Chapter 1
1 Gowing, A Voice from the Ranks, pp. 28–9 and 42. Taylor, 27 Oct. 1854, Letters from the Crimea, p. 51.
2 Cathcart, Harris, The Gallant Six Hundred, p. 138. Gowing, p. 43. Taylor, 22 and 27 Oct., Taylor, p. 51.
3 Clifford, 24 Oct. 1854, Henry Clifford VC: His Letters and Sketches from the Crimea, pp.68–9. Taylor p. 51, Gowing, p. 28.
4 Townsend Wilson, Spilsbury, The Thin Red Line, pp. 132 and 130. Duberly, Mrs Duberly’s War, p. 91. Russell, The Crimean War, pp. 101–2.
5 Russell on Raglan, and Clifford, Harris, pp. 142–3. Image, 16 and 17 Oct. 1854, The Crimean Journal of John George Image.
6 Hume, Reminiscences of the Crimean Campaign, pp. 49, 50 and 51. Russell, pp. 101–2. Gowing, p. 29. Sniper, Calthorpe, Cadogan’s Crimea.
7 Dunkellin survived because he was titled and his father had been ambassador to Tsar Nicholas. The History of the Present War with Russia, p. 299. (Henceforth HOPWWR.)
8 Wilson, Spilsbury, p. 127.
9 Average trooper, Dutton, Forgotten Heroes. The Charge of the Heavy Brigade, p. 356. Mitchell, Recollections of One of the Light Brigade, p.18.
10 Maguire and truce, HOPWWR, p. 301. Townsend Wilson, Spilsbury, p. 133.
11 Temple Godman, 6 and 22 Oct. 1854, Letters Home from the Crimea, pp. 62 and 72–3. Watchfires, Scots Greys Officer letter, 21 Oct. 1854, Dawson, Letters from the Light Brigade, Russell, p. 102. Duberley, 25 Oct. 1854, p. 92.
12 Kubitovich, ‘Recollections of the Balaklava Affair of 13 October, 1854’, p. 153. Hodasevich, A Voice from within the Walls of Sebastopol, pp. 20 and 25.
13 Kozhukhov, ‘Crimean Memoirs of the Last War’, Russkii Vestnik, 1869, Vol. 7.
14 Arbuzov, ‘Reminisences of the Campaign in the Crimean Peninsula in 1854 and 1855, Voennyi Sbornik, 1874, Vol. 96, No. 4.
15 Kubitovich and Khitrov, Kubitovich, p. 153.
16 Kozhukhov. Hodasevich, p. 20. Abuzov.
Chapter 2
1 RA Captain, Dawson, p. 72. Farquharson, Brighton, Hell Riders, pp. 73–4. Temple Godman, letter to father 6 Oct. 1854, Letters Home from the Crimea, p. 64. Mitchell, p. 47.
2 Mitchell, p. 47, Paget, Journal, 12 Oct. 1854. Stocks, Dutton, Heavy Brigade, p. 78. Wombwell, Brighton, p. 73. Wykeham Martin, ed. Fisher Crimean Cavalry Letters, p. 13. Highland soldier, Dawson, Letters, p. 69.
3 Vahey, Dutton, Forgotten Heroes: The Charge of the Light Brigade, p. 337.
4 Temple Godman, p. 39. Mitchell, p. 19. Calthorpe, Cadogan’s Crimea, p. 9.
5 Lewis, letter 4 Aug. 1853, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 253.
6 Mitchell, p. 34.
7 Wightman, Nineteenth Century Magazine, May 1892. pp. 850–1.
8 Hodge, letters 8 Aug. and 22 Oct. 1854, Little Hodge, p. 22 and 39. Henderson, Buttery, Messenger of Death, p. 31. Franks, Messenger of Death, p. 35.
9 Cartoon, Brighton, Hell Riders, pp.3–4.
10 Nolan, Journal, 23 Sep. 1854, Expedition to the Crimea, p. 65. Portal, Brighton, p. 56. Joke, Harris, The Gallant Six Hundred, p. 125.
