Illustration Credits
1. Paris, France: A man throws a metal object during riots at the Paris Gare du Nord railways station, 27 March 2007. Copyright © Francois Guillot/AFP/Getty Images.
2. Policemen arrest a man during riots at the Paris Gare du Nord railways station, 27 March 2007. Copyright © Jacques Demarthon/AFP/Getty Images.
3. ‘Nick la Police’ photograph copyright © Jamie H. Gibson.
4. Jean Gabin in Pépé le Moko (1937)/Paris Film Production. Founded by brothers Robert and Raymond Hakim. Photo courtesy of the British Film Institute.
5. Fighting between the Algerian and French Troops in front of the gates of Algiers, c.1830 (colour litho), French School (19th century). Copyright © Bibliotheque des Arts Decoratifs, Paris, France/Archives Charmet/The Bridgeman Art Library.
6. Portrait of Abd el-Kader (1808–83) (oil on canvas) by Jean Baptiste Ange Tissier (1814–76). Copyright © Château de Versailles, France/Giraudon/The Bridgeman Art Library.
7. Les Femmes d’Alger/Women of Algiers in their Rooms by Eugene Delacroix (1798–1863): 1834. Paris, Louvre. Oil on canvas. cm 180 x 229 – © 2013. Photo copyright © Photo Scala, Florence.
8. Poster advertising the International Overseas Exhibition, Paris, 1931 (colour litho), Desmeures (fl.1931). Copyright © Bibliotheque Historique de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France
9. Photo of cover from Les Races Humaines reproduced courtesy of Newspapers-collection.com.
10. Cover from La Lanterne de Cagayous.
11. In the main street of Algiers, the rue Michelet, French ‘Gardes Mobiles’ try to stop young demonstrators opposing a peace plan with France. Copyright © Nicolas Tikhomiroff/Magnum Photos.
12. General Charles de Gaulle (centre) riding through street in Algiers. Copyright © Loomis Dean/Time Life Pictures/Getty Images.
13. ‘Ici On Noie Les Algeriens’: Guerre d’Algérie: vue d’un pont à Paris. Copyright © Jean Texier/Mémoire d’Humanité, Archives de la Seine St Denis.
14. Morocco under French Colonial rule – “La France va pouvoir porter librement au Maroc la civilisation, la richesse et la paix”. (Allegory of the benefits of French rule). Colour print. From Le Petit Journal, vol 22, Paris, 19 November 1911. Photo copyright © akg-images.
15. Morocco, town of Tangiers. Moroccan writer Mohamed Choukri, 1987. Photo copyright © Harry Gruyaert/Magnum Photos.
16. Tunisia – April 28: French president Nicolas Sarkozy and Mrs Carla Sarkozy’s arrival at the airport of Tunis Carthage and the reception by Mr Zine El Abidine Ben Ali president of Tunisia on April 28, 2008. Photo copyright © Olivier Sanchez/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images.
17. A man holds a poster showing a photo of Tunisian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and reading ‘Down with the dictator in Tunisia’, on January 13, 2011 in Paris, during a demonstration to protest against the repression against demonstrators in Tunisia. Photo copyright © Joel Saget/AFP/Getty Images.
18. Fresnes prison/Interior of cell. Photo copyright © Collection Dupondt/akg-images.
19. France – March 14: Aerial view of Fresnes prison in Fresnes, France on March 14, 2003. Photo copyright © Pool le Floch/TRAVERS/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images.