Abwehr (Army Intelligence Service), 65
Ação Integralista Brasileira. See Integralistas
Airlines, Brazilian control of, 78, 112, 137
Allies
Azores, strategic importance to, 109–110, 187–188, 196, 217–218
Battle of the Atlantic, 176
Operation Torch, 177–178
propaganda program of, 104
use of Brazilian bases and ports by, 70, 182
Alsina, 158
Americo, José, 248
Aníbal Benévolo, 165
Anti-Totalitarian Student Rally, 152
Aranha, Manuel, 25
Aranha, Osvaldo
aboard USS General Mann, Photo 12
Brazil-US partnership, vision of, 195–196
break with Axis powers, blame for, 135
Caffrey, relationship with, 31, 32, 39, 53, 58, 62, 73, 107–108, 116, 185, 203
declaration of war, call for, 166
disparagement of on German radio broadcasts, 152
Dutra, dispute with over student rally, 152–153
Dutra, relationship with, 116
Eduardo Gomes, support for as president, 249–250
expeditionary force, support for, 211
as first president of United Nations, xiv
with Jefferson Caffery, Photo 4
joint radio address with Orson Welles, 28, 143–144
leadership during Vargas recuperation, 150–151
as “left eye of Vargas,” 27, 210
letter to Sumner Welles about arms, 39–40
on list of armaments from US, 134–136
Manuel Aranha conflict and, 25
as minister of finance, 277
Navy Day speech, handling of reactions to, 58–60
Nazi invasion of Brazil, fear of, 40
objectives, list of, xiv–xv, 29, 289
Orson Welles, friendship with, 142, Photo 13
personality of, 27–29
police chief, power struggle with, 236–237
reading of Vargas’ last message by, 285
reconciliation with Vargas, 277
resignation, interview about, 248
resignation as foreign minister, 235
retirement from politics, 290
Siqueira Campos crisis, management of, 73–76, 78–81
smear campaign against Vargas, 238
Society of Friends of America and, 237
Soviet Union, support for recognition of, 236
steel mill, negotiations with US for, 62
United States, relationship with, 26, 98, 116–117, 219
on US troop deployment request, 107
Vargas, friendship with, 30
at Vargas’ final cabinet meeting, 281–282
Vargas-Roosevelt meeting, memorandum for, 185, 195
with Walt Disney, Photo 10
war rally speech, 222
on wartime fuel shortage, 194
Arará, 165
Araraquara, 165
Argentina
alliance with Allies, 254
Brazil’s fear of invasion by, 3, 117, 170, 176, 197
as haven for ex-Nazis, 253
Jewish immigrants in, 159
Navy Day speech, reaction to, 56–57
pro-Nazi attitude of, xiv, 98, 119, 125, 126–127, 131
rivalry with Brazil, 2–3, 173, 197–198, 289
United States, relationship with, 277
US postwar policy toward, 253
Arms, Brazil’s need for, xiii, 39–41, 64, 69, 70–71, 75, 87–88, 93, 111, 121–124, 187
Army chief of staff, attack on residence of, 15
Associated Press
on Navy Day speech, 56
on Roosevelt-Vargas agreement, 191
Astaire, Fred, xi
Atlantic, Battle of the, 176
Avenida President Vargas, 37
Avenida Rio Branco, 37–38
Axis powers
breaking relations with, 121, 130–131
influence of in Latin America, 6
influence on immigrant colonies in Brazil, 5, 45, 46
seizure of assets by Brazil, 146
Azores, 109–110, 187–188, 196, 217–218
Baependy, 165
Belém, Brazil, 95
Belgium, 51
Belo Horizonte, 280
Berle, Adolf, 251–252, 268, 269, 274
Bittencourt, Paulo, 90–91
Botafogo Beach, Brazil, Photo 5
