Index

• Aaron, Abe (pseud. Tom Butler), 90

• Aaron, Daniel, 3, 324, 338 (n. 42);

  • Writers on the Left, 3, 4, 179

• Abraham Lincoln Brigade, 285

• Abraham Lincoln School, 270

• Abramson, Doris, 359 (n. 93)

• Adams, Leonie, 256

• Adler, Nathan, 63, 207, 208, 216

• African American Music, 291

• African Americans and the Left, 54, 80–95, 263–97, 312–16

• African Blood Brotherhood, 80

• Afro-Marxist cosmopolitanism, xiv, 81, 89, 95

• Agee, James, 28, 132

• Alexander, Sidney, 132

• Algonquin Wits, 16

• Algren, Nelson (born Nelson Abraham), 68, 272

• Allen, James S. (born Sol Auerbach), 175;

  • biographical note on, 386 (n. 49);

  • The Negro Question, 278;

  • The Negro in a Soviet America, 278

• Alston, Christopher, 95

• Amado, Jorge, 69

• American Caravan, 26, 52, 200

• American Committee for Cultural Freedom, 74

• American League Against War and Fascism, 168

• American Stuff, 14, 276, 285

• American Writers Congress, 254, 263;

  • First, 77, 98, 234, 258–59, 265;

  • Second, 6, 82, 124, 187, 259, 264;

  • Third, 22, 259, 266;

  • Fourth, 20, 259, 266, 270

• American Youth for Democracy, 270

• Amter, Israel, 185

• Anarchism, 26

• Anderson, Maxwell, 230, 231

• Anticommunism, xvi

• Antifascism, xiii, 16, 124, 240, 244, 261, 284

• Anti-racism, 16

• Anti-Semitism, 77, 175, 239, 265, 301

• Anti-Vietnam war movement, 5

• Anvil, 286, 316

• Apollinaire, Guilaume, 205, 206, 322

• Appel, Benjamin, 276

• Aptheker, Herbert (pseud. H. Biel), 17, 270, 283, 357 (n. 73), 370 (n. 37), 385 (n. 27)

• Aragon, Louis, 196

• Arens, Egmont, 10

• Aronson, James, 171

• Art Front, 133

• Aseev, Nikolai, 44

• Attaway, Ruth, 283

• Attaway, William, 275, 287;

  • “Tale of the Blackamoor,” 281;

  • biographical sketch of, 281–83;

  • Let Me Breathe Thunder, 282;

  • Blood on the Forge, 282, 88, 289, 292–94;

  • “Death of a Rag Doll,” 282–83;

  • Calypso Song Book, 283;

  • Hear America Singing, 283;

  • Tough Kid, 283

• Auden, W. H., 95, 307, 318

• “Auden School,” 33–34, 131

• Auerbach, Leopold, 66

• Avant-garde, xiv, xvi, 7, 11, 299–325

• Babb, Sanora, 288

• Bacon, Leonard, 230

• Baker, Houston A., Jr., 312, 356 (n. 51), 390 (n. 31)

• Barnard, Rita, 334 (n. 1)

• Basshe, Emjo, 342 (n. 12)

• Baxandall, Lee, 111

• Baxandall, Rosalyn, 383 (n. 85)

• Beat culture, 9, 43, 45, 74, 203

• Belafonte, Harry, 283

• Benét, Stephen Vincent, 242

• Benjamin, Walter, xiv, 73;

  • “Theses on the Philosophy of History,” 34, 305

• Bennett, Gwendolyn, 279–80

• Bergman, Alexander (born Alexander Frankel): They Look Like Men, 244

• Berman, Paul, 344 (n. 25)

• Bernstein, Ailene, 259

• Berry, Faith, 357 (n. 72)

• Biberman, Herbert, 5

• Bisexuals. See Gays, Lesbians, Bisexuals, and the Left

• Black, Helen, 59, 64–65

• Blacklist, 28, 98, 171. See also Hollywood; McCarthyism

• Black Marxism/black radicalism, xiv, 7, 263–97

• Blake, Casey Nelson, 338 (n. 42)

• Bland, Edward, 267;

  • “Racial Bias and Negro Verse,” 267

• Blankfort, Michael, 53

• Bloom, Harold: The Anxiety of Influence, 200

• Bloom, James, 344 (n. 25)

• Bodenheim, Maxwell (born Maxwell Bodenheimer), 132

• Bogan, Louise, 230

• Bonosky, Phillip, 69

• Bontemps, Arna, 272, 274, 285, 286;

  • St. Louis Woman, 83, 268;

  • biographical sketch of, 267–69;

  • God Sends Sunday, 268;

  • “The Return,” 268;

  • Black Thunder, 264, 268, 269, 275, 289, 296;

  • American Negro Poetry, 268;

  • Book of Negro Folklore, 268;

  • Drums at Dusk, 268;

  • Free and Easy, 268;

  • Great Slave Narratives, 268;

  • Personals, 268;

  • Poetry of the Negro, 268;

  • The Harlem Renaissance Remembered, 268;

  • The Old South, 268

• Book Find Club, 354 (n. 39)

• Botkin, Benjamin, 281

• Bourdieu, Pierre, xvi, 331 (n. 4)

• Bowles, Paul, 213

• Braden, Carl, 32

• Bragin, Moe (pseud. Ben Field), 206;

  • The Cock’s Funeral, 79

• Brecht, Bertolt, 195, 196, 215, 320, 325

• Brewster, Dorothy, 259, 283

• Bridges, Harry, 303

• Briggs, Cyril, 80

• Brinnin, John Malcolm (pseud. Isaac Gerneth), 319;

  • “The Social Poet,” 306;

  • biographical sketch of, 306–9;

  • Dylan Thomas in America, 307;

  • Modern Poetry, 307;

  • No Arch, No Triumph, 307;

  • The Garden Is Political, 307;

  • The Lincoln Lyrics, 307;

  • “Cadillac Square,” 308;

  • “For a Young Poet,” 308

• Brodsky, Joseph, 166

• Brooks, Gwendolyn, 267, 270

• Brooks, Van Wyck, 52, 230

• Broun, Heywood, 65

• Browder, Bill, 181, 185

• Browder, Earl, and Browderism, 2, 49, 67, 77, 82, 108, 109, 121, 124, 167, 181, 187, 188, 189, 270, 272, 284, 288, 324

• Brown, John, 54, 87, 93, 306, 323

• Brown, Lloyd, 90, 175

• Brown, Sterling, 27, 259, 263, 264, 265, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 283, 288, 296, 97;

  • “No Hiding Place,” 289;

  • “Old Lem,” 290;

  • “Slim in Hell,” 290;

  • “Strong Men,” 290;

  • “Sharecroppers,” 294;

  • “Scotty has His Say,” 312;

  • “Southern Road,” 313

• Browne, Theodore, 93

• Buhle, Mary Jo, 336 (n. 24)

• Buhle, Paul, 331 (n. 5), 335 (n. 24)

• Bunche, Ralph, 85, 281, 288

• Burgum, Edwin Berry, 33;

  • “Three English Radical Poets,” 33–34

• Burke, Fielding. See Olive Tilford Dargon

• Burke, Kenneth, 6;

  • Attitudes Toward History, 127

• Burliuk, David, 44, 55

• Burnshaw, Stanley (pseud. Jeremiah Kelley), 34, 63, 71, 75, 112, 120, 121, 130, 185, 316;

  • “Turmoil on Middle Ground,” 107, 114;

  • Caged in an Animal’s Mind, 112;

  • The Refusers, 112;

  • biographical portrait of, 112–19;

  • André Spire and his Poetry, 113;

  • Iron Land, 115;

  • “I, Jim Rogers,” 115–17;

  • Early and Late Testament, 117;

  • The Revolt of the Cats in Paradise, 117;

  • The Sunless Sea, 117;

  • The Poem Itself, 117;

  • The Seamless Web, 117;

  • “The Bridge,” 118;

  • “Fifth Testament,” 118;

  • Early and Late Testament, 118

• Burroughs, Margaret, 270

• Bynner, Witter, 230

• Byron, Lord, 10, 191

• Cacchione, Pete, 53

• Caldwell, Erskine, 278

• California Labor School, 303

• Calmer, Alan (born Abraham Klein), 79, 187, 338 (n. 44);

  • Salud!, 14, 255, 307;

  • Get Organized, 14, 280, 294, 308;