11 ‘Showy’ uniforms, HOPWWR, 1854, p. 306. Times reports 1840 and 22 Apr. 1854, Woodham-Smith, The Reason Why, pp. 62 and 137–8. Nolan, Buttery, p. 51. Heath, ed. V. Bonham-Carter, Surgeon in the Crimea, p. 87. Hunter, letter 27 Oct. 1854, Dutton, Heavy Brigade, p. 119.
12 Wykham Martin, letter 26 Jul 1854, ed. G. Fisher, Crimean Cavalry Letters, pp. 36 and 109. Yorke, Dutton, Heavy Brigade, p. 28.
13 Scot Hunter, Dawson, 22 Aug. 1854, p. 23. Sickness nos, Dawson, p. 13. Russell, ed. Lambert and Badsey, The War Correspondents. The Crimean War, pp. 90, 86, Varna 11 Aug., pp.31–2. Clifford, 27 Jul. 1854, p. 42.
14 Duberly, 4 Oct. 1854 p. 78, 25 Jun. p. 27, 11 Jul. pp. 33–4. Forest and Paget, Woodham-Smith, pp. 152 and 180.
15 Mitchell, p. 48. Sterling, The Highland Brigade in the Crimea, p. 48.
16 Calthorpe (Raglan’s staff officer, nephew and ADC), Cardigan’s Crimea, p. 51. Maude, Harris, p. 31.
17 Forrest, Woodham-Smith, p. 152.
18 Wolseley, Harris, p. 25. Staff College nos, Woodham-Smith, p. 170.
19 ‘Isle of Wight’, Woodham-Smith, p. 159. Patullo and Adye, Harris, pp. 124 and 76.
20 Intelligence reports, Brighton, pp. 68 and 74–6.
21 Russell, Brighton, p. 77.
22 Mitchell, p. 46. Asst Surgeon, Dawson, letter 4 Oct. 1854, p. 62. Russell, report Sep. 1854, p. 76. Duberly, pp. 73–4. Eyewitness, UK writer Illustrated London News 10 Feb. 1855. B. Cooke, The Grand Central Railway, p. 35.
23 Temple Godman, letter to father, 12 Oct. 1854, p. 66. Clifford, p. 58. Sturtevant, letter 2 Nov. 1854, Dawson, p. 99.
24 Duberly, 10 Oct. 1854, p. 82. Lawson, Surgeon in the Crimea, p. 87.
25 Sterling, letter 22 Oct. 1854, pp. vi and 57.
Chapter 3
1 Hodasevich, pp. 101, 126, 148, 151, 156–7, 160 and 165.
2 Tolstoy, The Sebastopol Sketches, pp. 54–6. Hodasevich, p. 162.
3 Hodasevich, p. 155. Pavliuk, Thomas and Scollins, The Russian Army of the Crimean War 1854–56, p. 33.
4 Hodasevich, pp. 149–50 and 134–5. Tolstoy, pp. 47–8.
5 Hodasevich, pp. 134–5 and 164–5.
6 Kubitovich.
7 Officer, B.M. Kalinin, Material for the History of the Don Artillery, pp. 136–52.
8 Kozhukhov, pp. 381–4.
9 Yorke, letter 22 Oct. 1854, Dawson, p. 70. Farquharson and Smith, Brighton, p. 82.
10 Paget, The Light Cavalry Brigade in the Crimea, pp. 161–2.
Chapter 4
1 Blunt, Mawson, The True Heroes of Balaclava, p. 16.
2 Maude, P. Warner, The Crimean War: A Reappraisal, p. 87.
3 Wyekham Martin, letter 2 Aug. 1854, ed. Fisher, Crimean Cavalry Letters, p. 37. Clifford, letter 30 May 1854, p. 37.
4 Morley, 25 Jun. 1854, Dawson, pp.15–16. Senior, 29 Jun. 1854, Dawson, pp. 17 and 19. Mitchell, pp. 50–1. Wykeham Martin, 2 Aug. 1854, Fisher, p. 38.
