Index

Abbott, Paul, 129

abortion, 218–19

abstention from voting. See voter abstention

abusive customers, 146, 148

Activities Abroad, 4–5

advertising executives, 159

Advertising Standards Authority, 3

Afghan War, 256–57

Aitkenhead, Decca, 121

alcohol use. See drinking

Alexander, Claire, 219

Al-Fayed, Mohammed, 141

Alibhai-Brown, Yasmin, 117–18

Aliens Bill (1904), 43

ambition, 10, 89–91 passim, 107, 133, 171–77 passim, 250, 258

Anderson, Bruce, 23

‘anti-racist chav-bashing’, 117–18

anti-Semitism, 244–45

Anti-Social Behaviour Orders (ASBOs), 95, 213

Argentina, 70

Ashburn, John, 188

Ashington, Northumberland, 185–90, 193–94, 212

aspiration. See ambition

Astor, Annabel, 75

Attlee, Clement, 105, 252

Austerity Britain (Kynaston), 139–40

auto industry, 149–51 passim, 190–93 passim, 225, 227

Baggini, Julian, 89

Bailey, Shaun, 210

Baldwin, Stanley, 41

Balfour, Alfred, 41

Balls, Ed, 242

Baltimore, 79

banks and banking, 53–54, 141, 156, 159, 161, 164

Barbour, Aaron, 196

Barking and Dagenham, London, 224–37 passim

Barnbrook, Richard, 226, 231

Barnes, Martin, 66, 215–16

Barrow-in-Furness, 199

Battle of Orgreave, 56–57

BBC, 128–29, 238

Beatty, Christina, 198

Becht, Bart, 163

The Bell Curve (Murray), 81

Benn, Tony, 50, 55, 58, 152, 258

Bennett, Alan, 110

Bevan, Aneurin (‘Nye’), 34, 105

Bevin, Ernest, 105

Big Brother (television series), 122–26

‘Bigotgate’ scandal, 85–86

billionaires, 75, 141, 163, 165

Bird, John, 116

Birmingham, 190–95 passim, 244, 256

Blair, Tony, 49, 96, 100–101, 139, 169, 187, 214, 254, 266

Blairism and Blairites, 29, 90, 101, 252

Blears, Hazel, 84, 90, 91, 97–99 passim, 103, 157, 208, 209, 241, 267

BMW, 149–50

BNP. See British National Party

Bok, Lee, 2, 112

Boles, Nicholas, 80

borrowing. See personal debt

boys: demonization and blame, 24, 78, 91

Brinkley, Ian, 150–51

British Airways, 153

British Crime Survey, 65

British Empire, 233

British National Party (BNP), 102, 103, 117, 221–37 passim, 253, 257, 259

Brons, Andrew, 222

Brown, Gordon, 85–92 passim, 101, 102, 162, 237, 239, 242

Bucharuin, Julian, 66

Budd, Alan, 51

Bullingdon Club, 75, 95

bullying, 146

Bushby, Julie, 17

Button, Helena, 173

Byers, Stephen, 101

Callaghan, James, 49–50, 88, 260

call centre workers, 147–49, 155, 158, 176

Cambridge University, 172, 180

Cameron, David, 25, 29, 30, 39, 73–82 passim, 167, 194–96 passim, 209, 242

Cameron on Cameron, 75

cancer, 125–26

capital punishment. See death penalty

Carey, John, 125

Carlton Television, 75

Centre for Social Justice, 25, 77

CEOs, 163–64, 243–44

Chadwick, Mark, 134

Charlton, Bruce, 11

‘chav’ (word), 2, 7–8, 27, 120

Chav! (Wallace and Spanner), 112–13

The Chav Guide to Life (Bok), 112

Chav Hunter, 121

child abuse, 23

children, 33, 91, 95, 130–31, 210–14 passim, 264

education of, 172–80 passim

See also boys; kidnapping cases

Chile, 45

Church of England, 43

City of London. See London

civil servants. See public service workers

Clark, Katy, 29–30, 36

class consciousness and self-identity, 33, 48–49, 141, 142

class denial, 98–100 passim, 248, 258

class mobility, 10, 37, 97–98, 179, 182

classism in media. See media classism

classist jokes, 1–2, 114

cleaners (people), 104, 159

Clifford, Max, 125

clubs. See social clubs

cocaine, 215

Cohen, Nick, 139, 250, 257

Cole, John, 54

collectivism, 47

comedians, 2, 9, 111, 122, 127

Communications Workers Union, 155

community, 142–43, 160, 185–91 passim, 210–13, 233, 258

comprehensive schools, 179–80

compulsory sterilization, 18–19, 38

Confederation of British Industry (CBI), 150, 161

Conservative Party, 11, 24, 39–84 passim, 202–3, 254

‘Broken Britain’ and, 78, 183, 194, 214, 216

Central Office, 75

council housing and, 60, 207, 209

education and, 178, 179

family and, 77–78, 216, 217

immigration policy, 222

incapacity benefits ands, 200

tax policy, 265

unemployment and, 260

working-class support of, 42, 44, 69

consumerism, 158, 205

Coronation Street (television series), 110, 132

council housing, 34–35, 69, 86, 87, 103, 206–9 passim, 261

Barking and Dagenham, 229

Carole Malone on, 21–22

drugs and, 215

Jade Goody and, 123, 125

in jokes, 114

Labour Party and, 230

proposed demolition, 81

proposed relocation of tenants, 80–81

in website attacks, 112

See also ‘right-to-buy’ scheme (council housing)

