INDEX

Ability, 2, 5, 8

developed capabilities: 1, 2, 3, 11, 12, 21, 40, 103, 105, 106, 119

innate potential: 2, 3, 9, 11, 29–44

Ad Hominem Arguments, 1, 22, 30, 37, 84, 91, 97, 124, 150 (endnote 50)

Advantages, 106, 107–108

Affirmative Action, 44, 105, 115–127, 185–186 (endnote 65)

Africa and Africans, 2, 12, 20, 56, 109

Age, 11, 25, 114, 116

Agriculture, 13, 16–17, 20, 39, 57

America and Americans (see also Asian Americans; Black Americans; Hillbillies; Hispanic Americans; White Americans; White Southerners), 1–2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 17, 27, 33, 34, 43, 50–51, 63, 78, 84, 93, 114

American Economic Association, 34

American Sociological Association, 34

Animals, 14

Argentina, 3, 72–73

Aristotle, 40

Armenians, 3

Asia and Asians, 18, 108, 110

Asian Americans, 6, 7, 23, 44–46, 119, 120, 129

Athens, 39

Australia, 3, 73, 74, 168 (endnote 2)

Balkans, 39

Banks, 45–46, 86

Beauvoir, Simone de, 79

Becker, Gary S., 59

Beer, 3, 4, 106

Berlin, 3–4

Billionaires, 23, 49–50, 53, 64, 69, 109

Birth Order, 9, 21, 102

Black Americans, 5, 7, 10, 23–25, 26, 27, 28, 30–31, 32, 33, 42–46, 58–61, 83–84, 98–99, 106, 114–115, 116, 117, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 126, 127, 128–129, 144 (endnote 8), 152 (endnote 65), 160 (endnote 135), 186 (endnote 71)

Bohemia, 19

Bok, Derek, 123

Bowen, William, 123

Braudel, Fernand, 12

Brazil, 3

Brennan, William J., 98

Brigham, Carl, 33, 41–42, 92

Britain and Britons, 2, 10, 14–15, 17, 18, 19, 38, 40, 50–51, 71, 78

Buenos Aires, 73

Burke, Edmund, 50, 104, 114, 179 (endnote 127)

Burma, 109–110

Bush, George H.W., 66

Businesses, 2, 5, 18, 51–52, 86–87, 88, 100, 106, 112

California, 1–2, 3–4, 7, 43–44, 120–121, 123, 124

Cambridge University, 34

Canada and Canadians, 1, 17, 64, 85, 129

Catherine the Great, 110

Catholics, 8, 28

Cato Institute, 70

Causation, 20, 76, 102, 105

Certitude, 30, 42, 96, 97, 100, 104, 126

Chamberlain, Neville, 34

Chess Pieces, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 55, 56, 59, 62, 67

Chettiars, 109, 110

Chicago, 3–4, 25, 93

Children, 9–11, 20, 28, 29, 32–33, 89–91, 92, 95–96, 127

China and Chinese, 2, 3, 14–15, 17, 18, 20, 23, 40–41, 73, 84, 109, 110, 130

Christian Science Monitor, 66

Churchill, Winston, 34

Cicero, 38

City University of New York, 67

Civil Rights Laws, 115, 117, 118

Classes, 2, 11, 69

Climate, 1–2, 4

Colleges and Universities, 35, 42, 44, 72, 78, 100, 119–126, 186 (endnote 71)

Colombia, 73–74

Columbia University, 35, 37, 62, 93

Condorcet, Marquis de, 79, 97

Coolidge, Calvin, 52, 84

Cornell University, 41

Cosmic Justice, 102

Covid-19 Pandemic, 113

Crime, 10, 68–69, 83–84, 97, 98, 103, 128–129

Culture, 4, 6, 16–18, 19, 21, 26–27

Dalmatia, 19

Dangers, 100, 104, 113–114, 127–128

Davis, Benjamin O., Junior and Senior, 106

Davis, Bernard, 124, 185–186 (endnote 65)

Democracy, 49, 82, 93, 97

Demographic Representation, 1, 2, 3, 5–8, 108, 115, 118, 125

Dewey, John, 76, 93, 95–96, 150 (endnote 50)

