Appendix

GUIDES TO PREPARING VEGETABLES, WHOLE GRAINS, NUTS, AND SEEDS

GUIDE TO COOKING VEGETABLES

Vegetables are a mainstay of the Always Hungry Solution—full of nutrition and a great vehicle for the rich sauces and dips used in all program phases. Get creative, and let this guide remove the guesswork.

Vegetable: Arugula

Size and Prep: Rinse well. Coarsely chop.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté*: 2 to 3

Steam: 2 to 3

Boil:

Blanch**: Less than 1

Roast:

Vegetable: Asparagus

Size and Prep: Cut away and discard tough ends.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté: 4 to 6

Steam: 7 to 8

Boil: 6 to 8

Blanch: 1

Roast: 8 to 10

Vegetable: Beets

Size and Prep: To sauté: Peel and shred.

To steam or boil: Peel and cut into 1-inch cubes.

To blanch: Slice into thin rounds or half-moons.

To roast: Place whole, unpeeled beets in a baking dish with ¼ cup water and cover tightly or wrap individually in foil; peel skin when they are done.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté: 6 to 8

Steam: 15 to 20

Boil: 10 to 15

Blanch: 1 to 2

Roast: 45 to 60 (depending on size)

Vegetable: Bell Peppers (Green, Red, Orange, or Yellow)

Size and Prep: Remove and discard seeds. Cut into thin strips.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté: 5 to 7

Steam:

Boil:

Blanch: Less than 1

Roast: 20 to 25

Vegetable: Bok Choy, Tatsoi

Size and Prep: Cut white parts into ½-inch slices, coarsely chop the leaves.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté: 2 to 4

Steam: 2 to 4

Boil: 2 to 4

Blanch: Less than 1

Roast:

Vegetable: Broccoli

Size and Prep: Peel or cut off hard outer part of the stem and cut into small sticks; separate tops into small florets.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté: 4 to 6

Steam: 6 to 8

Boil: 6 to 8

Blanch: 1

Roast: 20 to 25

Vegetable: Broccoli Rabe, Rapini, or Chinese Broccoli

Size and Prep: Cut into ½-inch slices.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté: 4 to 6

Steam: 4 to 6

Boil: 4 to 6

Blanch: 1

Roast:

Vegetable: Cabbage (White, Green, or Red)

Size and Prep: Remove and discard core. Shred thinly. To roast: Cut into 1½-inch-thick wedges.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté: 5 to 7

Steam: 8 to 10

Boil: 8 to 10

Blanch: 1

Roast: 20 to 25

Vegetable: Carrots

Size and Prep: To sauté or blanch: Shred or cut into thin strips, rounds, or matchsticks.

To steam, boil, or roast: Cut into thick rounds or chunks.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté: 4 to 6

Steam: 8 to 10

Boil: 8 to 10

Blanch: 1 to 2

Roast: 25 to 30

Vegetable: Cauliflower

Size and Prep: Separate into small florets. Core diced.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté: 4 to 6

Steam: 7 to 9

Boil: 7 to 9

Blanch: 1 to 2

Roast: 15 to 18

Vegetable: Chard (Green or Red)

Size and Prep: Rinse well. Cut the stems into ½-inch slices and coarsely chop the greens.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté: 4 to 6—add stems first, then greens after 2 minutes

Steam: 4 to 6 Stems on bottom

Boil: 3 to 5

Blanch: 1 for stems, less for leaves

Roast:

Vegetable: Collard Greens

Size and Prep: Rinse well. Separate the stems from the leaves. Cut the stems into very thin rounds and coarsely chop the leaves.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté: 5 to 8

Steam: 5 to 8

Boil: 3 to 5

Blanch: 1 to 2

Roast:

Vegetable: Daikon or Other Types of Radish

Size and Prep: Cut into thick chunks or leave small radishes whole.

To sauté: Shred or cut into thin matchsticks.

To blanch: Cut into thin rounds or half-moons.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté: 4 to 6

Steam: 4 to 6

Boil: 5 to 8

Blanch: 1

Roast: 15 to 20

Vegetable: Eggplant

Size and Prep: Peel, if desired. Cut into 1-inch cubes or slices.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté: 10 to 12

Steam:

Boil:

Blanch:

Roast: 20 to 25

Vegetable: Fennel

Size and Prep: Cut bulb and stems into thin rounds. To roast: Cut into quarters or chunks.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté: 6 to 8

Steam: 6 to 8

Boil: 6 to 8

Blanch: 1 to 3

Roast: 30 to 45

Vegetable: Green Beans

Size and Prep: Trim off and discard tough ends or stems.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté: 3 to 5

Steam: 4 to 6

Boil: 4 to 6

Blanch: 1 or less

Roast: 8 to 10

Vegetable: Kale

Size and Prep: Rinse well. Separate the stems from the leaves. Cut the stems into very thin rounds and coarsely chop the leaves.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté: 4 to 7

Steam: 4 to 7

Boil: 3 to 5

Blanch: 1 to 2

Roast:

Vegetable: Leek

Size and Prep: Cut in half lengthwise and thoroughly rinse all layers.

