Index

abnormal psychology 10; see exceptional mental states; see also clinical psychology
abstraction 92–93, 114, 115, 327, 329; and association 92, 154; and conception 28, 263–264; and reasoning 91, 130
aesthetics 33, 36, 120, 157, 164, 192–193, 283–284
Agassiz, Louis 6
Allport, Gordon W. 47, 230
American Psychological Association 11
American Society for Psychical Research 10
analogical (or metaphorical) thinking 32–33, 89–91, 326–329; examples of 14–15, 58, 64, 66, 73, 78, 80, 81, 90, 92, 106–107, 109, 111, 124, 128, 134, 143–144, 153, 177, 278–280, 281, 282–283, 315, 317, 322, 325, 326–327, 328; see genius: and analogical (or metaphorical) thinking
Angell, James R. 294–295
Aristotle viii, 9, 55, 86, 285
association 87–91, 96–97, 101–102, 106, 183–184; and brain 197; by contiguity 85, 88–89, 91–92, 154; and habit 84, 89; laws of 40, 57, 88, 151, 189, 211; and learning 93, 121, 140–141; and memory 121; secondary nature of 86, 98–99, 125; and self-identity 242–243; by similarity 85, 88–92, 152–154, 326
atomism see elementism
attention 67, 101–102, 110, 205–213, 223–227; defined 208; explanation of 209; immediate vs. derived 208; and interest 85, 88, 179, 190, 193, 196–197, 207, 246; passive vs. active 208; and preperception 209–210; and reality 222, 264; and reasoning 157; sensorial vs. intellectual 208–209; see will: and attention
Baars, Bernard J. 203, 226
Bain, Alexander 9, 80, 90, 94, 152, 281
Bandura, Albert 214, 225
Barzun, Jacques viii, 304
Baumeister, Roy F. 225
behaviorism 73, 132, 141, 143, 159, 296–297
belief 131, 259–273; definition of 260; doubt as the opposite of 261; and imagination 260–261; and interest 263; and memory 139; and perception 261–262; and reality 114, 139, 166, 253–254, 261, 263–265; and science 7, 263, 268–270; and will 261–262; see truth: and belief
Berenson, Bernard viii
Berkeley, George 86
Berlin, Isaiah 275
Binet, Albert 198, 202, 296
body: and experience 66–68, 168; meaning of 55–56; and mind 53–55, 63–64, 69–70, 160–161; and self-identity 66–67, 243–245; see self: and body; self: material aspect of
Bohr, Niels viii, 184, 304, 307–308
Borges, Jorge Luis viii, 304
Boring, E. G. 296
Bowditch, Henry P. 59
Bowne, Borden P. 294
Bradley, Francis Herbert 318
brain 14–15, 206; and evolution 178; and habit 15–17, 78–79; hemispheres of 43, 60–64, 78, 133–135; and indeterminism 65, 178–179, 206, 259; and memory 133–135, 141; plasticity of 62–63, 78, 178, 206; and self 241, 247; see consciousness: and brain
Bruner, Jerome S. 331
Campbell, Donald T. 28, 282
Cannon, Walter B. 171
Carpenter, William B. 79; and ideo-motor action 29, 216
causality: attribution of 54, 63–66; vs. attribution of 39, 43–44, 259, 322, 323; opposed by mental spontaneity 154, 208; as metaphysical conjecture 158, 284, 307; vs. probability 330–331; see brain: and indeterminism; consciousness: causal efficacy of; mind: freedom of
chance 81, 158, 167, 274
character 73, 209, 229, 246
Charcot, Jean-Martin 170, 198, 202
clinical psychology 10, 12, 297–299
cognition 45, 145–159, 164–166, 168–169, 318–319, 330; and evolution 150–151; see also emotion
comparison 58, 86–87, 91, 153–157; investigative method of 32; and reality 263
Comte, Auguste 48
conception 28, 100–117; change in 280, 324–325; function of 280; evolution of basic forms of 283; vs. perception 126–127, 318–319; as translation 112, 158, 280, 329; see cognition