  • biographical sketch of, 354 (n. 40)

• Calverton, Victor Francis. See George Goetz

• Camp Unity, 61, 215

• Carman, Bryan, 341 (n. 76)

• Carmon, Walt, 103, 105, 108, 109, 110, 119, 316

• Cerf, Bennett, 77

• Chamberlain, John, 77

• Chambers, Whittaker, 109, 207;

  • “You Can Make Out Their Voices,” 104

• Chametzsky, Jules, 374 (n. 2)

• Chaplin, Ralph, 18, 336 (n. 23);

  • “To France,” 23

• Cheyney, Ralph, “Poetry and Revolution,” 27

• Chrisman, Robert, 341 (n. 71), 359 (n. 94)

• Civil Rights movement, 9

• Clark, Eleanor, 130, 255

• Clark, Thomas Curtis: Poems of Justice, 18

• Class, 7. See also Proletarian Literature

• Cockburn, Claude, 381 (n. 64)

• Cohen, Elliot, 324

• Cold War. See McCarthyism

• Committee for the Negro in the Arts, 74

• Comrade, 18

• Communist, 167, 171, 175

• Communist International (Comintern), 13, 82, 111, 168, 189

• Communist International, 89

• Communist Party (USA): xv, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 25, 35, 39, 45, 48, 54, 56, 57, 60, 65, 67, 72–83 passim, 89, 90, 91, 92, 95–102, 103, 108, 110, 177, 183, 185, 186, 212, 213, 215, 216, 217, 241, 244, 245, 248, 252, 267–89 passim, 302, 303, 311, 317, 318

• Communist Political Association, 100

• Conrad, Earl, 279

• Conroy, Jack, 5, 6, 27, 29, 33, 103, 194, 269, 272, 286

• Contemporary Writers, 74

• Cooper, Wayne, 356 (n. 49)

• Copland, Aaron, 215

• Corey, Paul, 235–6;

  • Acres of Antaeus, 236;

  • County Seat, 236;

  • The Road Returns, 236;

  • Three Miles Square, 236

• Corso, Gregory, 42, 49

• Coser, Lewis, 65

• Council Communism, 3

• Council on African Affairs, 287

• Cowley, Malcolm, 130, 135, 187, 213

• Crane, Hart, 195, 215, 217, 226, 318

• Crane, Stephen, 27

• Crichton, Kyle (pseud. Robert Forsythe), 129–30, 134, 135

• Criticism, literary. See Literary criticism

• Critics Group, 187

• Croft, Andy, 381 (n. 64)

• Crosby, Harry, 27

• Cruden, Robert (pseud. James Steele): Conveyor, 79

• Crusader, 80

• Cullen, Countee, 263, 271, 274, 280, 285, 290;

  • biographical sketch of, 83;

  • Color, 83;

  • Copper Sun, 83;

  • One Way to Heaven, 83;

  • St. Louis Woman, 83;

  • The Ballad of a Brown Girl, 83;

  • The Black Christ, 83;

  • The Medea, 83

• Cultural and Scientific Conference for World Peace, 22

• Cummings, Edward Estlin, 10, 307

• Cunard, Nancy: Negro, 294

• Dadism, 34

• Dahlberg, Edward, 64, 127, 192, 206

• Daily Worker, 9, 19, 44, 51, 59, 60, 63, 64, 68, 69, 70, 72, 78, 84, 91, 98, 103, 172, 180, 208, 216, 282, 311, 316

• Dargan, Olive Tilford (pseud. Fielding Burke), 95, 166, 167, 168, 256

• Davidman, Joy (born Helen Joy Davidman, pseud. Nell Tulchin), 20, 255, 259, 307;

  • War Poems, 14, 243, 255;

  • biographical portrait of, 238–52;

  • “Fairy Tale,” 240;

  • “Resurrection,” 241;

  • “Waltzing Mouse,” 241;

  • “Apostate,” 242;

  • Letter to a Comrade, 242, 243, 249;

  • Anya, 242–43, 249;

  • Weeping Bay, 247;

  • “Letter to a Comrade,” 249;

  • “Prayer Against Indifference,” 249;

  • “The Prisoner in the Ivory Tower,” 249;

  • “This Woman,” 249;

  • “Twentieth Century Americanism,” 249;

  • “Jewess to Aryan,” 250;

  • “Obsession,” 250;

  • “Skeleton,” 250;

  • “End of a Revolution,” 250–51;

  • “Prayer Against Barrenness,” 251;

  • “Prothalamion,” 251

• Davis, Benjamin, Jr., 69, 218, 270, 271, 273, 287

• Davis, Frank Marshall, 264, 267, 276, 277, 285, 289;

  • Black Man’s Verse, 269–70;

  • biographical sketch of, 269–71;

  • I Am the American Negro, 270;

  • 47th Street, 270;

  • Through Sepia Eyes, 270;

  • “Arthur Ridge-wood, MD,” 290;

  • “Giles Johnson, Ph.D.,” 290;

  • “Robert Whitmore,” 290

• Davis, Hope Hale, 254;

  • biographical note on, 381 (n. 64)

• Davis, Robert, 267, 276, 278

• Davis, Robert Gorham (pseud. Obed Brooks), 302

• Day, Dorothy, 40

• Day Lewis, C., 35;

  • The Magnetic Mountain, 34

• de Beauvoir, Simone, 92

• Debs, Eugene, 98

• de Ford, Miriam Allen, 256

• Dell, Floyd, 10, 15, 55, 72, 189, 191, 232

• Denning, Michael, 322, 331 (n. 1)

• Dennis, Eugene, 178

• Dewey, John, 1, 85

• Dickinson, Emily, 23, 125

• Dickstein, Morris, 344 (n. 25)

• Direction, 287

• Dixler, Elsa, 383 (n. 85)

• Dodd, Martha, 259

• Dodson, Owen, 264, 275, 276

• Don, Sam, 167

• Dorsett, Lyle, 379 (n. 23)

• Dos Passos, John, 1, 52, 55, 67, 124, 132, 195, 310;

  • Most Likely to Succeed, 64;

  • Manhattan Transfer, 66

• Dostoyevski, Fyodor, 44

• Draper, Theodore, 353 (n. 25)

• Dreiser, Theodore, 51, 55, 77, 98, 353 (n. 27)

• Du Bois, W. E. B., 83, 86, 90, 264

• Du Bois, Shirley Graham. See Graham, Shirley

• Duncan, Isadora, 128

• Dunbar, Paul Laurence, 88, 264, 271

• Dupee, F. W., 122

• Durant, Kenneth, 181, 231;

  • biographical sketch of, 232

• Durem, Ray, 285–86;

  • Take No Prisoners, 286

• Dynamo, 203, 206, 208–10, 213, 305, 316, 319

• Eastman, Max, 16, 18, 55, 67, 82, 113, 170, 183, 231, 324;

  • Artists in Uniform, 186

• Eberhart, Richard, 128

• Elective affinity, xiv, 72, 80, 95, 112

• Eliot, T. S., 10, 21, 62, 128, 193, 194, 195, 197, 198, 217, 226, 253, 301, 307, 311, 320;

  • “Gerontion,” 196–97;

  • “Burial of the Dead,” 198;

  • The Waste Land, 198, 204;

  • “What the Thunder Said,” 204, 222;

  • “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,” 199, 204–5;

  • “Tradition and the Individual Talent,” 238

• Ellison, Ralph, 92, 94, 132, 206, 259, 266–67, 276, 278, 283, 284, 285;

  • biographical sketch of, 286–89;

  • “Hymie’s Bull,” 287;

  • Invisible Man, 289, 294;

  • “The Black Ball,” 296–97;

  • and Communist Party, 387 (n. 73)

• Eluard, Paul, 43

• Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 37

• Endore, Guy (born Samuel Goldstein): biographical portrait of, 1–6;

  • Methinks the Lady, 2, 5;

  • The Werewolf of Paris, 2, 6;

  • King of Paris, 3;

  • Synanon, 3;

  • The Crime at Scottsboro, 3;

  • The Sleepy Lagoon Mystery, 3;

  • The Story of G. I. Joe, 3;

  • Babouk, 4, 263;

  • “History of Human Skill,” 5;

  • “The Gordon Family,” 5

• Engels, Frederick, 1, 77

• Fabre, Michel, 357 (n. 76)

• Falkowski, Ed, 40

• Farrell, James T., 91, 124, 316;

