Page numbers refer to the print edition but are hyperlinked to the appropriate location in the e-book.
abnormal, constructions of, 187, 222–24
acceptable political society, 78, 80, 85
accumulation, xx, 144, 145–47, 151, 157, 175–76; expropriation, 146–47, 149–50, 243
Adorno, Theodor, xxii–xxiii, 186–88; critical distance, 188, 194–95; Eurocentrism, 198–200; genealogy as problematization, 191–93; historicization of History, 190–91; negative dialectics, 194, 199–200; nonidentical, 194, 243; postcolonial studies and, 198–202; problematization and normative inheritance of modernity, 188, 195–97, 241, 247; reason, view of, 188–89; utopia and utopianism, 189–90
Adorno: A Critical Reader (ed. Gibson and Rubin), 199
African Americans, 235, 240, 244–45, 247
Afro-modernity, 244–45
agency, 27, 52, 75–76, 86, 242
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), 57–59
Alexy, Robert, 28
Alien Tort Statute (ATS), 21
Allen, Amy, xvii–xxiv, 209, 233–35, 247; critical distance, 188, 194–95, 240–41; Foucauldian critique, view of, 211–15; genealogy as problematization, 188, 191–93, 240; historicization of History, 188, 190–91, 245; reason and power, 188–89, 240–44; reconciling, unifying logic of modernity, 194, 243–44; utopia and utopianism, 188–90, 204n20, 240, 245–46
Alston, Philip, 69n8
American exceptionalism, 21–24
American exemptionalism, 22
American Revolution, 31–32
analytic tradition, 237–39
Anthropocene, 149
antidistortion rationale, 103
archaeology, 210, 214, 216, 231, 232n59
archive, 208
Arrighi, Giovanni, 151
assemblages, 208–9
assets, 133–34
Australian states, 221
authority, xv–xvi, 134, 196; biopolitical, 218, 222–23; decision-making, 3, 7, 9–17; human rights and sovereignty, 32–34, 55, 59–60; legitimate political, 80, 83–84
authorship model of democratic legitimacy, 32–34, 45n36
banking sector, 4–6, 16, 17n3, 108
basic rights: justification, right to, 74–75, 83–85; socialist, xix, 121–23
Beckert, Jens, 163
Beitz, Charles, 27, 30, 76, 77, 80, 87n20
Benhabib, Seyla, xv-xvi, 69n9, 87n26, 88n29
Benjamin, Walter, 234
biopolitics/biopower, xix, 214–15, 220–24; legitimacy, 217–18
The Birth of Biopolitics (Foucault), 91, 209, 223
The Birth of the Clinic (Foucault), 210
black radical tradition, 238, 243
Blacks in and Out of the Left (Dawson), 238–39
bourgeois private law, xix, 91, 119–21; circle of, 127–29, 129; dialectical unity of, 129, 129–36; double formation, 117, 126, 127–28, 131–34; empowerment, 130–31; sale of labor power as commodity, 120–21; social law and, 123–28; socialist basic rights and, 121–23; subjective rights, 118, 130–36
Brandom, Robert, 46n45
Brown, Wendy, xviii, xxiii, 58, 207, 217–19, 225, 228n22, 231nn54
Buckley v. Valeo, 96, 103, 109
Bush, George W., 221
Butler, Judith, 213
campaign finance regulations, 96–98. See also Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
Canguilhem, Georges, 214, 229n33
capital: accumulation, xx, 144–47; family, 223; human, 95; self-expansion, 144, 145, 151; speech as, 98–103, 112
Capital (Marx), 146–47, 157–58
capitalism: background conditions of possibility, xx–xxi, 143, 146–48; boundary struggles, 154–56, 157; bourgeois law and, 119–21; breakup of previous world, 143, 148–51; contradictions of, 156–58; core features, xx–xxi, 143–46; crisis of, 142, 148, 157; divisions, xxi, 143, 148–53; as economico-juridical complex, 91–92; expanded conception of, 141–59; as form of life, 175–77; hidden abodes, xx–xxi, 143, 146–49, 155; institutionalized social order, 152–54; legal status of free market, 143, 150; natural vs. economic realm, 149–52; noneconomic phenomena and, xxi, 92, 94, 142, 145–46, 151–58; polity vs. economy, 150–53; production, relations of, 121–23; as reified form of ethical life, 152–53; renewed interest in, 141–42, 162–63; romantic view, 155–56; slavery as foundation of, 244; social reproduction, xx, 147–48, 152–53, 157–58. See also economization of rights; free labor market
capitalist society, xxi, 144–46, 152–54, 175–76
care, techniques of, 221–25
censorship, as government interference, 98–101
Chakrabarty, Dipesh, 200