Brandão, Mário de Pimentel, 42
Brasília, ix
Brazil
achievements of, 289–290
anti-German feeling in, 138
Argentina, rivalry with, 2–3, 173, 197–198, 289
arms, purchase of from Germany, xiii, 4, 31, 40–41, 64, 69, 75
arms, purchase of from US, 39–40, 69, 93, 121–124
Axis assets, seizure of, 146
Axis influence on immigrant colonies in, 5, 45, 46
Axis powers, breaking relations with, 121, 130–131
communists in, xii–xiii, 8, 86, 247, 262, 276
as democracy, 276
democracy in, speculation about, 26, 160, 178, 199, 216–217, 221
deployment of US troops in, 119, 137
expeditionary force, establishment of (See Força Expedicionária Brasileira (FEB))
financial crisis, 276
foreign ministers conference in, 122–123, 125, 130
formation of joint force, 176
Germany, importance of trade with, 43
Germany, relationship with, 31–32
Great Britain, relationship with, 29, 93
gross national product (GDP) of, x
immigrant communities in, 44–48, 52, 275
infrastructure, development of, 63
Italy, relationship with, 24–25
Jewish immigrants, number admitted, 159
lend-lease agreements with US, 111, 129, 137
national steel company, establishment of, 63
neutrality, rationale for, 42–44
neutrality, reaction to declaration of, 50
objectives of, xiv–xv, 29, 289
political crisis in, 262
postwar economic situation of, 271
press freedom in, 89
Roosevelt’s death, effect of on, 255
strategic importance of, 98
support for US, 120–121
suspension of shipping to US by, 146
trading markets, loss of due to war, 51
United States, relationship with, 7, 41, 43, 112, 118–119, 137, 152, 199–200, 220–221, 251, 277–278
US, wartime support of, 120–121
Vargas’ accident, political consequences of, 151
Brazil: Land of the Future (Zweig), 156
Brazilian National Security Council, 119
“Brazil’s Pearl Harbor,” 166
Bulge, Battle of the, 246
Burdett (American chargé d’affaires), 75–76
Cabo de Hornos, 158
Caffery, Jefferson
Aranha, relationship with, 31, 32, 39, 53, 58, 62, 73, 107–108, 116, 185, 203, 219
on Aranha’s resignation, 236–239
on Brazil-US arms deal, 110–112
on Brazil’s desire for arms, 39
on Brazil’s pre-war strategy, 43
cost of living, complaints about, 193–194
departure from Rio, 251
description of, 30–31
on immigrant communities, lack of information about, 47
interpretation of Vargas’ speech, 55–56, 58
at meeting with Roosevelt in Natal, 184–187, 190
with Osvaldo Aranha, Photo 4
praise for cooperation by Vargas and Aranha, 151
at President’s Day event, 145
on press freedom, 153
Rockefeller and, 99
steel mill project and, 61, 62
summer residence, requests for, 85
US request for troop deployment, 107–108
Cairu, 138
Campbell, Sir Ronald, 188, 218
Campos, Francisco, 12, 13, 153, 155, 160, 242, 247
Cape Verde Islands, 109
Carioca, Joe (cartoon), 103
Cariocas (residents of Rio), lifestyle of, 48, 49, 82–84, 180–182, 194
Carnaval, ix, 37, 141, 142, 223, 243, 274
Carnegie Foundation, 201
Casablanca Conference, Morocco (1942), 185, 186
Castillo, Ramón, 119
Catete Palace, 13–14
Catholic Church, 270
Charles, Sir Noel, 31
Churchill, Winston, 4, 110, 185, 186, 187, 244
Ciano, Galeazzo, 24
Cidade Maravilhosa, ix
Citizen Kane (film), 139–140
Cohen Plan, 8
Communism, 101
Communists, xii–xiii, 8, 17, 86, 247, 262, 276
Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional, 63
Conference of the American Republics, 6
Constituent assembly, 264, 268
Constitutional amendment No. 9, 249
Copacabana Palace Hotel, xi, 83, 95, 103, 139, 288, Photo 2
Correio da Manhã (newspaper)
attack on President Vargas, 248
on conquest of Monte Castello, 256
on death of Franklin D. Roosevelt, 254
on deposition of Vargas, 268
Corruption, government officials and, 223, 271
Cost of living increases, 193–194, 243
Costa, Artur de Souza, 134, 136
Costa, Euclides Zenóbia da, 282, 283, 284
Crete, 106
Critica (Buenos Aires newspaper), on Navy Day speech, 57
Cunha, Leitão de, 152–153
Curação, 158
Cuyaba, 168
D-Day landings in France, 227
Dantas, Luis Martins de Souza, 157–159
De Gaulle, Charles, 185
Decree 383, restricting foreign political activity (1938), 31, 46
Decree 3002, establishing a national steel company (1941), 63
Decree 4744, establishing an expeditionary force (1943), 211
Decree-Law 3175, restricting Jewish immigration (1941), 155
Denmark, 51
Department of Press and Propaganda (DIP), 60, 80, 104–105, 122, 141, 203, 211, 248
Diário Carioca (newspaper)
attempt at more press freedom, 153
on cost of housing in wartime, 194
support for Vargas, 90
Diário de Notícias (newspaper)
on Brazil’s entry into war, 170
praise for Jews in, 159
on presidential election, 271
DIP. See Department of Press and Propaganda
Disney, Walt, ix, 102–103, Photo 10
Donovan, William “Wild Bill,” 96–97, 174
Draft dodging, 213
Dulles, John, 12
Dutra, Eurico Gaspar
Allied war effort, reluctance to join, 151, 167, 169
Aranha, relationship with, 116
attacks on British in press, 89
attempted coup, intervention in, 18–20
blame of Aranha for break with Axis powers, 135
expeditionary force, leadership of, 214
expeditionary force, negotiations with US for, 212
Fournier, negotiations concerning, 25
Germany, interest in ties with, 27, 41, 215
Goés Monteiro, relationship with, 177, 215
Góes Monteiro Draft, signing of, 70
London, trip to, 244
Manuel Aranha conflict, 25
on military unpreparedness, 120
new constitution, support for, 242
news articles, anger at, 90, 92
plan for mobilizing Brazil’s military, 184, 210–211
president, election as, 270–271
as presidential candidate, 250, 263
resignation, threats of, 86, 88
at Rubens Vaz’s funeral, 279
as sacrificial lamb, 244–245, 250
ship attacks, assignment of blame for, 167
Soviet Union, opposition to recognition of, 236
student rally, dispute with Aranha over, 152–153
troops in Italy, visit to, 233
US and Britain, distrust of, 71, 73
US press comments, reaction to, 57
Dutra, Santinha, 245
Einstein, Albert, 155
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 277
Elections, uncertainty about, 268
Emergency Advisory Committee for Political Defense of the Americas, 240
Estado Novo
anti-Jewish, perception as, 158
democracy, effect of on, 160, 178, 199, 224
five-year plan, 60
internal divisions in, 151
legacies of, 63
legitimacy of, 32–33
rationale for, 44
sixth anniversary of, 216
steel mill, importance of, 60
xenophobia of, 154
Expeditionary force. See Força Expedicionária Brasileira (FEB)
Fairbanks, Douglas Jr., xi, 201–202
Farias, Osvaldo Cordeiro de, 265–266, 268
