Italic page numbers indicate illustrations
Abyssinia, Italian invasion (1935) 307–8
Acheson, Dean 332
Addis, Sir Charles 115, 135, 146–7, 193
advertisements: in books 290; as eyesores 285; newspaper personal advertisements 244
Albert, Prince Consort 21
Alexandria 236
Aliens Act (1905) 308
Ancient Monuments Act (1931) 287
Anderson, Sir John (later 1st Viscount Waverley) 136, 336–7
Anderson, Mrs (Brighton doctor’s wife) 224–5
anti-semitism 308–9
Apostles 3, 51–61, 85, 99, 140, 207–9, 253, 279
architectural preservation 288
Aristotle 291, 295; on nail-biting 279
Armenian Christians 261
Armistice Day commemorations 313–14
Arnold, Matthew, Culture and Anarchy 298
Arts Council of Great Britain 11, 298, 300–301
‘Arts in Wartime, The’ (1943) 298
Asquith, Lady Cynthia 191
Asquith, H.H., 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith: wartime Prime Minister 73, 88, 93; resignation 82, 194; 1918 general election defeat 94; JMK socializes with 116, 194, 268–9, 270; contributions to Manchester Guardian supplements 145; later life 157, 159, 270; JMK’s views on 116, 159, 194, 268–9
Asquith, Margot, Countess of Oxford and Asquith 116, 159, 268
Assisi 231
Aston Villa (football club) 226
Astor, William Waldorf, 1st Viscount 234
Atlantic City, New Jersey 335
Attlee, Clement (later 1st Earl Attlee) 6, 339, 344
Auden, W.H. 202, 257, 279–80; play collaborations with Isherwood 293–4
Austen-Leigh, Edward 41
Austria 72, 103, 114, 117, 118, 177, 324; see also Vienna
Ayer, Sir A.J., Language, Truth and Logic 57
Bacon, Francis, Viscount St Albans 291, 324
Bailey, Sir Abe 270
Baldwin, Stanley (later 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley): Financial Secretary to the Treasury 94–5; Chancellor of the Exchequer 145; Prime Minister 146, 154, 161, 288; depicted in Woolf’s Three Guineas 129; Lloyd George on 146; On England 288
Balfour, Arthur (later 1st Earl of Balfour) 104, 233, 270
Balfour of Inchrye, Harold, 1st Baron 391n56
Balogh, Thomas, Baron 324
Bank Charter Act, proposed suspension 3, 73
Bank of England: 1914 financial crisis 73–4, 75; gold reserves 73, 75, 81, 167, 182; and wartime expenditure 79, 81; JMK’s criticisms of 167–8, 182; reform of 170; JMK as director 322–3; and World Bank 334; nationalization 348
Barlow, Sir Alan 275
Barrie, J.M. 217
Barron, Clarence 234
Baskerville Club 291
Bauer, Peter, Baron 324–5
BBC 300
Beale, Sir John 97
Beaton, Sir Cecil 359
Beaverbrook, Max Aitken, 1st Baron 6, 148, 259, 314, 350, 352–3, 391n56
Bedford, Herbrand Russell, 11th Duke of 252, 263
Bedford, Hastings Russell, 12th Duke of 352, 391n56
Belgium: First World War 81, 95; see also Brussels
Bell, Clive: Bloomsbury Set 252, 253, 255, 256–7; marriage 90; meetings with JMK 163, 338; views on JMK 13, 80, 85, 252, 268, 271; Civilization 295–6; On British Freedom 164, 243, 255; Peace at Once 108
Bell, Quentin 253, 284, 285, 325, 339
Bell, Vanessa: appearance and character 91; Bloomsbury Set 253, 271; career as artist 266, 268; marriage and children 90, 220, 235, 284; relationship with Duncan Grant 90, 220, 235, 237; views on JMK 192, 232–3, 271, 338; views on Lydia Lopokova 240, 338; visits I Tatti with JMK 272; JMK’s correspondence with 102, 237
Bennett, Richard, Viscount 391n56
Benson, Arthur 8, 205–6, 217, 244; on Apostles 54; on Athenæum 275; on JMK 57, 70, 156, 278; on JMK’s father 29; on Sebastian Sprott 238
Bentham, Jeremy 58, 139–40, 291
Berenson, Bernard 68, 230, 272
Berenson, Mary: at Iffley 221–2, 231–2; JMK visits at I Tatti 68, 230–31, 272; and Geoffrey Scott 231–2, 235; JMK’s correspondence with 91; views on JMK 68, 69–70, 230, 231–2, 272
Berkeley, George 291
Berlin, Sir Isaiah 274, 302, 315–16, 342, 343; views on JMK 6, 311
Besant, William 27
Beveridge, William (later Baron Beveridge) 312, 324; report on social security 327–8, 347
Bevin, Ernest 168, 169, 170, 340, 341
Biarritz 244
Birmingham 225–6; Repertory Theatre 292
Birrell, Francis 227–8, 233, 235, 256, 273–4, 277–8
birth control 242–4
Blackburn Rovers (football club) 226
Blackett, Sir Basil 67, 71, 74, 91, 135, 145, 192
Blair, Tony 348
Bloomsbury, London 252–3, 262–4, 318
Bloomsbury Set 253–63, 271, 295–6
Bonham Carter, Sir Maurice 281
Bonham Carter, Violet (later Baroness Asquith of Yarnbury) 116, 281, 327–8, 333
Bonnyman, Charles 218–19
Boothby, Robert (later Baron Boothby) 125, 136, 312, 349; on Economic Consequences of the Peace 117–18, 119
Boughey, Anchitel 27
Bowra, Sir Maurice 207
Bradbury, John, 1st Baron 82, 92, 106, 147–8, 168, 169
Brailsford, Noel 176
Braithwaite, Richard 133–4, 279
Brand, Robert (Bob), Baron 135, 168, 169
Braque, Georges 267
Brenan, Gerald 274
Brest-Litovsk treaty (1918) 115
Brett, Dorothy 252
Bretton Woods conference (1944) 301–2, 335–7, 342
Breughel, Pieter 265
Bridges, Sir Edward (later 1st Baron Bridges) 347, 349
Bristol, Theatre Royal 299–300
Britain’s Industrial Future (Liberal Party report; 1928) 160, 165, 186
British Association for the Advancement of Science 225
British Dyestuffs Corporation 96
British Medical Journal 201
Broadstairs, Kent 224
Brooke, Alan 277
Brooke, Rupert: Apostle 55–6; and Geoffrey Keynes 197–8, 211; and Gerald Shove 55–6, 235; and Hugh Dalton 346; and James Strachey 211–12, 224, 229; ‘The Great Lover’ 212
Broun, Heywood 236
Brown, Ada (JMK’s grandmother) 33–4, 38
Brown, John (JMK’s grandfather) 26, 36
Brown, Lancelot (‘Capability’) 22
Browning, Sir Montague 95
Browning, Oscar 50, 206–7, 217
Browning, Robert 42
Brunswick Square, London 252, 253
Brussels 101
Bryce, James, Viscount, memorial service 268
Buchan, John, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir, portrayal of JMK 12, 268, 283