  • Judgment Day, 319;

  • A Note on Literary Criticism, 184–5

• Fascism, 12, 73, 123, 318, 319

• Fast, Howard (pseud. E. V. Cunningham), 98, 170, 187;

  • Spartacus, 168

• Faulkner, 54, 55

• Fauset, Jessie, 264, 280, 285;

  • Comedy American Style, 280;

  • The Chinaberry Tree, 280

• Fearing, Kenneth, 9–11, 132, 210, 213, 216, 222, 226, 227, 318, 320, 321, 323

• Federal Theater Project, 93

• Federal Writers Project, 91, 94, 104, 132, 203, 206, 215, 268, 271, 272, 273, 276, 281, 285, 289

• Feminism, 7, 234, 251, 252, 261, 304, 322. See also Gender; Women and the Left

• Ferlinghetti, Lawrence, 43

• Field, Ben. See Moe Bragin

• Field, Sara Bard, 25, 67, 232, 337 (n. 39)

• Fighting Words, 254

• Filreis, Alan, 351 (n. 17), 365 (n. 43)

• Finkelstein, Sidney, 175;

  • How Music Explains Ideas, 175 Jazz: A People’s Music, 279

• Fischer, Marjorie, 259

• Fishbein, Leslie, 338 (n. 42)

• Flanagan, Hallie, 93, 301

• Flexner, Eleanor, 132, 259

• Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley, 48, 49, 253

• Flores, Angel, 187, 373 (n. 111)

• Foley, Barbara, 350 (n. 7), 353 (n. 29), 387 (n. 74)

• Folk Music, 4

• Folsom, Franklin, 78, 169, 170, 183, 190

• Folsom, Michael, 338 (n. 42), 343 (n. 25)

• Foner, Philip, 279

• Force fields, xiv, xvi, 7, 72, 74, 135, 316

• Ford, James, 80, 92, 278, 294

• Forsythe, Robert. See Crichton, Kyle

• Foster, William Z., 4, 13, 92, 99, 178, 288;

  • “The Fascist Phase of Imperialism,” 173

• Fox, Ralph: The Novel and the People, 127

• Fraden, Rena, 359 (n. 76)

• Frank, Joseph, 32

• Frank, Waldo, 180

• Frazier, E. Franklin, 281, 288

• Freedom, 81

• Freedomways, 81, 86

• Freeman, Harry, 10, 181, 183, 190

• Freeman, Joseph (born Yosef Yehuda Arye ben Yitzhak Aaron Halevy, pseud. J. F. Evans), 3–4, 7, 9–12, 15, 42, 63, 66, 70, 72, 74, 75, 78, 108, 109, 110, 111, 115, 119, 124, 132, 178–91, 195, 203, 217, 231, 300, 324–25, 332 (n. 9);

  • “Slaves,” 24;

  • An American Testament, 67, 120, 170, 83, 188;

  • Dollar Diplomacy, 111;

  • The Soviet Worker, 111;

  • Voices of October, 111;

  • “Edmund Wilson’s Globe of Glass,” 122

• Freeman, Mary Wilkins, 18, 336 (n. 20)

• Freeman, Ruth, 10

• Freiheit, 61, 180

• Freud, Sigmund, 26, 165

• Friar, Kimon, 307

• Friday, 217

• Frost, Robert, 114, 219, 307

• Fugitives, 16

• Funaroff, Sol (pseuds. Charles Henry Newman, Steve Foster, Sil Vnarov), 132, 207, 216, 226, 227, 233, 250, 272, 321, 322;

  • “What the Thunder Said,” 204;

  • “Possessed by Death,” 204–5;

  • biographical portrait of, 204–14;

  • American Writing, 206;

  • “Bellbuoy,” 206–6;

  • The Spider and the Clock, 207, 210, 216;

  • Exiles From a Future Time, 207, 213;

  • “How Objective Is Objectivism?,” 209;

  • “The Love Campaign,” 209–10;

  • “Unemployed: 2 am,” 210;

  • “Uprooted,” 210;

  • “The last Superstition,” 211;

  • “To the Dead of the International Brigade,” 211;

  • “Dusk of the Gods,” 212;

  • “Iron Calf,” 213;

  • “King Porter,” 213;

  • “Medieval Jew,” 213;

  • “Tough Scufflin’,” 213;

  • “The Exiles,” 213–14

• Futurism, 34, 35, 43, 44, 52, 54, 323

• Gale, Zona, 18, 97

• Gannett, Lewis, 77

• Garfield, John (born Julius Garfinkle), 239

• Garlin, Sender, 78, 166–67, 180, 182, 183

• Gastonia Strike, 29

• Gayden, Fern, 270

• Gays, Lesbians, Bisexuals, and the Left, xiii, 82, 90, 94, 301, 307

• Geddes, Virgil: Native Ground, 25;

  • “The Poetry of Revolution,” 25

• Gellhorn, Martha, 254, 381 (n. 63)

• Gender, xiv, 95–102, 229–61

• Georgakas, Dan, 331 (n. 5), 336 (n. 24)

• Gessner, Robert, 265, 384 (n. 8)

• Gilbert, James B., 335 (n. 19), 338 (n. 42)

• Giles, Barbara, 32

• Gilkes, Lillian Barnard, 259

• Ginsberg, Allen, 42, 44;

  • Howl and Other Poems, 42, 43

• Ginsberg, Louis, 42

• Giovannati, Arturo, 18, 336 (n. 3)

• Goetz, George (pseud. Victor Francis Calverton), 13, 26, 167, 187

• Gold, Michael (born Itzok Granich, also known as Irving or Irwin Granich), 5, 6, 7, 14, 26, 34, 37, 71, 75, 77, 78, 82, 89, 91, 101, 104, 105, 109, 117, 119, 121, 127, 128, 129, 130, 132–33, 135, 181, 193, 194–95, 201, 203, 216, 218, 293, 296, 317, 318, 321, 323, 324, 343 (n. 21);

  • Proletarian Song Book, 19;

  • “Change the World,” 39, 59, 67, 68, 71;

  • biographical portrait of, 39–70;

  • Jews Without Money, 40, 42, 46, 48, 55–59, 105;

  • “Towards Proletarian Art,” 41;

  • “A Great Deed was Needed,” 46;

  • “Ghost Story,” 46;

  • “Nails,” 46;

  • “Tenements,” 46;

  • “To One Dying,” 46;

  • “A Freshman at Harvard,” 49;

  • “Down the Airshaft,” 49;

  • “Homecoming,” 50;

  • “Birth,” 51;

  • Money, 51;

  • A Damned Agitator, 52;

  • “Strike,” 52;

  • Hoboken Blues, 52, 53;

  • Battle Hymn, 53;

  • “Fiesta,” 53;

  • “A Reply to Faulkner,” 54;

  • “Death of a Negro,” 54;

  • “Why I am a Communist,” 56, 253;

  • “Jews of the World,” 58;

  • “Strange Funeral in Braddock,” 61;

  • “Ode to Walt Whitman,” 62;

  • “A Wreath,” 62;

  • Charlie Chaplin’s Parade, 62;

  • “Tom Mooney Walks,” 62;

  • “A Bourgeois Hamlet of Our Time,” 68;

  • “A Word as to Uncle Tom,” 91;

  • “Notes from Kharkov,” 106

• Golding, Alan, 341 (n. 76)

• Goldman, Emma, 48, 49, 97, 99

• Goldstein, Laurence, 388 (n. 5)

• Gomez, Emanuel. See Phillips, Charles Francis

• Gordon, Eugene, 263–64, 274, 285;

  • biographical sketch of, 83–85;

  • “Agenda,” 84;

  • “Southern Boyhood Nightmares,” 84;

  • The Position of Negro Women, 84;

  • “Social and political Problems of Negro Writers,” 264

• Gorky, Maxim, 44, 45, 72

• Gornick, Vivian, The Romance of American Communism, 12

• Graham, Marcus. See Marcus, Shmuel

• Graham, Martha, 194

• Graham, Shirley, 40

• Granich, Carl, 59–60

• Granich, Charles, 45–46, 47, 50

• Granich, Elizabeth (Boussus), 59–60, 51, 343 (n. 21)

• Granich, Emmanuel (“Manny,” “Max”), 47–48, 49

• Granich, George, 47–48, 49, 58

• Granich, Kate (Schwartz), 45–46, 47

• Granich, Nicholas, 59–60, 61

• Great Depression, 12, 14, 28, 72, 98, 103, 106, 115, 165, 193, 204, 217, 226, 234, 239, 242, 243, 281, 323–24