consciousness 173–193; and activism 19, 43, 57, 85, 98, 154, 190, 205, 208, 214–217, 235–236, 301; and brain 43–45, 62–63, 65–66, 68–69, 97, 177–178, 182, 200–201, 307; causal efficacy of 54, 65, 177, 179–180, 206; characteristics of 180–193; equivalent terms for 42–43, 145–151, 174–175, 198, 230; and evolution 64–65, 134, 158, 176–179; flights and perchings of 106–107, 128, 130, 183, 188, 308; fringe of 106–107, 130; function of 64–66, 83, 177; and holism 35, 57–58, 86, 189, 195, 242, 301, 309; and interest 46, 57, 85, 112, 189; primary and secondary consciousness 199–201; and purpose 46, 60, 64–65, 72, 83, 112, 115, 155, 176–177; questioned 312–316; and reflex action 150–151; vs. sciousness 308, 313–314, 316–317; selectivity of 65–66, 125, 189–193, 242; stream of 19, 42–43, 57, 85–86, 125, 181–185; vagueness of 23, 185–186; see meaning; psychology: and radical empiricism; selection: and consciousness
constancy: of meaning 102–103; of size and shape 117, 119–121; see sameness
Cooley, Charles Horton 234
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly 232
Damasio, Antonio viii, 69, 145, 171, 203, 247–248
Darwin, Charles 6, 9, 18, 20, 27, 34, 46, 64, 77, 81, 90, 92, 115, 140, 152, 153, 158, 166–167, 176, 268, 279, 280, 282, 296
Dember, William N. 122
Descartes, René 55
De Sousa, Ronald 147
Dewey, John viii, 9, 40, 79, 290, 294, 301, 304, 320
discrimination 86–87, 91–92, 153, 156
dualism 70, 312; of mind and body 44, 53–71, 320–321; of mind and thing 45–46, 72, 323–324
Du Bois, W. E. B. viii, 251, 304
Ebbinghaus, Hermann 141
Edelman, Gerald M. 135, 197, 203
Edie, James M. 55, 100
Einstein, Albert 285
elementism, criticism of 34–35, 57–58, 148, 181–182, 183
Ellenberger, Henri F. 199–200
Emerson, Ralph Waldo 4, 10, 275
emotion 145–151, 159–172, 213–214; and belief 263, 269; and bodily changes 159–163; genesis of 166–167; and memory 141; and perception 162; types of 167; variation of 166; see also cognition
empiricism 26–28, 94, 110–111, 114, 117, 121, 269; see radical empiricism
exceptional mental states 7, 20, 47, 298
experience: equivalent to consciousness 94; James’s influential analysis of 276, 284; as open-ended 266–267; as product of mind and body 208; as selective 207; as starting point 58, 71, 176, 315–316, 319–320; see consciousness
experimentation 31–32
Fechner, Gustav Theodor 9, 87, 201, 317, 318
feeling: and cognition 145–146, 269; and emotion 163; and images 128; priority of 168; of relation 106–110, 130, 139, 183–185, 196; of tendency 23, 107–109, 127, 131–132, 184–187
Feyerabend, Paul 275
free will see mind: freedom of
Freud, Sigmund 47, 171, 173, 198, 199, 246, 296, 298; compared to James 169–170, 178, 188, 200, 248
fringe see consciousness: fringe of; feeling: of relation; feeling: of tendency
Frost, Robert viii, 304
Galilei, Galileo 310
Gallagher, Shaun 225, 232, 323
Galton, Francis 129
Gendlin, Eugene T. 172
genius 34, 108–109, 282, 298; and analogical (metaphorical) thinking 90–91, 152–153, 183–184, 326; two kinds of 90–91, 152
Gibson, James J. 119
Goodman, Nelson viii, 116, 275
Goodman, Russell B. xi, 276, 284, 303
Gurney, Edmund 201
habit 13, 15, 73–85; and association 140; and attention 83; and character 73, 79–81, 246; and education 79–81; and instincts 76–78; and main forms of thinking 285; and preperception 81–82; and unconsciousness 82–83; see brain: and habit
Hall, G. Stanley 11, 29, 290–291
Hartmann, Eduard von 47, 194–195
Hartshorne, Charles 116, 275
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich 9, 243, 318
Helmholtz, Hermann von 9, 100, 118, 191, 296; and unconscious inference 121, 197
Herbart, Johann Friedrich 35, 201
Hilgard, Ernest R. 93, 143, 202
Holmes, Oliver Wendell Jr. 5
Howells, William Dean 290
Hull, Clark L. 202
Hume, David 8–9, 35, 40, 57, 86, 94, 116, 125, 126, 127, 148, 168, 239–240, 242, 243, 290
Husserl, Edmund 35, 55, 69, 100
hypnosis 194, 202, 209, 230, 246, 298