Favelas (samba clubs of), 141, 142
FEB. See Força Expedicionária Brasileira
Fifth column, 89, 167, 175, 222
Financial crisis, 276
Flamengo Beach, 48
Fluminense Soccer Club, tunnel to, 16
Flynn, Errol, 201–202
Fontes, Lourival, 104–105, 153, 160
Food, increase in prices of, 194, 223
Food, shortages of, 223, 262, 271
Força Expedicionária Brasileira (FEB)
in Battle of Monte Castello, 255–256
British view of, 228
casualty rate of, 234, 255, 257
conscription of, 231
disbanding of, 257
equipment and training for, 211–212, 214, 224, 228, 230, 232–233
establishment of, 211
farewell parade through Rio, 228–229
at Italian front, 232, 234, 255–257, Photo 14
leadership of, 214
slogan of, 230
victory parade, 257
Foreign ministers conference, 119, 122–123, 125, 130
Fortunato, Gregório, 279
France, entry into war, 49
Franco, Francisco, 40
Friele, Berent, 99
Fuel shortages, 138, 147, 194, 261, 272
Gable, Clark, xi
Gainer, David, 264
Gaúchos, xii
Gazetta (newspaper), anti-Semitism in, 154
General Mann (ship), 227, 229–230
Germany
attacks on Brazilian shipping by, 138, 144, 146, 151, 160, 165–166
invasion of Poland by, xiii, 39, 41–42, 51
propaganda campaigns by, 100–102, 152
rearmament program of, 4
relationship with Brazil, 31–32
reply to Brazil’s declaration of war, 171–172
rise of Nazi party in, 3–4
sale of arms to Brazil, xiii, 4, 64, 69
seizure of northern Italy by, 209
threat of invasion of the Americas by, 107
Gibralter, 67
Giraud, Henri, 185
Góes Monteiro Draft (1940), 70
Goés Montiero. See Monteiro, Pedro Aurélio de Góes
Gomes, Eduardo
British opinion of, 249
defeat of in 1950 election, 273
demand that Vargas resign, 280
as presidential election favorite, 269–270
at Rubens Vaz’s funeral, 279
support of military coup, 266
tribute to Roosevelt in newspaper, 254
US opinion of, 249
Good Neighbor Program, 1–2, 4, 62, 96, 98, 139, 252
Great Britain
analysis of German community in Rio Grande do Sul, 47–48
Aranha, opinion of, 29
Bagé crisis, 88–89
Brazilian press, subsidy of, 154
Caffrey, opinion of, 30–31
entry into war, 49
future political reform in Brazil, opinion of, 226–227
Gomes, opinion of, 249
ministry of economic warfare, 66, 67, 68, 77, 93
naval blockades by, 64–66, 77, 86
Queremistas, assessment of, 262–263
relationship with Brazil, 29, 93, 227
Guanabara Palace
attack on, 14–20
as Vargas residence, 13–14
view of presidential residence, Photo 1
Guggenheim, Solomon R., 201
Hailey, Foster, 226
Halifax, Lord (Edward Frederick Lindley Wood), 77, 78
Hitler, Adolf
defeat of, 246
desire for closer ties with Brazil, 31
expansionist agenda of, 39
failure to invade Azores, 188
message from Vargas, 105–106
rise to power, 3–4
suicide of, 256
U-boat attacks on Brazilian shipping, 151
Hoover, Herbert, 1
Hopkins, Harry, 185
Hotel Gloria, 95
Housing, rise in cost of, 194, 271
Hughes, Charles Evans, 1
Hull, Cordell
foreign ministers conference resolutions, reaction to, 128
Latin America, analysis of, 6
on Portuguese islands, defense of, 109–110
reaction to Vargas’ speech, 55, 58, 59
reassurance of delivery of arms, 136
resignation of, 252
on Siqueira Campos incident, 74, 78
Welles, rivalry with, 96
Humboldt, 185
Immigrant communities, 5, 44–48, 52, 275
Ingram, Jonas H.
