After the fall of France in June 1940, the French military was drawn in several directions. France was divided into two geographical zones – the Occupied Zone of the north and the Non-Occupied Zone in the south. This gave Germany the resource rich regions in northern France as well as large, modern ports for access to the English Channel and Atlantic. Economic sanctions were also crippling.
For the French Army, a similarly extreme condition of the armistice was imposed. Estimates of up to 1.8 million French servicemen were retained in Germany as POWs, guaranteeing that the army – which only weeks before was one of the most powerful in the entire world – was now all but completely neutralized.
Free French forces clear enemy stragglers from a town
For those who remained there were only a handful of potential outcomes. The Non-Occupied Zone would be governed and policed by the French Vichy regime, which included the Armée de l’Armistice – essentially the Vichy Army. Some 10,000 went to Germany as ‘Fremdarbeiter’, working in industry and as farm workers. Up to 30,000 were active in France in the Carlingue (auxiliaries working for the Gestapo) and in Milice Française anti-partisan units. However, for many the concept of working or fighting for a regime of collaboration was unthinkable and large numbers of ex-servicemen flocked to the various banners of the French resistance movement, and later the Maquis.
For those who were in a position to do so, there was one other option. General Charles de Gaulle was fervently recruiting soldiers for the Free French Army, initially based in Britain. By mid-August 1940 de Gaulle had recruited some 3,000 men, which would form the nucleus of the Free French Army. However, in the next few weeks another 16,000 men would join de Gaulle’s forces from French Equatorial Africa. After the success of Operation Torch in 1942, closer ties were formed with America through General Giraud, who would eventually take command of the French Army of Africa. Giraud and de Gaulle’s forces would amalgamate under one banner in August 1943.
The Anfa Plan would see the beginning of modernization of Free French forces, who were reorganized and re-equipped in line with the US Army. By the time the Free French were gearing up for their part in the Liberation of Europe, eight divisions had been formed: five infantry divisions (including one motorized) and three armoured divisions.
The following lists give details for Late-war Free French forces. Several of these units are already detailed in previously published Bolt Action army books, but if you do not own these books, then the vast majority of these units can be used from their entries in the Bolt Action main rulebook.
SPECIAL RULES
As this selection represents a Late-war Free French force, all of the special rules for French armies which are described in the Armies of France book are not to be used. Instead, use the special rules listed here.
SACRED GROUND
The Frenchmen are fighting for their own homeland against the very invaders which pushed them out in 1940. The stakes are high and the grim determination of the French fighting man is at its zenith. Any Regular or Veteran Infantry unit may be stubborn for +1pt per model.
LA RESISTANCE
By October 1944, nearly 400,000 Frenchmen and women had flocked to the banner of Free France to stand against the Axis invaders in one of the various resistance movements. Thousands of resistors were drafted into the Free French Army as it advanced. A Late-war Free French force may include a 10-man FFI squad for free if it includes two or more FFI squads of any size. The free FFI squad must pay the points for any upgrades it is equipped with.
LOCAL AREA KNOWLEDGE
As thousands of French soldiers advanced across their homeland, each town, village or farmstead would be a return home for some. If a unit’s own knowledge of each area was not enough, resistance groups would often be on hand to act as guides, delighted to see the French Army back on home soil. A Late-war Free French force does not suffer the –1 penalty for attempting to bring vehicles onto the table.
INFANTRY
HEADQUARTERS UNITS
OFFICER
See Armies of France and the Allies page 11 or Armies of the United States page 22
MEDIC
See Armies of France and the Allies page 11 or Armies of the United States page 22
FORWARD OBSERVER
See Armies of France and the Allies page 11 or Armies of the United States page 22
INTELLIGENCE OFFICER
See the rules in the Intelligence Officer section.
CHAPLAIN
See the rules in the Chaplain section.