• Grebanier, Bernard, 132, 164;

  • biographical sketch of, 165

• Gregory, Horace, 9–11, 35–36, 71, 74, 98, 123, 124, 125, 127, 128, 130, 131, 132, 134, 135, 208, 255, 305, 306, 318, 320;

  • Chelsea Rooming House, 10;

  • No Retreat, 10;

  • Chorus for Survival, 10, 73;

  • New Letters in America, 14;

  • “Social Poets Number,” 14;

  • “Poetry in 1937,” 128

• Gresham, William Lindsay: biographical portrait of, 244–48;

  • Limbo Tower, 247;

  • Nightmare Alley, 247

• Gropper, William, 105, 9

• Guthrie, Woody, 30

• Gutman, Allen, 337 (n. 30)

• Hale, Hope. See Davis, Hope Hale

• Halper, Albert, 82, 184

• Hamalian, Linda, 342 (n. 15)

• Hammett, Dashiell, 173, 269, 371 (n. 51)

• Harlem Liberator, 29, 87

• Harlem Quarterly, 81

• Harlem Renaissance, 54, 83, 263, 265, 266, 274, 277, 280

• Harlem Writers Club, 74, 288

• Harlowe, Barbara, 337 (n. 27)

• Harper, Donna Akiba Sullivan, 390 (n. 35)

• Harris, Abram, 85, 281

• Harrison, Charles, Yale, 104–5;

  • Generals Die in Bed, 104

• Hathaway, Clarence, 59, 100, 109, 119

• Hay, Harry, 360 (n. 122)

• Hayden, Robert, 36, 272, 279, 296;

  • Go Down Moses, 94;

  • Heart-Shape in the Dust, 94, 294;

  • biographical sketch of, 94–95;

  • A Ballad of Rembrance, 95;

  • American Journal, 95;

  • Angle of Ascent, 95;

  • Collected Poems, 95;

  • Figures of Time, 95;

  • Night-Blooming Ceres, 95;

  • Selected Poems, 95;

  • The Lion and the Archer, 95;

  • Words in the Mourning Time, 95;

  • “Gabriel,” 95, 312–13;

  • “The Black Spear,” 289;

  • “Middle Passage,” 289–90;

  • “Speech,” 294;

  • “We Are the Hunted,” 314

• Haynes, John Earl, 353 (n. 26)

• Hayes, Alfred, 132, 194, 207, 208, 233, 309, 322;

  • biographical portrait of, 214–27;

  • “Into the Streets May First,” 215, 218;

  • Journeyman, 217;

  • ‘Tis of Thee, 217;

  • “In a Coffee Pot,”217–18;

  • “The Port of New York,” 218;

  • “To Otto Bauer,” 218–19;

  • “I Always Come Home,” 219;

  • “My Cousin Herman,” 219–20;

  • The Big Time, 219–20;

  • “As a Young Man,” 220;

  • “In a Village,” 220;

  • “The People of the Pit,” 220;

  • Welcome to the Castle, 220;

  • Just Before the Divorce, 220–21;

  • “The Tennis Players,” 220–21;

  • “My Father Was Shaving a Dead Man When,” 221;

  • “The Father of Us All,” 221;

  • “To Be a King in Athens,” 221;

  • “Just Before the Divorce,” 221–22;

  • Paisan, 222;

  • Act of Love, 223;

  • All Thy Conquests, 223;

  • In Love, 223;

  • My Face for the World to See, 223;

  • Shadow of Heaven 223;

  • “The Alfred Hitchcock Hour,” 224;

  • The Girl on the Via Flamina, 223;

  • The End of Me, 223–24;

  • The Stockbroker, the Bitter Young Man, and the Beautiful Girl, 224;

  • The Temptation of Don Volpi, 224;

  • “Gondola,” 224–25

• Hays, Lee, 28, 129

• Hecht, Ben, 214, 222

• Heller, Abraham, 70

• Hellman, Lillian, 256, 259

• Hemingway, Ernest: For Whom the Bell Tolls, 41

• Hendricks, Jefferson, 335 (n. 10)

• Herbst, Josephine, 4, 6, 64, 95, 101, 105, 106, 232, 255, 259, 303;

  • Pity Is Not Enough, 96;

  • Rope of Gold, 96;

  • The Executioner Waits, 96

• Herndon, Angelo, 264, 270, 283, 288, 289;

  • Let Me Live, 278;

  • You Cannot Kill the Working Class, 295

• Herrmann, John, 105, 106, 236;

  • The Salesman, 237

• Herskovits, Melville, 266

• Hicks, Granville (pseud. Margaret Wright Mather), 14, 34, 75, 85, 120–35 passim, 185, 218, 233, 287;

  • The Great Tradition, 120;

  • “Those Who Quibble,” 123;

  • John Reed, 184

• Highlander Folk School, 28, 29

• Hill, Joe, 18, 207, 215, 311, 336 (n. 23)

• Hille, Waldemar, 213

• Himes, Chester, 296

• Hindus, Maurice, 184

• Hitler-Stalin Pact, 1, 2, 34, 91, 104, 117, 120, 134, 172, 213, 259, 266, 270, 287

• Hollywood, 1, 2, 5, 171, 222, 224, 243;

  • and blacklist, 5, 6

• Hollywood Ten, 5

• Holmes, Eugene (pseud. Eugene Clay), 83, 263–65, 266, 275, 276, 280, 281, 285, 288;

  • “Jean Toomer,” 85;

  • Social Philosophy and the Social Mind, 85;

  • “The Life and times of Alain Locke,” 85;

  • biographical sketch of, 85–86;

  • “The Negro in American Literature,” 263–64

• Homberger, Eric, 339 (n. 45), 346 (n. 56), 353 (n. 28), 373 (n. 105)

• Hook, Sidney, 166–7;

  • “Toward the Understanding of Karl Marx,” 167

• Horton, Myles, 29

• House Committee on Un-American Activities, 90

• Howe, Irving, 65

• Huebsch, B. W., 77, 230

• Hughes, Langston, 7, 14, 30, 36, 39, 86–87, 88–90, 93, 129, 132, 265–86 passim, 296, 297, 309, 314;

  • Don’t You Want to be Free?, 88;

  • Emperor of Haiti, 88;

  • Fine Clothes to the Jew, 88;

  • I Wonder as I Wander, 88;

  • Jim Crow’s Last Stand, 88;

  • Fields of Wonder, 88;

  • Little Ham, 88;

  • “Little Old Spy,” 88;

  • Montage of a Dream Deferred, 88;

  • Mulatto, 88;

  • Not Without Laughter, One-Way Ticket, 88; 88;

  • Simply Heaven, 88;

  • Shakespeare in Harlem, 88;

  • The Ways of White Folk, 88;

  • The Weary Blues, 88;

  • A New Song, 89;

  • Ask Your Mama, 89;

  • “Let America Be America Again,” 89;

  • The Panther and the Lash, 89, 290;

  • Famous Negro Music Makers, 90;

  • Drums of Haiti, 94;

  • “To Negro Writers,” 263;

  • “Dinner Guest, Me,” 290;

  • “Good Morning, Revolution,” 314;

  • “Letter to the Academy,” 314;

  • “Our Spring,” 314;

  • “White Man,” 314;

  • “Black Workers,” 315;

  • “Johannesburg Mines,” 315;

  • “Revolution,” 315;

  • “Song of Revolution,” 315

• Humboldt, Charles. See Weinstock, Clarence

• Humphries, Rolfe, 114, 365 (n. 42)

• Hunton, William Alphaes, 85

• Hurston, Zora Neale: Jonah’s Gourd Vine, 263;

  • Their Eyes Were Watching God, 276

• Hurwitz, Leo, 318

• Hutchins, Grace, 253

• Hutchinson, George, 350 (n. 4)

• Imagism, 28, 62, 196, 201, 320

• Inman, Mary, 253

• International Brigades, 2, 245, 266, 295. See also Abraham Lincoln Brigades

• International Labor Defense, 103

• International Literature, 72, 81, 84, 254, 263, 280, 314

• International Publishers, 76, 79–80, 98

• International Union of Revolutionary Writers, 105, 106, 254

• International Workers Order (IWO), 89

• Isherwood, Christopher, 33

• Isserman, Maurice, 4, 82

• Ivens, Jorge, 232

• Jackson, Augusta, 283

• James, Henry, 65, 126, 127, 225

• Jameson, Fredric, 164;