budgets: (1915) 79; (1924) 80; (1925) 80; (1926) 159; (1931) 287; (1933) 178; (1940) 317; (1941) 318–19; (1956) 80
Buff alo Bill (William Cody) 230–31
Bull, Sir William 86
Burke, Edmund 43
Burn, Charles (later Sir Charles Forbes-Leith) 95
Bush, George W. 348
Butler, Samuel 291
Buxton, Dorothy 103
by-elections 162; Central Hull (1919) 94, 103; Cambridge University (1940) 313
Cable, Ernest, Baron 71–2, 142, 192
Caillard, Sir Vincent 79
Cambridge: JMK’s childhood home 27–8, 37; JMK’s mother’s civic works 31–3, 103, 156; JMK’s electioneering in 4, 156–7; High Stewardship 324
Cambridge Arts Theatre 292–5, 298
Cambridge ‘Circus’ (group) 182–3
Cambridge Conversazione Society see Apostles
Cambridge Review 199–200
Cambridge Union (debating society) 50, 51
Cambridge University: admissions policies 24–5, 65–6; fellowships 27, 28, 30; statutory reforms 28; tripos examinations 28, 47–8; women students 26, 30; see also King’s College; Magdalene College; Newnham College; Selwyn College; Trinity College
Cambridge University parliamentary constituency 156, 160, 313
Campbell, J.R. (Johnny) 157–8
Can Lloyd George Do It? (1929) 160–61, 165
Canada 78, 81, 105; JMK visits 246–7
Cannan, Edwin 92
Carlyle, Thomas 139
Carr, E.H. 181
Carrington, Dora 90, 235, 239, 252
Carroll, Lewis, Alice in Wonderland 36
Cassel, Sir Ernest 270
Catalonia 244–5
Cather, Willa 200
Cecil, Lord Robert (later Viscount Cecil of Chelwood) 119–20, 145
CEMA (Committee for the Encouragement of Music and the Arts) 297–300
censorship, theatrical 294–5, 299–300
Cézanne, Paul 4, 265, 266, 267, 272
Chalmers, Robert, Baron: Permanent Secretary of the Treasury 5, 71, 80, 82, 84, 85, 92, 192, 257, 274n; scholarly pastimes 66–7
Chamberlain, Sir Austen 71, 180, 192; and Degas auction 266, 267; on Economic Consequences of the Peace 113–14
Chamberlain, Neville 114, 163, 178, 186, 315
Charity Organization Society 31
Charleston, Sussex 90–91, 107, 267, 283
Chekhov, Anton, The Cherry Orchard 259
Chesterton, G.K. 270
Christie, Dame Agatha 289
Churchill, Clementine (later Baroness Spencer-Churchill) 270
Churchill, Sir Winston: Chancellor of the Exchequer 80, 147–8, 153–4, 159, 270; Prime Minister 301, 315, 318, 322, 327; JMK compared with 6, 9, 335; and Other Club 136
circumcision 201–3
City of London School 228–9
civil service 65–7, 68; recruitment reforms 24–5, 65; see also India Office; Treasury
Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of 324
Clarendon, George Villiers, 6th Earl of 294–5
Clark, Sir Kenneth (later Baron Clark) 246, 296–7, 298
Clarke, Peter, The Keynesian Revolution in the Making 126
Clayton, William 342–3
Clearing Union plan (‘Keynes scheme’) 328–33
Clemenceau, Georges: Paris Peace Conference 104, 105; portrayal in Economic Consequences of the Peace 108–9, 110–111, 113, 116, 118, 121
clubs see Athenæum; Baskerville Club; Cranium Club; Eighty Club; Memoir Club; Other Club; Political Economy Club (Cambridge); Political Economy Club (London); Tuesday Club
Clynes, J.R. 163
Cocteau, Jean, The Infernal Machine 294
Cody, ‘Buffalo Bill’ 231–2
Coldstream, Sir William 268
Colefax, Sibyl, Lady 159
College of Arms 325
Commission of Public Places, proposed 288
Committee for the Encouragement of Music and the Arts (CEMA) 297–300
communism 148–50; see also Marxism
Connaught, Prince Arthur, Duke of 271
conscription 85–9
contraception 242–4
Conway, Ed 336
Corot, Jean-Baptiste-Camille 267
Costelloe, Karin (later Stephen) 230, 235
Costelloe, Rachel (‘Ray’) 230, 231, 232, 236
Courtauld, Samuel 267
Courtaulds (textile company) 319, 352
Covent Garden, London 263; Royal Opera House 301–3
Cowley, Malcolm 342
Cranborne, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, Viscount (later 5th Marquess of Salisbury) 258–9
Crawford, David Lindsay, 27th Earl of 102, 114
Credit-Anstalt (bank), failure (1931) 177
Crewe, Robert Crewe-Milnes, Marquess of 153
Croatia 113
Cromer, Norfolk 226
Cromwell, Oliver 324
Crowe, Sir Eyre 152
Crowther, Geoffrey (later Baron Crowther) 168–9
Crystal Palace, London 299
Cubism 265
Cunard, Maud (‘Emerald’), Lady 234, 271
Cunliffe, Walter, 1st Baron: Governor of Bank of England 78, 85; Paris Peace Conference 93–4, 114, 115
Cuno, Wilhelm 145
Curzon, Francis 281–2
Curzon of Kedleston, George, Marquess 266, 282
Cyril, Grand Duke of Russia 216
D’Abernon, Edgar Vincent, Viscount 166, 270
Daily Express 314
Daily Mail 88, 103, 107, 115, 176
Dalton, Hugh (later Baron Dalton) 213, 229, 346, 353
Darwin, Margaret see Keynes, Margaret
Davenant, Sir William, The Cruel Brother 292
Davies, Clement 312
Davis, Norman 97–8
Dawes Plan 118–19
Dawson, Geoffrey 270
de Gaulle, Charles 6
de la Mare, Walter 270
De La Warr, Herbrand Sackville (‘Buck’), 9th Earl 297
de Trafford, Violet, Lady 268
Degas, Edgar, auction of works 4, 266–7
‘Demand Management’ 126–7, 357–8
Dent, Edward 229
Depression, Great see Slump (1929–32)
Derain, André 267
Derby, Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of 155; Derby scheme 87, 212; Ambassador to France 103
Desai, Meghnad, Baron 325
Desborough, Ettie, Lady 116, 270, 312
Descartes, René 291
Dickinson, Goldsworthy Lowes 50, 145, 274, 380n28; Apostle 52, 54–5, 56, 57, 150n, 207–8; sexuality and relationships 207–8, 217, 229–30; views on post-war Europe 260–61; views on United States 91
Dilke, Sir Charles 229
Dillon, E.J., The Peace Conference 107
Dobson, Frank 385n33
Docker, Dudley 93
Donne, John 291
Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan 217
‘Dr Melchior’ (1921) 273
driving tests 257
Duckworth, George 252
Duckworth, John 154
Durnford, Sir Walter 276–7; memorial service 280
Eatwell, John, Baron 325
Eccles, Marriner 344–5