children, abnormalization of, 223–24
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, xviii–xix, 96–112; corruption and influence, 107–11; disavowal of stratification, 101–2; dissenting opinion, 107–8; inversions of democratic meaning, 111–12; multiplication of marketplaces, 103–4; strict scrutiny, 104–6. See also economization of rights
civil rights discourse, 31, 104–7
civil society, global, 25–26
class division, 143, 157, 235–36
classical economic liberalism, 95
club-law, 118
Cohen, Jean, 24, 38, 50–56, 70n23
Cohen, Joshua, 51–52, 77–78, 82
Colegate, Christina, 221
colonialism, 150–51, 161, 242–43
commodification, xxi, 120–21, 132; exchange, 169–70, 176; of nature, 149; noncommodification, xxi, 144, 152–53
common sense, 242–43
communicative freedom, 27
companies, human rights due diligence standards, 61, 72–73n43
compensatory justice, 246
conditions of possibility, xx, 143, 146–53; nature and power; 149–52 political, 150–51
confederations, 7–8
consensus, 14, 24, 36, 38, 47, 77
Constitution, US, 111, 150, 151; First Amendment, 97–98, 101–3
constitutional revolutions, 7, 16
constitutional rights, xiv–xv, 27–33, 34–35
constitutions: France, 7, 16; United States, 8–10, 15–16
constructivism, political and moral, 83–85, 91
contestation, 208
contract, 237
Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (Marx), 117, 118
Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 26
corporate speech, 102, 105, 111–12. See also Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
corporations: “as associations of citizens,” 100, 102, 104; as disadvantaged class, 105–6; strict scrutiny, 104–6
corruption and influence, 107–11, 115n37
cosmopolitanism. See legal cosmopolitanism
courts: democratic iterations and, 34–35; international, 54. See also Supreme Court
criminal acts, 52–53
crisis, practices and, 167, 172
critical distance, 188, 194–95, 240–41
critical ethnic studies, 240, 243
critical race studies, xxiv, 215, 234–35, 240. See also race
critical theory, xiii–xiv, 74–88; Adorno and Foucault and, 183–205; as approach to human rights, 75; critique of, 233–50; decolonization and deracialization required, xxiv–xxv, 200, 211, 234–37; Eurocentrism, xxiv, 198–200, 202, 212–13, 233; inwardness objection, 200–2; narrow understanding of economy, 160–61; normative, 184–85, 200–2; postcolonial studies and, 183–86, 200–1; reason and power, 188–89, 240–44
critique, 207, 210; political critique of law, 117–18, 126–27; social critique of law, 117–18, 124–25, 128–30. See also critical theory
Culture and Imperialism (Said), 183–84, 233
customary use rights, 143–44
Dawson, Michael, 238–39
decent hierarchical regimes, 30–31, 71n26, 76, 81–82
Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, 47
Declaration on the Human Rights of Individuals Who Are Not Nationals of the Country in Which They Live, 42n13
decolonization, 184, 185, 204n10; of critical theory, xxiv–xxv, 200, 211, 234–37
democracy, xiv–xv; definitions, 7–8; historical connection with capitalism, 162; justification for, 12, 15; meanings shaped by neoliberalism, 92–93, 96; not achieved for people of color, 247; representative, shift away from, 109, 111–12; right to, 48, 78, 82
democratic iterations, xvi, 24, 30–31, 32; recursive, 34, 36–37; sites of, 34–35
democratic legitimacy, 3–4, 6, 7; authorship model, 32–34; international human rights principles and, 33–38
Denis, Clare, 224–25
Deutscher, Penelope, xxiii
developing countries, pharmaceutical patents and, 57–60
development, right to, 64–65
dialectical reversal, 128–29
dialectical unity, 129–36
dialectics, 187–89, 191; negative, 194, 199–200
difference, 199–200
difference principle, 36
differentiation-theoretical approach, 161–62
dignity, 83
disciplinary techniques, xix, xxiii, 208, 210, 217, 221–22, 227n6
discretion, 132–34
disposal rights, 120, 131–34, 169
dispossession perspective, 147
Doha round of trade negotiations, 58–59
