Autobiographies and Biographies
Criticism, Analysis, and Theory
Dictionaries, Directories, Reference Works, Guides, and Sourcebooks
Dissertations, Pamphlets, Unpublished Papers, and Presentations
Abramson, Doris. Negro Playwrights in the American Theatre, 1925–1959. New York: Columbia University Press, 1969.
Birdoff, Harry. The World’s Greatest Hit: Uncle Tom’s Cabin. New York: S. F. Vanni, 1947.
Bond, Frederick W. The Negro and the Drama: The Direct and Indirect Contribution Which the American Negro Has Made to Drama and the Legitimate Stage, with the Underlying Conditions Responsible. Washington, DC: Associated Publishers, 1940 (Repr., McGrath, 1969).
Bontempts, Arna, ed. The Harlem Renaissance Remembered. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1972.
Burton, Jennifer. Zora Neale Hurston, Eulalie Spence, Marita Bonner and Others: The Prize Plays and Other One-Acts. New York: G. K. Hall, 1996.
Callow, Simon. Orson Welles: The Road to Xanadu. New York: Penguin Books, 1996.
Craig, E. Quita. Black Drama of the Federal Theatre Era: Beyond the Formal Horizons. Boston: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980.
Cruse, Harold. The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual. New York: William Morrow, 1967.
Cullen, Rosemary L. The Civil War in American Drama before 1900: Catalog of an Exhibition, November 1982. Providence, RI: Brown University Press, 1982.
Curtis, Susan. The First Black Actors on the Great White Way. Columbia: The University of Missouri Press, 1998.
Dennis, Ethel. The Black People of America: Illustrated History. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1970.
Dent, Thomas C., Richard Schechner, and Gilbert Moses, eds. The Free Southern Theater by the Free Southern Theater. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merril, 1969.
Elkins, Marilyn. August Wilson: A Casebook. New York: Garland, 2000.
Epstein, Helen. Joe Papp: An American Life. New York: DaCapo Press, 1996.
Fabre, Genevieve. Drumbeats, Masks and Metaphor: Contemporary Afro-American Theatre. Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1983.
Flanagan, Hallie. Arena: The History of the Federal Theatre. New York: Duell, Sloan, and Pearce, 1940.
Flanagan, Hallie (Hallie Ferguson Flanagan Davis). Arena: The History of the Federal Theatre. New York: Benjamin Blom, 1965.
Fletcher, Tom. 100 Years of the Negro in Show Business. New York: Burdge and Company, 1954.
Flowers, H. D., II. Blacks in American Theatre History: Images, Realities. Potential. Blacksburg, VA: Bellwether Press, 1992.
Fraden, Rena. Blueprints for a Black Federal Theatre, 1935–1939. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Gottschild, Brenda Dixon. Digging the Africanist Presence in American Performance: Dance and Other Contexts. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1996.
Haskins, James. Black Theater in America. New York: Crowell, 1982.
Hatch, James V., and Errol G. Hill. A History of African American Theatre. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Hatch, James V., Errol G. Hill, and Ted Shine, eds. Black Theatre USA: Plays by African Americans. Rev. ed. New York: Free Press, 1996.
Hay, Samuel. African American Theatre: An Historical and Critical Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Hill, Anthony D. Pages from the Harlem Renaissance: A Chronicle of Performance. New York: Peter Lang, 1966.
Hill, Errol G. Shakespeare in Sable: A History of Black Shakespearean Actors. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1984.
———. The Theatre of Black Americans. 2 vols. 1980. Repr. one volume. New York: Applause Theatre Books, 1987.
Holmes, Dwight Oliver Wendell. The Evolution of the Negro College. New York: AMS Press, 1970.
Huggins, Nathan Irvin. Harlem Renaissance. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Hughes, Langston, and Milton Meltzer. Black Magic: A Pictorial History of Black Entertainers in America. New York: Bonanza Books, 1968.
Hughes, Langston, Milton Meltzer, Harris, Middleton A., Morris Levitt, Roger Furman, and Ernest Smith. The Black Book. New York: Random House, 1974.
———. A Pictorial History of the Negro in America. New York: Crown, 1968.