Cut white and green parts into thin rounds.

To roast: Cut into large chunks.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté: 5 to 7

Steam: 5 to 7

Boil: 6 to 9

Blanch: 1 to 2

Roast: 20 to 30

Vegetable: Mustard Greens

Size and Prep: Rinse well. Separate the stems from the leaves. Cut the stems into very thin rounds and coarsely chop the leaves.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté: 3 to 5

Steam: 3 to 5

Boil: 3 to 5

Blanch: 1

Roast:

Vegetable: Napa or Chinese Cabbage

Size and Prep: Cut the white parts into ½-inch slices and coarsely chop the leaves.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté: 2 to 4

Steam: 2 to 4

Boil: 2 to 4

Blanch: Less than 1

Roast:

Vegetable: Onions (Sweet, Yellow, White, or Red)

Size and Prep: Peel the tough outer skin. Slice in thin half-moons or dice.

To roast: Cut into quarters or thick wedges.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté: 8 to 10

Steam: 10 to 12

Boil: 8 to 10

Blanch: 2 to 3

Roast: 20 to 25

Vegetable: Parsnips

Size and Prep: Cut into ½-inch chunks.

To sauté: Shred or cut into thin matchsticks.

To blanch: Cut into thin rounds.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté: 8 to 10

Steam: 13 to 15

Boil: 12 to 14

Blanch: 2

Roast: 35 to 50

Vegetable: Rutabaga

Size and Prep: Peel. Cut into ½-inch chunks.

To sauté: Shred or cut into thin matchsticks.

To blanch: Cut into thin rounds.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté: 7 to 9

Steam: 16 to 18

Boil: 14 to 16

Blanch: 1 to 2

Roast: 35 to 50

Vegetable: Snow Peas or Snap Peas

Size and Prep: Trim off and discard tough ends or stems and peel the string down the edge.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté: 2 to 3

Steam: 2 to 3

Boil: 2 to 3

Blanch: Less than 1

Roast:

Vegetable: Spinach

Size and Prep: Rinse well. Coarsely chop.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté: 2 to 3

Steam: 2 to 3

Boil: 3 to 5

Blanch: Less than 1

Roast:

Vegetable: Summer Squash (Yellow or Zucchini)

Size and Prep: Cut into ¼-inch-thick slices or sticks.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté: 5 to 10

Steam: 5 to 7

Boil: 5 to 7

Blanch: 1 to 2

Roast: 15 to 20

Vegetable: Sweet Potato

Size and Prep: To sauté: Shred or cut into thin matchsticks.

To steam or boil: Cut into 1-inch chunks or thick rounds.

To blanch: Cut into thin rounds.

To roast: Cut into 1-inch chunks or thick rounds, or leave whole.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté: 8 to 10

Steam: 8 to 10

Boil: 10 to 12

Blanch: 2 to 3

Roast: 45 to 60

Vegetable: Turnips

Size and Prep: Cut into ½-inch chunks.

To sauté: Shred or cut into thin matchsticks.

To blanch: Cut into thin rounds.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté: 6 to 8

Steam: 12 to 14

Boil: 10 to 12

Blanch: 1 to 2

Roast: 30 to 40

Vegetable: Winter Squash (Buttercup, Butternut, Kabocha, or Acorn)

Size and Prep: Cut in half. Remove and discard seeds.

Cut into 1-inch chunks or thick wedges.

The skin can be eaten unless very tough, like acorn.

To blanch: Cut into thin half-moons.

Cooking Time in Minutes

Sauté:

Steam: 14 to 16

Boil: 12 to 14

Blanch: 2 to 3

Roast: 30 to 40

Presoaking Not Required

Whole Grain: Buckwheat (Kasha)

Dry Amount: 1 cup

Water: 1½ to 2 cups

Salt: ⅛ teaspoon

Cooking Time: 15 to 20 minutes

Approximate Yield: 3 cups

Whole Grain: Cracked Wheat (Bulgur)

Dry Amount: 1 cup

Water: 1 to 1¼ cups boiling

Salt: ⅛ teaspoon

Cooking Time: 5 minutes

Approximate Yield: 2 cups

Whole Grain: Farro

Dry Amount: 1 cup

Water: 2 cups

Salt: ⅛ teaspoon

Cooking Time: 30 minutes

Approximate Yield: 2 cups

Whole Grain: Millet*

Dry Amount: 1 cup

Water: 2 to 4 cups boiling

Salt: ⅛ teaspoon

Cooking Time: 30 minutes

Approximate Yield: 3 to 5 cups

Whole Grain: Pearl Barley

Dry Amount: 1 cup

Water: 3 cups

Salt: ⅛ teaspoon

Cooking Time: 30 minutes

Approximate Yield: 3 cups

Whole Grain: Quinoa (rinse well)

Dry Amount: 1 cup

Water: 2 cups

Salt: ⅛ teaspoon

Cooking Time: 20 minutes

Approximate Yield: 3 cups

Whole Grain: Steel-cut oats

Dry Amount: 1 cup

Water: 2 cups

Salt: Pinch

Cooking Time: 30 to 45 minutes

Approximate Yield: 2 cups

Whole Grain: Steel-cut oats (overnight version)

Dry Amount: 1 cup

Water: 4 cups

Salt: Pinch

Cooking Time: Bring to a full boil, then let sit on the stove, covered, overnight. Or cool the oats and place in the refrigerator overnight. Serve cold or reheat before eating.