Cranley, Liam, 9

‘credit crunch’. See personal debt

crime, 65, 81, 83, 121, 213, 214. See also fear of crime; murder and murderers

Crosland, Tony, 44

Cruddas, Jon, 89, 94, 100, 122, 229, 230, 241, 254, 258

‘cultural capital’, 172–73, 182

Cunningham, Mary, 145–47, 154–55, 176

currency, 49–50, 52, 140. See also devaluation

Dagenham. See Barking and Dagenham, London

Daily Express, 124

Daily Mail, 5, 14, 19–28 passim, 111, 113–14, 119

on class, 139

on Eden Lake, 131

website comments, 6

Daily Telegraph. See Telegraph

Daley, Janet, 115–16, 118–19

Davidson, Jim, 127

Davis, David, 46, 52–53, 82–84, 151, 179

Davis, Evan, 118

The Day the Immigrants Left (television series), 118

Dear, Jeremy, 22–23, 28

death penalty, 131–32

debt, personal. See personal debt

de-industrialization, 74, 80, 140–46 passim, 194–99 passim, 211, 230, 259

Delingpole, James, 114–15, 128

demonization, 72, 84, 87, 94, 107, 182–83, 269

of boys, 24, 78, 91

of football fans, 67–69, 135

of public sector, 162

of working-class schools, 177

of young people, 95, 211

deregulation, 62, 157

devaluation, 88

Dewsbury, West Yorkshire, 13–37 passim

Diamond, John, 126

Dickens, Charles, 109

disability benefits. See incapacity benefits

Disraeli, Benjamin, 42, 71

divorce, 186

Donaldson, Liam, 114

Donovan, Michael, 22, 32

Dorling, Danny, 9–10

drama, 110, 137

dressing up as ‘chavs’, 119–21 passim

drinking, 114–15, 126, 128, 129

drug policy, 66

drug use and addiction, 65–66, 73, 74, 122, 188, 190, 215–16

Duckenfield, David, 68

Duffield, Brendan, 228–29

Duffy, Gillian, 85

Duncan Smith, Iain, 25, 77, 78, 80, 92, 197–98, 202

EastEnders (television series), 132

Eastern European immigrants, 241

economic crisis of 2008. See Great Recession

economic globalization. See globalization

Eden, Anthony, 69

Eden Lake, 130–31

education, 120–21, 141, 171–80

elections, 162, 222

BNP and, 222–26 passim, 232, 236

Cameron and, 73

general election (2010), 85–89 passim, 105, 221, 236, 242, 245, 253, 254

Heath and, 54–55

Thatcher and, 69–70

Elliott, Larry, 53, 86, 140, 195, 196, 205, 261

employee turnover. See staff turnover

Enfield, Harry, 111

English Defence League, 245

Estates (Hanley), 206

ethnic minorities, 123–24, 221–22, 231, 243–44, 249

Eton College, 29, 75, 76

eugenics, 19, 38, 45–46. See also compulsory sterilization

European Working Time Directive, 160–61

Evans, Gillian, 102, 179, 225

Everytown (Baggini), 89

eviction, 209–10

executive pay. See CEO pay

Faber, George, 129–30

Fairhurst, Becky, 126

Falklands War, 70

family, 77–78, 81, 179, 212–17 passim. See also divorce

far right, 222–24 passim, 233–34, 245, 246, 258. See also British National Party (BNP)

