Adams, Dwight, 122
agricultural bags, 159
Alaska, influenza in, 10–11, 13–16, 18–19
Alexander, Lawrence, 136
Andes hantavirus, 38
anthrax attack, Washington, DC
African American concerns, 119
Ames strain identification, 120
assessment of, 127–128
Brentwood postal facility, 115–117
clean-up of affected buildings, 113, 118
culture collecting, 111–112
Daschle letter, 98–100
investigative team structure, 112–113
passive disease monitoring, 113
Saddam Hussein/Al Qaeda connection, 121–122, 126, 135
tracking Daschle letter, 114–115
unusual cases, 125
See also FBI
anthrax attacks in Florida, 101–102, 115
in New Jersey, 117
in New York City, 100–101, 115
as terrorism weapon, 103–104, 106–107, 111, 255
anthrax vaccine, 136–137
antibiotic resistance, 249, 253–254, 255
antigenic shift, 17
Argentina, hantavirus in, 37–38
avian flu, 23–24, 151–163, 167
genetically engineered H5N1, 162
H5N1 outbreaks, 23–24, 160–163, 167
human deaths from, 162
human-to-human transmission, 161
outbreak in poultry in Virginia, 151–160
pathotypes, 152–153
poultry apocalypse in American Midwest, 162–163
barrel surveillance, 157–158
bats, as disease hosts, 49, 59, 71, 151, 191
Belmar, Roberto, 40
Besser, Rich, 205
bioterrorism, 94, 103–104, 106–107, 109–110, 138–139, 176, 255. See also anthrax
bird flu. See avian flu
birds as disease reservoirs, 150
Black Creek virus, 34
Bolivian hemorrhagic fever (aka Machupo), 49, 55
Brazil, hantavirus in, 43–47
Brokaw, Tom, 100
Carter Center, 246
CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
bioterrorism program, 103, 107, 141
critical agent list, 107–108
Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado, 146, 147
emergency response reevaluation, 128–129
Epidemic Intelligence Service, 6
evolution of, 5–6
manual for infectious disease management, 55
Special Pathogens Branch, 28, 55, 75
viral surveillance systems, 14, 65, 72, 82, 113, 142, 147, 157–158, 219–223
CDC investigations
chronic fatigue syndrome, 6
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, 48–54
diarrhea on cruise ship, 6–9
Ebola, 57–72 (See also Sierra Leone outbreak; Zaire outbreak)
Ebola-Reston virus, 150–151
hantavirus, 28–32, 34, 37–38, 40–47
post-Katrina New Orleans, 207–215
study of influenza vaccines in Russia, 22–23
West Nile virus, 145–147
See also anthrax; avian flu; SARS
Chan, Margaret, 178
Chapman, Louisa, 29
Chertoff, Michael, 198
chickenpox, 76
Chile, hantavirus in, 40–43
cholera, 9
chronic fatigue syndrome, 6
Cleary, Eilish, 218–219
climate change, infectious diseases and, 251–253
Clinton, Bill, 107
Compass, Eddie, 208
condors, vaccination of, 149
Conteh, Palo, 220
coronavirus, 183–184
Courvoisier, Delphine, 222, 223
Cox, Nancy, 169
Craven, Matt, 241
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), 48–49
cross protection, 17
Daschle, Tom, 98
Decker, Scott, 108
Dowell, Scott, 169
dracunculiasis, 245–246
dromedary camels, as disease hosts, 191
Dubai, 50
Ebola, 12, 49, 57, 58–60, 62–63. See also Sierra Leone outbreak; Zaire outbreak
Ebola-Reston virus, 150–151
Eisold, John, 110
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 113, 124
Ettestad, Paul, 141
Ezzell, John, 120
FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), 99–102, 108, 110, 113–114, 118, 120–126, 128, 130–131, 133, 134, 136, 138, 140
fecal transplants, 74
FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency), 208–209
Fielding, Jonathan, 213
Florida, anthrax in, 101–102, 115
Florida, hantavirus in, 34
flu. See influenza
Fort Detrick, 55, 105, 112, 123, 126, 130–135