Hutchinson, George. The Harlem Renaissance in Black and White. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995.
Johnson, Helen A. Black Americans on Stage. New York: Amstead-Johnson Foundation, 1982.
Johnson, James Weldon. Black Manhattan. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1930.
Jones, Phillip, and Everett L. Jones. The Negro Cowboys, New York: Dodd, Mead, 1965.
Jones, Rhodessa. Let’s Get It On: The Politics of Black Performance. Seattle: Bay Press, 1995.
Katz, William Loren. The Black West. New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1971.
King, Woodie, Jr. Black Theatre: Present Condition. New York: Publishing Center for Cultural Resources, 1981.
Krasner, David. A Beautiful Pageant African American Theatre Drama and Performance in the Harlem Renaissance, 1910–1927. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2004.
———. Resistance, Parody, and Double Consciousness in African American Theatre, 1895–1910. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997.
Little, Stuart. Enter: Joseph Papp. New York: Coward, McCann, and Geohegan, 1974.
Locke, Alain. The New Negro: An Interpretation. New York: Arno Press and the New York Times, 1968.
McMillan, Felecia Piggot. The North Carolina Black Repertory Company: 25 Marvtastic Years. Greensboro, NC: Open Hand, 2005.
Mitchell, Loften. Black Drama: The Story of the American Negro in the Theatre. New York: Hawthorn, 1967.
O’Connor, John, and Lorraine Brown, eds. Free, Adult, Uncensored: The Living History of the Federal Theatre Project. Washington, DC: New Republic Books, 1978.
Odell, George C. D. Annals of the New York Stage, 1882–1885. Vol. 12. New York: AMS Press, 1970.
Oliver, Clinton F., and Stephanie Sills, eds. Contemporary Black Drama. New York: Scribner’s, 1971.
Poland, Albert, and Bruce Mailman, eds. The Off-Off Broadway Book: The Plays, People, and Theatre. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1972.
Sampson, Henry T. The Ghost Walks: A Chronological History of Blacks in Show Business, 1865–1910. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1988.
Sanders, Leslie. The Development of Black Theatre in America: From Shadows to Selves. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1998.
Shannon, Sandra G., August Wilson’s Fences: A Reference Guide. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2003.
———. The Dramatic Vision of August Wilson. Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1995.
Shannon, Sandra G. and Dana Williams, eds. August Wilson and Black Aesthetics. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2004.
Thompson, George A., Jr. Documentary History of the African Theater. Chicago: Northwestern University Press, 1998.
Toll, Robert C. Blacking Up: The Minstrel Show in Nineteenth-Century America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1974.
Turner, Darwin T. Black Drama in America. Greenwich, CT: Fawcett Premier Books, 1971.
Watson, Steven. The Harlem Renaissance. New York, Pantheon Books, 1995.
William, Mance. Black Theatre in the 1960s and 1970s: A Historical-Critical Analysis of the Movement. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1985.
Wilson, Garff B. Three Hundred Years of American Drama and Theatre. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1982.
Arata, Esther Spring. More Black American Playwrights: A Bibliography. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1978.
Arata, Esther Spring, and Nicholas John Rotoli. Black American Playwrights, 1800 to the Present: A Bibliography. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1976.
Couch, William, Jr. New Black Playwrights. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1968.
Hatch, James V. Sorrow Is the Only Faithful One: The Life of Owen Dodson. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1993.
Hatch, James V., and Omanii Abdullah, eds. Black Playwrights, 1823–1977: An Annotated Bibliography of Plays. New York: R. R. Bowker, 1977.
Peterson, Bernard L. Contemporary Black American Playwrights and Their Plays: A Biographical Directory and Dramatic Index. New York: Greenwood Press, 1988.
———. Early Black American Playwrights and Dramatic Writers: A Biographical Directory and Catalogue of Plays, Films and Broadcasting Scripts. New York: Greenwood Press, 1990.
Williams, Dana A. Contemporary African American Female Playwrights: An Annotated Bibliography. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998.
Benston, Kimberly W. Baraka: The Renegade and the Mask. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1976.
