CHAPTER 4
Plant Profiles
If you are living in a low-light situation, the large amount of plants to choose from at the garden center may overwhelm you. There are innumerable high-light plants that are tempting, yet probably will not do well in your home. I want you to find a plant that will work in your situation so that your plant is healthy and you are successful in adding beauty to your home. I want you to look at your plant every day and be happy you chose it because it is thriving in your home. Hopefully, by reading the previous chapters you have determined the amount of light you have to offer a plant so that it will not only survive but thrive. Though many of the plants in this chapter can tolerate low-light situations, some would do best in a medium light. In the previous chapters, we discussed ways to improve the light you have, and even how to add electric lights to expand the range of plants you’re able to grow. Remember, with electric lights, you can grow a plant anywhere.
The following plant profiles will help you find and choose a plant that will do best in the conditions you have to offer. There is a plant that will work for you. If you have enough light to read a book, there is a plant that will live in your home. Choose one you find attractive. I beg you not to run out and buy a plant just because it is all the rage online. That plant may not be the best one for your situation and you and your plant could both be frustrated and unhappy. So, read on and find a plant that will fit your light situation and that will make you happy.
ANGEL VINE
LOW LIGHT
WET
TOXIC TO PETS
Other Common Names
Mattress vine
Botanical Name
Muehlenbeckia complexa
Angel vine’s diminutive leaves and wiry stems give an airy look to any planter and are suitable for a hanging basket. This plant also works well as a groundcover around a specimen plant in a large pot, as long as the container companion needs the same light and water preferences.
Light
Angel vine prefers bright light but can tolerate and grow moderately well in a lower light. If it is placed in a lower-light setting, it won’t grow as exuberantly and also won’t use as much water, which could be a plus. An east or west exposure is best, but a north window would work well too.
Water
Keep this vine well watered. Because of its thin leaves, it dries out more easily, and all the leaves may fall off. If you are lucky to observe the problem soon after it has dried out, rehydrating it may bring it back—even if all the leaves have fallen off, it may still be alive. Let it sit for a bit and you may be surprised when the vine sprouts new leaves.
Size
The small-leaved vine may seem dainty and diminutive, but it is a rampant groundcover in its native habitat. In our homes it may reach 3 to 4 feet long or even more.
Propagation
Place root-tip cuttings in a moist potting medium. The leaves are thin, so covering the cuttings with plastic or glass will keep the humidity up while they are rooting.
Pet Safety
Toxic to dogs and cats.
‘ANITA’ DRACAENA
LOW LIGHT
DRY
TOXIC TO PETS
Botanical Name
Dracaena reflexa ‘Anita’
Dracaenas as a group are wonderful, easy-to-grow plants. ‘Anita’ is no exception. With narrower leaves than those of the most common dracaenas, it has an airy, less coarse look. This plant cleans the air of harmful volatile organic chemicals (VOCs). It is often sold as a standard or small tree form.
Light
Like other dracaenas, ‘Anita’ can tolerate low light levels, such as those provided by a north-facing window, but will thrive in a bit brighter light as offered by an east or west window. It would do well a few feet from a south window as well, but do not place in direct or high light, as it may burn the leaves.
Water
Dracaenas do not like to be overwatered or placed in “heavy” potting medium; they prefer a well-drained, porous medium. Water your dracaena well until water runs out of the drainage hole, then let the medium dry down at least halfway before watering again.
Size
You will find ‘Anita’ in smaller-size pots that are economical compared to the tree form. The tree form is a good focal point in a room where a lot of light isn’t available. It can get quite tall, so if needed, it can be trimmed back to stay shorter and bushier.
Propagation
If you decide to trim your ‘Anita’, you can insert the cuttings into a container of moist potting medium to start a new plant. Remove the bottom leaves from the cutting, inserting only about 1 inch of bare stem into the medium for rooting purposes.
Pet Safety
Toxic to dogs and cats.
ARROWHEAD VINE
MEDIUM LIGHT
MOIST
TOXIC TO PETS
Other Common Names
Arrowhead plant, goosefoot
Botanical Name
Syngonium podophyllum
Seeing a young arrowhead plant at the store, you might not assume it would become a vine in its mature form. If you would prefer it to stay more compact, you can keep it trimmed back when it starts to vine. This characteristic may take a while to develop. The plant’s most attractive factor is its arrowhead-shaped leaves, which may range in color from silver to green to pink and any or all of those colors mixed together. It is an easy plant to grow.
Light
Place in bright light and turn frequently, as it tends to lean toward the light in a short span of time. If placed in a too-bright light, the leaves may sunburn. An east, west, or north exposure is preferable. If all you have is a south exposure, place it far away from the window.
Water
Keep the arrowhead evenly moist and place it on a pebble tray for extra humidity. Allowing the plant to dry out or allowing the humidity to drop too low may cause the leaf edges and tips to brown. Because of its thin leaves, it may dry out more quickly than some of your other plants.
Size
Before vining, the plant will be only 12 to 18 inches tall; when vining, it could reach up to 3 feet. The vines can be trained to grow up a mossy pole or trellis or can be trimmed to stay smaller. There are newer varieties that have been hybridized to stay small, under 6 inches, to be used in fairy or miniature gardens.
Propagation
Take 6- to 8-inch tip cuttings and root in a moist potting medium. Because of the plant’s thin leaves and love of humidity, covering the cuttings while rooting may be helpful.
Cultivars
‘Moonshine’—This variety is a light silver in color.
‘White Butterfly’—One of the most popular varieties available, with light-green leaves edged in dark green.
‘Pink Splash’—A variety with pink markings scattered on medium-green leaves.
‘Mini Pixie’—A miniature white-and-green variety that may only grow to 3 inches, perfect for a terrarium or fairy garden.
‘Pink Fairy’—A miniature pink variety that also stays approximately 3 inches tall.
Pet Safety
Toxic to dogs and cats.
BIRD’S NEST ANTHURIUM
LOW LIGHT
MOIST
TOXIC TO PETS
Other Common Names
Cabbage anthurium
Botanical Name
Anthurium plowmanii
If you need a bold statement in your room, a bird’s nest anthurium is your plant. The name may lead you to believe that this is a smaller plant, but it’s more on the scale of an eagle’s nest than a sparrow’s. The large, leathery dark-green leaves arise from the soil with only a short petiole or stem, growing in a circular arrangement—a rosette form, like a nest. The leathery leaves are a good defense against insects, as they are difficult to chew.
Light
Give these plants a medium light, such as an east or west window; they would also do well in the low light of a north window. If enough light is present, they will flower, but it isn’t all that attractive. A small rattail-like spadix will arise from the base of the leaves, but it is not showy like its cousin Anthurium andraeanum, which we are more used to seeing with the bright colorful spathe surrounding the spadix.
Water
Keep your anthurium evenly moist, not allowing it to dry out completely; use a pebble tray to raise the humidity around it. In addition, keep it warm—these plants do not appreciate temperatures below 50°F.
Size
The leaves can grow over 3 feet long.
Cultivars
‘Ruffles’—A form with leaves with ruffled edges.
‘Fruffles’—A form with extra ruffles on the edges of its leaves.
Pet Safety
Toxic to dogs and cats.
BIRD’S NEST FERN
LOW LIGHT
MOIST
SAFE FOR PETS
Other Common Names
Nest fern
Botanical Name
Asplenium nidus
If you envision ferns as having long fronds with many little leaflets equally spaced along either side, this fern will surprise you. Its fronds are an entire leaf, with no leaflets present. The fronds form a bowl shape with a brown fuzzy “nest” in the center. The new fronds arise out of that brown nest in an oval shape that resemble small eggs held in the nest, thus the plant’s common name. Keep the fronds free from dust by using a sponge to wipe the dust off.
Light
Place this fern in medium light; its favored exposure is an east window, but it will grow in a north window as well. It can also be placed a few feet from a west window or many feet from a south window. Direct sun may burn the fronds.
Water
Never allow any fern to dry out completely, yet do not let it stand in water either. Raise the humidity by setting it on a pebble tray. Water around the edge of the pot, trying not to get too much moisture in the center of the “nest,” as it may rot the plant and cause its fronds to fall off. In its native habitat, the bird’s nest fern often grows as an epiphyte on trees. As it would be growing on an angle on the tree, water never sits in the middle of the “nest” for too long. In our homes, planted in a container, they are grown straight, so excess water in the middle of the plant may not drain completely.
Size
These ferns get quite large in their native habitats and can grow 4 feet high and 3 feet wide. In your home, they most likely won’t get that large.