domination, xix, xxii, 82, 117–38, 175–76; bourgeois private law and capitalism, 119–21; capitalist relations of production, 121–23; corporate, 111; “different form” of law and, 118–19, 121, 123, 125–26; human rights as weapon against, 74; labor power as commodity, 120–21; legal equality required for, 119, 121, 123, 127; social law and normalization, 123–25; socialist basic rights, 121–23; struggle for law, 125–29, 134; two forms of, 127–28
Du Bois, W. E. B., 244
duty to cooperate, 64
Eagleton, Terry, 201
ecological commons, 150
ecological perspectives, 152, 154
economic practices, 167–68; economic social practices, 163–64; as failed social practices, xxi, 164, 176–77; human rights and, 60, 63–64; practice character of, 171–73, 176
economism, 160–61
economization of rights, xviii–xix, 4, 91–116; civil rights discourse, 104–6, 107; as conversion of political processes, 99, 111–12; corruption and influence, 107–11; few drown out many, 107–8; law shaped by neoliberalism, 91–93; process of, 93–94; self-investment, 94–95; speech as capital, 98–100. See also Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission; Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission; neoliberalism
economy, xxi–xxii; as autonomous sphere, 161–62; narrow concept, 160–61; polity vs, 150–53; as set of economic social practices, 163–64; as social practice, 163–64; wide concept, 160–61, 163–64, 173–75
ecosocialist thinkers, 149–52
electoral contests: as political marketplaces, 99, 101, 103; voters equated with financial contributors, 109, 110–11
empire, 183–84
empiricism/positivism, 134–36
empowerment, 130–31
enclosures, 149–50
end point of history, 190
Engels, Friedrich, 242
Enlightenment, xxii, 189, 191–92, 211–12, 233–34
entitlements, 52
entrepreneurialism, 94–95
environmentalism, marketizing of, 149–50
equality: bourgeois society, 120, 122; “different form” of law and, 118–19, 123, 125–27; rights’ distribution, 104; social law and, 123–25
equality of persons, 29, 78–84
equalization, marketplaces free of, 103–4
equal participation, 124–26
equiprimordiality, 88n30
ethical life, xxi, 152–53, 173
ethnocentrism, xviii, xxii, 75, 79, 81–82
Eurocentrism, xxiv, 198–200, 202, 212–13
European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), 44n25, 54–55
European Union, xiv–xv, 3–7, 10–18; crisis, 4–5, 16, 17n3; decision-making authority, 3, 7, 9–17; double sovereign, 12–13; eurozone, 3–18; public spheres, 11–12; right of exit and review, 14; trust issue, 5, 10–12. See also federation, supranational
expert, role of, 223
exploitation, 146–47
expropriation, 146–47, 149–50, 243
faded cosmologies, 168, 178n15
family, 222–23
Federal Election Commission, 96–103, 98–99
federation, supranational, 12–15. See also European Union
Feher, Michel, 95
feminist theory, 148, 152, 239
Ferguson, Adam, 167
feudalism, 119, 143, 151, 153, 217
fictitious (corporate) persons, 97
First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti, 96, 103
Fordism, 145
foreign law, 21–23
Forst, Rainer, xvii–xviii, xxii, 36
Foucault, Michel, xix, xxii–xxiii, 91–92, 93, 186–88, 207–32; Allen’s view, 211–15; anticipating transformation, 207, 209–20; applicability of, 209–10, 227n10; assemblages, 208–9; bifurcations of populations, 221; critical distance, 188, 194–95; Eurocentrism, 198–200, 212; genealogical method, 191–93, 207, 228n22; historicization of History, 190–91; multiplicity of present, 215–17; normalization, 124–25; oppression, lack of attention to, 214–15; postcolonial studies and, 198–202; “present, “use of, 207–32; problematization and normative inheritance of modernity, 188, 195–97; reason, view of, 188–89; reconfigurations of projects, 219–20; right to participation, 124–25; uncertainty, 212–14; unreason, xxiii, 193, 214, 243; utopia and utopianism, 189–90
—Works: 187, 191; Abnormal, 223; Birth of Biopolitics, 91, 208, 223; The Birth of the Clinic, 210; “Critique” pieces, 212; History of Madness, 187, 191, 214; The History of Sexuality, 210, 213, 223; The Order of Things, 210; Psychiatric Power, 217, 222–23; Volonté de savoir, xix
“four E’s” (mass extermination, expulsion, ethnic cleansing, and enslavement), 52–53, 70n23
Frankfurt School, 183–85, 186, 233
Fraser, Nancy, xx–xxi, xxiii, 207, 209–10, 228n22