5 Kubitovich. Arbuzov.
6 Turkish soldier, Blunt account, Mawson, p. 16.
7 Maude, Baring Pemberton, Battles of the Crimean War, p. 81. Temple Godman, letter 26 Oct. 1854, Warner, p. 73.
8 Sterling, letter 22 Oct. 54, p. 60. Campbell, Harris, p. 157. Paget, Buttery, p. 166 and Brighton p. 87.
9 Gough, Barthorp, Heroes of the Crimea, p. 41. Temple Godman, Letter 26 Oct. 1854, Warner, p. 73. Yorke, letter 5 Dec. 1854, Dawson p. 111. Gough, letter 27 Oct., Dawson, p. 89. Cruse, Dutton, Heavy Brigade, pp. 40–1.
10 Mitchell, pp. 52–3. Lucan, Selby, The Thin Red Line, p. 114.
11 Arbuzov. Kubitovich. Liprandi, Seaton, The Crimean War, p. 143. Hodasevich, p. 50. Krüdener, Fletcher and Ishchenko, The Crimean War, p. 165.
12 Temple Godman, letter 26 Oct. 1854, Warner, p. 73. Scots Greys Sergeant, anon letter 4 Nov. 1854, Dawson, p. 103. Mitchell, p. 53. Kubitovich, pp. 129–30. Azov casualties, Fletcher and Ishchenko, p. 166.
13 Gowing, pp.29–30. Russell, 25 Oct. 1854, p. 106. Hume, pp. 56–7. Image, 24–25 Oct. 1854, p. 20.
14 Russell, p. 107.
15 Ibid.
16 Howell, Dutton, Heavy Brigade, p. 52. Morley, letter 25 Jun. 1854, Dawson p. 16. Mitchell, p. 53. Scott Hunter, letter 27 Oct. 1854, Dawson, p. 85. Forster letter, 2 Nov. 1854, Dawson, p. 96.
17 Calthorpe, Cadogan’s Crimea, pp.70–1. Russell, p. 109.
18 Ryhzov, Notes on the Battle of Balaclava, Russkii Vestnik, Apr. 1870, Vol. 86, p. 464. Kalinin, pp. 136–52. Liprandi, Report to Prince Menshikov’s ADC, 26 Oct. 1854. Arbuzov.
19 Mitchell, pp. 53–4. Blunt, Mawson, p. 16. Smith, Brighton, p. 85. Howell, Dutton, Heavy Brigade, p. 52.
20 Duberly, pp. 92–3.
21 Himalaya Officer, HOPWWR, p. 322. Sterling, p. 61.
22 Munro, Spilsbury, p. 145. Fisher-Rowe, letter 31 Oct. 1854, Fisher, p. 130.
23 Vahey and Fox, Dutton, Light Brigade, pp. 337 and 36.
24 Russell, pp.109–10.
Chapter 5
1 Ryzhov, Notes on the Battle of Balaclava, Russkii Vestnik, Apr. 1870, Vol. 86.
2 Hodasevich, p. 128.
3 Russell, p. 110. Munro, Spilsbury, pp. 145–6. Sterling, p. 62. Duberly, p. 93. Howell and Forrest, Dutton, Heavy Brigade, p. 52 and 180. Godman, Warner, p. 75.
4 Cameron and Joiner, Dawson, p. 76. Munro, Spilsbury, pp. 146–7.1st Dragoons Private, Spilsbury, 12 Dec. 1854, p. 113. 1st Royals, 26 Oct. 1854, p. 81. Higginson and Stotherd, Baring Pemberton, p. 87
5 Russian Hussar, Spilsbury, p. 147.
6 Gough, letter 27 Oct. 1854, Dawson, p. 89. Selkrig, Dawson., 22 Dec. 1854, p. 115.
7 Clarke, Dutton, Heavy Brigade, p. 102. Smith, Brighton, p. 3. Handley, Dutton, Heavy Brigade, p. 115. Inniskilling private, letter 19 Nov. 1854, Dawson p. 106. Neville, Dutton, Heavy Brigade, p. 270. Hodge, diary entry 10 Jun. 1855, p. 112.
8 Khitrivo and Veselovskii, ‘The Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar’s Hussar Regiment in the Crimean War’. Arbuzov. Kozhukhov.