Pet Safety
Not toxic to pets.
BIRD’S NEST SNAKE PLANT
LOW LIGHT
DRY
TOXIC TO PETS
Other Common Names
Dwarf snake plant, good luck plant
Botanical Name
Sansevieria trifasciata ‘Hahnii’
While there are many kinds of snake plants, this type forms short rosettes of leaves resembling the round shape of bird’s nests. They come in a range of colors, from dark green to bright yellow, some with stripes and patches of variegation. These small plants are perfect for low- and medium-light areas. The more variegation on the leaves, the more light the plant will need to keep its colors vibrant.
Light
Snake plants are known for their tolerance of low light, especially the dark-green varieties. If given a medium to bright light, however, they will do better and multiply rapidly.
Water
Keep this plant on the dry side, especially in a low-light situation. If kept too wet, it will result in the complete collapse of the plant due to rot. For the same reason, do not leave water sitting in the middle of the rosette. If you keep the plant in medium to bright light, water when the medium is almost completely dry. If the leaves become wrinkly, like your fingers after you’ve sat in a bathtub too long, it is in dire need of water.
Size
Bird’s nest snake plants can range from 4 inches to more than 1 foot high. They will expand with the growth of offsets from the base of the parent plant.
Propagation
The easiest way to propagate this plant is to separate the offsets from the parent and plant them in their own container. A single leaf can also be cut into pieces, allowed to callus over, and be planted in a moist medium. Make sure to place the leaf so that the original bottom of the leaf is in the medium or else it will not grow. If you are trying to propagate a snake plant with a yellow edge, be aware that the yellow edge will not be present on the new plant.
Cultivars
‘Golden Hahnii’—A golden variety with stripes of lighter yellow and green. This plant will not exceed 5 inches in height, but after a few years it will send out offsets and may reach 8 to 10 inches around or more if not separated.
‘Black Star’—Dark green leaves edged with yellow.
‘Jade’—A pure dark-green variety.
‘Starlite’—Gray leaves edged with yellow.
Pet Safety
Toxic to dogs and cats.
BLUE STAR FERN
LOW LIGHT
MOIST
SAFE FOR PETS
Other Common Names
Bear’s paw fern
Botanical Name
Phlebodium aureum
This fern’s blue color makes it a showstopper. As you get closer, your attention is then stolen by the huge “caterpillars” creeping along the potting medium. These furry rhizomes (spreading stems) crawl across the surface of the medium, sending up fronds along the way. Blue star ferns are normally found on trees, growing as epiphytes in their native habitats. The thick, leathery fronds are more forgiving of the low humidity in our homes than most ferns.
Light
This plant needs low to medium light. Set it in an east or north window or back a couple of feet from a west window.
Water
Though it is forgiving of low humidity, it still benefits from the humidity of a pebble tray. Do not let the potting medium dry out—keep it evenly moist.
Size
This fern can get quite large in its native habitat but will probably not exceed 2 feet high and wide in your home. The rhizomes will crawl up and over the pot rim when they hit the edge, so a low, wide pot is best for this footed fern.
Propagation
The spores that appear on the back side of the fronds can be sown in a moist medium and covered to keep the humidity high. A faster and easier way to propagate this fern is to remove a piece of the rhizome with a frond attached and pin with a bent piece of wire to a container of moist potting medium. Keep it moist to allow the new roots to form.
Pet Safety
Not toxic to pets.
BOSTON FERN
LOW LIGHT
MOIST
SAFE FOR PETS
Botanical Name
Nephrolepis exaltata ‘Bostoniensis’
You may notice this fern growing outside in the summer, as many people use it as a hanging plant on their porches. I have had a cultivar of this fern for over 30 years, passed down to me from my great-grandmother, and it has exclusively been growing in my home. The biggest complaint about this fern is the messiness of falling leaflets from the fronds. They do drop some leaflets as part of the normal aging process, yet this is a beautiful plant and worth a little clean-up. Place it on a pedestal to show off its airy, arching fronds.
Light
Ferns in general love a medium light. They can tolerate low light, such as in a north window, but the medium light in an east window would be its preference.
Water
Keep this fern evenly moist, never allowing it to dry out. Use a potting medium that has plenty of peat but good drainage. Place on a pebble tray to raise the humidity. It will drop fewer leaflets if well cared for and never allowed to dry out completely; keep the humidity elevated.
Size
Large for a fern, this one can become 3 feet tall and wide.
Propagation
This fern can be divided and potted up individually. It may also be propagated from the long stolons it sends out. Pin them to a container of moist potting medium while still attached to the parent. New plants may already form on the stolon before you pin them to moist media, making it easy to start a new plant.
Cultivars
‘Suzy Wong’ (cotton candy fern)—A fluffy, foamy fern that, true to its name, resembles swirls of cotton candy. This is a newer variety that also needs plenty of water and humidity.
‘Rita’s Gold’—This bright chartreuse fern was discovered by Rita Randolph; she gave a piece to Alan Armitage, who trialed it and named it ‘Rita’s Gold’. This is an exceptional variety that adds a bright spot to any room and is also used extensively in shady combination containers outside.
‘Tiger Fern’—A cultivar with striking variegation on the fronds.
Pet Safety
Not toxic to pets.
BRAKE FERN
MEDIUM LIGHT
MOIST
SAFE FOR PETS
Other Common Names
Silver ribbon fern, table fern
Botanical Name
Pteris cretica
This is another fern you may walk by without realizing it is a fern—a unique species that has fronds with one to five pairs of pinnae (the primary division of a fern frond) that look more like ribbons than the leaflets normally seen on ferns. It mixes well with other ferns, as it has such a different look.
Light
A medium to bright light is best, such as an east window or back a bit from a west window. A north exposure is fine for nonvariegated forms.
Water
As with most ferns, keep it evenly moist, never allowing it to dry out or stand in water. Raise the humidity by placing it on a pebble tray.
Size
This is a smaller fern and grows 1 to 2 feet tall and wide.
Propagation
The plant may be divided to propagate.
Pet Safety
Not toxic to pets.
BUTTON FERN
LOW LIGHT
MOIST
SAFE FOR PETS
Other Common Names
Round leaf fern
Botanical Name
Pellaea rotundifolia
This is an endearing small fern with little leaflets that resemble small buttons. The leaflets grow from arching fronds with stems of dark brown. This plant looks great in a hanging basket. The dark green, round leaflets are thicker than most ferns and so can better tolerate the low humidity of our homes. It also is fine in lower-light conditions.
Light
Place this fern in low to medium light. An east window is best, but a north window would also work.
Water
This fern wants to be kept evenly moist, but not wet. Water the fern and then let the potting medium dry down a bit before watering again.
Size
From 6 to 12 inches tall and wide.
Propagation
The fern can be divided and potted up individually.
Pet Safety
Not toxic to pets.
CAST-IRON PLANT
LOW LIGHT
MOIST
SAFE FOR PETS
Other Common Names
Bar-room plant
Botanical Name
Aspidistra elatior
This plant was popular in Victorian times, as it survived in dark, drafty, cold parlors. Because of this tolerance of adverse conditions, it was dubbed the cast-iron plant. It is perfect if you have a low-light situation and less than stellar moisture and temperature conditions. There are variegated forms, but they need more light to stay variegated.
Light
The cast-iron plant can tolerate low light but does well in medium light. The newer variegated cultivars need a medium light to keep their variegation. Do not place this plant in direct sun, as it will burn.
Water
It is also known for its tolerance to drying out but would prefer to be evenly moist. The less light it has, the less water it will need.
Size
The long, strappy leaves can be up to 2.5 feet long. Wipe them down with a moist sponge to keep the dust to a minimum, optimizing the light it can collect.
Propagation
Separate sections of the plant and plant them up individually.
Cultivars
‘Milky Way’—A speckled variety (shown).
‘Variegata’—A white-striped variety.
‘Snow Cap’—A variety with white-tipped leaves.
Pet Safety
Not toxic to pets.
‘CEBU BLUE’ POTHOS
LOW LIGHT
MOIST
TOXIC TO PETS
Botanical Name
Epipremnum pinnatum ‘Cebu Blue’
This new cultivar of the ubiquitous pothos family barely resembles its relatives. Its blue leaves are a striking color not usually seen in houseplants. If it receives too much light, it can appear washed out and sickly. This is a vine that definitely does not want to be in too-bright light, and direct sun will burn its foliage. If it is in lower light levels, it will be a deeper blue. If you are looking for something different from the usual pothos, this one is for you. As the plant matures, the leaves will become lobed and larger, though it may not mature in your home setting. It is also called the blue philodendron but is a pothos, not a true philodendron.
