absolute spirit, ix, xii, xiii, xiv, xv, xvi, 7, 14, 52–53, 71, 189, 204–5, 282, 298, 363–65. See also objective spirit
actuality, xii, xiv, xix–xxviii, xxx, xxxii–xxxiii, 1, 7, 10–11, 20, 23, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42–45, 47, 49–50, 53, 61, 68–69, 71, 80, 84, 94, 118, 139, 148, 160, 164, 172–73, 185–86, 188, 194, 197, 200, 205, 223, 244–45, 273, 282, 288, 294, 296–97, 300, 302, 304, 306, 311, 313–15, 317, 320, 328–29, 332, 334, 336, 342–44, 348–49, 356–57, 366
Adorno, Theodor W., 337, 340, 352, 358, 371
Aristotle, 57–58, 61, 77, 91, 109–10, 112, 123–56, 188, 190, 216, 252, 253, 254, 255–57, 265, 310, 319–20, 371
aufheben. See sublate
autonomy, xi, xxix, 5, 18, 24, 43, 101, 114, 143, 148, 157, 161, 186–89, 191, 194, 199, 258, 262, 267, 283–84, 286, 288, 290, 292–94, 297, 299, 306, 309, 326, 331, 337–38, 344
beautiful soul, 192–93, 298, 309, 319, 347
Begriff. See concept
bourgeois, v, xiv, xxxiii, 2, 17, 41, 46–47, 49, 58–59, 75, 91–92, 104–6, 108, 111, 115–16, 118–19, 121–29, 131, 133–39, 141–46, 149–51, 153–54, 157, 162, 168, 181, 186, 190, 192, 196, 229, 237, 239, 241, 250, 264–65, 267, 278, 313–14, 321, 323, 331, 339–42, 360, 372
Castoriadis, Cornelius, 338
Christianity, 136, 141, 146, 189, 191, 258–59, 308, 356, 364–65
citizen, 36, 45, 47, 58, 66, 78, 106, 108, 111, 116, 119, 121–37, 141–46, 151, 156, 158–59, 161–62, 165, 168, 181, 186, 192, 196–97, 219, 222–23, 227, 229, 250, 252–55, 258, 260, 263–69, 271, 278, 313–16, 319, 321–22, 324, 327, 335, 339–42, 361, 374
citoyen, 98, 101, 121, 123–27, 129, 131, 133, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143, 145, 151, 160, 168, 379
civil society, xii, xiv, xv, xxxiii, xxxix, 16, 18, 36–49, 57, 73, 78, 81, 83, 91–92, 96, 98–99, 102–19, 127, 129, 132, 134, 136, 139, 141, 144–47, 149, 151, 153, 155, 157, 159, 160–63, 165–71, 173–83, 195–205, 212, 214, 222, 226–31, 236, 240, 242–43, 245–50, 260–70, 274, 278, 287, 310–14, 322–28, 331, 336, 342–44, 346, 359, 361, 372, 380
class, 118, 120, 130, 134–36, 143, 147, 180, 202–3, 220, 323, 361
concept, xix, xxvi, xxvii–xxviii, xxx, 9–11, 19–21, 63–72, 351–66
contract, v, 2, 14, 28–29, 35, 51, 56, 58, 60, 61, 69, 75, 77, 78, 81–107, 114, 118, 124–25, 127–28, 132, 135, 143, 155, 157, 176, 234–35, 255–56, 259–62, 266, 270, 279, 340, 355, 378
contradiction, xii, xiv, xviii, xxx–xxxi, 4, 9–10, 18, 23, 48, 50, 56, 90, 98, 118, 126, 133, 160, 165, 168, 175, 185, 191, 193–94, 199–201, 203, 260, 276, 292, 294, 296–97, 303–6, 330, 346, 349, 353–57, 360–62, 366
democracy, xi, xxix, 17, 112, 134–35, 153–54, 207–8, 212–31, 251–79, 321–22, 379
dialectic, ix, xv, xvii, xxiii, xxiv, xxvi, 5–6, 8, 13, 20, 23, 65, 79, 86, 111, 119, 141, 170, 184, 193, 203, 225, 302, 309, 328–29, 337, 352, 353, 355–60, 362–65, 366, 371; dialectical, xxiv, xxvi, 5–6, 8, 13, 20, 23, 111, 119, 170, 225, 329, 355, 358, 360, 366; master/slave dialectic, 78, 345