Economic Advisory Council 172–3, 176, 177
Economic Consequences of Mr Churchill (1925) 148 Economic Consequences of the Peace (1919) 9–10, 23, 25, 61, 94, 106–121, 145, 255, 299
Economic Journal 76; editorship 29, 127, 134, 135
‘Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren’ (1928) 282–3
Economist (newspaper) 168, 177
Eden, Anthony (later 1st Earl of Avon) 310
Einstein, Albert 194, 308, 309
elections see by-elections; general elections
Eliot, T.S. 12, 116–17, 142, 171–2; The Waste Land 117, 142
Elizabeth, Princess (later Queen Elizabeth II) 302
Elizabeth, Queen Consort 302
Eltisley, George Newton, Baron 324
Empson, Sir William 243–4
Entertainments Duty 299
Equal Pay Act (1970) 243
Erskine, David 218
Erzberger, Matthias 97–8
Essays in Biography (1933) 110, 165, 181
Essays in Persuasion (1931) 164
Estonia 113
Estoril, Portugal 320–21
Eton College 38–47, 128, 197, 202–6, 244
Euclid 37
Euripides 299
European monetary unions 231, 262
Evening Standard (newspaper) 148, 153–4
Falk, Oswald (‘Foxy’) 135, 145, 280–81, 323
Family Planning Act (1967) 243
Farnell, Nigel 227, 228–9, 233
Farrer, Gaspard 130
Fauvism 265
Federation of British Industries 93
Ferguson, Niall 195
Firle, Sussex 90, 283, 285, 312
First World War: outbreak 72, 309–310; 1914 financial crisis 3, 72–6; war credits and loans 78–80, 81; exchange crisis 80–81; US financial negotiations 81–2, 83, 84–5, 91–2; conscription 85–9; submarine warfare 84, 98–9; German reparations 92–4, 96, 113–14, 118–20; Armistice 95, 97, 98–9
Fisher, Cecilia 203
Fitzroy Square, London 214, 252, 266
Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge 267
Florence 230
Fokine, Michel 236
Fonteyn, Dame Margot 302
football 226
Forbes-Leith, Sir Charles 95
Ford, John, ’Tis Pity She’s a Whore 294–5
Forster, E.M. 28, 207, 238; Apostle 52; Bloomsbury Set 253; Cranium and Memoir clubs 273, 274; lecture on Virginia Woolf 323; Howards End 286; Maurice 196–7, 285; A Room with a View 289
Foundling Hospital, London 252, 263, 264
France: First World War 78, 81, 95, 266; and Versailles treaty 112; see also Paris
Franco, Francisco 6
Frankfurter, Felix 311
Franks, Oliver (later Baron Franks) 315
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria 72
Fry, Roger: Apostle 52, 207; Bloomsbury Set 253, 257, 272; Cranium Club 274; career as artist 265–6, 267; death 257
Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridgeshire 32
Fürstenberg, Carl 308
Gage, Henry (‘George’), 6th Viscount 270, 283–4, 285, 286
Gage, Imogen (‘Mogs’), Viscountess 270, 312
Gaitskell, Hugh 237
Galileo Galilei 291
Game, Henry 294
Gandhi, Mohandas 6
gardening 21–2
Gardner, Richard 336
Garnett, Constance 85
Garnett, David (‘Bunny’): character and career 89; at Charleston 90, 267; during First World War 89, 227; and Francis Birrell 227–8; marriage 220, 235; Memoir and Cranium clubs 273–4; relationship with Duncan Grant 220; relationship with JMK 228, 233, 271
Garsington Manor, Oxfordshire 269–70
Gaye, Russell 208
general elections: (1910) 193; (1918) 93, 94–5, 115; (1923) 154–6; (1924) 158; (1929) 160–62, 172, 175; (1931) 177; (1935) 186; (1945) 339
General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1936) 5, 126, 183–5, 357
Geneva, World Disarmament Conference 307
Genoa 239
Germany: First World War 73, 84, 95; reparations 92–4, 96, 106, 113–14, 118–20; Armistice agreement 95, 97, 98–9; post-war relief work and army of occupation 103, 105, 118; and Versailles treaty 112–13, 118, 119–20; rise of National Socialism 118–19, 120, 309–310, 326; Reichstag fire (1933) 178; withdrawal from League of Nations 307; Second World War 312, 338; JMK visits 197
Gibbon, Edward 291
Gielgud, Sir John 359
Girton College, Cambridge 26
Gladstone, William Ewart 24
Glazebrook, Sir Richard 27
Gloucester, Prince Henry, Duke of 43
Gluckstein family 308
gold standard: and First World War 73, 75, 82, 83; British return to 143, 146–8; Britain abandons 166, 171
Goldschmidt, Ernst 217
Goodhart, A.L. 320–21
Gordon Square, London 239, 252–3, 317
Grant, Duncan: appearance and character 189, 219–20; early life 219, 228; during First World War 89; career as artist 252, 265–6, 267, 268; Bloomsbury Set 252, 253, 256, 257, 271; Cranium Club 274; relationship with Lytton Strachey 209; relationship with JMK 105, 210, 214, 219–22, 224, 231, 240, 252, 265–6, 271; relationship with Vanessa Bell 90, 220, 235, 237; visits I Tatti with JMK 272; at V-E Day celebrations at Tilton 338–9; JMK’s correspondence with 105–6, 134, 195, 221–2, 223, 226, 237, 264
Great Ormond Street, London 233, 252
Greene, Bella 272
Greene, Graham 318
Greene, Wilfred, Baron 321
Greenwood, Arthur 314
Greenwood, Leonard 52
Gretton, John (later 1st Baron Gretton) 95
Grigg, Sir P.J. 147–8, 169, 171
Grimm’s fairy tales 36
Guinness, Walter (later 1st Baron Moyne) 95
Habsburg empire 324
Haig, Douglas, 1st Earl 160
Hailsham, Quentin Hogg, 2nd Viscount 202, 350
Halifax, Edward Wood, 1st Earl of 259, 340, 343, 353, 355
Hall, Robert (later Baron Roberthall) 315
Hall-Patch, Sir Edmund 341–2, 343, 344–5
Hardinge of Penshurst, Charles, 1st Baron 114–15
Hardy, G.H. ix, 52, 53, 54, 208
Hardy, Thomas, The Dynasts 359
Harrod, Sir Roy 239, 275; The Life of John Maynard Keynes 6–7, 16, 59–60, 195, 198
Hartington, Mary, Marchioness of (later Duchess of Devonshire) 270
Harvey, Oliver (later 1st Baron Harvey of Tasburgh) 322
Hawkins, Sir Anthony Hope see Hope, Sir Anthony
Hawtrey, Sir Charles 44
Hawtrey, Sir Ralph 208
Heard, Gerald 385n33
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich 291
Henderson, Sir Hubert 133; editorship of Nation 142–3, 175; 1929 general election campaign 160–62; secretary to Economic Advisory Council 172, 175; wartime Treasury adviser 312, 315–16
