15. “As man’s first motives for speaking were of the passions, his first expressions were Tropes,” writes Rousseau. Here Rousseau evidently draws upon Bernard Lamy’s La Rhétorique, ou l’Art de parler (4th ed., 1701), II: 3: “Tropes are names that are transferred from the thing of which they are the proper name, to apply them to things which they signify only indirectly: thus, all tropes are metaphors, for the word, which is Greek, means translation.” Cited from Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Essay on the Origin of Languages and Writings Related to Music (The Collected Writings of Rousseau, Vol. 7), tr. and ed. John T. Scott (Hanover, N.H., and London: University Press of New England, 1998), 569, note 27. For another translation, see On the Origin of Language. Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Essay on the Origin of Languages; Johann Gottfried Herder: Essay on the Origin of Language, tr. John H. Moran and Alexander Gode (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1966), 12.