  • Jefferson School, 80, 280

• Jerome, Alice (born Alice Hamburger, pseud. Alice Evans), 171, 174, 178

• Jerome, V. J. (born Isaac Jerome Romaine), 39, 41, 78, 120, 123, 180, 190, 191, 195, 316, 318;

  • “A Negro Mother to her Child,” 160;

  • biographical portrait of, 163–78;

  • “Newsboy,” 168;

  • Culture in Changing World, 169;

  • “Edmund Wilson,” 169;

  • Grasp the Weapon of Culture, 169;

  • “Toward a Proletarian Novel,” 169;

  • The Negro in Hollywood Film, 70;

  • A Lantern for Jeremy, 92, 170;

  • Intellectuals and the War, 172;

  • “Marxism-Leninism for Science and Society,” 172;

  • “Caliban,” 174–77;

  • “To Carl Sandburg,” 177

• Jewish Currents, 340 (n. 60)

• Jews and the Left, xiii, 7, 8, 54, 91, 117, 177, 191, 207, 241, 254, 322

• John Reed Clubs, 22, 26, 41, 65, 74, 77, 83, 90, 95, 109, 127, 181, 186, 200, 208, 213, 254, 287, 295, 324;

  • in New York, 39, 79, 105, 108, 194;

  • in Cleveland, 87;

  • in St. Louis, 87;

  • in Detroit, 94, 306, 307;

  • in Boston, 101, 256–57;

  • in Hollywood, 104;

  • and Second National Conference, 216

• Johns, Orrick, 352 (n. 23)

• Johnson, Howard, 287

• Johnson, James Weldon, 264, 274

• Jones, Ernest, “The Song of the Classes,” 21–22, 23

• Josephson, Matthew, 78, 184

• Kafka, Franz, 126, 127;

  • The Castle, 240

• Kahn, Otto, 41, 65

• Kalaidjian, Walter, 322, 335 (n. 18)

• Kalar, Joe, 208, 320;

  • “Papermill,” 28

• Karsavina, Jean, 245, 259, 380 (n. 37)

• Katz, Otto, 332 (n. 2)

• Kaufman, Bell, 241;

  • Love, Etc., 241;

  • Up the Down Staircase, 241

• Keats, John, 10, 34, 191, 230

• Kees, Weldon, 132

• Keller, Helen, 98

• Kelley, Robin D. G., 356 (n. 62)

• Kempton, Murray, 7;

  • Part of Our Time, 7

• Kent, Rockwell, 172

• Kerouac, Jack, 203

• Kertesz, Louise, 380 (n. 54)

• Kharkov Conference, 105, 119, 114, 186, 189, 254

• Khruschev Revelations (1956), 9, 61, 178, 188

• Kinnamon, Keneth, 359 (n. 93)

• Kitzes, Max, “Clarity and Action,” 24

• Klehr, Harvey, 350 (n. 13), 353 (n. 26), 363 (n. 20)

• Klein, Joe, 339 (n. 57)

• Klein, Marcus, 338 (n. 45), 343 (n. 25)

• Kline, Herb, 121

• Knopf, Alfred, 77, 79

• Koestler, Arthur: The Yogi and the Commissar, 163

• Komorowski, Conrad, 181

• Kramer, Aaron, 14, 64, 337 (n. 32);

  • On Freedom’s Side, 15

• Kreymborg, Alfred, 15, 114, 172, 213;

  • “American Jeremiad,” 315

• Kunitz, Joshua (pseud. J. Q. Neets), 34, 121, 130, 133, 186, 217;

  • Dawn Over Samarkind, 127;

  • Russian Literature Since the Revolution, 127;

  • Russia the Giant, 127;

  • biographical sketch of, 127–28

• Kutulas, Judy, 353 (n. 28)

• Labor Defender, 103

• Labor Poets of America, 74, 311, 319

• Labor Research Association, 79

• Lamont, Corliss, 182

• Larkin, Margaret, 256;

  • biographical note on, 383 (n. 72)

• Lattimer, Margery, 97

• Lawrence, D. H., 66, 97, 232, 243, 251

• Lawrence, Lars. See Stevenson, Philip

• Lawson, John Howard, 52, 53, 120, 170, 176, 78;

  • “A Calendar of Commitment,” 68;

  • Gentlewoman, 68;

  • “Thunder Morning,” 177

• League of American Writers, 1, 74, 78, 79, 82, 83, 93, 123, 164, 213, 243, 244, 259, 272, 273, 277, 280, 285, 286, 302, 311

• League of Professionals for Foster and Ford, 110, 256

• League of Struggle for Negro Rights, 87, 89, 252

• Lechlitner, Ruth, 234–38, 251;

  • Tomorrow’s Phoenix, 235–6;

  • A Changing Season, 236;

  • Only the Years, 236;

  • Shadow of the Hour, 236;

  • “To a Future Generation,” 236–37;

  • “Notes for a Biography,” 237;

  • “The Body Politics,” 238;

  • “Lines for an Abortionist’s Office,” 237–38;

  • “Case Recruit,” 238;

  • “Garland for Spring,” 238

• Lee, Canada, 175, 176

• Lehv, Alex, 121

• Lenin, V. I., 77, 170, 185, 246

• Leopold, Paul, 379 (n. 24)

• Lerner, Tillie. See Olsen, Tillie

• Lesbians. See Gays, Lesbians, Bisexuals, and the Left

• Le Sueur, Meridel, 7, 78, 253, 254;

  • Annunciation, 36;

  • Salute to Spring, 79, 98;

  • biographical portrait of, 95–100;

  • “I Was Marching,” 98;

  • North Star Country, 98;

  • “The Fetish of Being Outside,” 98;

  • Corn Village, 99;

  • Harvest, 99;

  • Rites of Ancient Ripening, 99;

  • Song for My Time, 99;

  • The Crusaders, 99;

  • The Girl, 99;

  • Women on the Breadlines, 99

• Levi, Jan Heller, 389 (n. 6)

• Levitt, Saul, 32

• Levy, Melvin, 346 (n. 67)

• Lewis, C. S., 246–47, 248

• Lewis, H. H., 28, 101, 209, 339 (n. 55)

• Lewis, Sinclair, 56, 62, 66;

  • It Can’t Happen Here, 125

• Liberator, 9, 10, 25, 26, 42, 51, 81, 82, 293

• Lieber, Maxim, 178, 269

• Lindsay, Vachel: “Abraham Lincoln Walks at Midnight,” 62

• Literary criticism, xv, 33–35, 71, 263

• Litvinoff, Ivy, 183

• Litvinoff, Maxim, 182

• Liveright, Horace, 56

• “Living in a state of emergency,” xiv, 73, 130, 322

• Locke, Alain, 82, 85, 86, 93, 261, 266, 276, 285, 296;

  • biographical sketch of, 276–79;

  • The New Negro, 277;

  • “Sterling Brown,” 277

• London, Jack, 72, 230

• Lowenfels, Walter, 9, 14, 17, 63, 69;

  • The Writing on the Wall, 15

• Löwy, Michael: “Marxism and Utopian Vision,” 35

• Lukács, Georg, 33–35, 195

• Lumpkin, Grace, 95, 256, 278

• Lyons, Eugene, 180

• Maas, Willard, 114, 132, 365 (n. 43)

• MacDiarmid, Hugh, 128

• MacLeish, Archibald, 40, 172;

  • Panic, 172

• MacLeod, Norman, 6, 65, 276, 320, biographical sketch of, 103–5;

  • Bitter Roots, 104;

  • Horizons of Death, 104;

  • Thanksgiving Before November, 104;

  • You Get What You Ask For, 104

• MacNeice, Louis, 306

• Maddow, Ben (pseud. David Wolfe), 129

• Magdoff, Harry, 299–300

• Magil, A. B., 17, 78–79, 105, 120, 178, 195, 287, 311–12, 318;

  • biographical sketch of, 179–80;

  • “Johnny Madeiros Is Dead,” 180

• Mailer, Norman, 324

• Mainstream, 108

• Malraux, André: Man’s Fate, 41

• Maltz, Albert, 4, 59, 68, 174, 178;