Discrimination, 2, 4, 5–6, 7, 22, 27–28, 29, 31, 44–46, 59–60, 93, 117, 125

Diseases, 18, 21, 89–91

Dworkin, Ronald, 79

The Economist Magazine, 84, 102

Edison, Thomas, 78

Education, 5, 6, 7, 10, 19, 20, 21, 27, 31, 35, 72, 82, 93, 96, 117–118

accreditation: 125

admissions standards: 119

charter schools: 25

colleges and universities: 35, 42, 44, 72, 78, 100

discipline: 46

indoctrination: 35, 92, 111–112

law schools: 34, 96, 122, 123, 124, 125–126

medical schools: 118, 122

mismatching students: 119–124

retrogression: 129

sex education: 89–91, 126, 174 (endnote 68)

student athletes: 124–125, 186 (endnotes 71 and 72)

teachers: 46, 114

teachers unions: 114

test scores: 119, 121–123

Egypt, 15, 17

Ellis Island, 33, 38, 39

Ely, Richard T., 35, 36

Empirical Evidence, v, 6, 8, 22–29, 30, 31, 38, 41, 44–46, 49, 53, 70, 95, 99, 100, 108–109, 110–111, 115, 116, 119–124, 128

Employment, 5–6, 7, 8, 22, 44–45, 59–60, 82–85, 86, 87

Engineers, 5, 6, 7

Entertainment, 5

Environment, 4, 16–18

Epidemics, 19

Equality and Inequality, 1, 5, 6, 8, 9–16, 17, 78, 101–105

equal chances: 1–21, 103, 105

equal opportunity: 1, 7–8, 21, 47, 116, 117

equal outcomes: 1, 47, 104, 116

reciprocal inequalities: 4–8, 16, 40, 119

Euclid, 38, 40

Eugenics, 35, 36

Eurasian Landmass, 14

Europe and Europeans, 3–4, 12–13, 15–16, 19–20, 39, 40, 41, 68

Ancient Europe: 38, 39

Eastern Europe: 19, 33, 34, 38, 39, 73–74, 88

Northern Europe: 38, 39

Southern Europe: 33, 34, 38, 39

Western Europe: 19, 38, 39

Exploitation, 2, 41, 85, 86, 87, 110

Fabian Socialism, 78–79, 106

Families, 9–10, 20, 79, 86, 89, 102

married couples: 24, 27, 28, 65, 74, 114

single-parent families: 24–25, 27, 28–29, 127, 128–129

white families raising black orphans: 33

Famine, 19

Federal Reserve System, 54, 55

Finland, 17

Fisher, Irving, 35

Flynn, James R., 42–43, 44

Food, 3, 15, 56, 95

Fool, 74, 83

Ford, Henry, 78

France and French, 4, 12

Freedom or Liberty, 21, 22, 36, 37, 41, 48, 76, 82–83, 84, 89, 94–95, 104, 127

Friedman, Milton, 55, 59, 77, 80, 101, 104, 105

Galton, Sir Francis, 30

Genetic Determinism, 6, 8–9, 22, 23, 24, 29–44, 47, 79, 91, 92, 126, 129

Genocide, 35–36, 44

Geography, 3, 12–13, 31, 32–33, 39

George Mason University, 122–123, 125

Georgetown University, 124

Georgia, 31

Germany and Germans, 3, 18, 73, 106, 119

Goddard, H.H., 33

Godwin, William, 77, 92, 97, 106, 170 (endnote 19)

Government, 8, 31, 36–37, 40, 45, 46, 48, 49, 54, 55, 56, 57, 60–61, 68, 75, 77–78, 82, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 93–94, 96, 99, 101–102, 116–117, 118, 125, 126, 128, 130

Grant, Madison, 35, 37–38, 150 (endnote 51)

Greece and Greeks, 2, 32, 38, 39, 40, 41

Habsburg Empire, 2

Harvard, 13, 34, 35, 74, 96, 124

Hayek, F.A., 75, 77, 80, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104–105

Helper, Hinton, 28

Hillbillies, 26–27, 31, 32–33, 41, 57, 114

Hispanic Americans, 1, 7, 25, 120, 121

History, 2, 3, 12, 19, 20, 22, 23, 28, 34, 39, 40, 41, 47, 50

Hitler, Adolf, 36, 37

Homicide, 19, 98, 99, 126, 129

Honesty, 16–18, 21

Hong Kong, 84, 129

Hotels, 85–86

Housing, 45–46, 87–89, 95

Howard University, 123

Human Capital, 16–18, 19, 20–21

Ibos, 2

Iceland, 51–52

Immigrants, 32, 33, 39, 42, 72–74, 88–89, 168 (endnote 2)

Incas, 14

Income, 6, 7, 23, 32, 54, 62–70, 85–87, 108–111

India and Indians, 2, 18, 15, 23, 109, 110, 118, 127, 130

Industrial Revolution, 15–16, 78

Industries, 2, 21, 95–96

Inflation, 53–55, 83, 84

Intellectual Elites, 29, 34, 35, 44, 71, 77–78, 79, 80, 86, 92, 96–97, 98, 99, 100, 117, 126, 127, 128

Intelligence, 9, 42, 43, 82, 100, 152 (endnote 65), 159 (endnote 131), 160 (endnote 135)