free labor market, xx; core feature of capitalism, 143; legal status, 143, 150; state role in, 91. See also capitalism; markets
free speech rights, 97; equated with capital, 99; government as enemy of, 100–2
freedom, xxiii, 120, 214; communicative, 27; problematization of, 195–96
functionalist approaches, 27, 48–49, 76, 79–80
gendered division of labor, 148, 153
genealogical critique, 207; Foucault, 188, 191–93, 210, 216, 231–32n59; Marx, 130–31; problematization, 188, 191–93, 240; three modes of, 191–92
generality, xvii, 79, 83–84, 86
Geneva Convention, 22
German government, 6
Gewirth, Alan, 27
Gilroy, Paul, 245
global constitutionalism, 23, 38
globalization, xiv–xv, 4, 49, 67
Globalization and Sovereignty (Cohen), 50–52
good life, 76–78, 83, 177; utopian thinking, 188, 189–90
Goody, Jack, 245
Goswami, Namita, 199–200
governance, global (supranational institutions), xiv–xv, xviii, 33–34, 57–60, 63, 84–85, 151; attempts to entrench human rights law in, 60–62; international action and, 65–66
government, as enemy of free speech, 100–2, 104–5, 112
governmentality, 91, 96, 213; biopolitical legitimacy, 217–18; Shared Responsibility Agreements, 221; temporality and, 217–19
Gramsci, Antonio, 243
Greek/non-Greek normative hierarchy, 241–42
Habermas, Jürgen, xiv–xv, xxii, 44n26, 70n20, 88n30, 188, 198, 200, 203n4; on Foucault, 208; left-Hegelian approach, 184–85; progress as fact, 233–34; wide concept of economy and, 161, 173
Hammer, Espen, 199
Haraway, Donna, 150
Harvey, David, 146
Hegel, G. W. F., 117, 119, 176, 191, 242, 244
Hesse, Barnor, 234
Hirschl, Ran, 30
historical a priori, 194–95
historical learning approach, 184–85
historicism, 200
historicization of History, 188, 190–91, 245
history: problematization of, 187–88, 191–93
History of Madness (Foucault), 187, 191, 214
The History of Sexuality (Foucault), 210, 213, 223
HIV/AIDS, 58
Hobbes, Thomas, 242
homo oeconomicus, 94–95, 96, 97
Honneth, Axel, xxii, 162, 184–85, 198, 200, 203n4, 233–34
hopeful despair, 200
Horkheimer, Max, 160, 161, 175
human capital, 95
human rights: accountability of governments, 51; bifurcation strategy, 50–53; as class of moral rights, 27; constitutional rights and, 27–33; as core of legal cosmopolitanism, 27; de-internationalization, 52, 53–54, 61; demanding standards, xvii, 49–50, 52, 54, 55, 56–57, 60–66; democratic legitimacy and, 33–38; ethical justification, 75–76, 78; foreign doctrine and US Constitution, 21–22; “four E’s,” 52–53, 70n23; fulfillment of obligations, 62–64; historiography, 42–43n14; human security rights, 51–54, 56; “institutionalized and enforceable,” 51, 53–57, 61–62; interpretation, xv–xvi, 24, 26, 28–29; lack secure access to any rights at all, 53; legal life, 74–75; minimalism, xvii, 48–49, 50–52, 61; moral justification of, 27, 77–79, 83; moral life of, 74–75; narrow list, 48–49, 50, 52–53; nongovernmental organizations, 35; normative gap, 32, 36, 39; philosophical account, xvii, 27; political life, 74–75; primary responsibility, 63–67; procedural aspect, 75; require justiciable form, 27, 29, 33; respect for, 30, 50, 61–63, 78–84; self-government and, xv–xvi, 29–30, 33; social aspect, 74–75; structural approach, 64; substantive aspect, 75, 85–86; third parties and, 62–65; tripartite model of obligations, 62–64. See also intervention, coercive; Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine
human rights conventions, xv, 25–28, 37, 47–50, 54
human rights due diligence standard, 61, 72–73n43
human rights norms, 49, 54; strengthening of sovereignty, 24, 55–57, 59–60, 65
human rights proper, 51, 67, 71n26
human security rights, 51–54, 56
Hume, David, 242
ideal-theoretic orientation, 246
immanent critique, xxii, 188, 197, 212, 213, 215
imperialist metanarrative, xxiv, 151, 183–85, 233–34
inclusion, 77–78
indigenous communities, 221–22
individual, 30–31, 236; legal person, 24, 25, 31, 119–20; moral, 25, 31
injury, 131
Institute for Social Research, 161. See also Frankfurt School
intellectual property, 57–60
interests, 132–34
internal legitimacy, 80–81