domination, 51, 77–80, 100, 120, 122, 137, 157–58, 232, 345
Enlightenment, 80, 100, 115, 117, 124, 144, 213, 259, 317, 337, 351, 359, 380
equality, xxi, 33, 36–37, 39, 97, 122, 127, 134–36, 151, 156, 169, 180, 203, 215, 221–26, 228–29, 252, 254–55, 257, 264, 268
estate, 34, 99, 109, 110, 115–17, 123, 137–38, 140, 143, 157, 163, 166, 178, 195, 197, 201, 203, 214, 223, 228–29, 237, 239–40, 243, 245, 247, 261, 264, 268, 311, 323–25, 339
ethicality, xxix–xxx, 12, 24–25, 37–39, 43, 56, 59, 61, 96, 115, 117, 135, 140–43, 146, 182–209, 285, 287–88, 292, 296, 300, 302, 304, 306, 330–51, 367
ethical life, 25, 278, 310, 330–31, 340, 344, 346, 349, 367
existence, xx–xxv, xxviii, 3–4, 17–19, 23, 25, 28, 31, 33, 37–41, 43–46, 51, 55, 59, 61, 68, 77, 84, 87, 89, 92, 102–3, 108–9, 111, 113–14, 117–18, 130–34, 138, 142, 144, 146, 148, 155, 160, 162, 164–66, 172–73, 175, 178, 181, 186–87, 189, 197, 199, 202, 213, 221, 229, 231, 233–34, 246, 257–58, 261, 265, 266, 269, 271, 273, 275, 280, 282, 295, 298–301, 304, 307, 310, 313, 315, 317–18, 342, 349, 353–54, 359, 363
faith, xiv, xvi, xviii, 131–32, 294, 315, 337, 365
Federalist Papers, 98, 153, 218–20, 234–35, 256, 273, 372
Fichte, J. G., 2, 11, 13, 19–20, 44, 58, 63, 67, 69, 93, 95, 114, 122, 127, 145, 170, 188–89, 283–84, 306, 346, 363, 369
free choice, 4, 8–9, 29–30, 222, 287, 343, 353, 368
freedom, xv, xviii, xxv, xxviii, xxix, 1, 3–8, 12–18, 21–33, 35–37, 39, 42–44, 46–49, 52–54, 59, 66–71, 74, 76–80, 83–87, 93, 99, 101, 104, 118, 126–27, 130, 132–35, 137–38, 144–45, 148, 151, 153, 156, 157, 159–62, 164–65, 168–70, 183–90, 192, 194, 196, 198–200, 203–5, 208, 216–17, 221, 222, 223–26, 247, 252, 256–59, 261–62, 269, 274–75, 278, 281, 288, 290–91, 295, 297, 299–304, 308, 310–16, 318–19, 328, 331–32, 335, 337–38, 340–41, 343–45, 349, 354–57, 360, 365, 374
free will, xi, 3–4, 6, 8, 12–13, 25, 31, 68, 70, 75, 78, 84–85, 186, 257, 288, 353
French revolution, 39, 49–50, 59, 101, 122, 124, 127, 129, 150, 165, 169, 188, 192, 213, 220, 225, 236–37, 242–43, 251, 253, 256, 258, 263, 266, 267, 275, 315, 318–19, 341, 379
Gesinnung, 135, 143, 194–95, 197, 310, 312, 318–19, 322–23
Greek polis. See polis
Grotius, Hugo, 77–78, 110, 188, 373
Haym, Rudolf, ix, xviii, xix, xxi–xxii, xxvii, xxviii, xxxi, 11, 17, 57, 147, 158, 207, 209, 211, 241, 373
Hegel, G. W. F.: on civil society, 147–82; concept of universal in, xxix, 6, 8, 30, 39, 41, 45, 49, 76, 85, 87, 90, 94, 101, 115, 127, 135, 143, 168, 178, 187, 190, 192, 194–95, 199, 201, 229, 240, 243, 250, 258, 314, 321; on the function of law, 55–81; on the importance of contract, 81–107; and institutions, 279–83, 312–51; and non-metaphysical readings of, vii–xvii; and Prussia, 209–12; relationship to Kantian morality, 283–312. See also concept; dialectic
