Contents

  1. Preface
  2. Acknowledgments
  3. Prologue: What’s All the Fuss About?
  4.   1 What Is Artificial Intelligence?
  5.   2 Transparency
  6.   3 Bias
  7.   4 Responsibility and Liability
  8.   5 Control
  9.   6 Privacy
  10.   7 Autonomy
  11.   8 Algorithms in Government
  12.   9 Employment
  13. 10 Oversight and Regulation
  14. Epilogue
  15. About the Authors
  16. Index

List of Figures

Figure 1.1

Examples of the Gompertz curve, a mathematical function mapping age onto probability of dying.

Figure 1.2

A function defining a relation between people’s height and weight, learned by linear regression from the data points shown in black.

Figure 1.3

A simple decision tree for predicting a prisoner’s reoffending.

Figure 1.4

A simple feedforward network.

Figure 2.1

The various senses of transparency.

Figure 5.1

Presence (i) and danger of complacency (ii) as a function of system reliability. The dashed line represents near perfect (better-than-human) reliability.

List of Table

Table 1.1

Confusion Matrix for a Fraud Detection Algorithm

List of Boxes

Box 2.1

Administrative Law and the Difference between “Appeal” and “Review”

Box 5.1

Breaking Down the Control Problem