TOP SECRET
UNIFORMS OF THE FRENCH ARMY
When France entered World War II, the standard uniform of the French fighting man consisted of the 1938 pattern uniform with 1916 pattern individual equipment and the distinctive M26 ‘Adrian’ helmet, an improved variant of the original 1915 French army helmet. As with the world’s other leading fighting forces of the time, variations on uniform were theatre and unit specific, with troops in North Africa being issued with kit far more suitable to the climate. Local units also had their own customs and traditions, such as Goumiers adopting the course, woolen ‘djellebah’ coat with each goum having its own pattern of stripes.
After the fall of France, many French soldiers who followed de Gaulle and opted to ally with Britain were issued with British battledress, often with a badge sewn on the shoulder embroidered with the word ‘FRANCE’. Following on from the Anfa Plan in 1943, the situation was confused further still with many French units adopting American uniforms and equipment, often with a French flag sewn on the shoulder or painted on the side of the helmet. With this re-equipping, the British stated that they wished for their equipment to be returned, but the agreement between France and the United States did not cater for US equipment to be issued to every French unit. Thus, by the time French troops were back on home soil in 1944, the majority were seen in American uniform but it was certainly not uncommon for some units to be equipped with original French uniforms and equipment (such as the newly created ‘Alp Army’ or militarized FFI units) or legacy British kit – used typically by the 1st Free French Division. Some contemporary photos show mixtures of different items of uniform from different nations, old stocks of French World War I items such as 1915 pattern helmets or, in the case of FFI troops, homemade items.
Across several theatres during the war, Frenchman would stand opposite fellow Frenchman as ideological differences clashed. In one case this led to the now famous alleged exchange between General Leclerc and a French soldier who had sided with the Axis. In May 1945, the General was presented with a number of captured members of the SS Charlemagne Division: a Waffen-SS unit which recruited French collaborators. When Leclerc asked the Frenchman why he wore a German uniform, the collaborator replied by asking the General why he wore an American uniform. The Charlemagne prisoners were later executed.
INFANTRY SQUADS AND TEAMS
With the changing fortunes of France’s war, the forces of the Free French were a fluid organization to put it mildly. After the fall of France in 1940, the first Free French soldiers were assembled from veterans of the Battle of France, legionnaires from Norway, Frenchmen who had settled in Britain before the war and sailors from the French Navy who were reorganized into land units. The numbers of troops available to de Gaulle increased exponentially with the arrival of soldiers from French colonies in Africa.
By the summer of 1944 the Free French were able to field five infantry divisions: the 1st DMI (Div. Motorisée d’Infanterie); the 2nd DIM (Div. d’Infanterie Marocaine); the 3rd DIA (Div. d’Infanterie Algérienne); the 4th DMM (Div. Marocaine de Montagne); and the 9th DIC (Div. d’Infanterie Coloniale). These five divisions all fought through Italy, France and Germany with great distinction.
LATE-WAR REGULAR INFANTRY SQUAD
After the 1943 reorganization programme, Free French Infantry divisions were, for the most part, organized to replicate their US Army counterparts. With the exception of the 4th DMM they enjoyed the comparative luxury of being completely motorized. Rifle companies and their support at company and battalion level were again organized and equipped in accordance with US Army guidelines, but very often there were not enough of the new American weapons and equipment to completely re-equip units and as such, the white units of Metropolitan France were given priority. Units raised in Africa, including those made up of white ‘pied-noir’ soldiers descended from mainland France often had to make do with older French weapons and equipment, or British weapons left over from the earliest days of the Free French forces.