Henniker, John Henniker-Major, 8th Baron 341
Heretics (Cambridge University society) 243–4
Hewart, Gordon (later 1st Viscount Hewart) 129
Hilferding, Rudolf 145
Hill, A.V. (JMK’s brother-in-law) 74, 199, 200, 313
Hindenburg, Paul von 119
Hirschfeld, Magnus 217, 346; Die Homosexualität 229–30
Hitler, Adolf 6, 118, 119, 294, 309, 326, 338
Ho Chi Minh 6
Hoare-Laval Pact (1935) 307–8
Hobbes, Thomas 291
Hobhouse, Sir Arthur 191, 202–3, 208–210, 230, 285–6
Hobsbawm, Eric 6
Hobson, J.A., The Physiology of Industry 141–2
Hogarth Press 148
Holden, Sir Edward 76
Holmes, Oliver Wendell 151
Holroyd, Sir Michael, Lytton Strachey 16
homosexuality 195–8, 213, 229–30, 234–5, 243; London haunts 213–17, 225; personal advertisements 244
Hope, Sir Anthony 242; The Prisoner of Zenda 36
Hornung, E.W. (Willie) 217
horticulture 21–2
House of Lords: JMK as crossbencher 152, 325, 328, 330, 334–5, 350–53; JMK’s views on 61, 129, 258–9, 325
How to Pay for the War (1940) 314–15
Hume, David 291
Hungary 264
Hutchinson, Mary 291
Huxley, Julian 242
Ibsen, Henrik 30, 211, 293, 299
Iffley, Oxfordshire 221–2, 231–2
Île de France, SS 337
IMF see International Monetary Fund
Imperial Preference scheme 133, 346
Impressionism 265–7
Independent Investment Company 280
India: report on ‘The Moral and Material Progress of India’ 68; Royal Commission on Indian Finance and Currency 70–72, 168; Royal Commission on Indian Tariffs 145, 239; savings and investment 72, 142
India Office 67–70
industrial decline 132, 143, 155, 166–7
Ingres, Jean-Auguste-Dominique 4, 266, 267
International Monetary Fund (IMF) 332, 337, 354–5
Ireland 134
Isherwood, Christopher: play collaborations with Auden 293–4; Mr Norris Changes Trains 216
Italy: First World War 81; invasion of Abyssinia (1935) 307–8; fascism 309, 310; JMK visits 68, 230–31, 239, 272
Jackson of Lodsworth, Barbara Ward, Baroness 324
James, Montague Rhodes 49, 50, 57, 277
Japan 132, 310, 341; atomic bombing 340, 342
Jenkinson, Sir Mark Webster 171
Jesus College, Cambridge 30
Jevons, William Stanley, The Theory of Political Economy 57
Johnson, W.E. (Willy) 37
Jones, Sir Lawrence 203
Julius, Anthony, Trials of the Diaspora 308
Kahl, Konrad 14–15
Kahn, Richard, Baron: secretary to Economic Advisory Council 172; fellowship at King’s 279; wartime adviser 316; peerage 324; on JMK’s writings 139, 181, 182, 183–4; ‘The Relation of Home Investment to Unemployment’ 179
Kaldor, Nicholas, Baron 324
Kant, Immanuel 291
Karl, Emperor of Austria 271
Kellogg, John Harvey 201
Kenilworth, John Siddeley, 1st Baron 352
Kent, William 22
Kenworthy, Joseph (later 10th Baron Strabolgi) 94
Kepler, Johannes 291
Kerr, Philip (later 11th Marquess of Lothian) 270
Kessler, Count Harry 83
Keynes, Anna Maynard (JMK’s grandmother) 23
Keynes, Florence (née Brown; JMK’s mother); family background and early life 26; education and character 26, 31; marriage 26–7, 29; birth of children 31, 33–4; children’s upbringing 31, 34–5, 36, 85, 198; and JMK’s schooling 38–9, 44–5; charitable and civic works 31–3, 103, 156; later life 303, 324, 333–4, 359; death 358
Keynes, Sir Geoffrey (JMK’s brother): childhood and early life 31, 38, 197, 200–201, 291; sexuality and relationships 197–8, 200; marriage and children 198, 235, 277; literary executor to Rupert Brooke 197–8, 211; later life and achievements 16–17, 198, 291, 358; author meets 14–16
Keynes, John (JMK’s grandfather) 21–3, 140–41
Keynes, John Maynard, Baron: family background 21–7; birth 31; naming and baptism 34, 36; early childhood 34–6, 200; prep school 37–8; circumcision 201–3; Eton scholarship examination 38–9; at Eton 40–47, 86, 197, 202–6, 244, 325; undergraduate at King’s College, Cambridge 3, 47–51, 57, 206–213; Apostle 3, 51–61, 99, 207–9; early economic training 125, 126; civil service entrance examination 67; junior clerk at India Office 67–70, 125; Cambridge lectureship in economics 69, 125–6, 278; elected to prize fellowship at King’s 70; founding of Cambridge Political Economy Club 133–4; rents rooms in London 214, 233, 252; member of Royal Commission on Indian Finance and Currency 70–72, 168, 192; reaction to 1914 financial crisis 72–4; summoned to Treasury 3, 74; his advice to Treasury on 1914 crisis 3, 74–6; recruited to Treasury for duration of war 76–83, 192; leases house in Gordon Square 252–3; appointed head of new Treasury department 83–4; financial diplomacy with United States 81–2, 83, 84–5, 91–2; and conscription 85–6, 88–9; contemplates resignation from Treasury 88–9, 90; conscientious objection 89; wartime weekends at Charleston 90–91; visits Washington (1917) 91–2; and German reparations 92–4, 113–14; purchase of paintings at Degas auction 3–4, 266–7; Paris Peace Conference (1919) 96–106, 128; resigns from Treasury 106, 128, 280; returns to King’s 276–80; writing and publication of Economic Consequences of the Peace 106–121, 145, 255; appointed to Royal Commission on Indian Tariffs 145, 239; electioneering for the Liberals 4, 127, 154–62; buys control of Nation and Athenæum 142–3; leases Tilton 283–6; marriage 194, 220–21, 240–42, 245–7; founding of London Artists’ Association 267–8; elected to Cranium Club 273–4; Macmillan Committee on Finance and Industry 4–5, 165–71; Economic Advisory Council meetings 172–3, 176; publication of Treatise on Money 181–3; merger of Nation and Athenæum with New Statesman 174–5; opposition to Sunday Cinema Act 162–5; publication of The Means to Prosperity articles 178–80; development of Cambridge Arts Theatre 292–5; publication of General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money 5, 