fear of crime, 43, 214

fear of immigration, 224, 238

fear of Islam. See Islamophobia

fear of unions, 49

fear of working class, 78, 130–32, 211

Field, Frank, 21, 223

films, 110–11, 130–31

financial crisis of 2008. See Great Recession

financial services deregulation, 62

Finding, Deborah, 129

Finland, 179

First International. See International Workingmen’s Association

fitness clubs. See health clubs

Flint, Caroline, 86, 87

Flynn, Paul, 256

Foot, Michael, 70

football, 67–69, 134–36, 142, 228

Ford Motor Company, 225, 227, 230

Formby, Jennie, 153–54

Forsythe, Robert, 58

Fothergill, Steve, 198

Frankel, Hannah, 122

free school meals. See school meals

‘free schools’, 178

Frears, Stephen, 63, 110, 132

Freud, David, 92

Friedman, Milton, 45

Gall, Gregor, 50, 153, 267

Galloway, George, 256

gangs, 212, 213

General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE), 172, 175

A-levels, 171, 179

O-levels, 146, 179

general strikes, 41, 55

Getty, John Paul, 75

Gibson, Keith, 238

Gilfoyle, Adrian, 56–58, 151, 216

Gingerbread, 205, 216

Gini coefficient, 37

Gladstone, William, 43

Glasgow, 73, 74, 76, 199, 233, 253

globalization, 157, 239, 242, 243, 268

Goldthorpe, John, 97–99 passim, 160, 176, 179

Goody, Jade, 122–26

Gove, Michael, 80

grammar schools, 179

Grayling, Chris, 25–26, 78–79

Greater London Council, 224, 226

Great Recession, 140, 141, 147, 150, 156, 158, 164

Green, Michael, 75

Green, Philip, 165

Greenhalgh, Stephen, 81

Greenslade, Roy, 16

Griffin, Nick, 222, 236

Griffiths, Glyn, 19

Gymbox, 3–4

Haberdashers’ Aske’s Boys’ School, 127

Hackney, London, 224, 244

Hammersmith and Fulham Council, 81

Hanley, Lynsey: Estates, 206

Hannan, Daniel, 77

Hari, Johann, 26–28 passim, 37–38, 116, 127, 264

Harman, Harriet, 249

Harvey, Oliver, 120

Hattenstone, Simon, 141

Hayes, Billy, 117, 233, 243, 267

health clubs, 3–4

Heath, Edward, 45, 54, 59

Heatherdown Preparatory School, 74–75

Heffer, Simon, 6–7, 56, 58–59, 97, 124, 185, 213

heroin, 216

Heseltine, Michael, 43, 60

higher education. See universities

Hillsborough Disaster (1989), 68–69, 134, 135

Hilton, Richard, 3–4

Hodge, Margaret, 103

Hogarth, William, 126, 128

homelessness, 61, 86, 88, 209

home ownership, 61–62, 143–44

hooligan stereotype, 67, 69, 135, 136

Horowitz, Anthony, 95

hotel and restaurant workers, 153–54, 243

House of Commons, 29

House of Lords, 106

housing, 60–62, 69, 207–10, 257, 261

Barking and Dagenham, 226–31 passim, 235, 236

See also council housing

Howard, Michael, 162