  • The Way Things Are, 79

• Mangan, Sherry, 302

• Manhoff, Arnold, 132

• Mann, Thomas, 126

• Markham, Edwin, 18, 336 (n. 22)

• Marshall, Russell, 267

• Martin, Louis, Jr., 94

• Marx, Karl, 1, 77, 124, 126;

  • Capital, 48

• Mass Culture, xiii, 20

• Masses, 9, 10, 25, 49, 51, 55, 108, 163

• Masses & Mainstream, 81, 99, 166

• Maxwell, William, 54, 266, 345 (n. 51), 356 (n. 47)

• Mayakovski, Vladimir, 43–44, 45, 55, 134

• McCarthy, Mary, 324

• McCarthyism: and Cold War Witch-Hunt, xiii, 6, 9, 14, 15, 16, 31, 32, 61, 74, 86, 90, 94, 97, 98, 108, 171, 224, 271, 280, 300, 304

• McDaniel, Eluard Luchell, 285–86;

  • “2 or 3 Stories by Luchell,” 285

• McGrath, Thomas, 9, 14

• McHenry, Beth: Home Is the Sailor, 79

• McKay, Claude (born Festus Claudius McKay), 16, 51, 54, 55, 88, 267, 275, 277;

  • Constab Ballads, 81;

  • Songs of Jamaica, 81;

  • “If We Must Die,” 81, 268, 290;

  • biographical sketch of, 81–83;

  • Gingertown, 82;

  • Negroes in America, 82;

  • “Spring in New York,” 82;

  • Harlem Shadows, 82, 268;

  • A Long Way From Home, 82, 276, 278, 280, 285;

  • Banjo, 82, 291–93;

  • Banana Bottom, 82, 292;

  • Home to Harlem, 82, 292;

  • “Harlem Dancer,” 268;

  • “The Negro’s Tragedy,” 290

• McKenney, Ruth, 95, 132, 253, 259;

  • My Sister Eileen, 78;

  • “Strictly Personal,” 256

• Meltzer, Milton, 132

• Melville, Herman, 57

• Mencken, H. L., 55, 180

• Meyerhold, Vsevolod, 43, 52

• Michelson, Clarina, 111

• Michelson, Herman, 110, 120, 121, 123, 203

• Mid-West Literature, 98

• Midwest Workers Cultural Federation, 254

• Millay, Edna St. Vincent, 10, 249, 255

• Miller, Loren, 21, 87, 275, 285, 366 (n. 55)

• Miller, Nina, 378 (n. 4)

• Millet, Martha, 129;

  • The Rosenbergs, 14;

  • “The Love Song of J. Anonymous Proletariat,” 20

• Minor, Robert, 67, 100

• Minus, Marion, 267, 275, 276, 285;

  • biographical sketch of, 271

• Mitgang, Herbert, 350 (n. 13)

• Modernism, xiv, 12, 13, 15, 21, 23, 26, 27, 33, 34, 39, 114, 179, 193, 194, 195, 200, 204, 208, 209, 219, 226, 309–23

• Modern Monthly, 113

• Modern Quarterly, 26, 110, 113

• Monroe, Harriet, 114, 242

• Moscow Purge Trials, 1, 104, 172, 187, 204, 216, 217, 232, 233

• Motley, Willard, 296

• Mumford, Lewis, 47, 52

• Myers, Frederick: Home Is the Sailor, 79

• Nadir, Moshe, 73, 217

• Naison, Mark, 356 (n. 63)

• National Guardian, 84, 171

• National Negro Congress, 252, 266, 267, 270, 272, 275, 277, 288

• National Students League, 299

• National Student Union, 85

• Native American Indians, 89

• Naturalism, 35, 62, 126, 319, 322

• Navasky, Victor, 170

• Nearing, Scott, 111

• Negro Caravan, 279

• Negro Playwrights Company, 93

• Negro Quarterly, 81, 89, 116, 267, 283–84, 288, 289, 293

• Negro Worker, 315

• Neihardt, John, 25, 337 (n. 39)

• Nekola, Charlotte, 253–54, 335 (n. 18), 342 (n. 10), 378 (n. 2), 380 (n. 57)

• Nelson, Cary, 321, 335 (n. 10), 338 (n. 42)

• Nelson, Raymond, 341 (n. 80)

• Neruda, Pablo, 196, 304

• New Anvil, 272, 286

• New Challenge, 82, 265, 267–76, 278, 287

• New Critics, 74

• New Deal, 24

• New Force, 257

• Newhouse, Edward, 354 (n. 40)

• New Left: and 1960s Radicalism, xiii, 9, 16, 99, 220, 236, 324

• New Letters, 24, 126, 123, 130, 135, 233, 255

• New Masses, 2, 9, 26, 29, 33–36, 38, 42, 52, 55, 56, 68–86 passim, 91, 98, 102, 103–36, 172, 179, 180, 184, 185, 186, 188, 189, 193, 197, 200, 206, 207, 208, 212, 215, 233, 243, 244, 252, 255, 256, 270, 272, 275, 277, 287, 288, 289, 291, 294, 300, 307, 309, 314, 315, 316

• New Playwrights Theater, 41, 52, 53, 66

• New Theater, 121, 122, 206, 275

• New Theater League, 171

• New Writing, 258, 306

• Norris, Frank, 230

• Norse, Harold (born Harold Albaum), 165

• North, Alex, 109

• North, Joseph (born Joseph Soifer), 63, 69, 77, 109, 111, 114, 119, 120, 121, 195, 203, 316

• North, Michael, 334 (n. 7)

• Norton, W. W., 77

• Objectivism, 34, 209

• Olsen, Tillie, 95;

  • Yonnondio, 96, 101, 319

• O’Neill, Eugene, 55;

  • The Iceman Cometh, 69

• O’Neill, William, 337 (n. 33)

• Oppen, George, 17, 209

• Oppenheimer, Frank, 300, 304

• Oppenheimer, Robert, 300, 303

• Page, Myra, 95, 259;

  • Gathering Storm, 79

• Parker, Dorothy, 132, 254, 256, 381 (n. 64)

• Partisan Review, 79, 122, 130, 194, 234, 235, 303, 316, 324

• Partisan Review and Anvil, 258, 269

• Pass, Joseph, 109;

  • biographical note on, 363 (n. 23)

• Patchen, Kenneth, 36, 306, 309

• Patterson, William, 87, 270

• Paul Robeson Players, 94

• Payne, Kenneth, 345 (n. 45), 347 (n. 70)

• Peck, David, 363 (n. 24)

• Pell, Mike: S.S. Utah, 79

• Pen and Hammer, 110, 364 (n. 28)

• People of Color, 6, 7

• People’s Art, People’s Poetry, 13, 33

• People’s Culture, 321

• People’s Educational Center, 5

• People’s Weekly World, 96

• People’s World, 43, 61

• Perelman, S. J., 32, 35, 58

• Peretz, I. L., 217

• Peters, Paul (born Harbor Allen): Stevedore, 278

• Petry, Ann, 296

• Phelps, Christopher, 369 (n. 19)

• Phillips, Charles Frances (pseuds. Emanuel Gomez, J. Ramirez, Charles Shipman), 19, 71;

  • Poems for Workers, 19, 21–25, 28, 71;

  • Proletarian Song Book, 19, 26

• Phillips, William (pseud. Wallace Phelps), 124, 235;

  • “Sensibility and Modern Poetry,” 207–8

• Piercy, Marge, 261

• Pillin, William, 132, 208;

  • biographical note on, 376 (n. 35)

• Pilnyak, Boris, 184

• Pitts, Rebecca, 253, 303

• Poems for Workers, 19, 21–25, 28, 71

• Political Affairs, 171, 173, 175

• Popular Front, xvi, 13, 16, 28, 78, 101, 121, 123, 124, 129, 133, 164, 197, 203, 212, 214, 235, 255, 258, 263, 265, 274, 290, 307, 318

• Posnick, Ross, 355 (n. 45)

• Potamkin, Harry Allan, 106, 179

• Pound, Ezra, 10, 55, 62, 65, 193, 217, 226, 253, 311

• Powell, Rev. Adam Clayton, xv

• Powell, Dawn, 251

• Pratt, Linda Ray, 99–199

• Prelude, 306

• Progressive Labor party, 178

• Progressive Party, 90

• Proletarian literature (proletarian novel, working-class literature), xiii, xvi, 11, 13, 14, 19, 20, 24, 25, 33, 36, 39, 55–56, 57, 65, 83, 89, 133, 189, 193, 198, 208, 115