183–5; contracts bacterial heart disease 138, 246, 281, 310–312; and outbreak of Second World War 312–13; declines Independent parliamentary candidacy 313; publication of How to Pay for the War 314–15; appointed Treasury adviser 315–17; and 1941 budget 318–19; envoy to Washington for Lend-Lease negotiations (1941) 320–22; appointed director of Bank of England 322–3; trustee of National Gallery 297, 298; chairman of CEMA 297–300; and publication of Archbishop Temple’s Christianity and the Social Order 327–8; elected member of Athenæum 275–6; peerage 324–6; maiden speech in House of Lords 328; Clearing Union plan 328–31; appointed High Steward of Borough of Cambridge 324; Washington talks on post-war international monetary system (1943) 331–3; Bretton Woods conference (1944) 301–2, 335–8, 342; chairman of Royal Opera House committee 302; failing health 337, 349, 356; visits Canada with Lydia (1944) 246–7; returns to US for Stage II of Lend-Lease negotiations (1944) 5, 337–8, 342; V-E Day celebrations at Tilton 338–9; 1945 general election 339; advises Attlee government on spending 339–40, 353–4; Washington loan negotiations (1945) 340–49; returns to England on Queen Elizabeth 5, 349–50; Lords debate on Bretton Woods and Anglo-American loan agreements 350–53; last public appearance in England 302–3; in US for inaugural meetings of IMF and World Bank (1946) 354–6; final days 359; death 359–60
Character & characteristics: appearance 1, 19, 34, 56, 63, 123, 189, 191, 249, 305, 361; art collecting 4, 265–7; bibliophile 4, 38, 215, 289–92; childhood hobbies 37–8, 215, 325; clarity of thinking 102–3, 130, 168–9, 245–6; compartmentalization of life 8, 196, 226–7, 251; dislike of nail-biting 279–80; facility at reading 289; flirtatiousness 191–4; frankness 11, 168, 192; generosity 13; heraldry 325–6, 389n22; idealization of Edwardian England 23, 130–32, 174–5, 260–61; ill-health 5, 246, 269, 310–311, 337, 349, 356; intellectual brilliance 5–6, 12–13, 126, 245–6, 291; leadership skills 46, 47; love of English landscape 283, 285–8; motto 326; name 34; optimism 11, 36, 262, 312, 359; oratorical skills 9, 156–7, 159, 335–6, 350; overworking 54, 84, 323, 327, 360; peerage 324–6; personal finances 280–83; persuasive powers 5–6, 8–9, 11–12, 127–8; physical demonstrativeness 194; prose-style 12; reputation 6–7, 17, 271–2, 356–8; sexuality 195–6, 198–9, 202–3, 213–14, 235–6, 239; speaking voice 9, 156, 313; stammer 36, 38, 194; table-manners 290; theatre-going 289–90, 292–5; visual imagination 254, 267–8; vitality 11, 127–8
Views on: administration 47, 168; Bank of England 167–8; capitalism 10–11, 128, 129–30, 131, 140–44, 151, 282–3, 328–9; civilized life 251, 263, 295–7; class system 23, 128–9, 258; communism 148–50; conscription 85, 88; contraception 242–3; credit controls 80; development of London 265; diplomacy 152–3; education 28; elites 258, 303; Europe 105, 111–12, 117, 161–2, 299, 324; free trade 172–5, 176–7, 344; gambling 164–5, 321; gold standard 82, 83, 146–8; governing classes 128, 129, 144, 258–9, 268–9, 285; his physical appearance 34, 56, 191, 210; history 130, 259–61; House of Lords 61, 129, 258–9; human happiness 139–40; individualism 150–51, 358; investment strategy 281–2; Jews 308–9; Labour Party 128–9, 151, 157–8, 353; laissez faire 143–4; leisure 295, 327; liberty and equality 258, 353; master-economists 137; morality 58–60, 344; partisanship 50, 127, 152; persuasion 8–9, 11–12; political oratory 159; politicians 127, 134, 152–4; public opinion 60–61; religion 10–11, 36, 164, 280; shareholders 131; socialism 150–51, 353; tariff protection 136–7, 166, 172, 173–5, 176–7; taxation 154–5, 178, 287, 299, 314–15, 318–19; the Treasury 76–7, 90, 315; United States 11, 91–2, 109, 177, 333, 335, 350–51; utilitarianism 139–40, 296; welfare state 158–9, 169, 327–8, 347
Writings: see ‘The Arts in Wartime’; Britain’s Industrial Future; Can Lloyd George Do It?; ‘Dr Melchior’; Economic Consequences of Mr Churchill; Economic Consequences of the Peace; ‘Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren’; Essays in Biography; Essays in Persuasion; General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money; The Means to Prosperity; ‘Modern civilisation’; ‘National Self-Sufficiency’; ‘Paradise’; Tract on Monetary Reform; Treatise on Money; Treatise on Probability
Keynes, Lydia, Lady (JMK’s wife) see Lopokova, Lydia
Keynes, Margaret (later Hill; JMK’s sister): childhood and early life 31, 38, 198, 200, 222; sexuality and relationships 103, 199–200; and JMK’s sexuality 198–9; marriage 199, 200; death 358
Keynes, Margaret, Lady (née Darwin; JMK’s sister-in-law) 15, 198, 235, 241
Keynes, Neville (JMK’s father): early life and education 23–4; character 27, 29–30; scholarship to Cambridge 25–6; marriage 26–7, 32; family life in Cambridge 27–8, 30–31, 33–4, 37–8, 253; university lecturer and administrator 28–30, 31, 141; children’s upbringing 30, 34–6, 37–8, 201; and JMK’s schooling 37, 38–9, 44–5, 86, 203; and JMK’s early career 69, 88–9; and First World War 86; later life 303, 333–4; death 358
Keynes, Stephen (JMK’s nephew) 274, 277, 303
Keynes Club see Political Economy Club (Cambridge)
Keynes scheme see Clearing Union plan
King’s College, Cambridge 13, 70, 128, 323–4, 339; JMK as undergraduate 3, 47–51, 57, 206–213; JMK’s role in administration 276–80, 323; JMK’s bequest to 267
King’s College Chapel 280
Kipling, Rudyard 40, 270; The Jungle Book 36
Knoedler (art dealers) 267
Knox, Alfred Dillwyn (‘Dilly’) 202, 204–5, 209
Koran 150
Labour Party, JMK’s views on 128–9, 151, 157–8, 353
Lane, Sir Arbuthnot 242
