wizard—Media Type page
FIGURE 9.15 Create Task Sequence Media Wizard—Boot Image page
When finished, you can use the USB stick to boot up the computers that you will be using to build your operating system image. If you have selected to create an ISO file, you can now burn that ISO file to a CD and use that CD to boot up the computers in which you will be building your operating system image.
Configuration Manager supports two different ways of capturing an operating system image. You can use the fully automatic way, by using the build-and-capture task sequence, or you can capture a custom reference computer, by using the capture media created earlier.
When building and capturing an operating system image with the specially designed build-and-capture task sequence, you can fully automate the build-and-capture process. This way, you know that the result of a task sequence is always the same, and no user intervention is necessary. To cause less overhead on drivers, building and capturing images is often done with virtual machines.
To be able to use the build-and-capture task sequence created earlier, you must make the task sequence available for deployment, as follows:
Be sure that you create a special collection for building and capturing operating systems. So click OK, as shown in Figure 9.16, if you acknowledge that deploying a task sequence is a potential high-risk deployment and select the collection you want to deploy the build-and-capture task sequence to.
FIGURE 9.16 High-risk deployment warning
Now you need to configure the deployment settings; for Purpose you can select either Available or Required. If you choose Available, you need to press F12 to enter the PXE boot procedure and select the task sequence in the WinPE environment. If you choose Required, the machine will boot into WinPE during the PXE boot procedure. You also need to configure in which scenario the deployment is available.
Only Configuration Manager Clients A task sequence deployment can be made available for Configuration Manager clients only. This means that an operating system with a Configuration Manager client must be active to be able to receive and start the task sequence deployment. This option can be used best in refresh client scenarios.
Configuration Manager Clients, Media And PXE If the task sequence that needs to be deployed must be available in all scenarios, you need to select this option.
Only Media And PXE When a task sequence like the build-and-capture one needs to be available only for media and PXE, then you need to select this option. Another scenario is bare-metal deployment. This is the best option to use with build-and-capture task sequences.
Only Media And PXE (Hidden) When a task sequence like the build-and-capture one needs to be available only for media and PXE, select this option. Another scenario is bare-metal deployment. This is often used for test purposes. To be able to use the hidden deployment, set the SMSTSPreferredAdvertID variable with the AdvertID of the Task Sequence as the value at the collection level where the task sequence is deployed.
Click Next.
FIGURE 9.17 Specify the deployment settings.
After making the build-and-capture task sequence available for deployment, you can go into action and build and capture the image. To begin, shut down your reference computer and be sure that you can boot from the network via PXE. To use the following procedure, be sure that your computer object in Configuration Manager is added to the collection where the task sequence is deployed.
FIGURE 9.18 Selecting the task sequence
After the build-and-capture process, described earlier, has finished, you will have your captured Windows image. The computer will restart in Windows.
The captured WIM image can be used for deployment to the computers in your environment. Be sure to always test your deployment in a test environment.
When creating an image of a reference computer, you need to be aware of a few requirements. First, ensure that the computer is a member of a workgroup instead of a member of the domain. This is a required step; if the reference computer is a member of the domain, you will be required to remove it from the domain to create the image of the operating system of the computer. Second, we recommend removing the Configuration Manager client from the machine. This is not a requirement, just a recommendation and best practice.
FIGURE 9.19 Image Capture Wizard—Image Destination page
As you can see, we copy the WIM file to our site server or any other server that is reachable.
You will now be able to add some information about the image on the Image Information page. You can fill in the Created By, Version, and Description fields for the WIM file.
An Installation Progress window appears, telling you that the Image Capture Wizard is working and running in the background. When the image capture is complete, a System Restart message will appear, and the system will reboot. When the system reboots, it will boot into WinPE and begin capturing the system. This process can be a lengthy one, so be patient while the operating system is being captured.
Once the image capture is complete, you will see the Image Capture Wizard success message, shown in Figure 9.20.
FIGURE 9.20 Image capture success message
Since you’ve now successfully captured an image, you need to add this operating system image to Configuration Manager. Then you have to deploy this image by creating a task sequence and deploy this task sequence to the computers in your environment. Always be sure to thoroughly test the image in a separate test environment before deploying it into production.
The WIM file that you just created must be added as an available operating system for Configuration Manager. To deploy this image, follow this procedure:
This opens the Add Operating System Image Wizard’s Data Source page.
The General page allows you to customize the Name, Version, and Comments fields for the image file.
Next, you need to distribute the image to your distribution points.
Now you will need to create a task sequence for deploying the Windows operating system image. Creating a task sequence will give Configuration Manager a series of steps to perform on the new installation of the workstation:
This will open the New Task Sequence Wizard’s Create A New Task Sequence page.