Light
Place this plant in an east or north exposure. If the leaves seem overly light colored, move to a spot with less light.
Water
Keep the potting medium evenly moist. This cultivar has much thinner leaves than the usual pothos, so it will not tolerate being allowed to dry out.
Size
This vine will become as long as you allow it to grow, but would look better if the longer vines are trimmed so that the plant stays full. Cut some long tendrils back to the potting medium level and new tendrils will grow.
Propagation
Root tip cuttings in water or in moist potting medium.
Pet Safety
Toxic to dogs and cats.
CHINESE EVERGREEN
LOW LIGHT
DRY
TOXIC TO PETS
Other Common Names
Aglaonema
Botanical Name
Aglaonema spp.
This easy-to-grow plant used to be offered to the public only in a green form splotched with darker-green markings. Now, it is being hybridized faster than one can keep track of, and boasts pinks, reds, and peach colors too.
Light
The older hybrids, mostly green colored, can take low light and grow well. The newer colorful hybrids need medium light and do well in an east or west window. If placed in low light, they will lose their bright coloration.
Water
Let the soil dry down 1 to 2 inches before watering. Chinese evergreens also prefer higher humidity, so place them on pebble trays.
Flowers
Aglaonemas will flower in good light, but these plants are grown for their beautiful foliage; it benefits the plant to cut off the flowers so its energy goes to foliage production. The flowering spadix is surrounded by a white spathe.
Size
Ranges from 12 inches to approximately 3 feet.
Propagation
Aglaonemas can be propagated by stem cuttings or division.
Cultivars
‘Anyamanee’—Usually sold as red aglaonema in the stores. It has variegated dark pink leaves and grows 12 to 15 inches tall.
‘Creta’—Green leaves with red markings, 12 inches tall (shown).
‘Emerald Beauty’—This is one of the older varieties that can take low-light conditions. It has dark-green leaves with light-green mottled stripes and grows up to 24 inches tall.
‘Silver Queen’—Another older variety but with the opposite coloring from ‘Emerald Beauty’: light-green leaves with dark-green mottled stripes. It also can take lower-light conditions and grows up to 18 inches tall.
‘Pink Dalmatian’—A beautiful cultivar with pink splashes on shiny dark-green leaves that grows up to 12 to 18 inches tall.
‘White Lance’—The leaves of this unusual cultivar are only 1 inch wide and a light gray color. It grows 18 inches tall.
‘Sparkling Sarah’—This cultivar sports a pink midrib with pink veins on a bright-green leaf and grows 12 to 15 inches tall.
Pet Safety
Toxic to dogs and cats.
CORN PLANT
LOW LIGHT
DRY
TOXIC TO PETS
Botanical Name
Dracaena fragrans
If you’ve ever driven past a cornfield or picked corn on the cob, you can clearly see this plant’s resemblance to a corn stalk. It is tall and has strappy leaves. The corn plant is quite often used in office settings, as it can tolerate low light and some neglect—yet, if well taken care of, it makes a dramatic statement in any room. Keep the long leaves dusted and clean for a more attractive specimen. When purchasing this plant, you will notice it usually has three different heights of woody stems, supporting a fountain of green at each tip. They are sold like that to make for a fuller container of greenery.
Light
As noted above, this plant can tolerate low light but would prefer medium to bright light, though not full sun—direct sun will burn the leaves. Place in an east, north, or west window, or back quite a few feet from a south window.
Water
It is important to water evenly over the whole potting medium to avoid rotting the corn plant’s canes. These canes can have small root systems and may need to be straightened after traveling home as well as later as they settle in. Be careful when straightening the canes not to firm the medium too much, which will compact it and force the oxygen out. As they grow, the root systems will get larger and be better able to support the canes.
Size
This plant can reach 6 feet or more in height.
Propagation
There are three ways the corn plant can be propagated. First, the tip of the plants can be cut and rooted to make new plants; this may become necessary to keep the plant at a shorter height. Second, you can cut the tall brown cane to a shorter size, and new growth should push out of the sides of the cane near the top. Third, allow the piece of cane you cut off to dry a bit and then place it on a moist potting medium and keep warm. Make sure the bottom of the cane is the part touching the medium and roots should form.
Cultivars
‘Massangeana’—A yellow stripe runs down the middle of the leaves (shown).
‘Victoria’—The leaves of this cultivar are shorter and wider and have bright-yellow stripes. The variegated leaves will need more light to keep their variegation.
Pet Safety
Toxic to dogs and cats.
CREEPING FIG
LOW LIGHT
MOIST
TOXIC TO PETS
Other Common Names
Climbing fig
Botanical Name
Ficus pumila
This creeping plant is well suited to a hanging basket. Its crinkled leaves come in dark green or white and green, and it is often used as a groundcover in warm climates. It’s also a common terrarium plant due to its thin leaves that need higher humidity.
Light
Give varieties with dark-green leaves low to medium light. If the plant is variegated, it will need a brighter light to keep its variegation.
Water
Never let this plant dry out; it will drop leaves and may not recover. Do not let it stand in water either, but keep it moist. Because it has thin leaves, it needs high humidity, so place it on a pebble tray.
Size
These vines grow almost flat to the surface of the medium but may spread many feet. Keep them pruned to control the size.
Propagation
Insert stem cuttings in a moist potting medium.
Cultivars
‘Quercifolia’ (oak-leaf creeping fig)—This small cultivar has leaves shaped like oak leaves, hence the cultivar name (Quercus is the genus name for oak trees). Because of its small size, it is quite often used as a fairy-garden groundcover.
‘Snowflake’ (variegated creeping fig)—This cultivar has a green leaf with white edges.
Pet Safety
Toxic to pets.
CROCODILE FERN
MEDIUM LIGHT
MOIST
SAFE FOR PETS
Other Common Names
Alligator fern
Botanical Name
Microsorum musifolium
When you see this fern, you will understand why it got its reptilian name. Its fronds are long and strappy and have a seersucker-like texture that resembles crocodile skin. It is often found growing as an epiphyte in its native habitat, high in trees.
Light
A medium to bright light is best. This fern does well in an east exposure but would also do well in a north window. Avoid direct sunlight on the fronds, which may burn or bleach them.
Water
Plant this fern in a well-drained, peat-based potting medium. Keep your fern evenly moist but never standing in water. Place it on a pebble tray to keep the humidity high and never allow the plant to completely dry out.
Size
Though this fern can grow 4-foot fronds in its native habitat, in the home it will rarely surpass 2 feet.
Propagation
These plants can be divided and planted up separately.
Pet Safety
Not toxic to pets.
DIEFFENBACHIA
MEDIUM LIGHT
MOIST
TOXIC TO ALL
Botanical Name
Dieffenbachia spp.
The beautiful markings on the leaves of these plants, even in lower-light situations, make them a popular houseplant. Most of the cultivars boast large leaves with splotches and patches of darker green, white, or yellow, sometimes all on the same plant. Keep this plant away from children and pets, as the plant’s sap contains calcium oxalate crystals that can burn the mouth and throat and may cause a temporary paralysis of the vocal chords.
Light
Place in medium to bright light, such as an east or west window, or many feet from a south window. The less variegated forms do fine in the low light of a north window.
Water
Keep this plant evenly moist and raise the humidity by placing the container on a pebble tray.
Size
Cultivars range from under 1 foot tall to 4 to 5 feet tall.
Propagation
Cut the top few inches off a stem and root in a moist medium. The stems or canes can be cut into pieces, each with a node, and laid horizontally on a moist medium to root.
Cultivars
‘Camille’—A bright-chartreuse leaf with dark-green edges.
‘Camouflage’—A bright-chartreuse leaf with splotches of dark green.
‘Sterling’—A medium-sized plant that has dark-green leaves with chartreuse midribs and veins running through them.
‘Tropic Snow’—This large variety can grow to 5 feet or more in height and has a bright-green leaf with a yellow middle feathering into the green edges.
‘Tropic Honey’—This large variety has all-yellow leaves with thick dark-green edges.
Pet Safety
Toxic to pets (and people).
ENGLISH IVY
LOW LIGHT
MOIST
TOXIC TO PETS
Other Common Names
Ivy, European ivy
Botanical Name
Hedera helix
Ivy is very versatile, which accounts for its popularity. It looks beautiful in a hanging basket or as a simple vine flowing down from the top of a bookshelf or refrigerator. It comes in a range of cultivars too, with large or small leaves in many combinations of green, yellow, and white. The variegated types will need more light to maintain their color.