Lang, Cosmo, Archbishop of Canterbury (later Baron Lang of Lambeth) 129
Langdon-Brown, Sir Walter 26
Lascelles, Sir Alan 302–3
Laski, Harold 151
Lavery, Sir John 136
Law, Andrew Bonar: Chancellor of the Exchequer 4, 82–3, 84, 85, 266; Prime Minister 145–6; JMK’s views on 82–3
Layard, Richard, Baron 325
Layton, Walter (later 1st Baron Layton) 177, 312, 324
League of Nations 112–13, 114, 119; German withdrawal 307
Lee, Frank 338
Leibnitz, Gottfried Wilhelm von 291
Leith-Ross, Sir Frederick 67, 135, 136, 153–4, 169–70
Lend-Lease agreement 319–22, 337–8; termination 340, 342
Leningrad 148; Hermitage Library 291
Leopold III, King of the Belgians 43
Liberal Party: general elections: (1918) 94; (1923) 154–6; (1929) 160–62 175; JMK’s electioneering 4, 127, 154–62; JMK’s influence on policy 153–4, 160, 186; summer schools 128, 159, 242–3
Liberal Yellow Book see Britain’s Industrial Future
Lincoln Cathedral 288
Lincolnshire, Robert Wynn-Carrington, Marquess of 153
Lindemann, Frederick (later Viscount Cherwell) 137
Lindridge House, Devon 71
Lindsay, Sir Ronald 114
Lloyd George, David (later 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor): Chancellor of the Exchequer 3, 77, 78; 1914 financial crisis 3, 73, 75–6; Minister of Munitions 79, 81, 87; wartime Prime Minister 82, 90, 93, 114; 1918 general election 93, 94; Paris Peace Conference 93, 102, 105; reaction to publication of Economic Consequences of the Peace 145; and Other Club 136; journal article on productivity 143; and Anglo-Russian loan agreement 157; 1929 general election 160–62; depiction of JMK in War Memoirs 165; JMK’s views on 77, 85, 90, 108, 110, 116, 159, 193–4
Lloyd George, Lady Megan 163
Local Government Act (1929) 31
Locarno, treaty of (1925) 270
Locke, John 291
Loeser, Charles 272
London Artists’ Association 267–8
London and Cambridge Economic Service 168
London School of Economics, JMK lectures at 193
Londonderry, Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of 104, 271
Lopokova, Lydia (JMK’s wife): family background 236, 308; appearance and character 220, 236, 240–41, 361; dancing and stage career 4, 236–7, 292–3, 294; first marriage 236, 240; JMK first meets 236, 237; JMK’s courtship 145, 237, 239–40; married life with JMK 194, 220–21, 240–42, 245–7, 277, 283, 323, 333; and JMK’s ill-health 310–311, 356; accompanies JMK on North America trips 246–7, 320, 331, 337, 341, 356; V-E Day celebrations at Tilton 338–9; JMK’s death 359
Lord Chamberlain’s Office 294–5
lotteries 164–5
Lowther, Claude 95
Lubbock, Percy 41–2, 44, 204, 254
Lubbock, Samuel Gurney (‘Jimbo’) 43–4, 45, 169
Lucas of Crudwell, Auberon (‘Bron’) Herbert, 8th Baron 193
Lucas, F.L. (‘Peter’) 144, 261, 262, 279
Lutyens, Sir Edwin 136
Luxmoore, Henry 25, 44, 45–6, 49–50, 204, 208, 285
Lyons Corner House 215, 225, 308
Lytton, Victor Bulwer-Lytton, 2nd Earl of 302
Macalister, Sir Donald 27
Macaulay, Thomas Babington, Baron 324, 349
Macaulay, William Herrick 48–9
McCallum, R.B., Public Opinion and the Last Peace 94–5, 119
MacCarthy, Sir Desmond 52, 136, 253, 255
MacCarthy, Mary (Molly) 253
MacDonald, Malcolm 246–7
MacDonald, Ramsay 145, 157, 162, 171, 172, 177, 276
McKenna, Reginald: Chancellor of the Exchequer 79, 81, 82, 87, 90, 165; McKenna Duties 79–80, 143; 1918 general election defeat 94; Chairman of Midland Bank 135; Tuesday Club member 135, 194; and restoration of gold standard 147; and Macmillan Report 168, 169, 170
Mackrell, Judith, Bloomsbury Ballerina 239
Maclean, Sir Donald 163
McMahon Act (1946) 356
Macmillan (publishers) 107, 178
Macmillan, Daniel 205
Macmillan, Harold (later 1st Earl of Stockton) 80, 205, 314
Macmillan, Hugh, Baron 4, 166, 168, 169, 297
Macmillan Committee on Finance and Industry (1929–30) 4–5, 165–9; Report (1931) 5, 169–71
MacNeice, Louis 294; ‘Autumn Journal’ 7–8, 297
McNeill, Ronald (later Baron Cushendun) 95
Macpherson, Ian (later 1st Baron Strathcarron) 163
McTaggart, J.M.E. 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 140, 207–8
Magdalene College, Cambridge 243–4
Maitland, Fredegond (later Shove) 235
Mallaby-Deeley, Sir Harry 263–4, 301
Malthus, Thomas 21
Manchester Guardian 103, 179; JMK’s articles and supplements 4, 127, 145, 152, 239
Mandeville, Bernard 291–2
Manet, Édouard 267
Mao Tse-tung 6
Margaret, Princess 302
Marlborough, Consuelo, Duchess of 234
Marshall, Alfred: teaches JMK’s father 26, 29; mentor to JMK 70, 125, 126, 137, 138, 139, 326–7
Marshall, Tom 385n33
Martin, Kingsley 13, 128, 175–6, 348
Marxism 140, 150, 257, 273; see also communism
Mary, Queen 302
Mason, Arthur 206
mathematics, study of 25–6, 47–8
Maud, John (later Baron Redcliffe-Maud) 315
May, George, 1st Baron 170–71
Means to Prosperity, The (1933) 178–80
Melchett, Henry Mond, 2nd Baron 116, 328
Melchior, Carl 98, 100–101, 145, 194–5, 273, 308
Melsetter House, Orkney 221, 222
Mendelson, Edward 260
Mersey, Charles Bigham, 2nd Viscount 291
Meyler, Hugh 155
Middlemore, Thomas 221
Military Service Act (1916) 87–8
Milner, Alfred, Viscount 127, 134
Milton, John, Samson Agonistes 37
‘Modern Civilisation’ (1905) 61, 208–9
monetary unions, European 231, 262
Montagu, Edwin: parliamentary candidate 50; Under-Secretary at India Office 50, 70–71; Financial Secretary of the Treasury 50–51, 76, 78; character and personal life 70–71, 193, 378n3; JMK’s views on and relations with 51, 70–71, 134, 192–3, 268
Montagu of Beaulieu, John Douglas-Scott-Montagu, 2nd Baron 143
Monte Carlo 229
Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de 291
Moore, G.E. 52, 139; Principia Ethica 57–60, 77, 253
Morgan, Sydney Cope 156, 234–5
Morgenthau, Henry 319, 321, 342; Morgenthau plan 93