aboard USS General Mann, Photo 12
as architect of US-Brazilian naval defenses, 178, 182
at Caffery’s dinner party, 193, 195, 199, 200
as chief of allied forces in the South Atlantic, 151, 176
as naval advisor to Vargas, 148
at Vargas-Roosevelt meeting, 184, 189
Integralistas, 8, 17, 23, 32, 86, 112, 122
Itagiba, 165
Italy
alliance with Axis, 51
as destination of expeditionary force, 228
relationship with Brazil, 24–25
surrender of, 209
Itamaraty Palace, 37
Itapé, 77
It’s All True (film), 142
Jewish Colonization Organization, 157
Jews, in Brazil
growing tolerance for, 159–160
number of, 155–156
refugees, 156–159
travel and residency restrictions on, 154–155
treatment of, 156
Jornal do Brasil (newspaper)
on Allied successes, 178
on Roosevelt’s visit to Natal, 191
on Vargas’ resignation, 268
Jouett, 184
Krupp steel company, 60, 61, 62, 69
Labor Party, 262
Lacerda, Carlos, 278
Lacerda shooting scandal, 278–279
Latin America, distrust of US, 2, 6, 71, 178
League of Nations, 185
Leitchic, Marc, 157
Leme Fort, 18
Liga de Defesa Nacional, 222
Lojacono, Vincenzo, 24–25
Lothian, Lord (Philip Henry Kerr), 74
Luxembourg, 51
Machado, Cristiano, 273
Machedo, José Eduardo de, 153
Madeira (island), 187
Marshall Plan, 277
Military forces
acceptance of arms situation, 92–93
Allied war effort, reluctance to join, 151, 169
anger of over Siqueira Campos deal, 81, 84
Argentina, comparison to, 197–198
blame of Aranha for break with Axis powers, 135
Brazilian air force, training of, 230
conflict with press, 90
criticism of by Góes Monteiro, 177
demand for Vargas’ resignation, 279–280, 281
desire to buy German arms, 70–71, 111
perceived threat of Argentine invasion, 176
political attacks on Aranha, 150
pro-Nazi orientation of, 4, 7, 41, 71, 105
support for democratic government by, 241–242
unpreparedness of, 40, 117–118, 120, 146
Miller, Lehman W., 70, 111–112
Minas Gerais, xii
Minas Gerais (ship), 52, 53, 55, 56, 59
Ministry of economic warfare, 66, 67, 68, 77, 93
Miranda, Carmen, 201
Monte Castello, Battle of, 232
Monteiro, Pedro Aurélio de Góes
as ambassador to Emergency Advisory Committee for Political Defense of the Americas, 240
Argentine threat, comments on, 198
on arms deal with US, 111
arms issue, anger over, 87
attacks on British in press, 89
criticism of military by, 177
decision to depose Vargas, 265
democratic reform, support for, 241–242
Dutra, relationship with, 177, 215
entering war, view of, 167, 183
expeditionary force, criticism of, 215
on military unpreparedness, 120
with Nelson Rockefeller and Sumner Welles, Photo 6
news articles, anger at, 57, 90, 92
pro-Axis leanings of, 41
refusal to run for president, 263
resignation of, 215
ship attacks, assignment of blame for, 167
on Siqueira Campos, release of, 76, 78–80
US and Britain, distrust of, 71, 73
on US request to deploy troops, 108
Vargas’ speech, reaction to, 58
Washington, visit to, 70–73
Morais, João Baptista Mascarenhas de, 214, 230, 256, Photo 15
Müller, Filinto, 105, 152–153, 160
Museum of Modern Art (MOMA), 201
Mussolini, Benito, 51, 56, 209
Naples, Italy, 230
Natal, Brazil, 109, 176, 178, 184
Nattier, Frank, 99
Naval blockades, 64–66
Naval ministry, capture of, 15
Navy Day speech
content of, 53–55
international reaction to, 55–57
Vargas’ apology to President Roosevelt, 59–60
Nazi party
election of in Germany, 3–4
influence of in Brazil, 45
parade in Rio Grande do Sul, Photo 8
prohibition of in Brazil, 46
Netherlands, 51
New York Herald Tribune, on Navy Day speech, 57
New York Times
on Navy Day speech, 57