This opens the New Task Sequence Wizard’s Task Sequence Information page.
The Install Windows page, shown in Figure 9.21, allows you to specify the Configuration Manager image package containing the operating system you want to install.
FIGURE 9.21 Create Task Sequence Wizard—Install Windows page
If you select to join a domain, you can specify which organizational unit (OU) in which to put the computer once it joins the domain. If you select to join a domain, you will need to specify the account that has permission to join computers to a domain. Create a different account to join the computer to the domain; do not use the Network Access Account for this. You must delegate this access to the user account. Verify the account by testing the connection after configuring the account.
Now all the work you did earlier will finally be put to use.
The Create Task Sequence Wizard page that appears is State Migration, shown in Figure 9.22, which allows you to configure the user state migration capture.
FIGURE 9.22 Create Task Sequence Wizard—State Migration page
After you’ve configured the state migration, the Include Updates page will appear, which allows you to specify whether the client will get mandatory, all, or no software updates after the image has been installed.
Now you have the option to install additional applications by adding the configured applications to the task sequence. This is extremely useful if you have a large number of applications you want installed on each system after the operating system has been installed. Figure 9.23 shows the Install Applications page, where you can specify the additional applications.
FIGURE 9.23 Create Task Sequence Wizard—Install Applications page
You have now successfully created a new task sequence to install a new operating system on a machine, join the system to the domain, and install the Configuration Manager client on the machine once it comes online. However, the task sequence won’t do you any good unless you deploy it to a collection. Take the following steps to create a task sequence for the refresh scenario:
The next wizard page is Deployment Settings, shown in Figure 9.24.
FIGURE 9.24 Deploy Software Wizard—Deployment Settings page
Choosing the Required option enables you to send wake-up packets to the computers in the collection. Of course, you need to first configure Wake On LAN support in Configuration Manager. The task sequence you are creating is used to refresh your Windows installation, so you will be making the deployment available only for Configuration Manager clients.
The next step is to configure the scheduling options for the deployment.
If you do not set this option, the deployment will rerun as soon the deployment is finished, thereby creating a deployment loop.
We prefer to show the task sequence progress to let the end user know that the computer is being reloaded.
Now you have created the deployment for the operating system deployment, and any system in the collection you specified will get the new deployment during the next policy refresh. Once the policy refresh takes place, the workstation will receive the Assigned Program About To Run notification. Once the installation begins, you will see the progress message box in Windows, as shown in Figure 9.25.
FIGURE 9.25 Installation progress message box
The system will automatically reboot and then begin the boot to WinPE, as shown in Figure 9.26.
FIGURE 9.26 Booting to WinPE
The installation will take some time to complete. During this install, Configuration Manager is gathering the user state and saving the date in the USMT folder on the site server, which you configured earlier in this chapter. You can monitor the <drive>:\USMTData folder on the site server to see the user state migration data being copied to the server.
Configuration Manager will push the new operating system down to the new machine and then join it to the domain, install the Configuration Manager client, and finally copy back all the user data on the client.
You can monitor the progress of the operating system deployment in the Deployment Status window, shown in Figure 9.27.
FIGURE 9.27 Monitoring the OSD deployment status
FIGURE 9.28 Review the task sequence steps in the Asset Message dialog screen.
With the introduction of Windows 10, a new task sequence has been introduced to streamline the upgrade process from older operating systems to Windows 10. So when do you need this upgrade task sequence?
Perform the following tasks to prepare the Upgrade Task Sequence for Windows 10:
FIGURE 9.29 Select an operating system upgrade package.
Now you have the option to install additional applications by adding the configured applications to the task sequence. This is extremely useful if you have a large number of applications you want installed on each system after the operating system has been installed.
After deploying an operating system in a refresh scenario, you also need to create a task sequence and deployment to be able to deploy an operating system to bare-metal computers. Bare-metal computers are computers without any operating system present.
To deploy an operating system to a bare-metal computer, you can use a CD or DVD to boot into WinPE, but you can also boot into PXE to start the WinPE image from the network. Let’s see how this works with PXE. To be able to deploy an operating system to a bare-metal computer, you need to perform the following tasks:
Now you are ready to set up a computer association so that Configuration Manager can identify the bare-metal machines that will receive a fresh install. You can also use the unknown computer support, which is discussed later in this chapter. To specify the computer association, open the Configuration Manager console and proceed as follows:
This will allow you to import a single computer or import many systems from a comma-separated values (CSV) file.
This will bring up the Single Computer page, as shown in Figure 9.30.