• Proletarian Literature in the United States, 14, 28, 135, 189, 218, 254

• Proletpen, xvi

• Provincetown Players, 50, 51, 52

• Putnam, Hilary, 172

• Putnam, Samuel, 172;

  • Paris Was Our Mistress,

• Pyros, John, 344 (n. 25)

• Rabinowitz, Paula, 335 (n. 18), 342 (n. 10), 359 (n. 98), 378 (n. 2), 380 (n. 57), 382 (n. 72)

• Rahv, Philip (born Ivan Greenberg), 55, 63, 78, 98, 124, 207–8, 235

• Rakosi, Carl, 209

• Randall, Arthur, 275

• Randall, Dudley, 271

• Rapp-Coudert Investigation, 165

• Rauh, Florence, 52

• Rauh, Ida, 52

• Rampersad, Arnold, 351 (n. 18), 357 (n. 66)

• Rebel Poet, 26–27, 28, 168, 194, 208, 316

• Rebel Poets Society, 74;

  • Unrest 1929, 27;

  • Unrest 1930, 27

• Record, Wilson: The Negro and the Communist Party, 279

• Reed, John, 232

• Regionalism (radical), xiii, 98, 319

• Reuben, William, 361 (n. 1)

• Revolutionary Romanticism, xiv, 34, 35, 112

• Revolutionary Writers Federation, 208, 364 (n. 28)

• Rexroth, Kenneth, 43, 129, 132, 135

• Rich, Adrienne, 260, 304

• Rideout, Walter, 338 (n. 42)

• Ridge, Lola, 256

• Rimbaud, Arthur, 199, 322

• Rivington, Ann, 171

• Robbins, Natalie, 350 (n. 13)

• Robeson, Paul, 53, 90, 93

• Robinson, E. A., 219

• Robinson, Earl, 215

• Robinson, Ione, 181, 182–83

• Rochester, Anna, 255, 382 (n. 70)

• Rodney, Lester, 63

• Rolfe, Edwin (born Solomon Fishman), 12, 87, 207, 208, 217, 234, 318, 322;

  • “Cheliuskin,” 13;

  • “Catalogue of I,” 20–21;

  • “Definition,” 316

• Romanticism, xiii, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 19, 34, 35, 36, 39, 62, 82, 202, 224, 250, 321

• Root, E. Merrill, 364 (n. 36)

• Rosenberg Case, 86

• Rosenfeld, Paul, 52

• Roskolenko, Harry, 200

• Ross, Sam (born Samuel Rosen), 32

• Rosten, Norman, 307

• Rovere, Richard, 132

• Rowley, Hazel, 348 (n. 99)

• Rubin, Rachel, 344 (n. 25)

• Rubinstein, Annette, 174

• Rukeyser, Muriel, 14, 36, 125, 128, 131, 208, 254, 255, 319, 321, 322, 323;

  • Theory of Flight, 251;

  • biographical portrait of, 299–306;

  • Beast in View, 301;

  • U.S. 1, 302, 305, 309;

  • A Turning Wind, 302, 309;

  • “Book of the Dead,” 305;

  • “Poem of Childhood,” 305;

  • “Theory of Flight,” 305;

  • “Scottsboro,” 306;

  • “The Trial,” 306

• Russell, Charles: Poets, Prophets, and Revolutionaries, 322–23, 391 (n. 51)

• Russian Revolution, 18, 43, 72, 232, 320

• Ryley, Robert, 334 (n. 1)

• Sacco and Vanzetti case, 17, 52, 97, 170

• Salzman, Jack, 347 (n. 83), 365 (n. 46)

• Sandburg, Carl, 44, 98, 194, 269;

  • The People, Yes, 133, 177

• Sanger, Margaret, 98

• San Juan, E., Jr., 391 (n. 50)

• Sarton, May, 303

• Sartre, Jean-Paul, 92;

  • Anti-Semite and Jew, 250

• Saunders, Frances Stonor, 351 (n. 16)

• Savage, Augusta, 87

• Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 324

• Schneider, Isidor, 2, 120, 121–22, 184, 209, 213

• Schrecker, Ellen, 368 (n. 9)

• Schuyler, George, 94, 264

• Science and Society, xiii, 86, 172

• Scottsboro Case, 29, 255, 291, 295, 299, 301

• Seaver, Edwin, 253

• Shadowlands, 248

• Shakespeare, William, 61, 165, 175, 176, 177, 223, 271, 301;

  • The Tempest, 23, 61, 174, 176

• Sharistanian, Janet, 359 (n. 100)

• Shaw, Irwin, 75, 224

• Shelley, Percy, 10, 33–34, 191

• Shields, Art, 343 (n. 25)

• Shmuel Marcus (pseud. Marcus Graham): An Anthology of Revolutionary Poetry, 200

• Shore, Viola Brothers, 171, 259

• Shorer, Mark, 132

• Shulman, Robert, 357 (n. 70)

• Siegel, Eli, 132

• Signatures, 306

• Sillen, Samuel, 91, 126–27, 131, 135, 195, 296, 307

• Sinclair, Upton, 53, 56, 59, 72;

  • The Cry for Justice, 19

• Sing Democracy, 311

• Slesinger, Tess, 95, 101, 259;

  • The Unpossessed, 96

• Smedley, Agnes, 95

• Smith, Bernard, 63–64

• Smith, Lillian, 182, 69

• Smith Act, 80, 90, 170, 173

• Snow, Walter (pseud. Robert Clark), 78, 106;

  • biographical sketch of, 181–82;

  • The Glory and the Shame, 332 (n. 14);

  • The Golden Nightmare, 332 (n. 14)

• Socialist Party and Social Democracy, 1, 26, 51, 70, 83, 286

• Socialist Realism, 14, 62, 174, 318

• Solomon, Mark, 355 (n. 44)

• Southern Agrarians, 74

• South Side Writers Group, 93, 265, 267–76, 281

• Soviet Literary Policies, 76

• Soviet Russia Today, 121, 184

• Spain and Spanish Civil War, 89, 132, 216, 243, 244, 259, 266, 285, 301, 302, 319

• Spector, Herman, 204, 208, 217, 226, 227, 233, 305, 320, 321, 322;

  • biographical portrait of, 193–204;

  • “Night Owl,” 197;

  • “Night in New York,” 198;

  • “Outcast,” 199;

  • “Artist into Stone,” 201–2;

  • “Call Me Porkchop,” 203–4

• Spender, Stephen, 33

• Spiegel, Morris, “Poetry and Revolution,” 27

• Spier, Leonard, 194

• Spivak, John: Georgia Nigger, 278

• Sporn, Paul, 359 (n. 95)

• Stacy, W. S., “Picket Lines on a Coal Mine,” 27–28

• Stalin, Joseph, and Stalinism, 1, 2, 3, 14, 25, 35, 66, 69, 73, 75, 77, 117, 122, 167, 183, 186, 187, 233, 304

• Stavis, Barrie, 132

• Stead, Christina, 132, 185, 259;

  • House of All Nations, 64

• Steele, James. See Cruden, Robert

• Steffens, Lincoln, 302

• Stein, Gertrude, 254, 255

• Steinbeck, John: Of Mice and Men, 282

• Stevens, Wallace, 75;

  • “Mr. Burnshaw and the Statue,” 107

• Stevenson, Philip (pseuds. Lars Lawrence, A. P. Towle), 40, 133, 307, 341 (n. 2);

  • Old Father Antic, 79

• Stewart, Donald Ogden, 254, 302, 304

• Stokes, Rose Pastor, 165–66, 167, 171, 256;

  • “Patterson,” 166

• Stone, I. F., 172

• Stout, Rex, 269

• Suggs, Jon C., 334 (n. 9)

• Surrealism, 62, 319, 321

• Sweatshop Poets, xvi

• Swinburne, Algernon Charles, 34, 214

• Taggard, Genevieve, 10, 36, 64–65, 79, 217, 251, 254, 255, 259;

  • May Days, 25–26, 40–41;

  • “Romanticism and Communism,” 34;

  • Collected Poems, 229;

  • Measure, 229;

  • “Proud Day,” 229;

  • “To My Mother,” 229;

  • biographical portrait of, 229–34;

  • For Eager Lovers, 230;

  • Hawaiian Hilltop, 230;

  • Traveling Standing Still, 230;