Light
The plain-green varieties of ivy can tolerate low light levels, but the variegated ones prefer medium to bright light.
Water
Plant your ivy in a well-drained potting medium. Water thoroughly and then allow the mix to dry slightly before watering again. Never let it stand in water. An evenly moist medium is best for the ivy. If it gets too dry, the roots may die back and be unable to take up water when it is applied; this can lead to a complete collapse of the plant. Keep the humidity high around your ivy with a pebble tray, as dry air around an ivy is like a dinner bell calling spider mites to come and get it. When you do water ivy, take it to the sink and spray with the sink sprayer, cleaning the ivy leaves and deterring spider mites.
Size
Ivy can grow long stems but can be kept under control by trimming.
Propagation
Pot stem cuttings in moist potting medium. You can also pin the stems to another container of potting medium while staying attached to the parent. Roots will form where the stem touches the moist medium. When the roots are established, the stem can be cut from the parent and grown on its own.
Pet Safety
Toxic to pets.
FAIRY WASHBOARD
MEDIUM LIGHT
DRY
SAFE FOR PETS
Botanical Name
Haworthia limifolia var. ubomboensis (left) and Haworthia limifolia (right)
If you are obsessed with succulents but have problems growing them because you don’t have enough sun, there is hope! Haworthias are the perfect succulents for the low-light conditions of our homes. They grow in small rosettes and each leaf has ridges protruding from the surface, thus giving it its common name. This small succulent rarely reaches more than 4 inches across, making it perfect for an indoor fairy garden—especially appropriate given its name.
Light
Place this succulent in a low to medium light. Do not give it the full sun other succulents prefer, as it will turn burgundy and may sunburn.
Water
These succulents need the potting medium to become almost completely dry before watering again, especially if they are growing in lower light.
Flowers
The flower stalk will appear from the center of the rosette and may extend over 2 feet with small white trumpet-shaped flowers.
Size
The small rosette of leaves will be approximately 2 inches tall and not more than 4 inches wide.
Propagation
Remove offsets from the base of the plant and pot up individually.
Cultivars
There are many haworthias to choose from. All require less light than the usual succulent, so look for the Haworthia genus, not necessarily just the limifolia species.
H. limifolia var. stricta—The ridges on this variety are white.
Pet Safety
Not toxic to pets.
GRAPE IVY
LOW LIGHT
MOIST
SAFE FOR PETS
Other Common Names
Oak-leaf ivy
Botanical Name
Cissus rhombifolia ‘Ellen Danica’
You’ve probably heard the warning “Leaves of three, let it be.” While this plant does resemble poison ivy, it fortunately doesn’t cause an itchy rash. A cascading plant, grape ivy is perfect for a trellis or hanging basket. It has dark green leaves that are separated into leaflets. It is robust and can cover a problem spot or a dark corner quickly.
Light
This versatile vine can tolerate a low-light north window but would prefer a medium light in an east exposure or back a few feet from a west window.
Water
Plant in a peat-based but well-drained medium and keep the plant evenly moist, not allowing it to stand in water. If it dries out too much, the leaves will turn brown and drop.
Size
This vine can reach lengths of 10 to 12 feet. Trim it to keep it a more manageable size if needed.
Propagation
Root tip cuttings in a moist potting medium.
Pet Safety
Not toxic to pets.
GREEN WORM FERN
MEDIUM LIGHT
MOIST
SAFETY UNKNOWN
Other Common Names
ET fern, grub fern
Botanical Name
Polypodium formosanum
Some people think “footed” ferns are a bit creepy. The creeping rhizomes, which are actually modified stems, on this particular version resemble green worms or grubs. The airy light-green fronds arising from the feet, though, make it a beautiful plant and a conversation piece. The rhizomes will creep across the container, crawl over the edges, and keep growing.
Light
A medium light, preferably an east window, is best for this fern as with others, but it could do well in a north window as well. Or place it a few feet back from a west window—the sunlight will be too intense if the plant is too close to the window.
Water
Keep this fern evenly moist. If it dries out, the fronds will begin to dry and fall off. Because of the succulent nature of the rhizomes, if it is watered regularly, new fronds will grow—even if they previously dropped due to drying out. Raise the humidity by setting the container on a pebble tray.
Size
The rhizomes will creep to the edges of the container, climb over the rim, and keep growing. A low, wide container is best for this fern. The fronds will rise above the foliage approximately 12 to 18 inches.
Propagation
Take cuttings of the rhizome with a frond attached. Pin them to a container of moist potting medium with a florist pin or piece of bent wire.
Pet Safety
Unknown.
HEARTLEAF PHILODENDRON
LOW LIGHT
MOIST
TOXIC TO PETS
Other Common Names
Sweetheart vine, heartleaf, parlor ivy
Botanical Name
Philodendron hederaceum
The heartleaf philodendron and the pothos are probably tied as the most popular houseplants of all time; the heart-shaped leaves and ease of care account for their popularity. Today’s newer cultivars keep that popularity high. The dark-green leaves allow them not only to survive in a low-light situation but to thrive.
Light
This philodendron does well in the low light of a north window but thrives in medium light, such as an east window or back a few feet from a west window. A southern exposure may burn or bleach the leaves.
Water
This is a forgiving plant if it dries out but would prefer to be kept evenly moist. It does not want to be wet, though.
Size
This trailing plant can get quite long, but you can keep it bushy by trimming some of the stems back to the soil line. New shoots will emerge.
Propagation
Root stem cuttings in a moist potting medium.
Cultivars
‘Brazil’ (pictured)—A cultivar with dark-green leaves with bright-green accents.
‘Lemon Lime’—A cultivar with bright-green leaves.
P. brandtianum—Gray leaves with dark-green veins.
P. micans—Dark-green leaves that appear to be quilted, not flat like the heartleaf philodendron.
Pet Safety
Toxic to pets.
HOLLY FERN
LOW LIGHT
MOIST
SAFE FOR PETS
Other Common Names
Japanese holly fern
Botanical Name
Cyrtomium falcatum
The shiny dark-green leaflets on the fronds of the holly fern do slightly resemble holly leaves, with the pointed notches along their edges, but the plants are not related in any way. Because the fronds are a little bit leathery, this fern is more forgiving than others of the dry air in our homes.
Light
Give this fern low to medium light, such as an east or north window, or set back a few feet from a west or south window.
Water
Keep it evenly moist, not allowing it to dry out nor letting it stand in water. Though it is forgiving of dry air, it would be better to set the fern on a pebble tray to raise the humidity.
Size
The fronds can be up to 2 feet long, so the fern can be 4 feet wide.
Propagation
The plant may be divided to propagate.
Pet Safety
Not toxic to pets.
JAPANESE ARALIA
MEDIUM LIGHT
MOIST
SAFE FOR PETS
Botanical Name
Fatsia japonica
The Japanese aralia is a great focal point in a room. Its large, palmately lobed leaves have seven to nine lobes, and the plant can grow to several feet high. It is often sold as a single stem, which grows tall with its large leaves protruding on beefy stalks. It can be trimmed to make it branch out and become more shrublike.
Light
For best growth, place this plant in medium light, such as an east or west window. It will also do well in a low-light setting, such as a north window, or back a number of feet from a south window.
Water
Keep the Fatsia plant evenly moist. If it dries out, it may drop its lower leaves. Keep the humidity up around the plant and keep it away from heat registers, as the plant will attract spider mites if it is kept too dry and warm air is blowing on it.
Size
It can become a stately plant that, in its native habitat in Japan, could be up to 15 feet tall. In the home it will most likely grow only to 6 feet.
Cultivars
‘Spider’s Web’—A cultivar with white mottled foliage that is attractive but needs more light than its all-green counterpart.
Pet Safety
Not toxic to pets.
JEWEL ORCHID
MEDIUM LIGHT
MOIST
SAFE FOR PETS
Other Common Names
Black jewel orchid
Botanical Name
Ludisia discolor
Though the white spikes of flowers on this plant are beautiful, they are nothing compared to its amazing foliage, whose burgundy color with iridescent peach stripes make this terrestrial orchid an unusual plant. It is an extremely easy orchid to grow in potting medium and blooms in a medium-light window. These plants can become leggy as they get older. Take tip cuttings and, after rooting them, plant them back in the pot to make for a fuller and more attractive plant.
Light
Jewel orchids are found in shady places in their native habitat, so they are perfect for our homes. They do need bright light to bloom, though, so give them medium light such as that from an east window. Turn it regularly to promote flowering on the entire plant. This plant can grow well in a lower light, though it won’t have any blooms.