| Cost | 60pts (Regular) |
| Composition | 1 NCO and 5 men |
| Weapons | Rifles |
| Options | - Add up to 6 additional men with rifles for +10pts each - The NCO can have a submachine gun instead of a rifle at a cost of +3pts - Up to 1 man can have a BAR automatic rifle instead of a rifle for +5pts, or a light machine gun for +20pts – if the light machine gun option is taken, another man becomes the loader - The squad can be given anti-tank grenades for +2pts per man |
| Special Rules | - Tank hunters (if anti-tank grenades taken) |
LATE-WAR INEXPERIENCED INFANTRY SQUAD
Whilst French units were taking an active part in the North African and Mediterranean theatres throughout the mid-war period, an active recruitment drive for fresh manpower was still ongoing. French units deploying to Europe in 1944 still had within their ranks a significant number of new troops, yet to see battle. These units were equipped in exactly the same way as their more experienced counterparts; the latest and best equipment was allocated based on ethnic background rather than experience or role requirement. This way, inexperienced white soldiers often found themselves better armed and equipped than their battle hardened African counterparts.
| Cost | 42pts (Inexperienced) |
| Composition | 1 NCO and 5 men |
| Weapons | Rifles |
| Options | - Add up to 6 additional men with rifles for +7pts each - The NCO can have a submachine gun instead of a rifle at a cost of +3pts - Up to 1 man can have a BAR automatic rifle instead of a rifle for +5pts, or a light machine gun for +20pts – if the light machine gun option is taken, another man becomes the loader - The squad can be given anti-tank grenades for +2pts per man |
| Special Rules | - Tank hunters (if anti-tank grenades taken) |
FFI SQUAD
Resistance against German invaders in France had existed from the very first days of the occupation. The number of armed resistors grew markedly in response to the Service du Travail Obligatoire, which forced French men to leave their homes for work in Germany or occupied territories; this was one factor which led to the formation of armed bands of rural guerrillas – the Maquis. By summer 1944 there were an estimated 100,000 armed guerrillas in what was now termed the Forces Francais de l’Interieur. By October there were nearly 400,000. Men and women of the FFI fought alongside Allied units during the liberation of France before then being incorporated into the regular Free French Army. The transition was slow and troop quality varied greatly; even those experienced in guerrilla tactics had a steep learning curve to the new skills as infantrymen on a conventional battlefield. Equipment and even uniforms also varied greatly, with some early FFI units being identified only by armbands; some later units could only be spared French uniforms from before the German occupation and had to retain whatever weapons they had looted or obtained from Allied air drops.
| Cost | 35pts (Inexperienced) |
| Composition | 1 NCO and 4 men |
| Weapons | Rifles |
| Options | - Add up to 5 additional men with rifles for +7pts each - The NCO and up to 2 men can have submachine guns instead of rifles at a cost of +3pts per man - One soldier may have a light machine gun for +20pts – another soldier becomes the loader |
| Special Rules | - FFI units are Green. |
Selectors
The FFI unit may be added as an additional Infantry squad/section option to the Normandy and Operation Cobra force selectors in the Armies of the United States book and the Normandy force selector in Armies of Great Britain.
LATE-WAR MOROCCAN GOUMIER
Moroccan Goumier were auxiliary troops attached to the French Army, initially as scouts and irregulars but shortly before World War I they became a permanent addition. The Goumiers served in Morocco during World War I and in various inter-war conflicts and policing actions. It was during World War II, however, that these tough mountain men would gain their notoriety. Almost legendary for their skill and prowess as night raiders, the Goumiers were greatly feared by their German and Italian adversaries; even more so following allegations of mass atrocities (and subsequent convictions carried out by French authorities) committed after the Battle of Monte Cassino, leading to the birth of the Italian term ‘marocchinate’ – those given the Moroccan treatment. They took part in actions in North Africa, Italy, Corsica, France and Germany.