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 26
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 25, 48
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), 25, 58–59
international law: customary, 25; human rights conventions, xv, 25–28, 37, 47–50, 54; local iterations, 37; as main function of human rights, 76; state equality, 8–9, 50, 56. See also governance, global (supranational institutions); Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 57
international treaty law, 22–23, 48–49; covenants, 25–26; level of interpretation, 54
interpretation: democratic iterations, 34; level of, 54; range of, 28–29, 32, 35, 39; of social practices, 165–66, 168–72
intervention, coercive, xvi–xvii, 30–31, 47–54, 69n13; justification of, 47–54, 77; “prodemocratic,” 48, 66–67; primary actors disabled, 66–67; revisited, 66–68. See also Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine
Isiksel, Turkuler, 33
Jaeggi, Rahel, xxi-xxii
justice: compensatory, 246; corrective, 244; fundamental, 84–85; maximal, 85
justification, right to, xvii–xviii, 74–88; as basic right, 74–75, 83–85; for democracy, 12, 15; discourse model, 36; discursive constructivism, 83–85; ethical, 75–76, 78; ethnocentrism and, 79; moral, 27, 77–79, 83
justificatory minimalism, 77
Kennedy, Anthony, 96–111; corporations “as associations of citizens,” 100, 102, 104; electoral campaigns as marketplace, 103–4; government as enemy of free speech, 100–2; on markets vs. rights, 107–8; on mistrust of government, 101
Kiobel et al. v. Royal Dutch Petroleum, 21
Koopman, Colin, 191, 211, 215–16, 230n45, 231n52
labor, 170–71
labor power, as commodity, 120–21
law: bourgeois, 91; “different form,” 118–19, 121, 123, 125–26; natural, 118; as “necessary function” for domination, 119, 123; neoliberal mobilization of, 91–93, 96; normative content, 117–18, 127; struggle for, 125–29, 134. See also bourgeois private law
The Law of Peoples (Rawls), 27, 30, 48–49, 69n13, 71n26, 76, 77, 81, 246
“Learning to Love” (Brown), 225
“Learning to Love Again” (Colegate), 221
left-Hegelian approach, 184–86, 233
legal cosmopolitanism, xv, xvi, 23–27, 38
legal person, 24, 25, 31, 119–20
legitimacy, 32–33; biopolitical, 217–18; internal, 80–81; recognitional, 80; threshold for, 51. See also democratic legitimacy
legitimate use of force, 3, 14
Lemke, Thomas, 210
Levitt, Peggy, 34
liberalism, 134, 135, 239; left critique of, 218–19; white, 239–40. See also neoliberalism
Locke, John, 242
lowest common denominator approach, 77, 81
margin of appreciation, 37–38, 43n25, 54
marketization, xviii–xix, 4, 94, 145–46, 150
marketplace: of ideas, xviii, 98–100; speech as property right, 104, 112
markets, xx; exchange, 169–70, 176; multiplied, 103–4; rights vs., 107–8; role of in capitalist society, 144–45. See also free labor market
Marshall, T. H., 31
Marx, Karl, xix, 91–92, 121, 241, 242; bourgeois private law and capitalism, 119–21; context of contextlessness, 176; core features of capitalism, 143–46; critical theory of law, 117; Foucault’s critique of, 192; genealogical critique, 130–31; general conceptual resources, 142–43; metabolic rift, 149; postcolonial studies and, 201–2; socialist basic rights, 121–23; socialist law, view of, 122–26
—Works: Capital, 146–47, 157–58; Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy, 117, 118
Marxism, 91–92, 246; “black,” 238; racial eliminativism, 235–36, 241
master/slave dialectic, 244
material conditions of life, 91, 117
material structures, 167
maximizing preferences, 170, 171
Mbembe, Achille, 224, 225, 229n37, 230n39
McConnell v. Federal Election Commission, 108–9
McCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission, 96, 115n37
meaning, 92–96
medicines, access to, 57–60
membership principle, 52, 53, 70n23, 77–78
Menke, Christoph, xix, xxiii, 205n31
Merry, Sally Engle, 34
Mignolo, Walter, 202
military interventions, “prodemocratic,” 48, 66–67
Mill, John Stuart, 242
Mills, Charles, xxiii–xxv, 209, 214–15
minimalism, xvii, 48–49, 50–52, 61, 77, 81