FIGURE 9.30 Import Computer Information Wizard—Single Computer page
You must enter the computer name along with either the MAC address or the System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) GUID. The computer name is just how the machine will appear in the collections, not what the actual computer will be named.
You’ll then see the Choose Target Collection page.
It is extremely important to put all the bare-metal installs into the same collection, used only for bare-metal deployment.
When you deploy a bare-metal machine, it is wise to create a dedicated task sequence for this purpose. Once you create this special task sequence, you need to deploy it to a special collection in which you can place the bare-metal computers.
Creating a task sequence for deploying an image to a new machine is straightforward:
This opens the Create New Task Sequence page of the New Task Sequence Wizard.
The next options you can configure are the network settings.
A Configuration Manager task sequence will allow you to install the Configuration Manager client during an operating system deployment.
FIGURE 9.31 Create Task Sequence Wizard—State Migration page
On the Include Updates page, you can now allow Configuration Manager to include software updates during the install.
On the Install Applications page, you can add applications, such as Microsoft Office, that you want to install on the machine after the operating system has been deployed.
After creating the task sequence for bare-metal deployment, you need to deploy this task sequence, as discussed earlier. Be sure to select that the task sequence is available to only media and PXE.
Now you have configured one package to perform Windows upgrades and another package to install that same Windows install package onto a bare-metal system. But what happens if you get a new system with a completely new setup, including device drivers that are not installed within the current package, so that when the machine comes online it will not be able to attach to the network?
Microsoft has provided the ability to import device drivers into Configuration Manager and add them to the boot images or driver packages so they can be installed as part of the operating system deployment task. To import Windows device drivers, take the following steps:
This opens the Locate Driver page, shown in Figure 9.32.
FIGURE 9.32 Import New Driver Wizard—Locate Driver page
FIGURE 9.33 Import New Driver Wizard—Add Driver To Packages page
FIGURE 9.34 Adding drivers to boot images
Now Configuration Manager will inject that driver package into the packages and boot images you selected. This could take some time to process.
As discussed earlier, user device affinity enables you to deploy user-targeted applications during the operating system deployment process. There are several ways to configure user device affinity. Let’s look at the following options:
To manually configure a primary user for a device, follow this procedure:
FIGURE 9.35 Searching for and selecting the primary user
To manually configure a primary device for a user, follow these steps:
With Configuration Manager you can also create the user device affinity automatically. Creating the affinity automatically is based on thresholds configured in the client settings. You can also configure the collecting of audit account logon and audit logon events on the client by, for instance, implementing a GPO. (See https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/mt629338.aspx for more information.) Configuring the client settings to create user device affinities is described here:
FIGURE 9.36 Configuring client device settings
User Device Affinity Usage Threshold (Minutes) Configure the number of minutes of usage by a user before a user device affinity is created.
User Device Affinity Usage Threshold (Days) Configure the number of days Configuration Manager will measure the usage of the device. For example, if User Device Affinity Usage Threshold (Minutes) is configured with a value of 120 minutes and User Device Affinity Usage Threshold (Days) is set to 14 days, the user must use the device for 120 minutes over a period of 14 days before the user device affinity is created.
Automatically Configure User Device Affinity From Usage Data Enable the feature by setting the value to Yes, or disable the feature by setting the value to No.
If you have the information from your client computers and primary users in a CSV file, you can import the user device affinity information to Configuration Manager.
FIGURE 9.37 Checking the column mapping
Another option is to configure the Configuration Manager site to let the users define their own user device affinities. This is done as follows:
From now on, the users can configure their user device affinity by selecting the I Regularly Use This Computer To Do My Work option in the My Devices tab of the Application Catalog website.
After configuring user device affinity for a client computer, the applications that are targeted to the primary user are pre-deployed automatically during deployment of the OS. While deploying the application to a user, set Purpose to Required, as shown in Figure 9.38. You will find more information about deploying applications in Chapter 5, “Client Installation.”
FIGURE 9.38 Configuring deployment settings
The Microsoft Deployment Toolkit 2013 is a solution accelerator that can be integrated with Configuration Manager. The integration gives you the ability to smooth your deployment process with the scripts that come with the MDT. Let’s configure the MDT integration and see what it offers us when deploying operating systems.
The MDT includes extra deployment scenarios that are built with the Task Sequence Wizard:
Client Replace Scenario (Client Replace Task Sequence) This scenario enables you to capture the user state from an old client computer and place it on the new client computer while deploying the new operating system.
Server Deployment Scenario (Server Task Sequence) This scenario allows you to deploy Windows-based servers and their roles.