| Cost | 84pts (Veteran) |
| Composition | 1 NCO and 5 men |
| Weapons | Rifles |
| Options | - Add up to 6 additional men with rifles for +14pts each - The NCO and up to 2 men can have submachine guns instead of rifles at a cost of +3pts per man - One soldier may have a light machine gun for +20pts – another soldier becomes the loader - The squad can be given anti-tank grenades for +2pts per man - The squad may be mountain troops for +1pt per man |
| Special Rules | - Tough fighters - Mountain troops (if taken) - Tank hunters (if anti-tank grenades taken) |
LATE-WAR TIRAILLEURS SQUAD
Since the mid-nineteenth century the French army had been utilizing units raised from soldiers recruited in African colonies. The term ‘tirailleur’ became synonymous with them, and regiments were recruited from Senegal, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Madagascar and French West Africa. With such a huge recruiting pool the quality of soldier also varied greatly, although the determination to face fascist opposition was very positive in response to Hitler’s overt policies against and opinions regarding the peoples of North Africa, particularly after the treatment of black POWs following the Battle of France.
| Cost | 42pts (Inexperienced), 60pts (Regular), 78pts (Veteran) |
| Composition | 1 NCO and 5 men |
| Weapons | Rifles |
| Options | - Add up to 6 additional men with rifles for +7pts (Inexperienced), +10pts (Regular) or +13pts (Veteran) each - The NCO can have a submachine gun instead of a rifle at a cost of +3 pts - One soldier may have a light machine gun for +20pts – another soldier becomes the loader - A Regular or Veteran squad may be tough fighters for +1pt per man - A Regular or Veteran squad may be mountain troops for +1pt per man |
| Special Rules | - Tough fighters (if taken) - Mountain troops (if taken) |
French Tirailleurs Squad
BRIGADE DE CHOC SECTION
From the earliest days of the Free French forces establishment in Britain, the most elite French troops trained and fought alongside their British counterparts in the Commandos and Airborne Divisions. Units of the Régiments de Chasseurs Parachutistes (RCP) and French Commandos had fought across several theatres and established a fearsome reputation by the time of the liberation of France. In November 1944 the Brigade de choc amalgamated several of these elite units for the push towards Germany. The rules below may be used for any Late-war Free French Commandos, Airborne, Brigade de choc or Foreign Legion units.
| Cost | 70pts (Veteran) |
| Composition | 1 NCO and 4 men |
| Weapons | Rifles |
| Options | - Add up to 7 additional men with rifles for or +14pts each - The NCO and up to 4 other soldiers can have a submachine gun instead of a rifle at a cost of +3pts each - Up to 1 man can have a BAR automatic rifle instead of a rifle for +5pts, or a light machine gun for +20pts – if the light machine gun option is taken, another man becomes the loader - The squad can be given anti-tank grenades for +2pts per man |
| Special Rules | - Tank hunters (if anti-tank grenades taken) - Stubborn: If forced to check their morale when reduced to half strength, they always test on their full morale value, and ignore any pin markers. |
D’ECLAIREURS SKIEURS SECTION
The French Army’s SES (Section d’Eclaireurs Skieurs, or ‘ski-scouts’) were an elite unit which specialized in deep reconnaissance missions in mountain or snow covered environments. They formed part of Chasseur Alpins units and were made up of volunteers. Their missions included scouting enemy positions, carrying out raids and capturing prisoners from enemy units.
| Cost | 84pts (Veteran) |
| Composition | 1 NCO and 5 men |
| Weapons | Rifles |
| Options | - Add up to 6 additional men with rifles for or +14pts each - The NCO and up to 3 other soldiers can have a submachine gun instead of a rifle at a cost of +3pts each - Up to 1 man can have a BAR automatic rifle instead of a rifle for +5pts, or a light machine gun for +20pts – if the light machine gun option is taken, another man becomes the loader - The squad can be given anti-tank grenades for +2pts per man |
| Special Rules | - Tank hunters (if anti-tank grenades taken) - Mountain troops - Ski troops: Ignore movement penalties for snow and other winter conditions. |
FREE FRENCH SAS INFANTRY SECTION
The British Special Air Service first saw action in North Africa in 1941 as one of modern warfare’s first special forces units. In January 1942 the SAS’s first Free French squadron was formed, made up of elite volunteers from de Gaulle’s Free French forces. By the summer of 1944, two entire regiments of the Free French SAS were in operation, and served with distinction during the campaigns in Normandy, France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany itself.