modernity: left-Hegelian approach, 184–85; nonwhite relationship to, 244–45; problematization and normative inheritance of, 188, 195–97, 241, 245–47; problematization of history, 187–88; racial categories, 234
modes of production, 91, 119, 125
modesty, stance of, 197
monastic disciplines, 217
monetization, xxi, 94, 95, 145, 152
money, 169–70
Monroe Doctrine, 22
Montesquieu, 244
moral contemporaneity, 31
moral philosophy, 196
moral rights, xvii, 27, 52, 75, 84–85
mothers, 222–23
national consciousness, 10–11
nationalism, 10
Native Americans, 244
naturalism, 135
natural law, 118
nature, capitalism and, 149–54
neoliberalism, xviii–xix, 91–116; democracy’s meanings shaped by, 92–93, 96; homo oeconomicus, concept of, 94–95; legal reasoning, 91–93, 96; nature and, 149–52; negotiation models, 222; as order of normative reason, 94; persons, construction of, 97; public interest, elimination of, 108, 111, 115–16n37; rationality, political, 91–92, 94, 96; Supreme Court decisions, 96–112. See also economization of rights; liberalism
Nigeria, 21
“no demos” thesis, 12
noncommodification, xxi, 144, 152–53
noneconomic sphere: capitalism dependent on, xxi, 92, 94, 142, 145–46, 151–58; commodity form, 160–61; normativity, xxi–xxii, 154–55; other social practices and, 168, 172–74
“non-ideal theory,” 246
nonretrogression principle, 58
normalization, xix, xxiii, 123–25
normativity, xxi–xxii; critical theory, 184–85; of economic practices, 173; history and, 200–2; inheritance of modernity, 188, 195–97, 241, 245–47; noneconomic, 154–55
norms, xv, xvii, 28, 32; international, 33–34, 51; limits specified, 48–49; practices regulated by, 165, 172
Obama, Barack, 66–67
On Human Rights (Griffin), 75–76
openness, 212–13
opinion-formation, 35–36
Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 54
The Order of Things (Foucault), 210
ordoliberals, 91
Other: blacks excluded from, 244; justice to, 196–97; openness to, 212–13
Outlaw, Lucius, 235–36
parité, 29
parliamentary deliberation, 7
participation, right to, xvii–xix, 9, 36, 38, 124–25; assets, 133–34; will of subject, 133–34
Perez, Oren, 40n6
persons: as consumers of speech, 100; fictitious (corporate), 97; legal, 24, 25, 31, 119–20; natural (human), 97; neoliberal construction of, 97
perspective taking, 81–82
philosophers of color, xxiv, 237–38
philosophy: as historically situated, 187, 190–91; as mode of critical thought, 189
pluralism, reasonable, 30–31, 76–77, 82
political action committees (PACs), 99, 110–11, 113n16
political critique of law, 117–18, 126–27
political-legal approach, xiv–xv, 75–76, 79–81, 84
Political Liberalism (Rawls), 28
political logic, 117, 126–28, 216
political rights, xix, 31–32, 52, 55, 138n32; exclusion of from human rights, 61–62
politics, economization of, 97, 104, 107, 115–16, 225–26
polity vs. economy, 150–53
Post, Robert, 35
postcolonial studies, xxiv, 183–85, 197–202; critical theory and, 183–86; race marginalized, 234
postdemocracy, 33
post-Fordism, 209–10
postmetaphysical theory, 184, 190, 200
poststructuralism, 201
power, 188–89; coinciding techniques of, 221–25; of contingency, 208, 231n53; forms, 207; multiple modes, 208–9, 215–17, 221–26
practical conception of human rights, 77, 80
practice character, 171–73, 176
practices, 163–66; economic, 167–68; ensembles of, 166–68; regulated by norms, 165. See also social practices
practice-theoretical approach, 163–64, 173–74
present, xxiii, 207–10; multiplicity of, 215–17; reconfiguration in Foucault’s work, 219–20. See also temporality
private law. See bourgeois private law
private property, xx, 91, 131; arbitrary disposal rights, 120, 131–34, 169; in means of production, 143; proprietary principle, 131–32
private sphere, 31, 131, 132–33, 148
privileges, 30
problematization, 187–88, 211; genealogy as, 188, 191–93, 240; of maternal practice, 223
“prodemocratic” interventions, 48, 66–67
production, 170–71; conditions of possibility, xx, 143, 146, 150; dispossession perspective, 147; hidden abode, xx–xxi, 143, 146–49, 155; inputs, 144; modes of, 91, 119, 125; social reproduction required for, 147–48; speech like capital, 100–1