Howe, Geoffrey, 51–54 passim, 62–63, 69, 71

Howells, Kim, 256

Howse, Christopher, 8

Hunt, Jeremy, 11

identity politics, 255

Imlach, Gary, 134

immigrants and immigration, 43, 102–4 passim, 118, 189, 221–46 passim, 263–64

immigrant workers, 153, 238–39, 243

incapacity benefits, 187, 197–202 passim, 260

income, 143, 144–45, 151

of CEOs, 163–64

child reading skills and, 172

of father and son, 182

of journalists’ families, 181–82

personal debt and, 158

of public service workers, 162

See also salaries; wages

individualism, 82, 84, 90, 183, 220, 249, 250

home ownership and, 143

John Bird and, 116

Thatcherism and, 10, 47, 61–64 passim, 71, 99, 107, 250

in the workplace, 156

industry, 150–53 passim, 260–61. See also auto industry; de-industrialization; manufacturing; textile industry

inequality, 9–10, 37–38, 63–64, 83, 99, 164–66 passim, 205, 265

celebration of, 83–84, 250

justification for, 83–84, 137, 182–83

‘meritocracy’ and, 97

in pay, 163–64

inflation, 49–53 passim, 197

informal work, 196, 197

inheritance tax, 101

The Intellectual Life of the British Working Classes (Rose), 255

interest rates, 52, 53

internationalism, 268

International Labour Organization, 266

International Workingmen’s Association, 281n1

internet: ‘anti-chav hatred’ and, 109, 121. See also websites

internships. See unpaid internships

interracial marriage, 222, 244

‘I Predict a Riot’, 134

Iqbal, Khizar, 21

Iraq War, 256, 257

Ireland, 43, 241

Islamophobia, 234, 256

Jackson, Ian, 189–90

Jamie Oliver’s School Dinners (television series), 114

Janes, Laura, 181

Jeffries, Stuart, 124

The Jeremy Kyle Show (television chat show), 127

job creation, 162, 235, 239, 261

Jobseeker’s Allowance, 92, 195, 196–97, 201

job status, 158–60 passim

Johnson, Alan, 91

Johnson, Boris, 76, 210

Johnson, Jo, 76

Johnson, Rachel, 76, 119, 129, 169–71, 177

Johnson, Stanley, 76

jokes, classist. See classist jokes

Jones, David, 57

Jones, Dylan, 75

Joseph, Keith, 44–46, 143

Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 127, 196, 204, 212, 213

Kaiser Chiefs, 134

kidnapping cases, 13–38 passim

Kinnock, Neil, 40, 51, 59, 60, 70–71, 111, 144, 178

Kitchen, Chris, 55, 71, 242

Knight, India, 15, 16

Kynaston, David, 59, 111, 139–40

labour, informal. See informal work

labour, part-time. See part-time work

labour, temporary. See temporary work

labour laws 41–42, 50, 71, 152–53, 266

labour market, 94, 157, 199, 242

Labour Party, 10, 24, 40–44 passim, 49–53 passim, 69–71 passim, 84–109 passim, 220, 249