Hobbes, Thomas, 26, 29, 32, 36, 41, 44–45, 50, 57–58, 60–62, 76, 78, 87, 89, 99, 105, 109–10, 112–13, 124–25, 155, 173, 177, 188, 233, 235–36, 243, 254, 269, 272, 374–75, 379
Honneth, Axel, xi, 208, 346, 374
idea, xxvi, 9, 16, 18, 20, 31, 38, 65, 89, 98, 148–49, 171, 179, 187, 195, 200, 249, 253, 268, 277, 284, 299–300, 304, 313, 332, 349, 362–63, 366
Kant, Immanuel, viii, xi, xiv, xxviii, 4–5, 10–11, 13, 15–16, 29–30, 38, 44, 56–58, 63, 67, 69, 75–76, 82, 113–14, 121–22, 125–27, 132, 136, 139, 141–42, 147–48, 150–53, 155, 158, 164, 166, 188–89, 218, 254, 273, 277–78, 282–312, 319, 321, 329, 339, 342, 344, 348, 355, 357, 369–70, 375–77
law, 15–81, 147–82. See also natural law
legality, 149, 154–55, 281, 285, 288
Leibniz, G. W., 341
liberalism, xv, 158, 169, 179, 237, 240, 250, 263, 273–75, 362, 373, 379
liberty, 44, 99–100, 110, 126–27, 145, 151, 160–61, 181, 221, 224, 226, 262, 264, 371, 373
love, 116, 125, 131, 140, 146, 195, 221, 224, 225, 278, 327, 339, 359, 360, 362
Marx, Karl, ix, 17, 42, 45, 57, 91, 106, 108, 117, 119–20, 140, 145, 170, 202–3, 227, 264, 337, 340, 346, 372, 376
metaphysics. See Hegel, G. W. F.: and non-metaphysical readings of
modernity, 1, 58–59, 104, 111, 126, 146, 162, 170, 192, 196, 212–13, 215–16, 219–20, 230, 250, 257, 261, 264, 276, 316–17, 331–32, 342
morality, 1, 7, 16, 24–27, 63, 70, 83, 108, 153, 184, 186–89, 193–94, 198–200, 283–312, 328–29, 332–33, 336, 342, 347, 357
natural law, 1, 16, 22, 25–26, 29, 33, 36, 45, 49–50, 55–63, 67–68, 72–79, 81, 94–95, 97–98, 100, 104, 108–10, 116, 124, 131, 134, 136, 142, 144, 151, 162–63, 168, 175, 182, 188, 190, 196, 220, 316–17, 331, 346, 369, 371, 373. See also law
nature, 12, 21–24, 27, 29, 31–34, 55–81, 100, 109–15, 126, 145, 188, 218, 325
normativity, xxx, 61, 63, 69–70, 194, 222, 277–78, 286, 288–89, 290–91, 300, 332, 344, 346–48, 356
objective spirit, iii–xxxiii, 1, 3–4, 6–16, 21–31, 45, 52–54, 62, 70–71, 74–75, 85–87, 105–6, 176, 182–90, 192–94, 198–201, 204, 207, 222, 259, 277–78, 280–82, 288, 298–303, 309, 320, 328–37, 340–41, 344–45, 348, 353, 354, 356, 357, 360, 362
objectivization, 7, 9–10, 22, 24, 26, 30, 32, 36, 43, 67
obligation, 3, 26, 43, 69, 82–83, 86, 90, 123, 149, 151, 187, 222, 268, 286, 288, 290, 293, 299, 311, 319, 323, 327, 335, 343
passion, 8, 215, 218, 221, 224–25, 263, 300, 318, 351–67
patriotism, 135, 140, 195, 316, 317, 321, 324, 327
people, 33, 35–36, 58–59, 64, 66, 93, 97, 115, 122, 125, 128, 130–31, 134–35, 137, 139, 152, 155–56, 166, 173, 218–20, 223–24, 227, 230, 233–37, 239, 240, 243–45, 247–50, 253–58, 260, 265, 269–72, 274, 314, 317–18, 320, 322, 326, 346
Plato, xxviii, xxix, xxx, 51, 58–59, 143, 189, 256
polis, xxix, 56, 58–59, 100, 108–9, 115–16, 121, 123, 129–30, 132, 144–82, 188, 190–93, 258, 264, 316, 320