Approximate Yield: 4½ cups

Presoaking Recommended (4 hours to overnight)**

Whole Grain: Brown Rice***

Dry Amount: 1 cup

Water: 1½ cups

Salt: ⅛ teaspoon

Cooking Time: 50 minutes (cooking time will vary based on type of rice)

Approximate Yield: 2 to 3 cups

Whole Grain: Hulled Barley

Dry Amount: 1 cup

Water: 3 cups

Salt: ⅛ teaspoon

Cooking Time: 1 hour or more

Approximate Yield: 3 cups

Whole Grain: Wheat Berries

Dry Amount: 1 cup

Water: 3 cups

Salt: ⅛ teaspoon

Cooking Time: 1 hour or more

Approximate Yield: 3 cups

Preheat oven to 350°F. Spread raw nuts or seeds in a single layer onto a large baking sheet. Place in the oven and cook until lightly golden in color and the nutty aroma first begins to waft from the oven (see times listed below). Every oven is a bit different, so pay close attention, check them every few minutes, and avoid overcooking. Remove from the oven immediately when done and transfer to a large plate or serving tray to cool. Once cooled, store in a jar with a lid (wide mouth canning jars work nicely) or other airtight container.

Nuts or Seeds: Almonds

Cooking Time: 10–12 minutes

Nuts or Seeds: Cashews

Cooking Time: 8–10 minutes

Nuts or Seeds: Macadamia

Cooking Time: Use raw

Nuts or Seeds: Peanuts

Cooking Time: 10–12 minutes

Nuts or Seeds: Pecans

Cooking Time: 10–12 minutes

Nuts or Seeds: Pistachios

Cooking Time: 8–10 minutes

Nuts or Seeds: Pumpkin Seeds

Cooking Time: 6–8 minutes—done when they are golden and begin to puff up

Nuts or Seeds: Sesame Seeds

Cooking Time: 6–8 minutes—done when they are golden, fragrant, and begin to pop

Nuts or Seeds: Sunflower Seeds

Cooking Time: 5–7 minutes

Nuts or Seeds: Walnuts

Cooking Time: 8–10 minutes

Note: Toaster ovens cook much faster. Follow toaster oven directions or experiment with times for your toaster oven. Remember to let your nose guide you: The moment you smell the aroma, they’re done!

CONVERTING TO METRICS

Volume Measurement Conversions

Cups:

Tablespoons:

Teaspoons: 1 tsp

Milliliters: 5 ml

Cups: 1⁄16 cup

Tablespoons: 1 tbsp

Teaspoons: 3 tsp

Milliliters: 15 ml

Cups: ⅛ cup

Tablespoons: 2 tbsp

Teaspoons: 6 tsp

Milliliters: 30 ml

Cups: ¼ cup

Tablespoons: 4 tbsp

Teaspoons: 12 tsp

Milliliters: 50 ml

Cups: ⅓ cup

Tablespoons: 5 ⅓ tbsp

Teaspoons: 16 tsp

Milliliters: 75 ml

Cups: ½ cup

Tablespoons: 8 tbsp

Teaspoons: 24 tsp

Milliliters: 125 ml

Cups: ⅔ cup

Tablespoons: 10 ⅔ tbsp

Teaspoons: 32 tsp

Milliliters: 150 ml

Cups: ¾ cup

Tablespoons: 12 tbsp

Teaspoons: 36 tsp

Milliliters: 150 ml

Cups: 1 cup

Tablespoons: 16 tbsp

Teaspoons: 48 tsp

Milliliters: 250 ml

Weight Conversion Measurements

US: 1 ounce

Metric: 28.4 grams (g)

US:8 ounces

Metric:227.5 g

US:16 ounces (1 pound)

Metric:455 g

Cooking Temperature Conversions

Celsius/Centigrade: F = (C × 1.8) + 32

Fahrenheit: C = (F–32) × 0.5555

Zero degrees Celsius and 100°C are arbitrarily placed at the melting and boiling points of water, while Fahrenheit establishes 0°F as the stabilized temperature when equal amounts of ice, water, and salt are mixed. So, for example, if you are baking at 350°F and want to know that temperature in Celsius, the following calculation will provide it: C = (350–32) x 0.5555=176.66°C.