9 Russell, p. 110. Paget.
10 Mitchell, p. 55. Gowing, p. 30.
11 McGrigor, letter 2 Nov. 1854, Dawson, p. 98. Godman, Warner, 26 Oct. 1854, p. 75.
12 Inniskilling captain, letter 2 Nov. 1854, Dawson, p. 99. Kneath, letter 3 Nov. 1854, Dawson, p. 143.
13 De Brack, Aidkin, The Waterloo Companion, p. 224. Elliot witness, New York Times Account 21 May 1882, Dutton, Heavy Brigade, p. 21.
14 Inniskilling officer, letter 2 Nov. 1854, Dawson, p. 100. Scots Grey officer, 27 Oct. 1854, Dawson, p. 87. Scott Hunter, 27 Oct. 1854, Dawson, p. 85. Moodie, 27 Oct. 1854, Dawson, p. 86. McGrigor, 2 Nov. 1854, Dawson, p. 98.
15 Gibson, letter 9 Dec. 1854, Dawson, p. 112. Paget.
16 Ryzhov. Arbuzov.
17 Russian officer casualties were 43 per cent according to the Moscow main staff monthly report of Oct. 1854. Details of Russian casualties, Arbuzov; Genishta and Borisevich.
18 5th DG officer, ‘WI’, letter 27 Oct. 1854, Dawson, p. 91. Franks, Brighton, p. 94. Inniskilling trooper, letter 19 Nov., Dawson p. 105. Gowing, pp.30–1.
19 Gough, letter 27 Oct., Dawson, p. 90. Taylor witness, Dutton, Heavy Brigade, p. 282. Abbot, Dutton, Heavy Brigade, p. 270.
20 Paget, The Light Cavalry Brigade, Ibid. Forrest, Massie, The National Army Museum Book of the Crimean War, p. 82. Dacres and Hodge, Hodge, pp. 47 and 44.
21 Stephenson, letter 3 Jan. 1855, Dawson, p. 120. Griffiths, Hodge, p. 49. Auchinloss, letter 27 Dec. 1854, Dawson, p. 118. Ryan witness, Dutton, Heavy Brigade, p. 213.
22 Howell, Dutton, Heavy Brigade, p. 52. 1st Dragoons Trooper, ‘WP’ letter 22 Nov. 1854, Dawson, p. 107.
23 Forster, letter 2 Nov., Dawson, p. 97. Paget, The Light Brigade Ibid. Gowing, p. 32.
Chapter 6
1 SG Officer, letter 27 Oct. 1854, Dawson, p. 87. Russell, p. 111.
2 Cardigan, Barthorp, p. 49. Mitchell, p. 55. According to Lt Col Calthorpe, Cadogan’s Crimea, ‘the men clamoured to be allowed to attack the enemy’, p. 74. Wightman, ‘One of the Six Hundred on Charge’, Nineteenth Century Magazine, May 1892, p. 851.
3 Paget, p. 177. 1st Royals NCO, letter 26 Oct., Dawson, p. 81. Mitchell, p. 55.
4 Temple Godman, p. 76. Duberly, p. 94. Moodie, letter 27 Oct. 1854, Dawson p. 97. Inniskillings officer, letter 2 Nov. 1854, Dawson, p. 87. Elliot, Dutton, Heavy Brigade, p. 24.
5 Bell, Massie, p. 83. Duberly, p. 94.
6 Hardinge, Dutton, Heavy Brigade, p. 11.
7 Vahey, Dutton, Heavy Brigade, p. 57 and Dutton, Light Brigade pp. 337–8.
8 Cathcart, Selby, p. 167.
9 Nolan, Journal, Expedition to the Crimea. Buttery, Messenger of Death, p. 38 and 64. Nolan conversation, Wightman, p. 852. Mitchell, p. 55.