Water
Use a heavy, peat-based potting medium and keep it evenly moist.
Flowers
The small flowers are white and appear on flower stems that rise above the foliage approximately 12 inches.
Size
The foliage is only a few inches high, but the stems do extend over the edge of the pot and hang down approximately 8 to 10 inches. These plants make an excellent hanging basket.
Propagation
Root tip cuttings in moist potting medium. The plant can also be cut apart and pieces potted up individually.
Pet Safety
Not toxic to dogs or cats.
KANGAROO FERN
MEDIUM LIGHT
MOIST
SAFETY UNKNOWN
Other Common Names
Kangaroo paw fern
Botanical Name
Microsorum diversifolium
The shiny bright-green fronds of this fern are deeply lobed. It is a “footed” fern but is different from other footed ferns in that its rhizomes aren’t overly fuzzy and are a dark chocolate color. The kangaroo fern is usually offered as a hanging basket; the rhizomes will keep right on growing over the rim and down the side of the container. They could completely cover the pot, if allowed, or they can be moved into a wider pot. A low, wide pot is the best container for this fern, so it can creep across the potting medium.
Light
As with most ferns, it likes medium light—an east window is perfect. It could also work in a north window, a few feet back from a west window, or even further from a south window.
Water
Do not let this fern dry out; keep it evenly moist, never wet. If it dries out, the result will be yellowing leaves that will eventually fall off, though it is a little forgiving because the rhizomes hold a bit of water. Keep the humidity up by placing the container on a pebble tray.
Size
The fronds rise approximately 1 foot above the rhizomes, and the plant will spread as wide as its container and beyond.
Propagation
Remove a piece of the rhizome with a frond intact and pin it to a moist potting medium.
Pet Safety
Unknown.
LEMON BUTTON FERN
LOW LIGHT
MOIST
SAFE FOR PETS
Other Common Names
Fishbone fern
Botanical Name
Nephrolepis cordifolia
This close cousin of the Boston fern (see here) is much more diminutive than its large relative. It is also called fishbone fern because of the placement of the leaflets on its fronds. Many confuse this fern with the button fern, Pellaea rotundifolia (shown here) because of its round leaflets. The leaflets of the lemon button fern are much thinner than the button fern’s, so the plant needs higher humidity. When its leaves a re crushed, it gives off a slight lemon scent.
Light
Place your fern in low to medium light; light that is too bright will burn the fronds. This is a perfect small plant for a desk at work if there is enough light to support it. The fluorescent lights in your office would probably be enough to keep it growing well.
Water
Water your fern regularly to keep it moist. Do not allow it to completely dry out or it will lose its leaflets. As with almost all ferns, the lemon button would like high humidity around its fronds, so place it on a pebble tray to raise the humidity level.
Size
Up to 12 inches tall.
Pet Safety
Not toxic to pets.
‘LITTLE HOPE’ PHILODENDRON
LOW LIGHT
MOIST
TOXIC TO PETS
Botanical Name
Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum ‘Little Hope’ (formerly Philodendron bipinnatifidum)
Do you love the look of the huge split-leaf philodendron (Thaumatophyllum selloum, formerly Philodendron selloum) or the swiss cheese plant (Monstera deliciosa) but don’t have the room for such an imposing plant? The ‘Little Hope’ philodendron may be right for you. It has the split-leaf philodendron look but is easy to care for and small enough to fit in a small apartment or home.
Light
As with many philodendrons, this plant will tolerate low light well. Medium light would be preferable, but it is a versatile plant and adapts well to its situation.
Water
Keep the potting medium evenly moist, letting the top couple of inches dry out before watering again. The amount of light the plant receives will be important when deciding how much water it needs.
Size
It will grow to less than 2 feet and may be 3 feet around at maturity. In comparison to the regular split-leaf, it is considered a dwarf plant.
Pet Safety
Toxic to pets.
LUCKY BAMBOO
MEDIUM LIGHT
WET
TOXIC TO PETS
Other Common Names
Ribbon plant, curly bamboo, Chinese water bamboo
Botanical Name
Dracaena sanderiana
Lucky bamboo—which is not a bamboo at all, but a dracaena—has been popular since it first came to the market in the late 1990s. It is said to bring luck and is used extensively in feng shui. If the stem is in a curled formation, it has been trained that way by being turned to the light—a form of phototropism. It is also available with braided stems or in other trained forms.
Light
Dracaenas need medium to bright light to grow best. In lower-light situations, they may stretch for the light but will still do well.
Water
This plant is most often grown exclusively in water but can be grown in a potting medium as well. Dracaenas do not like the chemicals in municipal tap water, so if possible use rainwater or distilled water. Change the water at least one to two times per month and keep it at the same level all the time. If you grow this plant in soil, keep it evenly moist.
Size
Canes can range from 1 inch to many feet tall, according to how long the grower has cut them. They can be kept trimmed.
Propagation
Root cuttings in moist potting medium or place them in water to grow roots. If you cut the top of the cane off, new sprouts will emerge lower on the cane. The cane piece that has been cut off with the green leaves still attached can be placed in water to grow new roots.
Pet Safety
Toxic to pets.
MONSTERA
MEDIUM LIGHT
MOIST
TOXIC TO PETS
Other Common Names
Swiss cheese plant, fruit salad plant
Botanical Name
Monstera deliciosa
This midcentury-modern decorating staple is once again one of the most popular houseplants in the world. The high ceilings and open-concept floor plans popular today have brought this large plant back into the spotlight, helped by its large architectural presence and ease of care. The huge perforated, lobed leaves are unique and are thought to have holes in them to combat the strong winds and large amounts of rain they can be exposed to in their native environment, high in the trees of the rainforest. They send out aerial roots to gather more moisture and to stabilize themselves—do not allow them to attach themselves to your wood floors or other surfaces, as they will leave marks when pulled away.
Light
Monstera can tolerate low light but prefers medium to bright light. In its native habitat, it starts life on the jungle floor and scrambles along until it finds a tree to cling to, then climbs to the top for light.
Water
Keep this plant evenly moist, letting it get quite dry before watering again.
Size
This plant can get large and will need a lot of room to grow. Growing it on a moss pole is best so it has something to cling to, and it may reach 10 or more feet tall.
Propagation
Plant stem-tip cuttings in moist potting medium, or root them in water. The plant can also be air-layered.
Cultivars
‘Variegata’—A variegated form that has splotches of light green and white on the dark-green leaves.
Pet Safety
Toxic to pets.
MOSES IN THE CRADLE
MEDIUM LIGHT
DRY
TOXIC TO PETS
Other Common Names
Oyster plant
Botanical Name
Rhoeo spathacea
The two bracts that surround this plant’s small white flower resemble shells, thus the common name of oyster plant—and of course the white flower cradled down in the bracts brings to mind Moses floating down the river in his basket. This plant, used for a groundcover in the south, makes a good low- to medium-light houseplant. The upward-pointing leaves allow the purple undersides to show. The tops of the leaves are dark green.
Light
Nonvariegated cultivars of this plant can take low to medium light, such as a north or east window. If your plant is variegated, medium to bright light is recommended, such as an east or west window.
Water
Keep this plant evenly moist. Do not overwater it, as it easily rots, and it is better to err on the side of too dry rather than too wet. It appreciates a higher humidity to ensure the tips do not turn brown.
Flowers
A small white flower surrounded by two bracts deep in the leaves of the plant, apparent only when you think to look for them.
Size
Grows 1 to 11/2 feet tall.
Propagation
Remove offsets and pot them up separately.
Cultivars
‘Tricolor’—This newer, popular cultivar is bright green with white and pink stripes, and the undersides of the leaves are bright pink.
‘Vittata’—An older cultivar that has yellow stripes on the green tops of the leaves but still boasts the purple undersides.
Pet Safety
Toxic to pets.
NERVE PLANT
MEDIUM LIGHT
MOIST
SAFE FOR PETS
Other Common Names
Mosaic plant, silver net plant
Botanical Name
Fittonia spp.
The nerve plant’s beautifully veined leaves are its main attraction. The smaller-leaved varieties of this plant have thin leaves that will require a higher humidity than our homes usually offer; a terrarium is a perfect environment for them. The plants come in pink, white, green, and red, and some even have piecrust edges. The smaller forms of this endearing plant are also used often as a fairy garden plant.
Light
Low to medium light is best. High light will burn the leaves.