| Cost | 72pts (Veteran) |
| Composition | 1 NCO and 3 men |
| Weapons | Rifles and pistols |
| Options | - Add up to 4 additional men with pistol and rifle for +18pts each - Any man can replace his rifle with a submachine gun for +2pts - Up to 2 men may have a light machine gun for +20pts – for each LMG, another man becomes the loader - Light machine guns can be upgraded to Vickers K LMGs for a further +5 points each - The squad can be given anti-tank grenades for +2pts per man |
| Special Rules | - 'Qui ose gagne!': To represent their special training and motivation, units of Free French SAS have the fanatics special rule. - Behind enemy lines: When outflanking as described on page 132 of the Bolt Action 2nd Edition rulebook, units of Free French SAS ignore the –1 modifier to the order test for coming onto the table. - Tank hunters (if anti-tank grenades taken). - Vickers K gun: A Vickers K gun shoots with +1 dice compared to a regular LMG. |
PRÉVOT MILITAIRE SQUAD
During World War II, the French military did not make use of a military police force as such. Instead, it utilized the Gendarmerie – a branch of the French armed forces in itself, which was charged with executing law enforcement duties amongst the civilian population, mostly in rural areas. The Gendarmerie had existed in one form or another in France since medieval times, and had a long connection with the front line fighting arms: by the beginning of World War II the Gendarmerie already had four battle honours on its flag.
Small units of Gendarmes who acted in the military police role within the Free French Forces were known as Prévot Militaire. A small team, typically of one NCO and three soldiers was attached to each French battalion, with another small units at divisional level. Their duties were centred around the enforcement of law and order; traffic control was carried out by the Unités de Régulation Routiére.
| Cost | 20pts (Inexperienced) |
| Composition | 1 NCO and 3 men |
| Weapons | Rifles and pistols |
| Options | - Any member of the squad can be given a rifle for +3pts per man, or a submachine gun for +6pts per man |
| Special Rules | - 'Get back in the fight!': If any French unit fails an attempt to rally it can immediately roll a second attempt if within 6" of a Prévot Militaire squad. |
Selectors
If a French army includes Inexperienced or Regular Infantry as an option, one of these sections can be replaced with a Prévot Militaire Squad from the entry above.
FRENCH INTELLIGENCE SQUAD
Intelligence within French infantry divisions was again handled at various levels. NCOs would be responsible for intelligence dissemination at company and battalion level, whilst an officer and a small staff were appointed at regimental level.
| Cost | 45pts (Inexperienced), 63pts (Regular), 81pts (Veteran) |
| Composition | 1 intelligence officer and 3 men |
| Weapons | Officer as depicted on the model, men have rifles |
| Options | - Add up to 3 additional men with rifles at +8pts (Inexperienced), 11pts (Regular), or 14pts (Veteran) each - Up to 2 men can replace their rifles with submachine guns for +3pts - If the squad is a Brigade de Choc Intelligence Section (an Intelligence section of the elite Free French fighting force, see Brigade de Choc entry), it must be Veteran and pay +1pt per model to become stubborn. The force must include a Brigade de Choc section to upgrade its Intelligence section in this manner. |
| Special Rules | - Intelligence: As detailed in the Intelligence Officer section. - Behind enemy lines: When outflanking as described on page 132 of the Bolt Action 2nd Edition rulebook, Intelligence squads ignore the –1 modifier to the order test for coming onto the table. - Stubborn (if taken) |
Selectors
See the Intelligence Officer section on for details of which forces may use an Intelligence Officer.