Morrell, Lady Ottoline: JMK visits at Garsington 269–70; views on JMK 192, 233, 269–70; JMK’s correspondence with 88, 107, 149, 214, 266
Morrell, Philip 269
Morris, William 30
Mortimer, Raymond 177, 192, 274; and Bloomsbury Set 255–6, 264
Moscow 242
Mosley, Sir Oswald 16, 136, 159, 164
Moulton, John, Baron 96–7
Mummery, Albert, The Physiology of Industry 141–2
Murdoch, Dame Iris 58
Murray, Keith 205–6
Murry, John Middleton 252
Muspratt, Helena, Lady 135
Myers, Leo 385n33
Napoleon Bonaparte 359
Nash, Paul 268 Nation and Athenæum (magazine): JMK’s management of 127, 142–3, 159, 227; merger with New Statesman 175–6
National Council of Women 33
National Gallery, London: Degas auction purchases 4, 266–7; Kenneth Clark’s directorship 296–7; JMK as trustee 297, 298
National Health Service 347
National League of Young Liberals 287
National Liberal Club 134
National Mutual Life Assurance Society 280, 281
National Parks 286–7
‘National Self-Sufficiency’ (1933) 174
National Service 87–8
nationalization of industry 347, 349
naval mutiny (1931) 171
Nazism 118–19, 294, 309–310, 326
Nelson, Francis St George 222–6, 247, 259, 292
Neville, Anna Maynard (JMK’s grandmother) 23
New Party (Mosley’s) 164 New Statesman (magazine) 11, 127; absorbs Nation 175–6; personal advertisements 244
Newnham College, Cambridge 26, 30
Newton, Sir Isaac 47, 137–8, 182; Principia 138, 291
Niemeyer, Sir Otto 67, 79, 135, 147
Nijinsky, Vaslav 236
Norman, Montagu (later Baron Norman) 167, 171
Northcliffe, Alfred Harmsworth, Viscount 85, 86, 115, 233
Norton, Henry (Harry) 55, 56, 208, 212, 255, 271, 290
Omega workshop 265–6
Orlando, Vittorio 105
Orpen, Millie 162–3
Orpen, Sir William 136
Ottawa 246–7
Owen, Goronwy 163
Oxford University 24–5, 28, 47, 65, 207
Page-Croft, Henry (later 1st Baron Croft) 95
Paley, William 358
Papworth Hospital, Cambridgeshire 32
‘Paradise’ (1908?) 61
Paris 78, 103–4, 266–7; Hôtel de Crillon 233–4; Hôtel Majestic 96, 104
Paris Peace Conference (1919) 96–106, 128; Reparations Commission 93–4, 106, 114, 115; see also Versailles treaty
Parliament Act (1911) 158
party political broadcasts 159
Pasmore, Victor 268
Pemberton-Billing, Noel 234
Pembroke College, Cambridge 25–6, 28–9
Percy, Lord Eustace (later Baron Percy of Newcastle) 94, 163
Perry, Percival, Baron 116
Perugia 231
Peston, Maurice, Baron 325
Pethick-Lawrence, Frederick, Baron 350
Petipa, Marius 237
Piercy, William, 1st Baron 352
Pigou, A.C. 5, 172; Industrial Fluctuations 241
Plender, William, Baron 171
Poland 112–13; German invasion (1939) 312
Political Economy Club (Cambridge; ‘Keynes Club’) 133–4, 181
Political Economy Club (London) 135
Poppy Day (Armistice Day) 313–14
Portland, William Cavendish-Bentinck, 6th Duke of 72
Portsmouth, Gerard Wallop, 9th Earl of 137, 351–2, 391n56
Portugal 320–21
Post-Impressionism 265–6
Powell, Richard 203
Prentice, Charles 385–6n33
Prontosil (drug) 311–12
Proust, Marcel 103
Provincial Assurance Company 280
public happiness, political economy as science of 139–40
Purchase, Fanny (JMK’s aunt) 35, 194
Quakers’ War Victims’ Relief Mission 227
Qualification of Women Act (1907) 32
quantity theory of money 138–9, 181
Queen Elizabeth, RMS 5, 349–50
Queen Mary, RMS 331
radio broadcasts: JMK’s 148, 180, 265, 288, 300–301; King’s V-E Day 338; party political 159
Radio Times (magazine) 159
Ramsay, Allen Beville 244
Rathenau, Walter 145
Reade, Charles, The Cloister and the Hearth 349
Reading, Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of 114, 136, 233
Redesdale, David Freeman-Mitford, 2nd Baron 391n56
Reform Act (1867) 24
Reid, Sir Archdall 242
Renoir, Auguste 267n
Repton, Humphry 22
Revelstoke, John Baring, 2nd Baron 103–4
Ribbentrop, Joachim von 326
Richards, I.A. 279
Ridley, Sir Jasper 282
Ripon, Gladys, Marchioness of 303
Ritchie, Charles 319–20
Robbins, Lionel (later Baron Robbins) 172–3, 254, 316, 324; and Anglo-American financial negotiations 330, 332, 335, 349; on JMK’s oratory 335–6
Robertson, Sir Dennis 10, 133, 136, 145, 253–4, 315–16
Robinson, Sir Austin 9, 134, 181–2, 182–3
Romania 113
Roosevelt, Franklin D. 6, 181, 319, 322, 335, 348
Ross, Robert (Robbie) 217
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 291
Royal Commission on Indian Finance and Currency 70–72, 168, 192
Royal Commission on Indian Tariffs 145, 239
Royal Commission on Lotteries and Betting 164–5
Royal Fine Art Commission 288
Royal Navy, mutiny (1931) 171
Royal Opera House, Covent Garden 301–3
Royal Statistical Society 168
Royston, Hertfordshire 286; golf club 38, 57
Rubens, Sir Peter Paul 265
Rueff, Jacques 165
Rugby School 197
Runciman of Doxford, Walter, 1st Viscount 87, 94, 159, 163
rural preservation 285–8
Russell, Bertrand, 3rd Earl 47–8, 74, 153, 249, 274, 350; Apostle 52, 53; on JMK’s intellect 245; Principia Mathematica 53
Russell-Cooke, Sidney (‘Cookie’): character 227, 229; career 95n, 145, 160, 229, 270, 281; relationship with JMK 95n, 227, 229, 270; marriage 237, 240; death 237–8
Russell-Smith, Denham 211–12
Russia: anti-Jewish pogroms 261; First World War 73, 78, 80, 81; and post-war settlements 112–13, 115; Anglo-Russian loan agreement 157–8; JMK visits 148–9, 240, 242, 291
Ruthin Castle, Wales 310–311
Rylands, George (‘Dadie’) 150n, 256, 278–9, 293, 298–9
Sackville-West, Edward (later 5th Baron Sackville) 274
Sadler’s Wells ballet company 302
St Faith’s preparatory school, Cambridge 37–8
St James’s Court, London 68
St Pancras Registry Office, London 240
St Paul’s School, London 219, 228
Saintsbury, George 120
Salisbury, James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of 259
Salter, Sir Arthur (later Baron Salter) 179–80, 312–13, 315
Samuel, Herbert, 1st Viscount 94, 163, 350
