| anthemion | A decorative pattern comprising honeysuckle flowers and palm leaves (see Fig 4.16. top left and Fig 4.17. bottom left). |
| arcade | A row of arches and columns. |
| architrave | The lowest part of the entablature and the moulded surround of a doorway or window. |
| ashlar | Blocks of smooth stone masonry with fine joints. |
| astylar | A façade with no vertical features like columns. |
| atrium | A top-lit court rising through a number of storeys. |
| balustrade | A row of decorated uprights (balusters) with a rail along the top. |
| bonding | The way bricks are arranged in a wall with the different patterns formed by alternate layers of headers (short end of a brick) and stretchers (long side of a brick). Flemish bond with rows of alternate headers and stretchers was dominant in this period (see Fig 3.13). |
| bow window | A projecting window which is bow-shaped in plan. |
| capital | The decorated top of a column. |
| caryatids | Female figures supporting an entablature. |
| casement | A window which is hinged at the side. |
| Coade stone | A form of ceramic stone which was made in the late 18th and early 19th centuries and named after its original manufacturer, Eleanor Coade. |
| coffered ceiling | A ceiling with sunken panels and large concave coving. |
| colonnade | A row of columns supporting an entablature. |
| cornice | Top section of an entablature. It also features around the top of interior and exterior walls. |
| console | An ornamental bracket. |
| dormer window | An upright window set in the angle of the roof, casting light into attic bedrooms (from the French verb dormer ‘to sleep’). |
| double pile | A house which is two rooms deep. |
| drip moulding | A moulding running along the top of a window to protect it from the rain. |
| eaves | The roof overhang projecting over the wall. |
| entablature | The horizontal feature supported by columns in an ancient temple. |
| entasis | A straight-sided column appears to curve inwards so Greeks made them slightly thicker in the middle to counter this effect. |
| fanlight | A rectangular or arched window above a front door which helps cast light into the hall beyond (named after the fanshaped versions popular in the 18th century; before this they are referred to as over lights). |
| fluting | Vertical concave grooves running up a column or pilaster. |
| frieze | The central band of the entablature. |
| gable | The triangular-shaped top of an end wall between the slopes of a roof. |
| hipped roof | A roof with a slope on all four sides. A gabled roof has two vertical end walls (gables). |
| jambs | The sides of a door or window opening. |
| lantern | A small tower on top of a dome which lets in light, illuminating the interior. |
| lintel | A flat beam which is fitted above a doorway or window to take the load of the wall above. |
| loggia | A gallery or corridor open on one side with a row of columns. |
| mansard roof | A roof with a steep-sided lower section and low-pitched top part which creates more space in the attic below. |
| moulding | A decorative strip raised above the wall surface. |
| mullion | The vertical bars of a window. |
| oculus | A circular opening, often on a dome or mansard roof. |
| orders | The different styles and proportions of the plinth, column and entablature from classical architecture. |
| parapet | A low wall running along the edge of the roof above the main wall. |
| pediment | A low-pitched triangular feature on the top of a portico, doorway or parapet. |
| piano nobile | The first floor on which the principal rooms are contained. |
| pilaster | A flat column projecting slightly from the wall, with the same treatment at the top and bottom as a freestanding column. |
| portico | A porch with a flat entablature or triangular pediment supported on columns. |
| plinth | The projecting base of a wall or the block on which a column stands. |
| quoins | Dressed or raised stones at the corner of buildings. |
| reeding | Strips of convex beading set parallel to each other, usually on an architrave. |
| rustication | The cutting of masonry or stucco into blocks separated by deep lines and sometimes with a rough hewn finish; usually only on the ground floor. |
| sash | A frame with glazing which slides vertically (two overlapping ones are set within a sash box to form a sash window). |
| segmental arch | A bow-shaped arch which is formed from a segment of a larger arch. |
| sill/cill | The horizontal beam at the bottom of a window or door. |
| stucco | A smooth plaster rendering which imitated fine-cut stone. |
| tracery | The glazing bars of a window which are formed into patterns. |
| tympanum | The flat triangular space within a pediment or arch. |
| vault | An arched ceiling formed from brick or stone. |
| Venetian windows | A window in three vertical sections, the centre one being taller and arched. |