on political reform in Brazil, 225–226
on Roosevelt’s visit to Natal, 191
New Yorker, on Nelson Rockefeller, 138
Newsprint, shortage of, 147
Noel, Charles, 150
North African campaign, 185, 190, 209
Norway, 51
O Cruzeiro do Sul (newspaper), on conquest of Monte Castello, 256
Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 96
Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs, 100, 139, 200–201
Operation Pot of Gold, 106
Pan American Airways, 95
Paraguay, 110
Paris, France, liberation of, 235
Paulistas, xii
Pearl Harbor, attack on by Japan, 115
Peixoto, Alzira Vargas do Amaral
description of, 11
as father’s advisor, 26, 247, 264, 284
as father’s aide, 58, 62, 108, 116, 126, 132, 135, 210, 277
as guardian of father’s legacy, 291
with her father, Photo 3
on Jewish refugees, 158
Nelson Rockefeller, regard for, 174
as “right eye of Vargas,” 21, 210
role of during attack on palace, 12, 14–20
samba with Douglas Fairbanks Jr., 202
at Vargas’ final cabinet meeting, 281–282
on Vargas’ message to Hitler, 106
Peixoto, Ernâni do Amaral, 90, 152, 247, 281
Perón, Juan, 253
Petrópolis, 84–85
Poland, invasion of, xiii, 39, 41–42, 51
Police chief, attack on residence of, 15
Portaria 4941 (1941), granting permanent visas during wartime, 156
Portugal
grant of Allied access to bases in Azores, 217–218
persistence in selling wolfram to Germany, 218
Praça Onze, 142
Presidential election of 1930, xii
Presidential election of 1945, 269–270
Presidential election of 1950, 273
Presidential elections, controversy over, 262, 268
Presidential guard
disbanding of, 280
Press freedom, 89, 153, 206, 248
Prestes, Júlio, xii
Preston, Hart, 103
Proclaimed list, 219–220
Profiteering, 223–224, 243, 271
Radio, importance of, 44–45
Radio stations, seizure of, 15
Reis, Ernâni, 155
“Revolution of the cowards,” 14–20, 24
Rio de Janeiro
blackouts in, 180–182
as center of Brazilian power, ix
as Cidade Maravilhosa, ix
cost of living increases in, 193–194, 223, 243
in 1930s, x–xi
summer in, 82–84
Rio Grande do Sul, xii, 46–48, 261, Photo 8
Rio Negro Palace, 84, 248, 253
Ritter, Karl, 45–46
RKO Pictures, 139
Rockefeller, Nelson
ad campaign, 99–100
as assistant secretary of state for American regional affairs, 252–253
Caffery, relationship with, 103, 104
as coordinator of inter-American affairs, 95–100, 102, 104, 174–175, 200–201
cultural program of, 201
Donovan, relationship with, 97
popularity of, 137, 138–139, 174
report on Brazil’s impact on war, 175
rubber workers, improvement of condition for, 202–203
with Sumner Welles and Góes Monteiro, Photo 6
at Vargas’ 1950 inauguration, 273
Welles, relationship with, 96, 97, 100
Rockefeller Foundation, 203
Rogers, Ginger, xi
Rome, liberation of by Allies, 227
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
on arms shipments, increase in, 124–126, 189
on Azores, defense of, 109–110, 188–189
Brazil, policy toward, 33
Brazilian steel mill project and, 62
Charlottesville speech, 59
“Day of Infamy” speech, 118
death of, 254
Getúlinho, offer of medical assistance for, 190
inaugural speech, 1
interpersonal conflicts, handling of, 96–97, 128
meeting with Vargas in Natal, 185–190
Orson Welles, request of to make Brazil film, 140
Rubber Month, letter to Vargas about, 204
on US troop deployment in Brazil, 108–109
on USS Humboldt, Photo 11
Vargas, relationship with, 98–99
visit to Brazil in 1933, 5–6
Rubber industry
film about, 202
Rubber Month, 203–205
synthetic rubber and, 205–206
wartime importance of, 203–205
working conditions in, 203, 206
