1. Lieu, I, II, & III John, 61.
2. Kenneth Grayston, “The Meaning of PARAKLETOS,” JSNT 4 (1981): 72.
3. Ibid., 73.
4. Jintae Kim, “Concept of Atonement in 1 John,” 97.
5. Ibid., 77.
6. Culy, I, II, III John, 22.
7. Brown, Epistles of John, 218.
8. See NIDNTT for an in-depth discussion of this word group in the NT, LXX, and secular Greek writers.
9. See the Oxford American College Dictionary, 2002.
10. For an overview of various theological views of atonement, see The Nature of Atonement: Four Views (ed. James Beilby and Paul R. Eddy; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2006).
11. Stanislas Lyonnet, Sin, Redemption, and Sacrifice: A Biblical and Patristic Study (Rome: Editrice Pontificio Istituto Biblico, 1998), 149–50.
12. For further discussion see Yarbrough, 1–3 John, 77–81, and Brown, Epistles of John, 217–24.
13. Jintae Kim, “The Concept of Atonement in Hellenistic Thought and 1 John,” JGRChJ 2 (2001–2005): 100–116.
14. John Calvin, Commentaries on the Catholic Epistles (trans. John Owen; Grand Rapids: Baker, 1999), 172–73.
15. Lieu, I, II, & III John, 65.
16. John Calvin, The Gospel according to St. John 11–21 and the First Epistle of John (trans. T. H. L. Parker; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1988), 244.
17. C. H. Dodd, The Johannine Epistles (MNTC; London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1946), 36–37.
18. Michael A. Williams, Rethinking “Gnosticism”: An Argument for Dismantling a Dubious Category (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996).
19. Lieu, I, II, & III John, 70.
20. Iver Larsen, “The Phrase ἐν τούτῳ in 1 John,” Notes on Translation 4, no. 4 (1990): 27–38.
21. Lieu, I, II, & III John, 68.
22. Yarbrough, 1–3 John, 82.
23. Lieu, I, II, & III John, 69.
24. Ibid., 69.
25. Ibid., 70–71.
26. Ibid., 70.
27. Bultmann, Johannine Epistles, 25; B. F. Westcott, Epistles of St. John: The Greek Text with Notes (3rd ed. [1892]; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1950), 49; Yarbrough, 1–3 John, 86.
28. Culy, I, II, III John, 28; Dodd, Johannine Epistles, 31; Kruse, Letters of John, 80; Marshall, Epistles of John, 125; Smalley, 1, 2, 3 John, 49.
29. Kruse, Letters of John, 80.
30. Wallace calls such a genitive a “plenary genitive.” See Greek Grammar, 119–20.
31. For a helpful discussion of the verb τελειόω in its NT usage, see Moisés Silva, “Perfection and Eschatology in Hebrews,” WTJ 39 (1976): 60–71.
32. Brown, Epistles of John, 254–55.
33. Kruse, Letters of John, 80–81.
34. Culy, I, II, III John, 29.
35. Brown, Epistles of John, 258.
36. Smalley, 1, 2, 3 John, 51.
37. Wallace, Greek Grammar, 603.
38. Brown, Epistles of John, 260.
39. Lieu, I, II, & III John, 57.