Bernard, Emily. Remember Me to Harlem: The Letters of Langston Hughes and Carl Van Vechten. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2001.
Bryer, Jackson R., and Mary C. Hartig. Conversations with August Wilson. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2006.
Carter, Steven R. Hansberry’s Drama: Commitment and Complexity. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991.
Charter, Ann. Nobody: The Story of Bert Williams. New York: Macmillan, 1970.
Davis, Ossie, and Ruby Dee. With Ossie and Ruby: In This Life Together. New York: Perennial, 2004.
Editors of Freedomways. Paul Robeson: The Great Forerunner. New York: International, 1998.
Fabre, Michel. The Unfinished Quest of Richard Wright. New York: William Morrow, 1973.
Gilliam, Dorothy Butler. Paul Robeson: All American. Washington, DC: New Republic Book Company, 1978.
Hatch, James V. Sorrow Is the Only Faithful One: The Life of Owen Dodson. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1993.
Horn, Barbara Lee. Joseph Papp: A Bio-Bibliography. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1992.
Marshall, Herbert, and Mildred Stock. Ira Aldridge: The Negro Tragedian. Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1993.
Mitchell, Loften. Voices of the Black Theatre. Clifton, NJ: James T. White, 1975.
Neal, Lester A. Ntozake Shange: A Critical Study of the Plays. New York: Garland, 1995.
O’Daniel, Therman B., ed. James Baldwin: A Critical Evaluation. Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1977.
Rowland, Mabel, ed. Bert Williams: Son of Laughter: A Symposium of Tribute to the Man and His Work, by His Friends and Associates. Westport, CT: Negro University Press, 1969.
Sollors, Werner. Amiri Baraka/LeRoi Jones: The Quest for a “Populist Modernism.” New York: Columbia University Press.
Wright, Ellen, and Michel Fabre, eds. Richard Wright Reader. New York: Da Capo Press, 1978.
Abramson, Doris E. Negro Playwrights in the American Theatre: 1925–1959. New York: Columbia University Press, 1969.
Bassett, John E. Harlem in Review: Critical Reactions to Black American Writers, 1917. London: Associated University Presses, 1992.
Cruse, Harold. The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual. New York: William Morrow, 1987.
Elam, Harry J., and David Krasner. African American Performance and Theater History: A Critical Reader. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Gayle, Addison, Jr. The Black Aesthetic. Garden City, NJ: Anchor Books, 1971.
Hill, Errol. The Theatre of Black Americans: A Collection of Critical Essays. New York: Applause, 1987.
Krasner, David. A Beautiful Pageant: African American Theatre, Drama, and Performance in the Harlem Renaissance, 1910–1927. New York: Palgrave MacMillian, 2002.
———. Resistance, Parody, and Double Consciousness in African American Theatre, 1895–1910, New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Mahar, William J. Behind the Burnt Cork Mask: Early Blackface Minstrelsy an Antebellum American Popular Culture. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1999.
Molette, Carlton W., and Barbara J. Molette. Black Theatre: Premise and Presentation. Bristol, IN: Wyndham Hall Press, 1986.
Shannon, Sandra G. The Dramatic Vision of August Wilson. Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1995.
Stewart, Jeffrey C., ed. The Critical Temper of Alain Locke: A Selection of His Essays on Art and Culture. New York: Garland, 1983.
Branch, William B., ed. Black Thunder: An Anthology of Contemporary African American Drama. New York: Penguin, 1992.
———. Crosswinds: An Anthology of Black Dramatists in the Diaspora. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993.
Elam, Harry J., Jr. The Past as Present in the Drama of August Wilson. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2006
Elam, Harry J., Jr., and Robert Alexander. Colored Contradictions: An Anthology of Contemporary African-American Plays. New York: Penguin, 1996.
Hamalian, Leo, and James V. Hatch. The Roots of African American Drama: An Anthology of Early Plays, 1858–1938. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
Hatch, James V., and Ted Shine, eds. Black Theatre USA: Forty-five Plays by African Americans. New York: Free Press, 1996.
Hill, Errol. Black Heroes: 7 Plays. New York: Applause Theatre Book, 1989.
King, Woodie, Jr. New Plays for the Black Theatre. Chicago: Third World Press, 1989.