progress, xxii–xxiii; as “fact,” 186–87, 233–34; in future, 186, 190, 198, 205n49; as imperative, 184, 186; postcolonial and, 197–98; present and, 212; skepticism about, 186; Western-centric approach, 184–85
property rights, xix; assets, 133; bourgeois redefinition of, 131–32; free speech as, 104, 112; social practice, 168–69
proprietary principle, 131–32
protection of human rights. See Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine
Psychiatric Power (Foucault), 217, 222–23
quid pro quo arguments, 108, 111, 115n37, 132
Race and the Education of Desire (Stoler), 199
race, xxiv–xxv; eliminativism, 235–36, 241, 248n9; European expansionism and, 234; nonwhite professional philosophers, 237–39, 249n17; silence of left on, 236–39; white privilege, 239–40. See also critical race studies
rationality, political, 91–92, 94, 96
Rawls, John, 28, 36, 51, 80; decent hierarchical regimes, 30–31, 71n26
—Works: The Law of Peoples, 27, 30, 48–49, 69n13, 71n26, 81, 246; Political Liberalism, 28; A Theory of Justice, 236, 246
reason, xxii, 188–89, 240–44; denied to nonwhite thinkers, 241–42
reasonable pluralism, 30–31, 76–77, 82
reciprocity, xvii, 11, 31, 38, 51, 79, 83–84
recognitional legitimacy, 80
reflective adjustment, 33
reflexive argument, 75, 79, 85, 86
regional human rights bodies, 54–55
Regulating Aversion (Brown), 218
“Reification and the Consciousness of the Proletariat” (Lukács), 152
Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, 47
representation, 237
resistance, 213
Resnik, Judith, 37–38
respect for human rights, 30, 50, 61–64, 78–84; external vs. internal, 80–81
Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine, xvi–xvii, 47–73; coercive intervention revisited, 66–68; demanding interpretation of, 62–66; as emergent norm, 47–48; public standards of critique, 51; revisionary approach, 48–49; sovereignty and human rights not mutually exclusive, 50–56; as threat to sovereignty, 47–50; tripartite model of human rights obligations, 62–65. See also human rights
responsibilization, 222, 223–24
Revel, Judith, 213–14
revisionism, 245
right to have rights, 27, 53, 87n26
rights: to development, 64–65; to health, 58; legitimate range of legal variation, 28–29, 32, 35, 39; markets vs., 107–8; moral, xvii, 27, 52, 75, 84–85; political/functional conception, 27; political, social, and economic, xix, 31–32, 54–56; to self-government, xv–xvi, 29–30, 33; subjective, 118, 130–36; “the right to have rights,” 27. See also human rights
risk taking, 213
Roberts, John G. Jr., 21, 23, 98
Roman law, 119–20
Rorty, Richard, 202
Ruggie, John, 61
rules, 28
Said, Edward, 183–84, 198, 199, 233
Sandel, Michael, 41n11
Sassen, Saskia, 37
Savigny, Friedrich, 119
Schmitt, Carl, 22
second nature, xxv, 172, 195–96, 245, 247
self-criticism, 196–97, 233, 239–41
self-determination, 7, 38–39, 82; Westphalian understanding, 23–24, 32–33
self-government: human rights and, xv–xvi, 29–30, 33
self-investment, 94–95
self–Other, 244
semiproletarianization, 145
Sen, Amartya, 246
Senate, 9
settler colonialism, 242–43
settler common sense, 243
sexuality, 215
Shared Responsibility Agreements, 221
Shiffrin, Steven, 114n17
skills, 170–71
slavery, xxiii, 214–15; foundation of capitalism, 244
Smith, Adam, 94
social critique of law, 117–18, 124–25, 128–30
social democracy, 238–39
social forces, 176
social justice, 246
social law, 122–23; counterhypothesis, 126–27; normalization and, 123–25
social logic of law, 117–18
social opacity, 239
social order, institutionalized, 152–54
social practices: economic practices as, 167–68; economy as, 163–64; forms of life and, 164–67; interpretations, 165–66, 168–72; labor and production, 170–71; market and exchange, 169–70, 176; property as, 168–69; results, 174, 177. See also practices
social reproduction, xx, 147–48, 152–53; contradictions, 157–58; institutionalized, 152–54; noncommodification, 152–53
social structure of justification, xvii, 85
socialist basic rights, xix, 121–23
solidarity, 10
South Africa, 58