idealism 114–115, 117, 158, 188–189, 307, 309, 315, 317; see also Bradley; Kant; Plato; Royce
imagination 124–132, 133, 138, 141–144; defined 127; and neurology 127; and thought 129–132
instinct 75–78, 197, 213–214, 251
intention see feeling: and meaning; meaning
interest: and association 153–154; and freedom of thought and action 85; and reality 261, 265; and selective attention 46, 57, 65–66, 87, 88–92, 115, 125, 192, 205–207; and self 236; see attention
introspection 30–31, 132, 184, 200
Jackson, John Hughlings 61
James, Henry, Jr. 4–5, 23, 175, 289, 290
James, Henry, Sr. 4–5
James, William: continuing relevance of 117; described 22, 291, 295; as individualist 248–250, 317–318; legacy of 3, 252, 285–286, 296–300; life of 4–8, 248–252, 296–300; life reflected in work 4–5, 24, 70–71, 83–84, 99–100, 120, 129, 191, 223–224; prejudices of 250–255; vs. pretense to exactitude 17, 21–23, 29, 39, 42, 47, 74, 87, 96–97, 101, 126, 136, 147–149, 159, 167, 168, 175, 212, 328–331; religious beliefs of 273–275, 317–318; writing style of 21–24, 292–296; see analogical (or metaphorical) thinking: examples of
James’s book-length publications: Essays in Radical Empiricism 8, 41, 44, 69, 72, 115, 259, 303; The Meaning of Truth 8, 70, 110, 281, 283, 286, 303, 319–320; A Pluralistic Universe 8, 142, 259, 266, 301, 303; Pragmatism 8, 112, 279, 281, 301, 303, 318; Psychology: Briefer Course viii, 7, 8, 41, 42, 48, 57, 95, 175, 230, 293–294, 297, 305–310, 314, 320; Some Problems of Philosophy 8, 303; Talks to Teachers and to Students 8, 12–13, 80, 128–129, 140, 141, 296; The Varieties of Religious Experience 7–8, 20, 176, 189, 204, 223–224, 247, 259, 270–274, 278, 292, 299–300, 328, 329; The Will to Believe 8, 259, 265–270, 296, 314; see also The Principles of Psychology
Janet, Pierre 47, 170, 198, 200, 202
judgment: cognitive 131; emotional 161; see cognition
Jung, Carl G. 318
Kahneman, Daniel 198
Kandel, Eric R. 171
Kant, Immanuel 68, 118, 137, 188, 207, 241, 243; see also idealism
Keller, Helen viii, 304
Kihlstrom, John F. 198
knowledge 277–288, 318–319; by acquaintance (knowledge of) 45, 96, 101, 111, 146–147, 186; knowledge-about 45, 96, 101, 111, 146–147, 186; limits of 114, 260–261, 267–268, 277–278; as social 281–282; see cognition
Koch, Sigmund xi, 302
Kosslyn, Stephen M. 132
Ladd, George Trumbull 9, 294, 298–299
Lamarck, Jean Baptiste 77, 251
Lange, Carl Georg 170–172
language: dangers of 35; limits of 34, 116, 147–149, 194, 276; and thought 98, 102, 128–129, 131
Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent 310
learning 12–13, 140
Leary, David E. 38, 43, 59, 63, 79, 84, 99, 113, 176, 208, 212, 223, 231, 247, 250, 280, 291, 292, 296, 326
LeDoux, Joseph E. 69, 171, 247
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von 195, 285
Lewes, George Henry 97, 98
Lewin, Kurt 326
Libet, Benjamin 226
Lippmann, Walter viii, 252, 304
Locke, John 8–9, 16, 35, 40, 55, 57, 86, 88, 94, 116, 125, 126, 127, 148, 160, 241, 242, 290, 312
logic 288; James vs. Peirce on 291–292; limits of 267; see narrative: vs. logic
Lorenz, Konrad 75
Lotze, Rudolph Hermann 189
McCosh, James 294
McDermott, John J. xi, 303
Margolis, Joseph 286–287
Markus, Hazel Rose 234, 302–303
Marx, Karl 232
Maslow, Abraham 238
Mead, George Herbert viii, 234
meaning 103, 105, 112, 158, 186–187, 232; see feeling: of relation; feeling: of tendency
memory 107–108, 124–125, 130, 131, 132–144, 214; and brain 133–135, 139; fallibility of 138–139; and habit 84, 139; and images 133; primary vs. secondary 137, 196–197; and self 133, 242, 244, 245–246
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice 69, 100, 284
metaphor see analogical (or metaphorical) thinking
