List of Illustrations

Chapter 1

Diagram 1-1: The Three Grids of North America

Diagram 1-2: A Grid in Your Home

Diagram 1-3: An Early Electric System

Diagram 1-4: A Slightly Improved System

Diagram 1-5: Early Electric System Tie-Lines

Diagram 1-6: Radial Electric System

Diagram 1-7: Network Electric System

Diagram 1-8: Alternating Current

Diagram 1-9: Direct Current Tie-Lines between Grids

Diagram 1-10: Water Barrel Analogy for the Grid

Diagram 1-11: Transformers Allow the Grid to Connect Together

Diagram 1-12: The Three Phases of Alternating Current

Diagram 1-13: Three-Phase Transmission Line

Chapter 2

Diagram 2-1: Balancing Generation and Load

Diagram 2-2: Contract Path vs. Actual Flows

Chapter 5

Diagram 5-1: Load for a Typical Summer Peak Day

Diagram 5-2: Load for a Typical Winter Peak Day

Diagram 5-3: Load for a Typical Shoulder Season Day

Diagram 5-4: Generation Mix for a Typical Summer Peak