Interest Rates, 85–86

Internal Revenue Service, 53, 64, 67

Ireland and Irish, 5, 74, 89

Iroquois, 14

Italy and Italians, 2, 3, 19, 32, 40, 73, 74, 88, 168 (endnote 2)

Japan and Japanese, 17, 23, 129

Jensen, Arthur R., 43–44

Jews, 5, 8, 17, 33, 61, 88, 109, 110, 119, 129

Johnson, Lyndon B., 66, 96, 116, 117

Jowett, Benjamin, 71, 75

Kahn, Herman, 109

Kennedy, John F., 116

Keynes, John Maynard, 34, 81

Knowledge, 15–16, 71–100, 103, 106, 113–114

consequential knowledge: 72–78, 80–81, 82, 83, 86, 89, 92, 93, 99, 100, 127

distribution of knowledge: 72, 74–77, 78–79, 80–81, 82, 83, 84, 114–115

higher and lower knowledge: 72, 74

omnicompetence: 80–81

unarticulated knowledge: 75

Korea and Koreans, 23

Kristof, Nicholas, 84

Krugman, Paul, 67, 150 (endnote 50)

Landes, David S., 15

Languages, 19, 20, 42, 93

Law, 5, 8, 34, 38, 49, 84, 96–97, 128, 179 (endnote 127)

Law Schools, 34, 96, 122, 123, 124, 125–126, 135 (endnote 37)

Leaders, 118, 126, 127

Lebanon and Lebanese, 2, 73–74

Liberty or Freedom, 21, 22, 36, 37, 41, 48, 76, 82–83, 84, 89, 94–95, 104, 127

Lincoln Memorial, 39

Literacy, 19, 38

Llamas, 14

London, 3–4

Los Angeles, 3–4, 43–44

MacArthur, Douglas, 106–107

Malaysia and Malays, 2, 7, 127

Manning, Archie, 107

Manning, Eli, 107

Manning, Peyton, 107

Marwaris, 2, 18

Marx, Karl, 18, 78–79, 109

Maryland, 5

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 34, 121–122

Mathematics, 38, 93

Media, 7, 44, 64, 80, 117, 118, 123

Medical Schools, 118, 122, 124

Medical Science, 21, 34, 61

Mediterranean Sea, 38

Mellon, Andrew, 52–53

Mental Tests, 25, 30–33, 39, 41–44, 119–120, 121, 122, 124, 159 (endnote 131)

Merit, 105–113

Mexican Americans, 23

Mexico and Mexicans, 17

Middle East, 39, 109

Migration, 72–74, 117–118

Military, 106–107, 108, 128

Mill, John Stuart, 18, 78, 111–112

Millionaires and Billionaires, 23, 49–50, 53, 54, 69, 109

Minimum Wage Laws, 57–60, 83–85, 114

Mismatching Students, 119–124

Morality, 48, 49, 65, 84, 101, 104, 106, 114, 125

Mountains and Foothills, 32–33

Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, v, 28, 29, 149 (endnote 42)

Murray, Charles, 43

Myrdal, Gunnar, 43

Nader, Ralph, 79

Napoleon, 19

Narratives, 115, 116, 117, 126

Nations, 2, 11

Natural Resources, 15–16

Nature, 1, 12–16

New York City, 3–4, 17, 18, 74, 129

New York Times, 56, 62, 66, 84, 98, 174 (endnote 68)

New Zealand, 42

Newton, Sir Isaac, 40

Nigeria and Nigerians, 2, 11, 20

Nixon, Richard, 55, 116

Non-Profit Organizations, 60–61

Northern United States, 30, 32

Noyes, Alfred, 41

Obama, Barack, 27, 62, 83, 108

Olmsted, Frederick Law, 28

Oregon, 51

Orphans, 33, 42

Ottoman Empire, 2

Oxford University, 71, 79

Pakistan and Pakistanis, 109

Paris, 3–4

Payday Loans, 85–87

Pencils, 76

Pierce Arrow Automobile, 41

Pilots, 21, 27

Plato, 40

Poland and Poles, 2, 61

Politics, 49, 53, 54–55, 64, 75, 92, 108–109, 113–114, 117, 118, 128

Portugal and Portuguese, 17, 19, 32

Pound, Roscoe, 34, 37, 96, 97

Pounds, N.J.G., 39

Poverty, 24, 27, 32, 34, 41, 68–69, 85–86, 95, 101, 109, 114, 115–117, 118, 127, 129–130

Power, 104, 112, 114, 127–128

Preempting Decisions, 79–80, 82, 86, 93, 97, 99, 112

Pregnancy, 89–90, 91

Prices, 55–56, 76

Princeton University, 92

Probability, 1, 19, 20, 21

Progressives, 8–9, 29–30, 34, 37, 38, 41, 44, 78–79, 82, 91, 92, 93, 95, 96–97

Puerto Rico and Puerto Ricans, 36

Pythagoras, 38, 40

Racism, 4, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 29–30, 58, 59, 113–115