BNP and, 231, 235

criminal justice policy, 214

declining loyalty towards, 220, 246, 252–54 passim, 258

education and, 178

housing policy, 34, 60, 208–9, 229, 230

immigration policy, 241

incapacity benefits and, 200

Miners’ Strike and, 58

poverty and, 203–4

Social Exclusion Unit, 99

Thatcherism in, 91, 98–99, 251–55 passim, 258

unemployment and, 260

working-class income decline and, 156–57

See also Blairism and Blairites; ‘Old Labour

labour productivity, 157

Labour’s Two Nations, 79

Lady, 76, 169

Lawlor, Eilís, 151–52, 260–61

Lawson, Nigel, 62, 63

lawyers, 181, 243

layoffs, 31, 149–50, 162, 164, 187–92 passim, 198, 199

Leahy, Terry, 163

Leishman, Carl, 148–49, 164, 247–48

Lewis, Jemima, 113

libraries, 212

Liddle, Rod, 125

Lilley, Peter, 67, 80

Lindsey oil refinery, 237–38

literature, 109, 110

The Little Book of Chavs (Bok), 2, 112

Little Britain (television series), 2, 127–29

Littlejohn, Richard, 124–25, 128

Littlewood, Joan, 137

Liverpool, 43, 80

football clubs and fans, 68–69

Livingstone, Ken, 88, 90, 106–7, 152, 224, 235, 241–42, 266–67

Llewellyn, Rhidian, 75

Lloyd, Danielle, 124

Loach, Ken, 132, 136–37

London, 88, 140, 141, 152, 159, 254–57 passim

ethnic minorities, 244

housing, 210

immigration and, 224–37 passim, 241–42

See also Greater London Council; Hammersmith and Fulham Council

Longbridge, Birmingham, 190–95 passim

long-term disability. See incapacity benefits

Loughton, Tim, 80

Lucas, Matt, 127, 128

Lynch, Mary, 144, 193

MacDonald, Robert, 200–201, 211

Macmillan, Harold, 44

Maguire, Kevin, 17, 27, 29, 30, 49, 119

Major, John, 197

Malone, Carole, 21–22

Manchester, 79, 129

Manchester United football club, 134

Mandelson, Peter, 252

Mann, John, 216

manufacturing, 35–36, 52–54 passim, 140, 146, 152, 158–59, 173, 199

marriage, interracial. See interracial marriage

Marx, Karl, 144, 223

Marsh, Jane, 200

Matthews, Karen, 16–37 passim

Matthews, Shannon, 13–38 passim

McCann, Madeleine, 13–17 passim

Maude, Francis, 80

McDonagh, Melanie, 23

McDonnell, John, 203–4, 208, 256, 260, 264, 266

McInally, John, 147, 148, 155

McKibbin, Ross, 44, 83, 158–59

McLean, Alistair, 5

McTernan, John, 214

media, 109–38 passim

media classism, 113–15, 119. See also news media classism

Meehan, Craig, 19, 22, 32

meritocracy, 96–97, 159, 167, 169

Merthyr Tidfil, Wales, 93, 202

MG Rover, 151, 190–93 passim

Middle Britain, 250

Milburn, Alan, 90, 97

Miliband, Ed, 254

military service, 186

Millar, Fiona, 172–78 passim

millionaires in Cabinet, 76–77

miners’ strikes, 54–59

mining and mining communities, 151, 160, 185–90, 194, 216

minimum wage, 203–4

minorities. See ethnic minorities

Moat, Raoul, 6

Moir, Jan, 126

Morgan, Rod, 95

Morrison, Herbert, 263

Moss Side, Manchester, 78–79

mothers. See single mothers; working-class mothers

Mott, Joe, 22

Mount, Ferdinand, 42

MPs

class background, 30, 104–7 passim

interns and, 181

women as, 255–56

Mukerhjee, Sarah, 117

multiculturalism, 101–2, 225, 234, 245

murder and murderers, 6, 31, 79, 131, 214

Murphy, Richard, 31, 64, 165, 265

Murray, Charles, 81–82