Four Corners area, hantavirus in, 29, 32
Frieden, Tom, 142
Gabon, Ebola virus in, 59–60
germ theory, 10
Global Outbreak and Alert Response Network, 166
gonorrhea, 255
Goodman, Rick, 35
Groen, Guido van der, 57
Guillian-Barré syndrome, 20
Guinea worms, 245–246
Haigwood, Nancy, 132–133
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (aka Sin Nombre virus), 29–36, 40, 43, 49
hantaviruses, 28–30, 34–38, 40
Hatfill, Steven, 122–124, 126, 136, 138
hemagglutinin, 17
hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, 28, 31, 49
henipaviruses, 254
herpes B virus, 151
Hingle, Jeff, 195
H2N2 virus, 21
H3N2 virus, 21
H5N1 virus, 23–24, 160–162, 167–169
H5N2, 162–163
H5N8 virus, 162–163
H7N2 virus, 152–153
Homeland Security, 128
hosts, of diseases, 16, 18, 49, 59, 160, 191
Human microbiome. See Microbiome, human
Hurricane Katrina, 194–214
CDC responsibilities, 212–213
development of, 195
emergency preparedness and, 202–204, 209–210
evacuation, 196–198
flooding, 198–202
health concerns, 206
levee system weaknesses, 199–201
poor people, plight of, 197, 214
post-Katrina disaster response, 205–210
preparation for, 195–196
rumors of environmental hazards, 210–211
Superdome shelter, 207–208
Idaho, hantavirus in, 34–36
index patient, 9
infectious diseases
antibiotic resistance, 249–250, 255
climate change, 251–253
political situations, 250
population growth, 250–251
prevention, 255–259
infections, health care acquired, 59, 65, 67, 70, 71, 84, 168, 171–172, 181, 191, 221–222, 225, 249, 251, 254, 255, 258
influenza, 10–25
1918 pandemic (Spanish flu), 10–12, 20–21
Asian pandemic, 21
death from, 19
future pandemic, 253–254
genetic shifts, 13
Hong Kong flu, 21
humans as hosts, 18
immunity to, 17–18
influenza B Panama, 19
origin of viruses, 18
preventive measures, 13, 18, 19
viral proteins, 17
See also avian flu
Integrative Disease Surveillance and Response, 219
Iskandar, John, 93
Ivanovsky, Dmitry, 21–22
Ivins, Bruce, 130–138
Jahrling, Peter, 121
Japanese B encephalitis, 147
Khabbaz, Rima, 110
Khan, Ali
airport detentions, 96–98
background, 4–5
as disease detective for CDC, 4–5
exposure to diseases, 185
halal, butchering according to, 87–88
See also CDC investigations
Korean hemorrhagic fever, 28–29
Lahaye, Jean-Pierre, 57
Lambert, Richard L., 134
Langmuir, Alex, 6
Layton, Marci, 145–146
Leavitt, Mike, 192
Lillibridge, Scott, 107
Ling Ai Ee, 179
Liu Jianlun, 168
Lyme disease, 253
Macfarlane, Alan, 14–15
macrophages, 12
Manning, Terence, 192
Marburg virus, 58
Marra, Marco, 183
Maupin, Gary, 54
Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), 61, 66, 224, 225, 248
mefloquine, 217
MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome), 190–191, 254
Meselson, Matthew, 106
Metropole Hotel, Hong Kong, 167, 169, 170, 176, 181
Miasma, 9
microbiome, human, 74
Midwest, monkeypox in, 92–95
Moens, Andre, 57
monkeypox
description, 75–76
in Midwest, 92–95
smallpox vaccinations and, 76–77, 82, 91
monkeys as disease reservoirs, 150
mosquito nets, 88
mosquitoes, as disease vectors, 43, 146, 147, 163, 254
Muyembe-Tamfum, Jean-Jacques, 56, 57, 61
Nagin, C. Ray, 196–198, 203, 205, 208
Navin, Phil, 205
neuraminidase, 17
New Mexico, plague in, 141
New Orleans. See Hurricane Katrina
Nixon, Richard M., 105
Norwalk virus, 7–8
Oman, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in, 54
One Health approach to disease prevention, 45, 51–52
pandemic, defined, 11
panzoonotic disease, 161
patient zero, 70–71
penicillin, 19
Pesik, Nicki, 212
Peters, Clarence James “CJ,” 55