Meynert, Theodor 29, 43, 61, 63, 160
Mill, John Stuart 48, 94, 242, 252–255
Miller, Dickinson S. 22
mind: freedom of 207, 210–213, 223–226, 274, 307; meaning of 55–56, 174; see consciousness; experience
morality 33, 36, 79–81, 85, 164, 192–193, 274, 283
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus 109
Müller, Johannes 9
Münsterberg, Hugo 297–298
Myers, Frederic William Henry 201
Myers, Gerald E. ix, xi, 40, 127, 132, 226–227, 294
narrative: vs. logic 291–292, 329–330; and psychology 328–331
Natsoulas, Thomas 203
Neisser, Ulric 132
Newton, Isaac 34, 90, 152
Northoff, Georg 69, 118
novelty 49, 62, 85, 93, 98, 114; see also possibility
objectivity 260; and subjectivity 46, 70–71, 100, 117, 180, 181, 188–189, 191, 208, 323–324, 327
others (aside from one’s own self) 229–230, 248–255; as source of concepts 281; as source of social aspect of self 233–234; uniqueness and dignity of 229; see James, William: prejudices of
Paivio, Alan 132
Palmer, George Herbert 22
Peirce, Charles S. 5, 281, 291, 303
Pepper, Stephen C. viii, 116
perception 96–101, 330; and reality 265, 318–319; and selection 33, 118, 119; and sensation 96–97, 126; see also cognition; constancy of size and shape; emotion
Perry, Ralph Barton xi, 22, 48, 127, 273, 275, 291
personality 229, 246; multiple 246–247; see also self: identify of
perspective (point of view) 35–36, 89, 105, 110, 119, 120, 167, 191, 207, 229, 230, 235, 263–264, 266, 267, 270, 275, 287, 314–315; importance to James of 4–5, 26, 28–30, 207; see also attention: and interest; consciousness: and interest; consciousness: selectivity of; selection: and consciousness
phenomenology 35, 55, 69, 175, 284, 303, 323, 330
philosophy 5, 7, 36, 303; and psychology 38–41, 303; see psychology: and metaphysics; psychology: and philosophical reflection
Picasso, Pablo 121
Plato viii, 55, 114, 115, 117, 158, 285
pleasure and pain 221, 236, 263
pluralism 3, 115, 116, 180, 259, 266–267, 274, 275, 286, 314–316
Polkinghorne, Donald 331
Popper, Karl 28
Posner, Michael I. 225
Posnock, Ross 116–117, 303, 321
possibility: brain as instrument of 46, 65, 178, 225; James’s commitment to 259, 266, 268, 274, 275, 285, 314–315, 317; mind as selective of 65, 110, 179, 192, 219; mind as theatre of 58, 76, 93, 192, 205; vs. soul as source of 241
pragmatism 3, 7, 26–27, 74, 105, 112, 116, 151, 152, 158, 169, 180, 260, 268, 278–282, 283–284, 286–288, 319–320
Pribram, Karl H. 171, 322
Prigogine, Ilya 322
Principles of Psychology, The: contemporary reception of 290–295; context of vii-viii, 7–13; historical significance of viii-ix, 294–295, 299; hypothetical revision of 48, 71–72, 305, 310, 320–331; later reputation of 292–297, 300–304; legacy of 3, 21, 30, 297, 302–304; structure of 18–21; subject matter of 16–18, 41–42, 174; see also analogical (or metaphorical) thinking: examples of; James, William: writing style of
Prinz, Jesse J. 132, 172, 325
probability 32, 167, 268, 318, 323; dramatic 274, 328–331
psychical research 10, 201–202, 230, 298
psychology: and metaphysics 38–41, 48, 53, 240, 306–310; and methods of investigation 29–36; philosophical reflection in 40, 47; and positivism 39–41, 48–49, 53–54, 56, 245, 306, 309, 310; and radical empiricism 305–308, 310, 320–326, 329; as science 38–39, 41, 306–310; see philosophy: and psychology
Putnam, James J. 59
Putnam, Hilary viii, xi, 114–115, 286, 293, 304
radical empiricism 3, 41, 44, 48, 55, 69–72, 86, 94, 116, 259, 265–267, 274, 277, 286, 305–306, 321–331; development of James’s 308–320; see psychology: and radical empiricism
realism 99–100, 104, 230; vs. naïve 116; perceptual 114–115, 119, 124, 189
