* After the war Americans embraced intelligence testing more enthusiastically than people in other countries, but mental testing took place largely in the private sector. Yerkes complained in 1941 of the U.S. military’s neglect: “Germany has a long lead in the development of military psychology…. The Nazis have achieved something that is entirely without parallel in military history…. What has happened in Germany is the logical sequel to the psychological and personnel services in our own Army during 1917–1918.”