Salazar, António de Oliveira, 187–188, 217, 219
Salgado, Plínio, 32
Salgado Filho, Joaquim Pedro, 93
Samba music, 141
São Paulo, Brazil, xii, 105, 154, 184, 250, 262
Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or MI6), 65
Semana da Pátria, 48
Shipping
German attacks on, 144, 146, 151, 160, 165–166
public reaction to attacks on, 166, 168
retaliation for attacks on, 168
suspension of by Brazil, 146
Siqueira Campos crisis
Aranha’s strategy for, 74
British assets, threatened seizure of, 76, 80
British blockade of Lisbon, 65–66
British compromise offer, 78–79
British view of, 76
impoundment of Siqueira Campos, 67
release of Siqueira Campos, 80–81
United States participation in, 66–67, 74–75, 77, 79, 80
Society of Friends of America, 237
Soviet Union
comparison to Brazil, 226
entry into war, 106
Kiev, liberation of by, 209
liberation of Poland by, 246
Stalin, Joseph, 222
Steel mill, at Volta Redonda, 63, 86, 275, 290
Stettinius, Edward Jr., 253–254
Time magazine, on rubber industry, 205–206
Transport situation, 271
Tribuna da Imprensa (newspaper), criticism of Vargas in, 278
Truman, Harry, 269
U-507, 165
U-Boats, 146, 148, 151, 159, 165, 176, 184, 187, 229
Unconditional surrender, doctrine of, 185
United Nations, xiv, 185, 186–187, 196, 222
United States
arms, sale of to Brazil, 93, 129
Brazil, relationship with, 112, 118–119, 137, 199–200, 220–221, 251, 277–278
Brazil, strategic importance of, 98, 217–218
Brazil-Argentina rivalry, assessment of, 197–199
Brazilian elections, expectations for, 268
Brazilian expeditionary force and, 212, 214
concern about Dutra and Góes Monteiro, 175–176
coup, reaction to, 269
disappointment in Brazilian troops, 231
distrust of Goés Monteiro, 71–72
Dutra, unfavorable perception of by, 215
focus on spread of communism, 277
Germany, invasion of by, 246
Gomes, opinion of, 249
Good Neighbor Program, 1–2, 4, 62
Latin American distrust of, 2, 6, 71, 91, 178
Navy Day speech, reaction to, 55–59
predictions of future Brazilian demands, 172–173
proclaimed list, 219–220
Siqueira Campos crisis, participation in, 66–67, 74–75, 77, 79, 80
steel mill, loan for construction of, 61
troop deployment in Brazil, 119, 137
United States Steel Corporation, 60, 61
Uprising of May 11, 1938, 14–20, 22
US bases in Brazil, fate of, 251
Vargas, Alzira. See Peixoto, Alzira Vargas do Amaral
Vargas, Benjamin
appointment as chief of police, 264
assessment of by US and Britain, 237
Góes Monteiro, inflammatory comments to, 264
at Guanabara Palace attack, 15
influence of, 277
informing Vargas of deposition, 284–285
presidential guard, establishment of, 18, 20–21
presidential guard, head of, 279
Queremistas, recruitment of, 263
resignation of Aranha and, 240
rumors of profiteering by, 243
summons by air force investigators, 284
unreliability of, 247
Vargas, Darci Lima Sarmanho, 26, 84, 87, 192, 238
Vargas, Getúlio Dornelles, pre-war period
on acquiring German arms, 87–88
Allies, alliance with, xiv
with Alzira, Photo 3
Aranha, friendship with, 30
attempted coup against, 14–20, 32
automobile accident, 149–150
Azores, on defense of, 110
deployment of US troops, agreement to, 137
description of, xi–xii
dictator, establishment as, xiii, 7
Dutra-Aranha cabinet crisis, 25–26
Dutra’s resignation, refusal of, 92
economic strategy of, xiv, 12, 41, 43, 49, 106
at foreign ministers conference, 123
as governor of Rio Grande do Sul, xii
Hitler, distrust of, 46
Jewish refugees, lack of interest in, 157, 160
minister of aviation, appointment of, 93–94
movies, enjoyment of, 103