reality 112, 114, 116, 124, 125, 139, 159, 169, 181, 187–189, 191, 207, 209, 259–273, 275, 284, 318, 328; see attention: and reality; belief: and reality; will: and reality
reasoning 36, 152–157, 192; limits of 168
reflex action 15, 59–60, 74–75, 79, 150–151
Richardson, Robert D. xi, xii, 84, 249, 252, 303
Robinson, Marilynne viii, 304
Romanes, George 152
Rorty, Richard viii, xi, 286, 304
Royce, Josiah 318
Ryle, Gilbert 327
Sacks, Oliver viii, 203, 304
sameness: conceptual 102–105, 119, 155; perceptual 100, 262; personal 241, 245; and sense of reality 188; see self: identity of
Santayana, George 293, 300–301
Sarbin, Theodore R. 234, 331
Schiller, F. C. S. 320
Schopenhauer, Arthur 47, 194–195
Seigfried, Charlene Haddock xi, 23, 116, 127, 251, 252–253, 287, 292–293
selection: and consciousness 19, 33–34, 46, 65, 98–99, 101, 106, 250–251; and preperception 119–120; and reality 278–279; and reasoning 155; and self 19
self 205, 220, 228–248; and body 161, 229, 231–233, 237–238, 240, 243–245; continuous with wider self, 299–300, 316–318; empirical aspect of 230–239; esteem of 234; as fiction 242; identity of 66–67, 102, 239–247; as immediate datum of psychology 181, 228–229; material aspect of 232–233, 238–239; multiple 245–247; mutations of 230–231, 245–248; primary vs. secondary 181, 198, 201, 230, 245–247; as pure ego 230–231, 234–236, 239–245; and reality 262; redefined 316, 325–326; self-estimation 238–239; self-seeking 238–239; social aspect of 233–234, 239; spiritual aspect of 234–239; warmth and intimacy of 138, 240–241
sensation 94–97; and brain 133–135; and language 128–129; vs. perception 96–97, 126; primacy of 94, 110–111, 113, 125, 230; subject matter for physiological investigation 95; see cognition
Shakespeare, William 90, 152, 248
Shusterman, Richard 69, 161, 232, 321
Skinner, B. F. 81
Socrates 68
soul 10, 16–17, 39–40, 47, 56, 66, 234–235, 236, 239–242; unnecessary for psychology 241–242, 299
space 68; concept of 284; sense of 117–121
Spence, Donald P. 331
Spencer, Herbert 9, 43, 57, 77, 94, 98, 140, 206–207
Spinoza, Baruch 324
Stein, Gertrude viii, 121, 175, 304
Stevens, Wallace viii, 304
subconsciousness 47, 174, 181, 189, 193–194, 198–204, 229, 246, 298–300, 317, 325
subjectivity 236; see objectivity: and subjectivity
Sully, James 9
Taylor, Eugene xi, 20, 204, 298, 306, 317
Thompson, Richard F. 63
Thorndike, Edward L. 81, 294
thought: and habit 81–85; limits of 276; two kinds of 91–92; see cognition; consciousness; knowledge; language: and thought; reasoning
time 68; concept of 284; remembered 124–125, 141; sense of 117–119, 135–137
Tinbergen, Niko 75
Tomkins, Silvan S. 172
truth 3, 131, 139, 159, 164, 169, 249, 263, 268, 273, 284, 301; and belief 260, 267, 282–283; according to James 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 47, 105, 111, 112, 115, 277–278, 285, 288, 290, 291, 313, 318; vs. usefulness 268
unconsciousness 46–47, 174, 193–198, 203–204; see habit: and unconsciousness
Varela, Francisco J. 232
Vygotsky, Lev viii
Watson, John B. 73
Wegner, Daniel M. 225
Weismann, August 78
White, Morton 287–288
Whitehead, Alfred North viii, 116, 275, 285, 304, 310, 325
Wild, John 284
will 20, 80, 81, 161, 205–206, 213–223, 224–227; and action 213–214, 222–223; and attention 190, 221–223; and belief 212, 261–262; and consent 222, 224; and deliberation 217–220; disturbances of 220; and feeling of effort 219–223; and ideo-motor theory 214–216; and reality 222, 265; see also consciousness: causal efficacy of; mind: freedom of
Wilshire, Bruce xi, 55, 69, 100, 238, 275, 321
Wittgenstein, Ludwig viii, 35, 276, 284, 304
Wordsworth, William 22, 159, 208, 280
Wundt, Wilhelm 9, 97, 118, 296