political, xxix, xxxiii, 2, 24, 29, 47–48, 57–60, 73, 78, 81, 88, 97–98, 100, 103, 105–11, 113–14, 117, 119, 121, 128, 131–33, 138, 142, 145, 148–49, 153–54, 157–58, 161, 167, 170, 177, 181, 196–97, 204, 207, 213–14, 219–20, 223–40, 242–45, 253, 255–60, 262–70, 272, 274–78, 312, 314, 316–22, 326–28, 335, 341–42, 361, 378
Polyani, Karl, 241
Polybius, 216
practical reason, 283–312
Prussia, ix, xvii, xix, 100, 147, 174, 207, 209–11, 242, 248
Quine, W. V. O., x
rabble, xii, 106, 168, 200–202, 270, 324, 361
rationality, xxi–xxxii, 12, 14, 23, 51, 53, 62, 65, 67, 77, 80, 95, 141, 156, 172, 174, 179–80, 187, 204, 216, 223, 240, 286, 296–97, 302, 309, 314–16, 321–22, 328–29, 348, 351–52, 354, 357–58, 362, 375
reason, 330–67. See also practical reason
Rechtzustand. See legal status
recognition, xi, 78–80, 83–86, 93, 105, 124, 143–44, 161, 169, 186, 192, 200, 306, 324, 333–36, 343, 345–46, 349, 356–57, 361, 374
Republic, xxviii, xxix, xxx–xxxi, 122–23, 125, 130–31, 136, 148, 150–54, 159, 213, 217, 232, 256, 273, 318, 321
Rousseau, J.-J., 29–30, 49, 58, 61, 74, 77–79, 90, 94–96, 99–100, 108, 121, 125–26, 132, 134–35, 138, 142, 146, 155, 188, 219, 234–36, 250, 253–56, 260–62, 266, 269–72, 274, 340, 355, 373, 377
Savigny, Friedrich Carl von, 13, 33–34, 56, 64–68, 174, 211
Schmitt, Carl, 18, 87, 89, 105–6, 131, 150, 154–55, 160, 180, 231, 275, 279–81, 378
self. See self-consciousness
self-consciousness, 85–86, 158, 183, 186–87, 194–95, 200, 312, 332, 345, 364, 366
Sittlichkeit. See ethicality
Smith, Adam, 40–41, 91, 107–8, 113, 144
sovereignty, 44, 99, 112, 123–28, 155, 218–20, 230–39, 248, 255–56, 265, 269–73, 275, 317
state of nature, 29, 32, 36, 41–42, 45, 49–51, 57–58, 60–62, 78, 80, 85, 88, 109–12, 114, 145, 152, 167, 182–83, 235, 269, 308, 345, 355
subjectivity, 4, 7–9, 11–12, 19–20, 23, 25–26, 28, 31, 37, 68–69, 71, 76, 144, 184, 187–89, 193–95, 199, 200, 204–5, 259, 277–78, 282, 284, 287, 289, 296, 298–303, 308–15, 317–58, 360, 363
sublate, 4, 85, 175–76, 341, 349, 355, 362–63, 368
substance, 1, 5, 22, 24, 43, 100, 144, 183, 188–89, 195–96, 248, 287, 302, 307, 313, 315, 320, 332–34, 357, 363–64
Taylor, Charles, 338
terror, 47, 49, 101, 136, 169, 251, 264, 274, 314, 318–19
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 208, 212–31, 375, 379
tragedy, 346
universal. See Hegel, G. W. F.: concept of universal in
universal suffrage, 265–73
virtue, 116, 139, 142, 168–69, 195, 215, 258, 264, 299, 310–37, 355, 358
Weber, Max, 104, 149, 156–57, 232, 259, 275, 377, 380
will: objective, 4, 13–14, 30–32, 94, 282, 336, 353; subjective, 1, 10, 12, 23, 26, 30–31, 84, 164, 185, 198, 259, 282, 298–99, 305, 328, 336, 341, 349, 353
willing, 3, 5–13, 30–31, 84, 87, 99, 183, 233, 270, 284, 294, 299–300, 304, 312
Willkür. See free choice
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, x