Mitchell, Angelyn. Within the Circle: An Anthology of African American Literary Criticism from the Harlem Renaissance to the Present. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1994.
Nadel, Alan. May All Your Fences Have Gates: Essays on the Drama of August Wilson. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1994.
Oliver, Clinton F., and Stephanie Sills. Contemporary Black Drama: From A Raisin in the Sun to No Place to Be Somebody. New York: Charles Schribner’s Sons, 1971.
Ostrow, Eileen Joyce. Center Stage: An Anthology of 21 Contemporary Black-American Plays. Oakland, CA: Sea Urchin Press, 1981.
Patterson, Lindsay, ed. Anthology of the American Negro in the Theatre: A Critical Approach. New York: Publishers Company, 1968.
———. Black Theater: A 20th Century Collection of the Work of Its Best Playwrights. New York: New American Library, 1971.
Perkins, Kathy A., and Judith L. Stephens. Strange Fruit: Plays on Lynching by American Women. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998.
Perkins, Kathy A., Judith L. Stephens, and Roberto Uno, eds. Contemporary Plays by Women of Color. New York: Routledge, 1966.
Rampersad, Arnold. The Life of Langston Hughes, Volume 1. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.
———. The Life of Langston Hughes, Volume 2. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
Richardson, Willis, and May Miller, eds. Negro History in Thirteen Plays. Washington, DC: Associated Publishers, 1935.
Sell, Mike, ed. Ed. Bullins: Twelve Plays and Selected Writings. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2006.
Shannon, Sandra. August Wilson and Black Aesthetics. New York: Palgrave Macmillian, 2004.
Abramson, Doris E. “Review of The Escape; or, A Leap for Freedom.” Educational Theatre Journal 24 (1972): 190–91.
Ackamoor, Idris. “Black Performance Art at the Turn of the Century: A Personal History; Cultural Odyssey.” Black Theatre News 8 (Spring 1998): 3, 13–14.
Anderson, Addell Austin. “The Ethiopian Art Theatre.” Theatre Survey 33 (November 1992).
Anderson, Garland. “How I Became a Playwright.” In Anthology of the American Negro in the Theatre, comp. Lindsay Patterson. Washington, DC: Publishers Company, 1967.
Brown, Lorraine. “Library of Congress Takes Back Federal Theatre Project Archive.” New Federal One 19 (October 1994): 3.
Brustein, Robert. “The Lessons of The Piano Lesson.” New Republic 202 (22 May 1990).
Castleberry, Bill. “Black Theatre Alliance Closes Down.” Uptown (Summer 1981): 34.
Ceynowa, Andrzej. “Black Theaters . . . 1961–1982.” Black American Literature Forum 17 (Summer 1983): 84–93.
Childress, Alice. “For a Negro Theatre.” Masses and Mainstream (February 1952): 61–65.
Clarke, Breena. “Minnesota’s Penumbra Theatre Moves into the Light.” Black Masks 7 (August/September 1991): 6–8, 19.
Coleman, Mike. “What Is Black Theatre?” Interview with Amiri Baraka. Black World 20 (April 1971): 6, 32–36.
Colman, Stephen. “Crossroads Marks the Spot.” Black Masks 7 (August/September 1991): 5–6.
Constantinidis, Stratos, ed. “American Theatre and the African Diaspora: What Is a Black Play?” Text and Presentation: Journal of the Comparative Drama Conference 24 (April 2003): 161–91.
“Detroit’s Plowshares: A New Home for a Bold Theatre.” Black Theatre News 6 (Fall 1997): 1.
Edmonds, Randolph S. “The Negro Little Theater Movement.” Negro History Bulletin (January 1949): 82–84.
Fraden, Rena. “The Cloudy History of Big White Fog: The Federal Theatre Project, 1938.” American Studies 29 (Spring 1988): 1, 5–27.
Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. “The Chitlin’ Circuit.” New Yorker 3 (February 1997): 44–55.
Grimké, Angelina Weld. “Rachel the Play of the Month, the Reason and Synopsis by the Author.” Competitor 1 (January 1920): 51.