Piña, Dr., 41
plasma therapy, 43
pneumonia, 19
poultry flu. See avian flu
poultry industry, 155–156
prairie dogs, monkeypox and, 92–95
prairie dogs, plague and, 144–145
prevention of pandemics, 255–259
rabies, 39
Red Cross, 64, 66, 203, 206, 225
red diarrhea, 54
Reston ebolavirus, 62
Reye’s syndrome, 15
ricin, 103
Rift Valley fever, 163–164
ring vaccination, 91
rodents, role of in disease transmission, 28, 33–34, 42, 43, 45–46
Rosenberg, Barbara Hatch, 123
Rubin, Carol, 192
Salguero, Elsa, 40
San Francisco, plague in, 143–144
SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), 165–190, 254
CDC investigation procedure, 172
China’s disease-monitoring, 187
cumulative number of cases (chart), 188–189
disease control strategies, 170, 178–179, 184, 186
first reported cases, 165–167
global health alerts, 169, 179
identification of coronavirus, 183–184
index patient, 168
masked palm civets as source, 186
Metropole Hotel involvement, 167, 169, 170, 176, 181
in North America, 171
pandemic, possibility of, 254
quarantine, use of, 185–186
in Singapore, 179–186
virus identity search, 172–176
Saudi Arabia, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in, 52–53
Saudi Arabia, MERS in, 191
scientists as terrorists, 75, 94, 103–105, 138–139
Seoul virus, 33
Sespi, Okitolonda, 78
sexually transmitted diseases, 230–231, 254–255
Sierra Leone, Ebola outbreak in, 216–244
asymptomatic transmission, 231
data collection problems, 221–223, 227–230
difficulties for health practitioners, 220
engaging local populations, 235–240
forced quarantines, 234
government corruption, 241
infection of health care workers, 221–222
National Ebola Response Center (NERC), 220
NGO money, effect of, 240–241
reliable information, importance of, 242–244
sexual transmission, 230–231
tracing chain of transmission, 229
traditional healers, treatment by, 233, 240
visits to remote villages, 224–228, 230, 231–232
Sims, William, 154
Sin Nombre virus (hantavirus pulmonary syndrome), 31–36, 38
Snow, John, 9
Soho, cholera in, 9
Soviet Union, influenza immunizations in, 22–23
Soviet Union biological weapons research program, 105–107
Spertzel, Richard, 138
spontaneous generation theory, 4
St. Louis encephalitis, 146, 147, 149
Sudan, Ebola virus in, 58–59
Suok Kai Chow, 182
superspreaders, 72, 170, 181, 182
T-cells, 12
Tempest, George, 26
ticks, as disease hosts, 49, 52
UAE, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in, 48–52
Uganda, West Nile virus in, 147
Unity State, Sudan, 246–248
US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 28, 55, 105
US biological weapons research program, 105
US Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Program, 103, 107, 141
US Department of Agriculture, 154, 157
US public health agencies, 212
USAID, 63–64
Vega, Jeanette, 40
Veneman, Ann, 157
viral hemorrhagic fevers, 49
viral proteins, 17
viral surveillance systems, 14, 41, 43, 65, 68, 72
Virginia, poultry flu in, 151–163
virology, 22
viruses
behavior, 16
host factors, 39
origin of, 18
See also names of specific viruses
Warner, Mark, 157
Weeks, Julia, 54
Wells, Rachel, 37
West Nile virus, 145–150
World Health Organization (WHO), 1, 40, 60, 68, 75, 161, 164, 166, 169, 173, 177, 184, 224, 234
yellow fever, 76
Zabulon, Yoti, 223–224
Zaire, Ebola outbreak in, 57–72
blood sample analysis, 57–58
CDC’s involvement in, 61, 64–65
control of virus spread, 69–70
data collection, 68–69
disease transmission, 67–71
first reports of illness, 54–56
hospital conditions, 65–67
patient zero, 70–71