sovereignty, xiv–xv; American exceptionalism, 21–24; corporate speech and, 101–2, 105; democratic, 21–46; doubled, 12–13; equality of states, 8–9, 50, 56; family as domain of, 222–23; human rights not mutually exclusive, 50–56; over death, 216; phantom/waning, 217, 219, 220, 231n54; popular, 7–10; R2P as threat to, 25–26, 47–50; strengthened by human rights norms, 24, 55–57, 59–60, 65; waning, 217, 219; of weak states, xvi–xvii; Westphalian understanding, 21, 23, 32–33
speech: as capital, 98–103, 112; citizen right to know, 100, 102, 105, 106; corporate, 102, 105, 111–12; government as enemy of, 100–2, 104–5, 112; as public good, 99–101, 108
Spivak, Gayatri, 199
Sraffa, Piero, 144
state: alliances, 8; bourgeois constitutional, 118; capitalism and, 91, 150; primary responsibility for human rights, 63–67; sovereignty, xvi–xvii, 8–9, 50, 56; systemic relationships and, 3–4
“state of the understanding,” 122
Stevens, John Paul, 106, 107–8
strict scrutiny, 104–6
structural approach, 64
subjective rights, 118, 130–36; dualism of, 131–34; empiricism/positivism of, 134–36
subjectivization, xix, xxii, 213–14
subordination, 148, 241; of women in families, 222–23
subpersons, nonwhites as, 244
substantive minimalism, 77
supranational institutions. See governance, global (supranational institutions)
Supreme Court, xviii, 22, 96–112; Buckley v. Valeo, 96, 103, 109; Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, 96–112; First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti, 96, 103; Kiobel et al. v. Royal Dutch Petroleum, 21; McConnell v. Federal Election Commission, 108–9; McCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission, 96; United States v. Automobile Workers, 111
surplus capacities, 144–45
Switzerland, 8
system-theoretic approach, 173
Tasioulas, John, 76
technologies, 170–71
temporality, xxiii–xxiv, 215–16; contemporary governmentalities and, 217–19; daily techniques, 223–25; white time map, 245. See also present
Teubner, Günther, 23
A Theory of Justice (Rawls), 236, 246. See also difference principle
time maps, 245
toleration argument, 82
“Toward a Critical Theory of ‘Race’” (Outlaw), 235–36
“Traditional and Critical Theory” (Horkheimer), 160
transnational democratization, xiv–xv, 3–18
transnational law, 3, 21–46; American exceptionalism, 21–24; democratic legitimacy, 33–38; heterarchical practices, 33; human rights and constitutional rights, 27–33; legal cosmopolitanism, xv–xvi, 23–27, 38
Tully, James, 185
UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 54, 58–59
UN General Assembly, 47
UN General Assembly Declaration on the Right to Development, 64–65
UN Global Compact initiative, 65
UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, 61
UN Human Rights Council, 61
UN human security approach, 52–53
UN Security Council, 68n6
UN treaty-monitoring bodies, 53–54
Undoing the Demos (Brown), 220–21, 225–26
unification movements, 10
United Nations Convention on Refugees, 25
United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, 25
United Nations Convention to Eliminate of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), 25–26, 37
United Nations Protocol of 1967, 25
United States, 7–9, 18n10; constitution, 8, 9–10, 15, 16
United States v. Automobile Workers, 111
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 25, 37, 47, 55, 82
universalism, xvi, xviii, 78, 106, 183; false, 79, 183
unreason, xxiii, 194, 214, 243
US Constitution, 9–10, 18n10, 21–22
use value, 120
utopia and utopianism, 188–90, 204n20, 240, 245–46
Walden (Thoreau), 242
Waldron, Jeremy, 23
Walled States (Brown), 218
Wallerstein, Immanuel, 145
weak states, xvi–xvii
welfare state, 122, 125, 210, 218–19
well-ordered society, 237, 246
Western philosophical tradition, 241–42
White Atlantic, 245
White Material (Denis), 224–25
white privilege, 239–40
white supremacy, 235; global, 235, 240, 242, 245, 247
white-dominated political movements, 238–39
will-formation, 8, 11, 14, 16, 35–36
Williams, Bernard, 191
women’s work, 147–48
Wood, Ellen, 151
working-class consumerism, 145
World Bank, 57
World Trade Organization (WTO), 57–60
Young, Robert, 199
Zerubavel, Eviatar, 245