Hatch, James V. Interview with Winona Lee Fletcher, 8 May 1995. Artist and Influence 14 (1995); 107–18.
Hay, Samuel A. “The Death of Black Educational Theatre, 94, Stirs Huge Controversy.” Black Theatre News 9 (Fall 1998): 27–28.
Martin, Sister Kathryn, S. P. “On Black Theatre of Revolution.” Today’s Speech (1972).
Morris, Eileen. “Theatre’s Duality, Art and Industry.” In Black Theatre’s Unprecedented Times (pp. 93–94), ed. Hely Manuel Perez. Gainesville, FL: Black Theatre Network, 1999.
Oliver, Edith. “The Theatre Off-Broadway.” New Yorker (11 February 1978).
Pawley, Thomas D. “The First Black Playwrights.” Black World 21 (April 1972): 16–25.
Tanner, Jo. “Classical Black Theatre: Federal Theatre’s All-Black ‘Voodoo Macbeth.’ ” American Drama and Theatre 7 (Winter 1995): 1, 52.
Tooks, Kim. “Kia Corthron: Staying on Track.” Black Masks 13 (May/June 1998): 1, 5–6.
Wallace, Michele. Interview with Abram Hill, 19 January 1974. Artist and Influence 19 (2000): 120.
Bean, Annemarie. Sourcebook of African American Performance: Plays, People, Movements. New York: Routledge, 1999.
Bergman, Peter M. The Negro in America. New York: A Mentor Book, 1969.
Bordman, Gerald. American Musical Theatre: A Chronicle. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978.
Carter, Steven R. Hansberry’s Drama: Commitment and Complexity. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991.
Edwards, Gus. Advice to a Young Black Actor: Conversations with Douglas Turner Ward. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2004.
Gray, John. Black Theatre and Performance: A Pan-African Bibliography. New York: Greenwood Press, 1990.
Hartnoll, Phyllis, ed. The Oxford Companion to the Theatre. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1870.
Hatch, James V. Black Image on the American Stage: A Bibliography of Plays and Musicals 1770–1970. New York: Drama Book Specialists, 1970.
Hatch, James V., and Leo Hamalian, eds. The Roots of African American Drama: An Anthology of Early Plays, 1858–1938. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1991.
———, eds. Lost Plays of the Harlem Renaissance, 1920–1940. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1996.
Harris, Trudier, and Thadious M. Davis, eds, Afro-American Writers before the Harlem Renaissance. Detroit: Gale Research, 1986.
Kellner, Bruce. Harlem Renaissance: A Historical Dictionary for the Era. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1984.
Mapp, Edward. Directory of Blacks in the Performing Arts. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1978.
National Committee on Cultural Diversity in the Performing Arts with the American Theatre Association. Black Theatre Directory. Washington, DC: John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, 1981.
Peterson, Bernard L. A Century of Musicals in Black and White: An Encyclopedia of Musical Stage “Works by, about, or involving African Americans.” Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1993.
———. Profiles of African American Stage Performers and Theatre People, 1816–1960. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2001.
———. The African American Theatre Dictionary: A Comprehensive Guide to Early Black Theatre Organizations, Theatres, and Performance Groups. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1897.
Sampson, Henry T. Blacks in Blackface: A Source Book on Early Black Musical Shows. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1980.
———. The Ghost Walks: A Chronological History of Blacks in Show Business, 1865–1910. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1988.
Shannon, Sandra G. August Wilson’s Fences: A Reference Guide. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2003.
Woll, Allen. Dictionary of the Black Theatre: Broadway, Off-Broadway and Selected Harlem Theatre. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1983.
Anderson, Addell Austin. “Pioneering Black Authored Dramas: 1924–27.” Ph.D. dissertation, Michigan State University, 1986.
Belcher, Fannin Saffore, Jr. “The Place of the Negro in the Evolution of the American Theatre, 1762–1940.” Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University, 1940.
Bullins, Ed., ed. The Drama Review 12, no.4 (Summer 1968).
Lewis, Barbara. “From Slavery to Segregation: On the Lynching Trial.” Ph.D. dissertation, City University of New York, 2000.