Water
This plant does not want to be too wet, as it will rot. On the other hand, do not allow it to dry out, as it will drop its leaves. Keep it evenly moist. This plant loves high humidity, so place it on a pebble tray or in a terrarium.
Size
‘Pink Wave’ can reach 10 to 12 inches tall, but the smaller versions will be low-growing groundcover up to 4 to 5 inches tall.
Propagation
Root tip cuttings in moist potting medium.
Cultivars
‘Pink Wave’ (pictured)—A large-leaved variety grown for its leaves that are thicker than the smaller varieties, thus not needing such high humidity to grow well in our homes.
‘White Anne’—Green leaves with bright-white veins.
‘Red Anne’—Green leaves with red veins.
‘Pink Star’—Green leaves with pink veins with ruffled leaves.
Pet Safety
Not toxic to pets.
OX-TONGUE
MEDIUM LIGHT
DRY
SAFE FOR PETS
Botanical Name
Gasteraloe ‘Little Warty’
This plant’s common name comes from its leaves, which some say resemble a tongue, with their rounded tips and the tubercles (small round protuberances). Ox-tongue is easy to grow and makes a great medium-light succulent houseplant; it can also be placed in a lower light and still do well. This particular variety is a dark green with white tubercles all over the leaves.
Light
Gasterias can thrive on a west or east windowsill. They could also be placed a few feet from a south window and do well.
Water
These fleshy succulents should be planted in a fast-draining medium and never allowed to sit in water. Keep drier in the winter when the light levels are lower.
Flowers
The name Gasteria comes from the plant’s flowers, which resemble the shape of a stomach. Ox-tongue will easily produce these flowers on a west windowsill. Most are orange with a green tip and hang from 2- to 3-foot-long stems. This gasteraloe is a cross between the genus Gasteria and the genus Aloe, and its flowers are more tubular, like the Aloe plant.
Size
Gasterias can range from a little over 1 inch high to more than 2 feet tall, depending on the variety.
Propagation
These plants make quite a large number of offsets, which can be removed and potted up individually. They also can be started from seed. Single leaves can be removed, allowed to dry for a few weeks, and planted in a moist potting mix. Or they can be laid horizontally on the medium and they will grow babies and roots from the cut end in a few months.
Pet Safety
Not toxic to pets.
PARALLEL PEPEROMIA
MEDIUM LIGHT
MOIST
SAFE FOR PETS
Other Common Names
Radiator plant
Botanical Name
Peperomia puteolata
The parallel peperomia, though not a technically a vine, does become a weeping plant with age and may be found for sale in a hanging basket. The leaves are whorled around the red stem in groupings of three to five and are heavily veined, with the veins running parallel to the edges of the leaves, thus the common name. This family of plants is quite easy to grow as long as you do not overwater, as most are quite succulent—whether it be their leaves or stems that are succulent.
Light
Give this plant a medium-light setting, such as an east or west window. It will do well in a lower-light situation but may stretch for the light.
Water
Plant in a well-drained potting medium and keep it evenly moist, but not wet.
Size
Parallel peperomia can grow up to 15 inches long.
Propagation
Root tip cuttings in a moist potting mix.
Pet Safety
Not toxic to pets.
PARLOR PALM
LOW LIGHT
MOIST
SAFE FOR PETS
Botanical Name
Chamaedorea elegans ‘Bella’
In Victorian times, this palm graced nearly every parlor, thus earning its name. Like the cast-iron plant (shown here), it could survive the dark, cold conditions of the homes of this era. Its tolerance to low light has been the main reason for its popularity. It grows slowly, and tiny versions of this plant are often used in dish and basket gardens.
Light
The parlor palm can tolerate low light levels but would prefer a medium light. If it receives too much light, its normal bright-green color will turn yellowish.
Water
Keep the soil evenly moist, but do not let the plant stand in water. Make sure to use a good, well-draining potting medium. To lessen the chance of a spider-mite infestation, keep the humidity high by placing the plant on a pebble tray and giving it a refreshing shower of water at least once a month—this also keeps the dust off the leaves.
Size
This plant slowly grows to 3 to 4 feet high.
Propagation
Propagate from seed.
Pet Safety
Not toxic to pets.
PEACE LILY
MEDIUM LIGHT
MOIST
TOXIC TO PETS
Other Common Names
White sail plant, spath
Botanical Name
Spathiphyllum spp.
Related to the aglaonema, philodendron, and dieffenbachia rather than to true lilies, these popular plants are easy to care for and forgiving of underwatering. The white flowers appear with medium light, which the plant prefers. The beautiful, shiny, dark-green leaves are very attractive.
Light
The peace lily can tolerate medium to low light, but flowers may not appear in a low light. An east or north window would work well, with the east window producing flowers. It will flower 5 to 6 feet away from a west window.
Water
This plant does not like to dry out, so keep it evenly moist. Although it will wilt from underwatering, it comes back quite well as soon as water is added to the medium. Some use the wilting as a visual indicator to water, but if that happens often, leaves will start dying back from the tips and yellow leaves will appear. It is better to check the plant often and keep it moist.
Flowers
While it looks like a flower, the large, white flag-like appendage of the peace lily is actually a spathe. The white upright cylinder appearing in the middle of the spathe is the spadix and is covered with tiny flowers. Pollen falls from them, dusting the leaves with a powdery white substance. In commercial settings, the spadix is quite often removed to keep the leaves clean and pollen free. The spathe and spadix last for a long time, which is a nice bonus. As they age, they will turn brown and at that time can be removed by cutting the stem as close to the potting medium as possible.
Size
Peace lilies have many cultivars, ranging from 1 foot tall to over 4 feet.
Propagation
The peace lily is a multiple-crown plant. The easy way to propagate these is to just separate the crowns and plant them up individually.
Cultivars
‘Domino’—A variegated form with white markings on the puckered leaves.
Pet Safety
Toxic to pets.
PEACOCK MOSS
MEDIUM LIGHT
MOIST
SAFE FOR PETS
Other Common Names
Spike moss, club moss, frosty fern
Botanical Name
Selaginella kraussiana ‘Variegata’
While neither ferns nor true mosses, selaginellas are considered “fern allies” and like similar growing conditions. The iridescence of the leaves of this low-growing plant makes it attractive to collectors. The white-tipped peacock moss variety is often sold at holiday time and called the “frosty fern.” There are also red-colored varieties for added interest. Because of its moisture and humidity preferences, the frosty fern makes a great terrarium groundcover.
Light
Medium light is best, as in an east window. These plants do not want to be in high light, as it will bleach them out. The lower light of a north window would work as well, but the white-tipped variety needs more light to remain variegated.
Water
Keep this plant evenly moist, never allowing it to dry out. If it is grown as a holiday plant, it may come in a foil cover. Remove the cover when watering so that the plant is never standing in water. Raise the humidity by placing it on a pebble tray or by growing in a terrarium. These plants never want to completely dry out, so check them often. If the top of the potting medium feels dry, give it a drink of water.
Size
This is a small plant, only a few inches high, though being a groundcover it can spread quite far.
Propagation
Propagate by spores or division.
Pet Safety
Not toxic to pets.
PEACOCK PLANT
MEDIUM LIGHT
MOIST
SAFE FOR PETS
Other Common Names
Zebra plant, rattlesnake plant
Botanical Name
Calathea makoyana
The beautiful markings on this plant’s leaves give it its colorful common names—the light-green leaves have dark green stripes and spots on top, and the undersides are a burgundy color. The spotted pattern reminds us of peacocks, and the stripes of zebras. Calatheas need even moisture and high humidity.
Light
Place in medium light, such as an east window or back a few feet from a west window. This plant will also do well in a north window.
Water
Keep the humidity high by placing these plants on pebble trays and, if possible, growing them in a bathroom or kitchen window, where the humidity is a little higher already. Keep the well-drained potting medium moist, but not wet. Never let calatheas dry out completely. Dry plants, dry air, and fluoride in tap water can all cause brown edges and tips on the leaves.
Size
Up to 2 feet tall or more.
Propagation
Propagate by division.
Pet Safety
Not toxic to pets.
PHILODENDRON MAYOI ‘TAHITI’
LOW LIGHT
MOIST
TOXIC TO PETS
Botanical Name
Philodendron mayoi ‘Tahiti’
Like most philodendrons, this plant is very versatile to light conditions. ‘Tahiti’ will most likely be found for sale in a hanging basket. It does well in that form but would prefer to grow up a trellis or a moss pole, which you can find at garden centers or online. The moss pole is inserted into the plant’s container and the tendrils cling to it; this mimics its natural habitat of growing upwards on trees in the jungle. Even a foraged dead branch can work, and may be more interesting—or you can make your own moss pole with chicken wire and moss. When this plant grows upward, the size of its leaves usually increases. If you grow it on a support, especially a branch, it can be a great conversation piece in the room.