User-Driven Installation Scenario (User Driven Installation Replace Task Sequence) This scenario allows your users to use the simple User Driven Installation (UDI) Wizard to initiate and customize an OS deployment on their PCs that’s tailored to their individual needs.
The MDT Task Sequence wizard allows you to use the built-in MDT task sequence templates within SCCM. Using the wizard, you are also allowed to create supporting packages from MDT to use in your task MDT task sequences (and SCCM task sequences) such as MDT boot images, the MDT Toolkit package, the MDT Settings package, and the User State Migration package. This section describes the client replace scenario.
The MDT is a free tool that you can download from the Microsoft Download site. Install the MicrosoftDeploymentToolkit2013_x64.msi or MicrosoftDeploymentToolkit2013_x86.msi file on your site system. It’s a straightforward Next, Accept License Agreement, Next, Next, Next, Install, Finish installation. You need to install the MDT on every site server that you want to integrate with. Part of the integration is installing the extensions to the consoles.
To be able to use the deployment intelligence of the MDT in Configuration Manager, you need to integrate the MDT with Configuration Manager. This is done by following these steps:
FIGURE 9.39 Configuring the integration
This is an optional step since more and more extras of the MDT are moving to native Configuration Manager features. Follow the next steps to re-create the MDT boot images. You can also create a boot image with the MDT integration features while creating a new MDT task sequence. Create a boot image for both x86 and x64 platforms.
FIGURE 9.40 Configure the platform and scratch space.
After creating the optional MDT boot images, you need to create a task sequence that you can use to deploy the operating system. In this example we will use the client replace scenario, which consists of two task sequences: the Client Replace task sequence and one based on the new computer scenario. The new computer scenario is like the bare-metal scenario, but we also use the User State Migration Toolkit to bring back the user state.
The first time you create an MDT task sequence, you will need to create a Microsoft Deployment Toolkit Files package.
FIGURE 9.41 Create a new Microsoft Deployment Toolkit Files package.
The next time you create an MDT task sequence, you can select the MDT package. This package holds a lot of useful scripts that allows you to create a Zero-Touch OSD experience.
After creating the Client Replace task sequence, you will need to create a task sequence based on the new computer scenario.
FIGURE 9.42 Select or create the operating system image you want to deploy.
The next step in creating a replace scenario for a computer is creating a computer association. This way, the USMT knows where to place the user state after installing the new computer.
This will allow you to enter a single computer or import many systems from a comma-separated values (CSV) file.
You must enter the computer name along with either the MAC address or the SMBIOS GUID. The computer name is just how the machine will appear in the collections, not what the actual computer will be named.
This creates an association with the old computer, and the USMT knows where to get the user state.
It is extremely valuable to put all the new computer installs into the same collection, which is used exclusively for new computer deployment.
Next, you need to deploy the task sequences you just have created. The Client Replace task sequence must be deployed to a collection that is especially created for the old client computers. Then you need to deploy the New Computer task sequence to the collection that was specially created for the new computers. The deployment must support booting from PXE, as you learned in the “Deploying the Task Sequence” section earlier in this chapter.
With Configuration Manager, you can deploy your images to a virtual hard drive (VHD) that can be maintained by Configuration Manager and uploaded to a System Center 2012 R2 Virtual Machine Manager library. This is another example of the fact that Configuration Manager can be used to service the datacenter.
Deploying a VHD is done in two steps:
To be able to install an existing reference operation system image to a VHD, you need to create a special task sequence:
If you select to join a domain, you can specify which OU to put the computer in once it joins the domain. You also will need to specify the account that has permission to join computers to a domain. The Configuration Manager Network Access account is often used to join the computer to the domain. You need to delegate this access to the user account. Verify the account by testing the connection after configuring the account.
The next step is creating the actual VHD. To do this, you need to run the Create Virtual Hard Drive Wizard from the Configuration Manager console on a machine with the Hyper-V Role and Management console installed.
FIGURE 9.43 Specifying general information for the VHD
FIGURE 9.44 VHD creation process
In the backend, a virtual machine with the VHD is created in Hyper-V and the task sequence is started in this virtual machine (VM). The VM that it creates has a random name, as shown in Figure 9.45.
FIGURE 9.45 The created virtual machine in Hyper-V
After the task sequence is finished, the VM will be deleted and the VHD file will be stored in the share that you have defined.