10 Blunt, Brighton, Hell Riders, p. 106.
11 Russell, ‘Notes from the Camp’, Times newspaper, 2 Mar. 1855.
12 Shakespear, Dawson, 31 Mar. 1855, p. 154.
13 Cigar incident, Brighton, pp.101–2.
14 Shakespear, Dawson, p. 154. Mitchell, p. 55.
15 Verbal exchanges orders, Brighton, p. 108. Williams, 7 Jan. 1855, Dawson, p. 153.
16 Wightman, p. 852. Seager, Brighton, p. 102, Richardson and Smith, Brighton, p. 110.
17 Woodham, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 205.
18 Kubitovich. Ryzhov.
19 Farquharson, Pennington, Hutton and Richardson, Brighton, p. 111. Williams, 7 Jan. 1855, Dawson, p. 153.
20 Wightman, p. 852.
Chapter 7
1 Russell, before Sevastopol, 25 Oct. 1854, p. 114. Gowing, p. 34. Duberly, p. 94.
2 Conner, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 23.
3 Russell, p. 114. Gowing, p. 34. Raglan, letter toWykeham Martin, 2 Nov. 1854, Fisher, p. 48.
4 Wightman, p. 853.
5 Wroots, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 206. Smith, Brighton, p. 115 and Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 197.
6 Mitchell, p. 56. Wightman, p. 854. Grant on Gowings, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 38. Officer’s remark, HOPWWR. 1854, p. 327. Smith, Brighton, p. 115.
7 Ryzhov. Don Battery officer, Kalinin.
8 Morley and Butler, Brighton, p. 125.
9 Kilvert and regimental casualty chart, Dutton, Light Brigade, pp. 170 and 120.
10 Paget. Pearson, 26 Oct. 1854, Dawson, p. 134. Doyle and ‘Jenny’, Dutton, Light Brigade, pp. 95 and 90.
11 Prince, 4 Nov. 1854, Dawson, pp. 103–4. ‘WB’, 22 Nov. 1854, Dawson. Yorke, letter to sister, 5 Dec. 1854, Dawson, p. 111; and Dutton, Heavy Brigade, pp. 88–9. Selkrig, 22 Dec. 1854, Dawson, p. 115.
12 Royal’s Trooper ‘WP’, 22 Nov. 1854, Dawson, p. 107. Walker, Dutton, Heavy Brigade, p. 17.
13 Clifford, 27 Oct. 1854, p. 73.
14 Baker, 7 Nov. 1854, Dawson, p. 144. Wombell and Morley, Brighton, pp. 126–7.
15 Don Battery officer, Kalinin. Morley, Brighton, p. 130.
16 Paget.
17 Wightman, p. 854. Sergeant 13th Light Dragoons, 7 Nov. 1854, Dawson, p. 146. Williams, 7 Jan. 1854, Dawson, p. 153. Dudley, 18 Dec. 1854, Dawson, p. 151.
18 Maxse, Baring Pemberton, pp. 106–7. Walker, 18 Nov. 1854, Dawson, p. 149, Wroots, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 206.
19 Anon 8th Hussar trooper, Brighton p. 121. Tremayne, Baring-Pemberton, p. 107.
20 Nicholson, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 254. Phillips, Fisher, p. 255. Williamson, Massie, p. 87.
21 Mitchell, p. 56. Dudley, 18 Dec. 1854, Dawson, p. 151. Gordon, Brighton, p. 137. Morgan, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 313. Grigg, Lawrence, Mammoth Book of Eyewitness Battles, p. 298. Vahey, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 338.
22 Morgan, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 313. Berryman, Brighton, p. 135. Mitchell, p. 56.
23 Morley, Brighton, p. 139. Wightman, p. 855.
Chapter 8
1 Cardigan, Brighton, p. 138. Wightman and Maxse, Wightman, p. 855.
2 8th Hussar trooper, M. Barthorp, Heroes of the Crimea, p. 53. Vahey, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 338. Woodham, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 205.
3 Grigg, Lawrence, p. 298. Dudley, 18 Dec. 1854, Dawson, p. 151. Olley, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 60. Spring, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 191.
4 Low, Baring-Pemberton, p. 111. Low, eyewitness, Bath newspaper letter, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 54. Grant, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 38.
5 Buckton, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 146. Smith, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 264.
6 Anonymous Don Battery officer, Kalinin.
7 Kubitovich and Kozhukhov, Brighton, pp. 151–2.
8 Vahey, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 338. Morris, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 316.
9 Vahey, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 338. Grigg, Lawrence, p. 229.
10 Ivanovich, David, The Homicidal Earl, p. 409. Kubitovich, Brighton p. 152. Kozhukhov. Smith, Brighton, p. 155.
11 Russell, report 25 Oct. 1854, p. 114. Kozhukhov, Brighton, p. 163. Gowing, pp. 34–5.
12 Paget. Mitchell, p. 57.
13 Smith, Brighton, pp. 160–1. Anonymouse 17th officer, Dawson, p. 141.
14 Firkins, Massie, p. 87. Wightman, p. 856.
15 Pennington, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 181. Lazell, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 150. Wightman, p. 857.