music, 133–34

Muslims, 234, 245, 256

National Centre for Social Research, 115

National Graphical Association, 50

National Health Service (NHS), 239

National Insurance, 165

nationalism, 232–33

National Law Party, 222

National Union of Teachers, 173

Neil, Richard, 124

Neill, Bob, 84

Nelson, Robin, 130

nepotism, 170

New Economics Foundation, 159

New Labour. See Labour Party

news media classism, 13–33 passim, 69, 106, 124

news media immigrant-bashing, 231

newspaper workers’ strikes, 50

New Unionism, 267

Nickell, Stephen, 240

‘nigger’ (word), 9

night shifts, 160

noblesse oblige, 43, 76

Nolan, Barry, 5

Northumberland County Council, 188

Nottingham Forest football club, 68

Obama, Barack, 259

occupational status. See job status

occupations’ social value. See social value of occupations

oil refinery workers, 237–38

Old Labour, 87–88

Oliver, Jamie, 114

opinion polls. See public opinion polls

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 182

Orgreave, South Yorkshire, 56–57

Orr, Deborah, 136

Orwell, George, 13, 109

Osborne, George, 263

Ostberg, Bertil, 178

overtime, unpaid. See unpaid overtime

Owen, Margaret, 226

Oxford Union, 138

Oxford University, 120–21, 172, 180

‘Paki’ (word), 1, 9, 244

Pakistani workers, 242

Parliament, 29, 30, 104–5

interns and, 181

women candidates, 255–56

See also House of Commons; House of Lords; MPs

part-time work, 149, 150, 195, 259

Patten, Alfie, 24, 78

Patterson, Christina, 27

PCS. See Public and Commercial Services Union (PCS)

Pearson, Allison, 14–15, 16

Pemberton, Max, 218

Penning, Mike, 30–31

personal debt, 143, 158, 258

Phillips, Melanie, 18

Pickett, Kate, 83, 268

Pinochet, Augusto, 45

Pitcher, Simon, 32, 36

Plaid Cymru, 233

Platell, Amanda, 119

plays. See drama

police, 50, 56-57, 68–69

Policy Exchange, 80

polls. See public opinion polls

Poor Laws, 38

Pound, Stephen, 90, 131, 136

poverty, 33, 63–65 passim, 73–77 passim, 91, 99, 203–5

class identity and, 141, 142

class mobility and, 97

home ownership and, 143

Powell, Enoch, 118, 237, 247

powerlessness, 248

pregnancy, teenage. See teenage pregnancy

Prescott, John, 29, 106

Prince Harry, 244

Prince William, 120

prisoners and prisons, 213–14, 227

private schools, 2, 5, 26–29 passim, 74–75, 77, 171–72

call to abolish, 96, 171

privatization, 152, 263

professional occupations, 144, 181–82

ethnic minorities in, 243–44

immigrants in, 239

unemployment rate, 202

voter turnout and, 253

See also lawyers; university professors

Public and Commercial Services Union (PCS), 93, 147, 155

public libraries, 212

public opinion polls, 77, 127, 248, 258, 267–68

on class identity, 33, 141

on immigration laws, 237

on interracial marriage, 222

on Margaret Thatcher, 70

on unions, 155–56

Public Order Act (1986), 65

public service workers, 49–50, 161–63, 176–77, 202–3, 263, 267

Purnell, James, 87–88, 92–94, 104–5, 142, 252

quality of life, 157

‘queer’ (word), 9

race, 8–9, 101–4 passim, 116–19 passim, 225, 230, 234. See also interracial marriage

racism, 118, 122–25 passim, 222–23, 244. See also ‘anti-racist chav-bashing’