Light
Place your philodendron in medium to low light. Do not place it in direct sun, as it may burn or bleach the foliage.
Water
Keep it evenly moist, but not too wet or standing in water.
Size
This plant will only be approximately 12 inches tall in a hanging basket, but the vines will take off and be as long as you let them grow. Keep it trimmed back to keep the size under control.
Pet Safety
Toxic to pets.
PIGGYBACK PLANT
LOW LIGHT
MOIST
SAFE FOR PETS
Other Common Names
Mother of thousands
Botanical Name
Tolmiea menziesii
The endearing thing about this unusual plant is the way little plantlets grow on top of its leaves. Each small plantlet is a replica of the mother plant. This plant is native to the northwestern part of the United States, where it grows as a shade groundcover in damp woods and along creeks. It spreads from underground stems.
Light
This plant can tolerate a low-light setting but would like to be in medium light. Do not place it in direct sun, as it may burn.
Water
Do not let your piggyback plant dry out completely. It may recover, but the leaf edges will be brown and crispy.
Size
This plant will form a mounded shape up to 12 inches tall. In its native habitat, it can grow up to 3 feet, but in the house it most likely will not become that large.
Propagation
Remove a leaf with a leaflet growing on it plus a small piece of stem and place it in a container of moist potting medium. A plastic cover is helpful to keep the humidity up until it grows roots. Or leave the leaf attached to the mother plant and pin it with a hairpin or bent piece of wire, such as a paper clip snipped in half, to a small pot of moist potting medium. It will root, using the food and nutrients coming from the mother plant. After it roots, you can cut it away from the mother.
Pet Safety
Not toxic to pets.
PIN STRIPE CALATHEA
MEDIUM LIGHT
MOIST
SAFE FOR PETS
Other Common Names
Pin stripe prayer plant
Botanical Name
Calathea ornata
The beautiful foliage of this plant is its main attraction—who wouldn’t love its pink pin stripes? It is often considered to be a prayer plant, and it is in the same family as the Maranta genus (shown here). The pink stripes feather out from the midrib to the edges on a slight curve over the dark-green leaves. The undersides of the leaves are burgundy.
Light
Calatheas need a medium exposure to ensure the stripes stay a bright pink. Direct sun will fade the markings, yet too little light will not allow them to stay bright and colorful.
Water
Keep this plant evenly moist—not wet, but never dry either. Place it on a pebble tray to keep the humidity high. This is a must, as the leaf edges will turn brown if grown in dry air. They are also affected by the fluoride in water if your community adds it. Use rainwater or distilled water to ensure the edges and tips aren’t brown.
Size
This calathea may grow to 2 feet tall.
Propagation
Propagate by division.
Pet Safety
Not toxic to pets.
PLUM PINE
MEDIUM LIGHT
MOIST
TOXIC TO PETS
Other Common Names
Buddhist pine, southern yew
Botanical Name
Podocarpus macrophyllus var. maki
In much of the southern United States, Podocarpus macrophyllus is grown outside as an evergreen hedge, much like the yew of northern climates—thus the common name of southern yew. The variety maki is most often used as a houseplant, as it stays more compact with shorter leaves. It can be kept even smaller with pruning or made into a shaped topiary or even a bonsai. If left to grow naturally without pruning, it takes on a weeping appearance.
Light
This plant prefers a medium to bright light but can tolerate low light as well.
Water
Keep it evenly moist and plant in a fast-draining potting medium. Do not allow it to sit in water, as it is susceptible to root rot.
Size
The plant grows up to 6 to 8 feet but with pruning can be kept 4 to 5 feet tall. It is an excellent large floor plant.
Propagation
Take tip cuttings, dip them in rooting hormone, then plant them in moist potting medium. This plant can also be grown from seed.
Pet Safety
Toxic to pets.
POLKA DOT PLANT
MEDIUM LIGHT
MOIST
SAFE FOR PETS
Other Common Names
Freckle face plant
Botanical Name
Hypoestes phyllostachya
Polka dot plants have gained in popularity in the last few years because they are easy to find and easy to grow, and they have bright, colorful foliage. Often found in the fairy gardening section at your local garden center, these plants are also popular in dish gardens and terrariums. They are thin-leaved and need high humidity levels to grow their best. Place them in a window over the kitchen sink or in the bathroom, use a pebble tray, or place them in a terrarium for best humidity.
Light
Medium light is best, so place polka dot plants in an east window or back a few feet from a west window. If they don’t have enough light, they may stretch. If placed in an area where they get full sun exposure, the thin leaves may become washed out or even burnt.
Water
Keep this plant evenly moist, not allowing it to dry out, as it quite unforgiving of dry soil. Low humidity will cause brown leaf tips and edges.
Size
It is important to keep these small plants trimmed so that they stay full. They can reach 16 inches or more and become quite leggy and sparse if not trimmed.
Propagation
Root tip cuttings in moist potting mix or grow from seed.
Pet Safety
Not toxic to pets.
POTHOS
LOW LIGHT
MOIST
TOXIC TO PETS
Other Common Names
Devil’s ivy, golden pothos, money plant
Botanical Name
Epipremnum aureum
If there is any plant out there that everyone is familiar with, it has to be the ubiquitous pothos. You can find it framing windows, sprawling down furniture, or spanning beams on the ceiling. Its tolerance to low-light situations is a plus in the houseplant world. These plants are often used in office settings, because they can thrive where the only light they receive is from fluorescent lights.
Light
The golden pothos, which has green leaves with yellow marbling, can tolerate the low light of a north window but would prefer the medium light found within a few feet of a west or east window. If your plant loses its yellow color and reverts to all green, move it into more light and it will regain its variegation.
Water
This plant will let you know it is dry by wilting over the edge of the pot, but it would be best if that never happens, as it will develop some yellow leaves. Keep it evenly moist, but never standing in water, as the roots may rot and the plant will collapse.
Size
In its native habitat, this vine can climb 40 to 70 feet up a tree. In our homes, the vines can become 10 to 20 feet long if left untrimmed, but there may only be leaves on the ends of the stems and the rest left naked. It is better to keep your plant trimmed and full. Cut a few of the stems back to the soil line and new sprouts will appear.
Propagation
Root stem cuttings in water or in potting medium.
Cultivars
‘Marble Queen’—This cultivar has exceptionally attractive white- and green-splotched leaves. It will need more light than some varieties, as it has a lot of white on the leaves, but not full sun, which will burn those white parts.
‘N’ Joy’ and ‘Pearls and Jade’—These cultivars are similar, with more organized white-and-green patches. ‘Pearls and Jade’ also has small dots of green softening the edges of the different colors. Both are newer exceptional hybrids.
‘Neon’—A bright-chartreuse green cultivar that brightens any room with its color.
Pet Safety
Toxic to pets.
PRAYER PLANT
MEDIUM LIGHT
MOIST
SAFE FOR PETS
Other Common Names
Rabbit tracks, herringbone plant
Botanical Name
Maranta spp.
Imagine having a plant that folds its leaves up at night, quietly rustling them in the process. This plant gets its common name from that interesting habit, as it appears to fold its “hands” in prayer. The main attraction, though, is the beautiful look of the leaves. Some have red stripes and splotches, while others have dark-green splotches on a lighter-green leaf. The undersides of the leaves on some species are burgundy, adding to the interest of this striking plant.
Light
Medium light, such as an east window, is preferred. You can also place this plant back a foot or so from a west window, a few feet from a south window, or close to a north window.
Water
Keep the soil evenly moist and avoid fluoridated water—used bottled or distilled instead. Do not allow these plants to dry out. They can be a little bit finicky, as their leaves may develop brown edges if the humidity is too low, so use a pebble tray to keep the humidity high.
Size
Prayer plants stay relatively low, usually under a foot, but can spread out 2 to 3 feet if grown well. As larger plants, they are often offered for purchase in a hanging basket.
Propagation
Tip cuttings should root in a moist potting medium. A large plant may also be separated into smaller plants.
Cultivars
M. leuconeura var. erythroneura—The leaves of this variety have light-green splotches running the length of the midrib and bright pinkish-red veins curving away from the center. A beautiful version of the prayer plant.