16 Arbuzov, pp. 389–410. Reilly, Harris, p. 240.
17 Pennington, Brighton, p. 165; and Harris, p. 241. Seager, Massie, pp. 88–9.
18 Kubitovich. Paget. Herbert, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 45.
19 Woodham, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 205. Phillips, letter to father, 27 Oct. 1854. Fisher, p. 256. Hutton, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 47.
20 Mitchell, pp. 57–8. Chamberlayne, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 215.
21 Duberly, p. 94. Witness, Harris, pp. 246–7.
22 Donoghue, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 92. Smith, Brighton, p. 187. Lucan and Cardigan, David, pp. 412–13.
23 Trooper’s response, David, p. 413. Wombwell, Brighton, p. 188.
Chapter 9
1 Russell, p. 114 and 116. Anonymous 17th officer, 10 Feb. 1855, Dawson, p. 140.
2 Lucan, Brighton, pp. 183–4. Russell, S. David, p. 414. Nolan’s grave and Lucan, Buttery, pp. 143–4.
3 Figures, Brighton p. 293, David, p. 415 and Buttery, pp. 145–6.
4 Duke, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 220. Terrot, Buttery, p. 146.
5 Seager, Massie, p. 90. Mitchell, p. 58. Smith, Brighton, p. 186.
6 Bandsman, Oct. 1854, Dawson, pp. 94–5. Duberly, pp. 95 and 274.
7 Fox, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 36. Sheridan and Pardoe, Brighton, pp. 196–7. Vahey, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 339.
8 Scots Greys officer, 27 Oct. 1854, Dawson, p. 92. Kozhukhov. Bandsman, Oct. 1854, p. 95. Russell, p. 117.
9 Dryden, Dutton, p. 153. Clowes, Massie, p. 91.
10 Wightman, pp. 857–8.
11 Mitchell, p. 59. Cameron, Bancroft, The Way to Glory, p. 14 Surgeon Scott, Dawson, p. 156. Yorke, 27 Oct. 1854, Dawson.
12 Russell, 25 Oct. 1854, despatch, p. 117. Sterling, 27 Oct. 1854, p. 63.
13 Kozhukhov. Kubitovich.
14 Paget. Lucan, Hibbert, The Destruction of Lord Raglan, pp. 151–2.
15 Paget, evening Oct. 25 1854. Hodge, pp. 51–2. Nunnerly, Brighton, p. 188.
16 Mitchell, p. 60. Gray, 12 Nov. 1854, Dawson, p. 148. Williams, 7 Jan. 1855, Dawson, p. 153. Wightman, pp. 858–9.
17 Duberly, pp. 96–7 and 274.
18 Gowing, p. 38.
Beyond 24 Hours
1 Paget, Harris, p. 264.
2 Times newspaper, Brighton, p. 230. Morning Chronicle, HOPWWR, pp. 307–8.
3 Walker, Dutton, Heavy Brigade, p. 17.
4 Forest, Buttery, p. 150. Auchinloss, 27 Dec. 1854, Dawson, p. 119.
5 Raglan, Woodham-Smith, The Reason Why, p. 268. Hodge, 29 Jan. 1855, p. 116.
6 Hodge, 29 Jan. 1855, p. 83.
7 Nolan, Buttery, pp. 161–2.
8 Subaltern, Hodge, p. 59. Paget, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 61.
9 Jemmy, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 90; Brighton, p. 221.
10 Don Battery Officer, Kalinin, pp. 136–52. Liprandi. Additional material from Kubitovich, Arbuzov, Kozhukhov and Ryzhov.
11 US Ship Captain, Mawson, p. 9.
12 Fox, Dutton, Light Brigade, p. 36.
13 Wightman, Dutton, Light Brigade, pp. 344–5; and Wightman, p. 863.
14 Down and out details, Brighton, pp. 227–8 and Bancroft, pp. 12–13.