Rail and Maritime Transport Union, 155

Rathbone, Tim, 75

reality television, 122–26

recessions, 2008–2009. See Great Recession

Reckitt Benckiser, 163

Reid, Melanie, 17

Respect Party, 256

restaurant workers. See hotel and restaurant workers

retail workers, 145–47 passim, 154, 243. See also supermarket workers

rich people. See wealthy people

Ridley Plan, 58

right-to-buy scheme (council housing), 34–35, 60–62, 69, 87, 229

The Rise of Meritocracy (Young), 96

Rochdale, 85

Roper, Carl, 156

Rose, Jonathan: The Intellectual Life of the British Working Classes, 255

Ross, Jonathan, 114

Rotherham, South Yorkshire, 89

Rover. See MG Rover

Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. See Sandhurst

Saatchi & Saatchi, 51

Salaheen, Jumana, 240

salaries, 151, 204

of call centre workers, 148, 149

class identity and, 141

of football players, 135

of hairdressers, 152

of MPs, 104

Salisbury, Robert Cecil, Marquess of, 41, 42

Sampson, Adam, 86

Sandhurst, 120

scandals, 85–86

Scargill, Arthur, 55–56, 58, 59

Schlessinger, Laura, 9

school meals, 84, 113, 114, 172, 173, 180

schools. See comprehensive schools; ‘free schools’; grammar schools; private schools; universities

Scottish Nationalist Party (SNP), 233, 253

Seaman, Peter, 213

segregation in education, 177–80 passim

Serwotka, Mark, 59, 93–94, 145, 161–62, 232

sex crimes, 19, 80

Shameless (television series), 20, 21, 30, 129–30

The Shape of Business—The Next Ten Years, 150

Shaw, George Bernard, 39

Sheffield, England, 68–69, 175

Sheffield, Samantha, 75

Shelter, 61, 86

Shetty, Shilpa, 123–24

Shipman, Harold, 31

Short, Clare, 160, 173, 205, 240, 244, 251–52

Sikka, Prem, 162

single mothers, 82, 121, 127–29, 188–89, 217, 218

single parents, 11, 34, 66–67, 82, 216–17

snobbery, 113, 138

Soames, Nicholas, 106

soap operas, 132

social cleansing, 209, 210

social clubs, 191, 212

Social Darwinism, 11, 172

social mobility. See class mobility

social value of occupations, 159, 262

Spanner, Clint, 112

The Spirit Level (Wilkinson and Pickett), 9, 83, 268

staff turnover, 146, 148

sterilization, compulsory. See compulsory sterilization

Stockport, 142, 173–74

strikes, 41–42, 49–50, 54–59, 153, 237–38. See also general strikes

Sturgis, Fiona, 125

suffrage, 41

Sun, 14, 20, 22, 69, 123

supermarket workers, 144, 145–47, 154–55, 158, 193

Surman, Ralph, 121–22

Sweden, 178

Taff Vale case (1901), 41

Tapp, Chris, 158, 205–6

Tarry, Sam, 227, 229–30, 232–33

Tate, Catherine, 122

taxation, 48, 62–63, 165, 250, 258, 265–68 passim

BNP and, 231

tax credits, 82, 163, 203–5 passim

tax evasion, 31, 165, 264, 265

See also inheritance tax; value added tax (VAT)