Rawls, John, 48, 74, 76

Read, Leonard, 76

Reagan, Ronald, 66, 117

Reciprocal Inequalities, 4–8, 16, 40, 119

Redistribution of Income and Wealth, 49–55, 65–66, 69

Rent Control Laws, 57

Reynolds, Alan, 70

Rich People, 5, 49–55, 62, 67–69, 109

Riots, 117

Roman Empire, 3, 15, 38, 41, 55

Rome, 3–4

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 37–38

Roosevelt, Theodore, 34, 37–38

Ross, Edward A., 34, 37, 150 (endnote 50)

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 1, 15, 76, 78, 79

Russia and Russians, 18

Sander, Richard H., 123

Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), 33, 119–120

Science, 30, 41–42, 44, 78, 93, 96, 121

Scotland and Scots, 2, 4, 32

Seager, Henry Rogers, 35

Semple, Ellen Churchill, 27, 33

Sexes, 6–7, 10, 16, 27–28, 47, 82–83, 84, 89, 102

Shaw, George Bernard, 79, 106

Shriver, Sargent, 91–92

Silicon Valley, 6

Singapore, 84, 129

Slavery, 10, 28, 29, 38, 95

Slovaks, 32

Smith, Adam, 12, 48–49

Social Classes, 1, 10, 69–70

Social Justice

advocates: 5, 11, 61–62, 71, 74, 85, 86, 101–105, 109, 119, 128, 129, 130

agenda: 47, 115, 129

assumptions: 48, 50, 127

vision: 11, 48–49, 57, 82, 105, 127

vocabulary: 105–127

writings: 2–3, 6, 48

Society, 48, 74, 76, 78, 101–102

Sociology, 37, 97

Socrates, 40

Sorting People, 74

South Africa, 61

Southern Europe, 33, 34

Southern United States, 30–31, 32, 117

Sowell, Thomas, 45, 58

Spain and Spaniards, 19, 32, 72, 73

Spartacus, 95

Sri Lanka, 127

Stagnation, 66–67, 69, 78

Stanford University, 34

Statues, 39

Steele, Shelby, 116–117

Stigler, George J., 58, 80

Stiglitz, Joseph E., 62, 68

Stuyvesant High School, 129

Supreme Court of the United States, 8, 39, 98, 99, 135 (endnote 37)

Surrogate Decision-Makers, 57, 74–76, 80, 82, 86–89, 92, 93–94, 100, 103, 126

Sweden and Swedes, 1–2

Switzerland, 51, 84

Taussig, Frank, 35

Taxes, 36, 51–52, 69, 92

inflation “tax”: 53–55

tax rate vs. tax revenue: 50

Thernstrom, Abigail, 46

Thernstrom, Stephan, 46

Titanic, 72

Tocqueville, Alexis de, 25, 28

Transportation Costs, 12–15

Turnover, 62–64, 67, 68, 69–70

Uganda, 109, 110

Unemployment, 57, 58, 59, 83

United Nations, 17

United States of America (see also America and Americans; Asian Americans; Black Americans; Hispanic Americans; White Americans; White Southerners), 1–2, 3, 7, 9, 10, 39, 50, 55, 73, 109, 127

U.S. Air Force: 27, 114

U.S. Army: 30–31, 41, 42, 106–107

U.S. Treasury Department: 63–64

University of California, 43–44, 120–121, 124

University of California at Berkeley, 43–44, 120–121

University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), 120–121, 123

University of Chicago, 93

University of Michigan, 63, 68

Venice, 74

Violence, 22, 68–69, 88, 109–110

Visions, 21, 35, 48–49, 105

Walker, Francis A., 33

Wall Street Journal, 51

War, 19, 106–107

Warren, Earl, 98

Washington Post, 62, 66

Wealth, 18, 49–55, 69

Welfare State, 28, 29, 115

Wellington, Duke of, 19

Western Europe, 33, 34

Weyl, Walter E., 82–83, 124

White Americans (see also Hillbillies), 23, 24, 28, 30–31, 44–46, 114, 120, 122

White Northerners, 28, 32

White Southerners, 5, 25–26, 28, 30–31, 61

White Supremacy, 21, 28, 34, 61

Wicker, Tom, 66

Wilson, Woodrow, 36, 37, 52, 92, 93–94, 95

Winfrey, Oprah, 23

Woods, Tiger, 23

Wright Brothers, 78

Yale University, 35, 37, 94

Zero-Sum Processes, 107–108

Zimbabwe, 56