Miller, Henry. “Art or Propaganda? A Historical and Critical Analysis of African American Theoretical Approaches to Drama, 1900–1975.” Ph.D. dissertation, City University of New York, 2002.
Monroe, John Gilbert. “A Record of the Black Theatre in New York City: 1920–29.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Texas at Austin, 1980.
Nadler, Paul. “American Theatre and the Civil Rights Movement, 1945–1965.” Ph.D. dissertation, City University of New York, 1996.
Perez, Manuel, and Victor Walker II, eds. Black Theatre’s Unprecedented Times: The Tribute of the Black Theatre Network to the Summits of 1998 and the African Grove Institute for the Arts. A special publication of BTNews, 1998.
Silver, Reuben. “A History of the Karamu Theatre of Karamu House, 1915–1960.” Ph.D. dissertation, The Ohio State University, 1961.
Thompson, Mary Francesca. “The Lafayette Players 1915–1932.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan, 1972.
Vactor, Vanita. “A History of the Chicago Federal Theatre Project Negro Project Negro Unit: 1935–1939.” Ph.D. dissertation, New York University, 1998.
Wilkerson, Margaret B. Wilkerson, and Veve A. Clark, eds. The Black Scholar: Journal of Black Studies and Research 10, no. 10 (July/August 1979).
Williams, Kathy Ervin. “Concept East Theatre: 1962–1976.” Unpublished paper, National Conference on African American Theatre, 1987.
Wilson, August. “The Ground upon Which I Stand.” Keynote address at Theater Communications Group, Princeton University, 26 June 1996.
Edwards, Gus. Advice to a Young Black Actor: Conversations with Douglas Turner Ward. Portsmouth, NH: Heineman, 2004.
Hatch, James V. “Interview with Beth Turner.” Artist and Influence. Vol. 24. New York: Hatch-Billops Collection, 2005, 163–73.
Hatch, James V. Interview with Douglas Q. Barnett, 1 October 1997. Artist and Influence 17 (1998): 1–27.
Jackson, Deliah. “Sirens, Sweethearts, and Showgirls of the Stage and Silver Screen.” Interview with Edna Mae Harris and Vivian Harris, 4 February 1991. Artist and Influence 10 (1991): 75.
Lewis, Barbara. Interview with Woodie King Jr., 14 February 1999. Artist and Influence 18 (1999): 55–68.
Parks, Suzan-Lori. “Elements of Style.” In The America Play and Other Works. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 1995.
Sellar, Tom. Interview with Suzan-Lori Parks. Theatre Forum 9 (Summer 1996): 37–39.
Wallace, Michele. Interview with Abram Hill, 19 January 1974. Artist and Influence 19 (2000): 120.
2007 African American Theatre Festival. www.theatermania.com/content/show.cfm/section/synopsis/show/130103.
African-American Theatre on the Web—Part 3. www.suite101.com/article.cfm/240/5589.
African Company/African Grove Theatre. www.blackpast.org/?q=aah/africancompany-african-grove-theatre.
American Theater Guide: African Americans in the American Theatre. www.answers.com/topic/african-americans-in-the-american-theatre.
Amiri Baraka: Poet, Playwright, Activist. www.amiribaraka.com.
The Great Black Way: African American Theater Producer Woodie King, Jr. www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1546/is_2_15/ai_62024114.
HistoryLink.org: The Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History. www.historylink.org/results.cfm?searchfield=topics&keyword=Ethnic%20Communities.
New England Entertainment Digest—Online. www.jacneed.com/African_American_Theatre.html.
Onnaday: Donna Bennett. www.onnadaydonna.blogspot.com/2007/05/schomburg-collection.html.
UrbanMecca.com. www.urbanmecca.com/search/search.php/search:cat/category.
Urban Reviews. www.msoyonline.com/african-american-web-portal/black-entertainment-theatre.htm.
Yale Library Research Workshop: African-American Theater. www.library.yale.edu/humanities/theater/instruction/afamtheater.html.
Young African American Poets: A Celebration of New Writing Poetry Readings by Evie Shockly, Douglas Kearney, and Amaud Jamal Johnson. www.beineckejwj.wordpress.com.
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