neutrality, cabinet meeting on, 44
political enemies of, 17
rise to power, xii–xiii
Roosevelt, apology to for Navy Day speech, 59–60
Roosevelt, radio message to, 106
Roosevelt, relationship with, 6, 98–99
ship attacks, balcony speech on, 168
steel mill negotiations, 60–63
student rally dispute, intervention in, 153
trip to Paraguay, 110
United States, suspicions of influence of, 86
US, wartime support for, 120–121
US navy, opening of ports and airfields to, 147
war, reluctance to enter, 121
Vargas, Getúlio Dornelles, World War II period
aboard USS General Mann, Photo 12
arms, request for from US, 187
on cost of living, 216
criticism of, 223
Dutra and Góes Monteiro, relationship with, 177
expeditionary force, conditional approval of, 184
on foreign policy, 239–240
Getúlinho, death of, 191
indecisiveness of, 246–247
military, speech to (1942), 182
on military cooperation with US, 190
on national unity and internal stability, 216
on participation in war, 212–213
political reform, promises of, 217, 224–225
public elections, cabinet meeting on, 248–249
Roosevelt, meeting with in Natal, 185–190
Roosevelt, relationship with, 190
Roosevelt, newspaper tribute to, 254
untrustworthy associates of, 243–244, 247
war, commitment of Brazilian soldiers to, 183
war, declaration of by, 169–170
war, estimate of length of, 191
war, positive aspects of, 221
Vargas, Getúlio Dornelles, postwar period
1950 inauguration speech, 273
accomplishments of, xv, 274–275, 290
Benjamin, as chief of police, 264
cabinet meeting about future of his presidency, 281–282
constituent assembly, endorsement of, 264
departure from Rio, 267
Dutra, endorsement of for president, 270
Dutra, withdrawal of support from, 263
elections, promises regarding, 262, 265
failing health of, 276–277, 279
funeral procession of, Photo 16
last message of, 285–287
leadership style, change in, 276
legacy of, 288
mismanagement of war by, 275, 290
paradox of, 287
presidency, return to, 273
public reaction to death of, 287
refusal to resign, 280–281
resignationdeposition of, 261, 266
senate, election to, 270
suicide of, 285
Vargas, Manuel, 279
Vargas Filho, Getúlio (Getúlinho), 87, 183, 184, 190, 191, 210
Vaz, Rubens, 278–279
Volta Redonda (city), 63
Volta Redonda steel mill, 63, 275, 290
Walsh, Robert L., 176, 193, 199, 200
Washington Accords (1942), 137
Washington Post, on political reform in Brazil, 226
Welles, Orson
Aranha, friendship with, 28–29, 142, Photo 13
on Copacabana Beach, Photo 7
as diplomat/politician/statesman, 144
film, shooting of in Rio, 139–142
joint radio address with Aranha, 28, 143–144
personality of, 140
popularity of, 145–146
President’s Day broadcast by, 145
Welles, Sumner
on arms shipments, importance of to Brazil, 123–124
final days in Rio, 133–134
Good Neighbor Program and, 4, 227
Hull, rivalry with, 96
Navy Day speech, interpretation of, 57, 59
with Nelson Rockefeller and Gen. Góes Monteiro, Photo 6
on political reform in Brazil, 226
popularity of in Rio, 227
Rockefeller, relationship with, 96, 97, 100
Siqueira Campos crisis and, 74
steel mill negotiations and, 61–62
Whitney, John Hay (Jock), 102–103, 140
Wilhelm II, Emperor, 107
Willingdon, Marquess of, 75
World War II
countries that benefited from, xiv
See also Axis powers; Força Expedicionária Brasileira; Germany; U-Boats; Vargas, Getúlio Dornelles, World War II period
Writers’ conference, 247
Aranha, Osvaldo (continued)
Military forces (continued)
Rockefeller, Nelson (continued)
Vargas, Getúlio Dornelles, pre-war period (continued)