  • Words for the Last Chisel, 230;

  • The Life and Mind of Emily Dickinson, 230–31

• Tannenhaus, Sam, 361 (n. 5), 363 (n. 22)

• TASS (Soviet News Agency), 10, 111, 180, 181, 190

• Teres, Harvey, 351 (n. 17)

• Theater Union, 301

• “Third Period,” 17, 255, 256

• Thomas, Dylan, 61, 307

• Thoreau, Henry, 58

• Tidewell, John Edgar, 385 (n. 23)

• Tillery, Tyrone, 355 (n. 47)

• Tolson, Melvin, 92

• Toomer, Jean: Cane, 278

• Trachtenberg, Alan, 331 (n. 1)

• Trachtenberg, Alexander, 39, 80, 103, 106, 109, 120, 123, 125, 180, 183, 185, 318;

  • “The History of Legislation,” 76;

  • biographical portrait of, 76–80

• Trachtenberg, Rosalind, 80

• Transcendentalism, 19

• Traubel, Horace, 18, 336 (n. 22)

• Trilling, Lionel, 1

• Trotsky, Leon, and Trotskyism, 3, 4, 18, 43, 65, 66, 91, 100, 105, 122, 130, 134, 169, 187, 188, 233, 272, 285, 302;

  • Literature and Revolution, 34–35

• Trumbo, Dalton, 7

• Tuerk, Richard, 344 (n. 25), 346 (n. 56), 347 (nn. 69, 85)

• Twain, Mark, 44, 320

• Unemployed Councils, 58

• United Front, 203

• Untermeyer, Jean Starr, 22, 259, 337 (n. 32)

• Untermeyer, Louis, 302, 317, 337 (n. 32);

  • biographical sketch of, 22;

  • “What’s My Line?,” 22;

  • “Caliban in the Coal Mines,” 22–23

• USSR (former Soviet Union), 2, 13, 18, 27, 41, 56, 67, 72, 74, 88, 89, 90, 101, 108, 113, 125, 134, 135, 186, 213, 233, 264, 317

• Van Ghent, Dorothy, 129, 30

• Van Gogh, Vincent, 55

• Vanguard Salon, 87

• Van Wienen, Mark, 337 (n. 27)

• Varney, John, 213;

  • biographical note on, 377 (n. 53)

• Vicinus, Martha, 337 (n. 27)

• Vietnam, 9, 220

• Von Wiegand, Charmion, 183, 324

• Vorse, Mary Heaton, 95–96

• Walker, Alice, 260, 304

• Walker, Margaret, 267, 278;

  • “Goose Island,” 271;

  • biographical sketch of, 271–73, 275, 276, 285, 286, 297;

  • “For My People,” 272;

  • “The Struggle Staggers Us,” 272;

  • “We Have Been Believers,” 272, 291;

  • Jubilee, 273;

  • For My People, 290;

  • Wallace, Henry, 90

• Walton, Eda Lou: This Generation, 14, 255

• Ward, Theodore, 89, 192, 278, 285;

  • Our Lan’, 93;

  • “Shout Hallelujah!,” 93;

  • “Sick and Tiahd,” 93;

  • Big White Fog, 93, 94, 296;

  • biographical sketch of, 93–94;

  • “Candle in the Wind,” 94;

  • “Whole Hog or Nothing,” 94

• Warner, Sylvia Townsend, 254

• Waters, Jim, 28, 47, 345 (n. 34)

• Weatherwax, Clara: “The Shape of the Sun,” 260

• We Gather Strength, 14, 197, 206, 207, 210

• Weinstock, Clarence (pseud. Charles Humboldt), 287, 289, 321;

  • “Ivory Tower or Hole in the Ground,” 133–36

• Weiss, Henry George, 127, 196;

  • “To a Fat Bourgeois,” 27

• West, Don (pseuds. Jim Weaver, Frank Shipman), 28–33, 87, 196, 209, 339 (n. 60), 340 (nn. 61, 62, 65);

  • biographical sketch of, 28–29;

  • Crabgrass, 29;

  • Between the Plow Handles, 30;

  • Broadside to the Sun, 30;

  • Clods of Southern Earth, 30;

  • In A Land of Plenty, 30;

  • O Mountaineers!, 30;

  • The Road Is Rocky, 30;

  • Toil and Hunger, 30;

  • “In a Land of Plenty,” 30–31;

  • “Confession,” 32;

  • “Advice to the Would-Be Poets,” 33

• West, Dorothy, 271, 281, 285;

  • biographical sketch of, 273–76;

  • The Living Is Easy, 276;

  • The Richer, The Poorer, 276;

  • The Wedding, 276

• West, Nathanael (born Nathan Weinstein): Day of the Locust, 309

• West End Press, 99

• Wheelwright, John Brooks, 302

• Whitman, Walt, 19, 20, 34, 36, 41, 43, 44, 49, 56, 57, 58, 62, 63, 73, 89, 96, 125, 128, 133, 219, 234, 250, 318, 320, 323;

  • Leaves of Grass, 37

• Wiegand, Kathleen, 383 (n. 85)

• Wiggins, Ella Mae, 29, 257, 311

• Wilder, Thornton, 56, 57

• Wilentz, Gay, 369 (n. 10)

• Wilhelm, Gale, 256, 382 (n. 72)

• Wilkerson, Doxey, 85, 283

• Williams, Oscar, 243

• Williams, William Carlos, 209, 210, 217, 307

• Willner, George, 188

• Willner, Tiba, 182–83, 188, 190

• Wilson, Edmund, 1, 55, 122, 167, 172, 187;

  • Axel’s Castle, 33

• Wilson, T. C., 30, 126–27, 131

• Winter, Ella, 183, 253, 255, 256, 302, 304

• Winwar, Frances, 163, 173, 254;

  • Poor Splendid Wings, 164;

  • The Ardent Flame, 164;

  • The Golden Round, 164;

  • The Romantic Rebels, 164;

  • biographical sketch of, 164–65

• Wixson, Douglas, 336 (n. 21), 338 (n. 42), 339 (n. 55)

• Wolfe, David. See Maddow, Ben

• Wolfe, Robert, 230;

  • biographical sketch of, 231–32

• Wolfe, Thomas, 129

• Woman Today, 64

• Women and the Left (feminism, socialist-feminism), xiii, 9, 16, 95–102, 229–61

• Wood, Charles Erskine Scott, 67, 232

• Wordsworth, William, 10, 191

• Workers Monthly, 19, 26

• Workers Music League, 194

• World War I, 17, 18

• World War II, 14, 16, 18, 54, 90, 93, 94, 132, 182, 219, 240, 259, 260, 263, 264, 265, 282, 322

• Wright, Richard, 7, 36, 68, 266, 269, 270, 272, 275, 277, 284, 285–87, 296;

  • Native Son, 69, 84, 91, 273, 279, 282, 294, 296, 297, 319;

  • “Bright and Morning Star,” 79, 91, 132, 294;

  • Black Boy, 84, 288, 289;

  • biographical sketch of, 90–93;

  • “Ethics of Living Jim Crow,” 91;

  • 12 Million Black Voices, 91;

  • Lawd Today, 91, 273;

  • Uncle Tom’s Children, 91, 278, 294–95;

  • “Blueprint for Negro Writing,” 265, 273–74, 276, 314, 295, 321;

  • “Big Boy Leaves Home,” 278, 281;

  • “I Tried to Be a Communist,” 288;

  • “Fire and Cloud,” 294

• Writer in a Changing World, 254

• Writers of Color, xiii, 7, 16

• Wylie, Elinor, 230

• Yeats, W. B., 10, 179

• Yerby, Frank, 285, 286;

  • “Health Card,” 286;

  • The Foxes of Harrow, 286

• Yezierska, Anzia, 369 (n. 10)

• Yiddish, xvi, 54, 217

• Yosseloff, Thomas: Seven Poets in Search of an Answer, 14, 244

• Young, Marguerite, 132, 255;

  • biographical note on, 382 (n. 69)

• Young Communist League, 214, 270, 272, 275, 299, 302, 307

• Young Labor Poets, 31, 319

• Young Worker, 19, 24, 25

• Zaturenska, Marya, 123, 305

• Zhdanov, Andrei, 67, 369 (n. 22)

• Zola, Emile, 60

• Zugsmith, Leane, 95, 265

• Zukofsky, Louis, 32, 130, 209