Now that you have a deployed VHD in your Configuration Manager environment, you want to do something with it. There are several options; you can use it as an existing VHD in Hyper-V when creating a virtual machine manually or upload it in the System Center 2012 R2 Virtual Machine Manager library. Uploading the VHD is done as follows:
You can also modify the VHD from the Configuration Manager console. For instance, here you can change the task sequence:
FIGURE 9.46 Modifying the VHD
In Configuration Manager 2007 you needed a tool called Deployment Image Servicing and Management (DISM)—a command-line tool used to maintain and update your images offline. Since Configuration Manager 2012 you have the ability to update your operating system images from the console. This feature uses the software update point and software update deployments that you configured earlier. Follow these steps if you want to update a WIM image:
FIGURE 9.47 Select the updates that you want to install.
The process of updating the Windows image can take a while; you can view the status of the process in the Scheduled Update Status column in the Configuration Manager console. Once the update is finished, you can see the installed updates in the console, as shown in Figure 9.48.
FIGURE 9.48 View the installed updates in the Windows image.
Besides installing software updates offline to operating system images, you can also schedule the installation of updates to VHDs. The Schedule Updates wizard will walk you through the process. Only updates that are deployed and downloaded can be used to service the image.
When you browse to the User State Migration node in the Assets And Compliance workspace, as shown in Figure 9.49, you can manage computer associations. In this workspace you can create new computer associations, as mentioned earlier; see recovery information; find information about the user state migration; or specify the user accounts.
FIGURE 9.49 Managing the user state
Specifying the user accounts is done as follows:
From this view you can also create computer associations when, for instance, migrating user state data from one computer to an existing computer that is being reinstalled.
The release model of Windows 10 has been altered to continuously deliver upgrades and features instead of a major new version every 4 years. Microsoft is planning to release a major update more than once a year. To be able to cope with the rapid release cycle of Windows 10, Configuration Manager supports the new Windows 10 Servicing model. Read more about the Windows as a Service (WAAS) model here: https://ref.ms/waas.
The new Windows 10 Servicing node of the Software Library workspace in the Configuration Manager console consists of a dashboard, the All Windows 10 Updates node, and a Servicing Plan node. The dashboard shows the state of your Windows 10 versions in your environment. Figure 9.50 shows part of the dashboard. On this screen you’ll find these sections:
FIGURE 9.50 Windows 10 Servicing dashboard, part 1
Windows 10 Usage Shows a pie chart with the Windows 10 versions that are used and the number of devices that have those versions.
Windows 10 Rings Shows a pie chart with the active Windows 10 Servicing Rings. The rings can be the following branches: Release Ready (Current Branch), Business Ready (Current Branch for Business), and Long-Term Servicing Branch. Read more about the branches here: https://ref.ms/waas.
Alerts Shows alerts related to Windows 10 servicing.
Expired This shows the percentage of expired Windows 10 versions that are still active in your environment.
Expire Soon This shows the percentage of Windows 10 versions that are going to be expiring soon that are still active in your environment.
The second part of the dashboard, shown in Figure 9.51, shows the support cycle of the versions that are known and the period in which the Windows 10 versions are still supported.
FIGURE 9.51 Windows 10 Servicing Dashboard, part 2
In the middle of the dashboard you can see the servicing plans that have been created. Servicing plans are automatic deployment rules that are used with the Software Updates feature, discussed in Chapter 8, “Software Updates.”
The servicing plans can be used to upgrade your Windows 10 devices to the latest branch. You can create a schedule and manage the process through maintenance windows, just as you would software updates. To create a servicing plan, follow these steps:
FIGURE 9.52 Specifying the deployment ring
After selecting the readiness state, configure the days that need to be waited until Configuration Manager is going to deploy the released version. Click Next.
FIGURE 9.53 Selecting the property filters and search criteria
The servicing plan will now run on the configured schedule.
In addition to the Software Updates node, an All Windows 10 Updates node has been added under the Windows 10 Servicing node. From here you can deploy individual feature updates for Windows 10 to device collections, as described in Chapter 8.
Specify a Network Access account. The Network Access account is the account Configuration Manager will use to access the system while running WinPE.
Master It How do you specify the Network Access account?
Enable PXE support. PXE support in Configuration Manager is used to begin the operating system deployment process. The PXE feature responds to Configuration Manager clients making PXE boot requests.
Master It How do you set up PXE support?
Update the driver catalog package. The driver catalog allows you to add drivers to the already created packages and images you have within your organization so you are not constantly re-creating your images when you get a new machine in your environment.
Master It How do you update the driver catalog package?
Update an image from the console. In the past it was a big issue to keep your images up to date; no easy procedure existed. Configuration Manager now includes a feature called Schedule Updates that updates your Windows images.
Master It How do you easily update your Windows images?
Support Windows 10. You can support Windows 10 by using the traditional way of OSD or by using the new Windows 10 Servicing features.
Master It How can you support Windows 10?