Taylor, Matthew, 89, 96, 99–101 passim, 139, 141, 260

teachers, 173. See also university professors

Tebbit, Norman, 58, 64, 81

teenage pregnancy, 79–80, 187, 218–19

Telegraph, 81, 106, 139, 245

television, 8, 75

general election (2010) and, 85

wealthy people’s lifestyles in, 133

working class in, 20, 21, 30, 82–83, 110, 114, 117, 132

working-class stereotypes and, 94, 111, 117, 122

See also reality television; soap operas

television chat shows, 127

temporary work, 149–50, 186, 259, 262

terminally ill people: media coverage, 125–26

textile industry, 35–36

Thatcher, Denis, 46

Thatcher, Margaret, 10, 42–59 passim, 152, 171, 250–51, 258

greatest achievement (according to her), 252

popular opinion, 70, 187

Thatcherism and Thatcherites, 35, 40, 46–59 passim, 73, 74, 107, 163, 220

BNP and, 231

home ownership and, 143

Ken Loach on, 136–37

in the Labour Party, 91, 98–99, 251–55 passim, 258

media and, 111

unions and, 48, 50, 54, 153

wages and, 157

tips and tipping, 154

Thomas, Mark, 61, 87, 206–7

Topshop, 165

Toynbee, Polly, 24, 28–29, 34–35, 73, 126, 258

trade deregulation, 157

trade unions. See unions

Trades Union Congress (TUC), 161

travel, 4–5, 115

truancy, 176

Turner, Graham, 49, 52, 54, 141

underclass, 18–23 passim, 27, 67, 99, 114, 125, 129, 139, 195

Robert MacDonald on, 200

underemployment, 176, 193

unemployment, 36–37, 51, 66, 80–86 passim, 192–203 passim, 260

crime and, 65

part-time work and, 150

on television, 82–83, 118

See also Jobseeker’s Allowance

Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers (USDAW), 146

unions, 41–51 passim, 55–59 passim, 93, 106, 152–59 passim, 233, 242–43, 266

general election (2010) and, 105

Labour Party and, 98, 251

Neil Kinnock and, 71

wages and, 257

See alsoNew Unionism’; strikes

Unite, 153–54, 181

United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP), 245

United States, 49–50, 259

universities, 120–21, 171–75 passim, 180

university professors, 144

unpaid internships, 180–81

unpaid overtime, 161, 162–63

value added tax (VAT), 84, 149, 165, 231, 265

Venables, Terry, 135

Verma, Hamant, 125

Vicky Pollard (television character), 127–29

voter abstention, 253, 258, 259

voting rights. See suffrage

wages, 88, 92–93, 104, 135, 146–47, 156–59 passim, 202, 257

immigration and, 239–42 passim

of public service workers, 162

of restaurant workers, 154

union membership and, 155

workers’ compared to CEO pay, 163–64

See also minimum wage

Wales, 233, 253. See also Merthyr Tidfil, Wales

Wallace, Mia, 112

Walliams, David, 127–28

Walter, Alan, 34, 87, 143, 261

Wards, John, 18–19

Warner, Jeremy, 164

wars, 256–57

waste recycling workers, 159

Wayne and Waynetta Slob (television characters), 111

Watkins, James, 131

websites, 109, 112, 145

wealthy people, 163–64, 166, 250–51, 258

taxation and, 48, 62–63, 165, 250, 258, 265, 267–68

on television, 133

See also billionaires; millionaires in Cabinet

Weir, Fiona, 205, 216–19 passim

welfare, 11, 24–26 passim, 65, 77, 82–83, 91–94 passim, 196–97

cuts, 82, 202, 203

fraud, 31, 165, 196, 200, 204, 260, 265

history, 105

public opinion, 37

Robert MacDonald on, 200–201

Simon Heffer on, 185

See also incapacity benefits

welfare-to-work schemes, 37, 82, 92–93, 226

Wife Swap (television series), 126

The Wire, 79

White (television series), 8, 117

Wilkinson, David, 6

Wilkinson, Richard, 9, 83, 266

Williams, Zoe, 8

Winter of Discontent, 49–50

Woodhead, Chris, 172

work, informal. See informal work

work, part-time. See part-time work

work, temporary. See temporary work

worker alienation, 148, 155, 262–63

worker turnover. See staff turnover

workers, call centre. See call centre workers

workers, immigrant. See immigrant workers

workers, retail. See retail workers

workers’ cooperatives, 263

working-class mothers, 119, 126

working poor, 203–5 passim

workplace health, 148–49, 161

workweek, 160–61

Worsthorne, Peregrine, 48

Wreford, Kate, 130

Yallop, David, 132

Young, Hugo, 46

Young, Michael, 96

Young, Toby, 126

Young Legal Aid Lawyers, 181

young people. See children