Contents
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Part I. Historical Overview: Topics and Themes
Chapter 1. The American Environment and Native-European Encounters, 1000–1875
The Physical Environment and Natural Resources
Native Americans and the Land
Pueblo Indians and the Southwest
The Pueblo Indians and Spanish Settlement of the Southwest
Micmac Indians and French Settlement in the Northeast
Plains Indians and the Westward Movement
The European Transformation of the Plains
The Ecological Indian
Conclusion
Chapter 2. The New England Wilderness Transformed, 1600–1850
The New England Forest and Indian Land Use
The Settlement of New England
Colonial Land Use
Marketing the Forest
The Forest Economy
Mind, Labor, and Nature
The Idea of Wilderness
Conclusion
Chapter 3. The Tobacco and Cotton South, 1600–1900
The Chesapeake Environment and Indian-European Relations
Tobacco Cultivation
Slavery and Southern Agriculture
Soil Exhaustion in the Tobacco South
The Cotton South
Environment and Society in the Cotton South
Cotton Production
Post–Civil War Sharecropping
The Impact of the Boll Weevil
Conclusion
Chapter 4. Nature and the Market Economy, 1750–1850
The Inland Economy and the Environment
Land Use in the Inland Economy
The Inland Economy and the Worldview of Its People
Market Farming
The Transportation and Market Revolutions
Nature and Ambivalence about the Market Economy
The Hudson River School of Painters
Artists and the Vanishing Indian
Conclusion
Chapter 5. Western Frontiers: The Settlement of California and the Plains, 1820–1930
Westward Expansion and the Settlement of California
California Native Peoples and the Advent of Europeans
The Multicultural Character of the Gold Rush
Types of Gold Mining
Environmental Effects of Hydraulic Mining
Environmental Change in the Sierras
European Settlement of the Great Plains
The Rancher’s Frontier
The Farmer’s Frontier
Narratives of Blacks and Women
The Dust Bowl of the 1930s
Conclusion
Chapter 6. Urban Environments, 1850–1960
Urbanization, Industry, and Energy
Industrial Cities and Labor
The City as Wilderness
Air Pollution
Garbage
Noise Pollution
Water Pollution
The Sanitary City
From City to Suburb
Minorities and Pollution
Conclusion
Chapter 7. Conservation and Preservation, 1785–1950
Colonial Land Policy
Federal Land Policy
Land Law in the Arid West
Lands for Railroads and Education
The Conservation Movement
Reclamation and Water Law
The Preservation Movement
Creation of the National Parks
Conclusion
Chapter 8. Indian Land Policy, 1800–1990
Indian Land Treaties
Indian Removal
The Dawes Act
Indians and the Creation of the National Parks
The Winters Decision
The Indian New Deal and Civil Rights
Indian Lands and Environmental Regulation
Conclusion
Chapter 9. The Rise of Ecology, 1890–1990
Ernst Haeckel and the Origins of Ecology
Human Ecology
The Organismic Approach to Ecology
The Economic Approach to Ecology
The Influence of Chaos Theory
Conclusion
Chapter 10. The Era of Environmentalism, 1940–2000
From Conservation to Environmentalism
New Deal Conservation
Population and the Environment
Environmental Regulation
Reactions to Environmental Regulation
Environmental Organizations
The Antitoxics Movement
The Transformation of Consciousness
Conclusion
Part II. American Environmental History A to Z: Agencies, Concepts, Laws, and People
Part III. Chronology: An Environmental History Timeline
Part IV. Resource Guide
Visual Resources
Electronic Resources
1. General Environmental History Resources
2. Environmental History Societies and Related Associations
3. Archival Materials
4. Bibliographies
5. Biographical Resources
6. Environmental Organizations and Information Centers
7. Environmental Philosophy and Ethics
8. Government Agencies
9. Natural History
10. Natural Resources
11. Regional Resources
12. Environmental Justice Resources
13. Teaching Resources
14. Course Syllabi in American Environmental History
15. General Environmental Education
16. Historical Overview Web Sites
Bibliographical Essay
Bibliography
1. What Is Environmental History?
2. Anthologies and Bibliographies
3. Biographies and Autobiographical Writings
4. African Americans and the Environment
5. American Indian Land Use
6. American Indian Religion
7. Asian Americans and the Environment
8. Environmental Philosophy and Landscape Perception
9. The Environmental Movement
10. The History of Ecology
11. The History of Environmental Science
12. Conservation History and Legislation
13. Agricultural History
14. Forest History
15. Mining History
16. Pollution
17. Range History
18. Water and Irrigation History
19. Wilderness Preservation
20. Wildlife
21. The Urban Environment
Index