MEDIUM MACHINE GUN TEAM
Each company of the new infantry division structure contained a machine gun platoon equipped with three M1919 Browning machine guns. Two platoons of four M1917 Brownings were also present within the battalion’s support company. Whilst this was – on paper – a significant increase over the number of guns available at company level for most armies, in practice French forces were not as well equipped as their US counterparts. For this reason, a Free French force has 2 MMGs available per selection rather than the 3 available to American forces.
| Cost | 35pts (Inexperienced), 50pts (Regular), 65pts (Veteran) |
| Team | 3 men |
| Weapons | 1 medium machine gun |
| Special Rules | - Team weapon - - Fixed Extra selection – you may take up to 2 medium machine guns as 1 selection in each reinforced platoon |
BAZOOKA TEAM
See Armies of the United States page 28
SNIPER TEAM
Whilst the French military had a long history of employing sharpshooters with great effect, the pre-war period did not see the same focus and doctrinal advances with regards to sniping as employing by some other nations. Depending on weapon availability, a scope-fitted rifle would be issued to the best shot in a squad or platoon. The marksman would then often fight alongside his unit but could also detach to carry out a role more akin to that of a sniper.
| Cost | 37pts (Inexperienced), 52pts (Regular), 67pts (Veteran) |
| Team | 2 men |
| Weapons | Both the sniper and assistant have rifles |
| Special Rules | - Team weapon |
FLAMETHROWER TEAM
See Armies of the United States page 28
LIGHT MORTAR TEAM
See Armies of the United States page 28
MEDIUM MORTAR TEAM
See Armies of the United States page 29
Resistance Squad
TOP SECRET
FRENCH COLONIAL SOLDIERS IN EUROPE
France, like several other European nations, had a long history of employing Colonial troops within its armies. Tirailleurs had been recruited from African nations since the nineteenth century and had served with distinction in front line units during several conflicts. Goumiers were originally tribesmen recruited as allies to French forces in North Africa, and likewise had a history of fighting alongside French forces although World War II would be the first time units of this type would fight in mainland Europe.
French colonial soldiers again showed their mettle in the opening rounds of the war, fighting in key actions during the Battle of France in 1940. Their perceived racial inferiority, which was well publicized in Nazi doctrine, led to several instances of black POWs being separated from white French POWs and then executed. By the fall of France in June 1940, some 17,000 Colonial troops had been killed. Colonial troops fought both for and against the Vichy regime in North Africa, and were also utilized by the thousands during the campaigns of Italy, Corsica and Southern France. However, the military success of these units was tarnished by mass reports of war crimes committed by Goumiers during the Italian campaign, resulting in numerous Goumiers being tried and executed by French authorities.
With the rearmament of Free French forces being predominantly in the hands of the US military, racial tensions again came to the fore – particularly with the rearmament of the French 2nd Armoured Division under General Phillippe Leclerc – as the initial French plan was to crew new lend-lease US armoured vehicles with colonial troops; a plan which ran contrary to the US policy of confining black soldiers to supporting roles. Colonial soldiers made up the majority of the forces of Free France who advanced up from the south of the country, through the Vosges mountains and into the Colmar Pocket. Unfortunately, despite their pivotal contribution to France’s remilitarization and part in the final Allied victory, they would never achieve anything even close to parity in treatment from their superiors when compared to white soldiers.
De Gaulle insisted on French soldiers leading the liberation of Paris – this was only agreed to after he agreed to a recommendation from Allied command that it was ‘more desirable’ that French units be composed of white troops, despite Free French forces being made up of some 65% black soldiers. In the closing rounds of the war, more and more FFI fighters were drafted into the ranks of the Free French Army and colonial troops were gradually phased out. In addition to the pressures of the ‘blanching’ policy, this was also a political move to appease the communist-heavy resistance fighters who possessed enough strength to phase a coup if their own views were not represented.