M. leuconeura var. kerchoveana (rabbit tracks) (shown)—The leaves on this variety have dark-green splotches on either side of the main midrib. The variegated version (M. leuconeura var. kerchoveana variegata) has the same dark-green splotches but also white and red splotches that make it more interesting.
Pet Safety
Not toxic to pets.
‘SILVER SATIN’ POTHOS
LOW LIGHT
DRY
TOXIC TO PETS
Botanical Name
Scindapsus pictus ‘Silver Satin’
I cannot say enough about this easy, low-light plant. I have one growing in my bathroom and one in my living room, both set back far from the windows, and they are doing great in the lower light. The thick leaves mean the plant doesn’t need to be watered often, especially in a low-light situation. The silver splotches on its medium-green leaves make it an attractive plant. It can be grown with long tendrils to train around a window. You can also place it in a macramé planter or let it cascade off a shelf.
Light
Place this plant in low to medium light and watch it thrive.
Water
Because of its thick, leathery leaves, it stores water well and does not need it as often as thinner-leaved plants. Let it dry down between waterings, but not until it is bone dry. Do not leave it standing in water either.
Size
This plant can produce long tendrils, but it can become more stringy and bare the longer the tendrils become. To keep the plant fuller, cut a few of the tendrils back to the soil line and it will sprout new stems, keeping the middle of the plant full and more attractive. Use the cuttings to make new plants.
Propagation
Root cuttings in water or in a container of moist potting medium.
Cultivars
‘Jade’—This variety can take even lower light than ‘Silver Satin’ because of its solid dark green color. Its thick leaves make it quite drought tolerant as well, though it should never completely dry out.
Pet Safety
Toxic to pets.
SNAKE PLANT
LOW LIGHT
DRY
TOXIC TO PETS
Other Common Names
Bowstring hemp plant, mother-in-law’s tongue
Botanical Name
Sansevieria trifasciata
The snake plant is back in vogue. Previously, they were disregarded because they have been commonly placed in dark corners and left to languish, leaves falling over due to lack of proper light. Now, they’re back, touting many varieties and forms, plus a reputation as an air purifier. These qualities, along with better information about growing this plant, have given it the place in the houseplant world it deserves.
Light
The snake plant (especially the darker green varieties) will tolerate low-light situations and do well if not overwatered there. However, they prefer medium to bright light.
Water
Many a snake plant has been killed by overwatering. Water infrequently in a low-light setting, letting the potting medium become quite dry before watering again. In a high-light setting, they will use more water. Never allow a sansevieria to sit in water.
Size
These plants can range from a few inches to many feet tall, depending on the cultivar.
Propagation
Because of the multiple crowns this plant produces, separating is the simplest way to propagate them. Leaves cut into 2- to 3-inch sections and planted upright will form new plants at the base. Make sure the sections are planted with the top side up or they will not grow.
Cultivars
S. cylindrica—Instead of flat leaves, this snake plant’s leaves are round and very sharply pointed. It can grow to over 6 feet tall.
‘Bantel’s Sensation’—The bright white-and-green striped leaves of this cultivar are very striking. It grows 3 to 4 feet tall.
‘Laurentii’—This green-striped variety with yellow edges up the sides of the leaves is a very popular, old cultivar. It grows 3 to 4 feet tall.
S. masoniana ‘Mason’s Congo’—The leaves of this large variety can be 8 to 10 inches wide, and the plant can grow 3 to 4 feet tall.
Pet Safety
Toxic to pets.
SPIDER PLANT
LOW LIGHT
MOIST
SAFE FOR PETS
Other Common Names
Airplane plant
Botanical Name
Chlorophytum comosum
The charming spider plant is one of the most popular houseplants. The variegated version is usually the one offered for sale and is often in a hanging basket. The miniature plants floating in the air attached to long stems from the parent are the most endearing characteristic of this plant. The tuberous root system means it will need to be up-potted or divided when the roots fill the pot, or it may break the container.
Light
The solid-green version of this plant can live in low light, but the variegated versions need medium to bright light.
Water
Keep the spider plant evenly moist. Brown tips appear with the salt buildup from fertilizing the plant; flush the plant often to rectify the problem and trim the leaves to remove the brown tips.
Size
These plants are 1 to 2 feet tall, but the stems cascade 2 to 3 feet over the edge of the container.
Propagation
The little plantlets at the ends of the stems can be removed and rooted in a moist potting medium or in water. To ensure faster rooting, leave the babies attached to the parent plant and pin them to a container of moist medium. When they are well rooted, cut them away from the parent. Divide a large plant into smaller pieces and pot individually.
Cultivars
‘Bonnie’—This cultivar has curly leaves.
Pet Safety
Not toxic to pets.
VELVET CALATHEA
MEDIUM LIGHT
MOIST
SAFE FOR PETS
Other Common Names
Fuzzy pheasant feather
Botanical Name
Calathea rufibarba
The look of this plant’s leaves alone make it worth seeking out—they are dark green and lance-shaped with burgundy undersides and wavy edges. If you run your hands up the backs of the leaves, you will find out what makes it even more unique: they feel like velvet. You can’t help but pet the leaves like you would your favorite cat or dog. The species name rufibarba is derived from the Latin rufus, meaning “red,” and barba, meaning “beard.”
Light
This plant does great in a medium light, especially an east window. It also likes a north exposure. Do not place it in a light that is too bright, as it will burn or bleach the leaves.
Water
Keep it well watered, not letting it dry out. It also will need high humidity to deter spider mites from moving in. Place it on a pebble tray to raise the humidity.
Size
This plant will grow to approximately 12 to 20 inches tall.
Propagation
This plant has multiple crowns and can be propagated by division.
Pet Safety
Not toxic to pets.
WANDERING JEW
MEDIUM LIGHT
MOIST
TOXIC TO PETS
Other Common Names
Spiderwort
Botanical Name
Tradescantia zebrina
This vine is a popular hanging basket plant. The attractive striped leaves shimmer in the light with iridescence. The plant is easy to grow, and because of its succulent stems it can take a bit of neglect. The stems are brittle and break off easily, but this is a perfect opportunity to start some more plants and share with others.
Light
This plant does best in medium light; it tolerates low light but may lose some of its color. An east or west window is best. Placing it in a too-bright situation will bleach or burn it.
Water
Keep the potting medium evenly moist, but not too wet, or stem and root rot can set in. Because the stems are succulent, it is forgiving of drying out temporarily.
Size
This vining plant typically doesn’t grow taller than 6 inches but can trail over the container by 2 feet or more.
Propagation
Root stem cuttings in a moist potting medium.
Pet Safety
Toxic to pets.
WATERMELON VINE
LOW LIGHT
MOIST
SAFE FOR PETS
Botanical Name
Pellionia pulchra
The watermelon vine’s leaf veins resemble a watermelon rind—and to add to the effect, it also has reddish stems. This plant is usually sold as either a small plant for a terrarium or as a large plant in a hanging basket. It is easy to grow, but though it’s called a vine, it is more of a trailing plant.
Light
This unique plant needs only low to medium light to be happy. Do not place it in bright light, as it may bleach or burn the leaves.
Water
Watermelon vine appreciates an evenly moist potting medium. If it becomes too dry, it will lose its older leaves. It does not want to stand in water either.
Size
The plant is only a couple of inches high and spreads or hangs down from the container about 1 foot. If it gets leggy, pinch the ends off and propagate new plants to fill in the pot.
Propagation
Root tip cuttings in a moist potting medium.
Pet Safety
Not toxic to pets.
ZZ PLANT
LOW LIGHT
DRY
TOXIC TO PETS
Other Common Names
Zanzibar gem
Botanical Name
Zamioculcas zamiifolia
If you have a dark corner in which every other plant has perished, this is the solution for you. The ZZ plant has become one of the most popular houseplants in the past few years, as it can take low light and still look amazing. It has shiny dark-green leaves with a strong architectural appearance. The leaves are upright and are made up of many leaflets on each rachis (the stem of a compound leaf), the actual “stem” being the underground tuberous rhizomes.
Light
While it is true this plant can tolerate low light levels for quite some time, it prefers medium to bright light to grow to its full potential.
Water
This plant has been touted as extremely drought tolerant, and while it can take long periods between waterings, the frequency depends on the light level it is growing in. If it dries down too much, it will drop leaflets.
Size
This plant can reach up to 3 feet tall.
Propagation
The unusual part of this plant is that it can grow new plants from an individual leaflet, but it takes quite a long time. Place the cut end into moist potting medium and cover with plastic or glass. This process may take many months. The plant can also be divided.
Pet Safety
Toxic to pets.