Post war, pensions for French servicemen were paid at rates based on the conditions in their country of birth leading to colonial troops receiving only a fraction of their white French counterparts. Pensions for colonial troops were then frozen in 1959. Many of these issues were brought to light by the French 2005 movie Indigènes (Days of Glory in its British release) which was a huge step in raising awareness of the contribution made, and treatment of, French colonial soldiers during World War II.
Free French troops, 1944: (L–R) Commando de France, Brigade de Choc; SAS French paratrooper; Fusilier marin-commando, by Mike Chappell © Osprey Publishing. Taken from Men-at-Arms 318: The French Army 1939–45 (2).
ARTILLERY
FIELD ARTILLERY
The French army had a long history of effective use of artillery, and a good deal of expertise within its ranks. However, following on from the Battle of France, most of the French army’s stock of surviving artillery was now in Axis hands. Some French artillery guns survived in colonial units and were used to equip Free French units following the 1943 reorganization but the majority were supplied by the United States.
LIGHT, MEDIUM AND HEAVY ARTILLERY
See Armies of the United States page 32
ANTI-AIRCRAFT GUNS
40MM BOFORS
See 37mm M1A2 Medium Anti-Aircraft gun in Armies of the United States page 33
ANTI-TANK GUNS
57MM ANTI-TANK GUN M1
See Armies of the United States page 33
VEHICLES
With the vast majority of the French army’s vehicles being lost to the Germans in 1940 – and in some cases now used by their enemies – de Gaulle’s Free French forces now relied almost entirely on lend-lease vehicles being supplied by the United States.
TANKS
M3A3 STUART LIGHT TANK
See Armies of the United States Tanks page 36
M5/M5A1 STUART LIGHT TANK
See Armies of the United States Tanks page 36
M4A1/A2/A3/A4 SHERMAN 75MM
See Armies of the United States Tanks page 39
M4A1/A2/A3 SHERMAN 76MM
See Armies of the United States Tanks page 40
US M3 White Scout Car
TANK DESTROYERS
M10 TANK DESTROYER
See Armies of the United States page 42
SELF-PROPELLED ARTILLERY
M8 SCOTT
See Armies of the United States page 44
M7 PRIEST
See Armies of the United States page 44
ARMOURED CARS
M8 GREYHOUND
See Armies of the United States page 47
FREE FRENCH SAS JEEP
See Armies of Great Britain page 56
TRANSPORTS AND TOWS
M3 WHITE SCOUT CAR
See Armies of the United States Transports and Tows page 48
JEEP
See Armies of the United States Transports and Tows page 50
DODGE ¾ TRUCK
See Armies of the United States Transports and Tows page 50
1½ TON TRUCK
See Armies of the United States Transports and Tows page 51
2½ TON TRUCK
See Armies of the United States Transports and Tows page 51
M4/M5 ARTILLERY TRACTOR
See Armies of the United States Transports and Tows page 51
M5 HALF-TRACK
See M3 half-track in Armies of the United States page 50 or Armies of Great Britain page 60
MULE TEAM
Throughout the ages, mules have proved to be a reliable method of transport. In World War II mules continued to serve all armies in this role, assisting in moving equipment, munitions and wounded soldiers through mountain and jungle terrain. They are treated as a towing vehicle, except that they move as Infantry.
| Cost | 4pts (Inexperienced), 5pts (Regular), 6pts (Veteran) |
| Weapons | None |
| Damage Value | 3+ (literally soft-skinned) |
| Tow | Any light gun or light howitzer |
| Special Rules | - Stubborn as a mule: When taking an order test and doubles are rolled, the mules become stubborn and refuse to cooperate even if the order test was passed. Place the order dice to Down and add 1 pin marker to the team. This rule does not apply if FUBAR is rolled. - Gun assembly: To simulate the fact that the gun was actually transported disassembled, when the gun is unlimbered the artillery unit suffers 1 pin. When the gun is limbered, the mule team (and consequently the 'transported' artillery unit) suffers 1 pin. |
Sherman tanks prepare to roll out