Sandhurst, William Mansfield, Viscount 88
Sanger, Charles 274
Sargant-Florence, Alix (later Strachey) 235
Savannah, Georgia 354–6
Save the Children Fund 103, 153, 200
Saye and Sele, Geoffrey Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes, 18th Baron 134
Say’s law 141
Scandinavian Monetary Union 262
Schacht, Hjalmar 145
Schiller, Friedrich 298
Schneider (armaments company) 113
Scholfield, Alwyn 205–6
Scott, Geoffrey 230, 231–3, 235
Scott, Robert Falcon 211
Scott, Sir Walter, The Heart of Midlothian 349
Second Reform Act (1867) 24
Second World War: outbreak 312; Blitz 296, 317–18, 350; 1941 budget 318–19; Lend-Lease agreement 34, 319–22, 337–8, 342; V-E Day 338–9; Japanese surrender 340
Selwyn College, Cambridge 133
Sempill, William Forbes-Sempill, 19th Lord 391n56
Seurat, Georges 267n
Sex Disqualification Removal Act (1919) 32
sexual lists/statistics, JMK’s 213–17, 229–30
Sexual Off ences Act (1967) 243
Shaw, Charlotte (née Payne-Townsend) 178
Shaw, George Bernard 150; St Joan 300
Sheppard, Sir John Tresidder (Jack) 217, 238; Apostle 52, 55–6, 150n, 279; career 252, 277, 279; character 277; relationship with JMK 37, 252, 271
Shove, Fredegond 235
Shove, Gerald 55–6, 134, 214, 235
Sickert, Walter 267n
Simon, Sir John (later 1st Viscount Simon) 94, 159
Sinclair, Sir Archibald (later 1st Viscount Thurso) 152
Singer, Kurt 308
Sitwell, Sir Osbert 237, 257, 270
Skidelsky, Robert, Baron: John Maynard Keynes 6–7, 15–16, 81, 126, 322, 336; Politicians and the Slump 16
Slovenia 113
Slump (1929–32) 4, 132–3, 141, 165, 169, 177–8
Smith, Adam 42; Wealth of Nations 5
Smith, Helen (later Russell-Cooke) 237
Smith, Logan Pearsall 232, 272
Smuts, Jan Christian 106, 107, 136
Snow, C.P. (later Baron Snow) 237
Snowden, Philip (later Viscount Snowden) 145, 165–6, 170, 287
Society of Civil Servants 76–7
Society for Constructive Birth Control and Racial Progress 242
Society of Dilettanti 67
Sotheby’s (auction house) 137, 291
Spinoza, Benedictus de 291
Spring Rice, Dominick 133, 242
Sprott, Sebastian 238–40, 241, 274, 279
Sraff a, Piero 182
Stalin, Joseph 6
Stamp, Josiah, 1st Baron 136, 148, 172, 276; death 317, 322–3
Stanford, Sir Charles Villiers 27, 206
Stanley, Venetia 193
Stanley, Sir Victor 155
Stanley of Alderley, Edward, 6th Baron 391n56
Steed, Wickham 115
Steel-Maitland, Sir Arthur 136, 137
Steil, Benn 336
Steinach, Eugen 212
Stephen, Adrian 235, 252, 253, 274
Stephen, Karin (née Costelloe) 230, 235
sterling: 1931 devaluation 171; convertibility 346, 347; see also gold standard
Stone, Sir Richard 318
Strachey, Alix 235
Strachey, James 208, 209, 211–12, 221, 222, 224, 228, 229, 235
Strachey, Lytton: appearance and character 56, 210, 249; undergraduate 206; Apostle 51, 52, 208; Bloomsbury Set 253, 255, 257–8; Cranium Club 274; relationship with JMK 191, 195, 209–211, 212, 222, 271; and JMK’s relationship with Duncan Grant 210, 221, 222, 255; relationship with Dora Carrington 235, 239; on Lady Cunard 234; on Lydia Lopokova 240; death 257, 359; JMK’s correspondence with 195, 210, 213, 232, 245; Eminent Victorians 108, 117
Strachey, Oliver 274
Straight, Michael 278
Strakosch, Sir Henry 135
Stravinsky, Igor 236; The Firebird 236
Sumner, John Hamilton, Viscount 93–4, 114, 115
Sunday Cinema Act (1932) 162–4
Sutton Courtenay, Berkshire 116, 194, 268
Swithinbank, Bernard 42, 195, 204, 233
Sydney-Turner, Saxon 52, 253, 274
tariff protection 136–7, 158, 164, 166, 172, 173–5, 176–7
I Tatti (villa) 68, 230–31, 272
taxation 154–5, 178, 234, 287, 299; wartime 79, 314–15, 317, 318–19
Temple, William, Archbishop of Canterbury 326–7; Christianity and the Social Order 327–8
Thatcher, Margaret (later Baroness Thatcher) 6
theatrical censorship 294–5, 299–300
Thomson, George 150n
Thomson, Sir J.J. 121
Tilton, Sussex 283–6, 311, 317, 338–9
Times, The: First World War reporting 86, 88; on Economic Consequences of the Peace 115; rejects JMK’s articles on gold standard 148; JMK’s The Means to Prosperity articles 178–80; and CEMA 298, 300; JMK’s ‘Paying for the War’ articles 314, 319
Tintagel 38
Tolstoy, Leo 85; Anna Karenina 101; War and Peace 100–101, 194
Tomlin, Garrow 274
Tomlin, Stephen 274
Town and Country Planning Act (1932) 287
Tract on Monetary Reform (1923) 126, 138–9, 181
trade, international 132, 133; see also free trade; tariff protection
Treatise on Money (1930) 126, 172, 181–3
Treatise on Probability (1921) 67, 125, 222, 265
Trevelyan, Sir George, The Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay 349
Trevor-Roper, Hugh (later Baron Dacre of Glanton), The Last Days of Hitler 108
Trinity College, Cambridge 52
Tuesday Club 135–6, 194, 275, 326
Turgenev, Ivan, A Month in the Country 289–90
Turgot, Anne-Robert 139
unemployment 132–3, 143, 144, 153, 162, 179; unemployment benefit 169, 327–8; 1944 government policy document 328–9
United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference (1944) see Bretton Woods conference
United States: entry into First World War 81, 84; wartime financial diplomacy 81–2, 83, 84–5, 91–2; and post-First World War settlement 109, 114–15, 117, 119, 145–6; economic growth 132; Lend-Lease agreement 319–22, 337–8, 340, 342; post-Second World War monetary system proposals 329–33, 334–7, 354–6; Anglo-American post-war loan negotiations 340–49; Anglo-American ‘special relationship’ 341, 356; JMK visits: (1917) 91–2; (1931) 177; (1941) 320–22; (1943) 331–3; (1944) 335–8; (1945) 340–49; (1946) 354–6
Universities of Oxford and Cambridge Act (1877) 28
University College, London 23–4, 29
University Tests Act (1871) 24–5, 65–6
utilitarianism 58, 139–40, 296
V-E Day (1945) 338–9
Van Gogh, Vincent 265
Vansittart, Robert (later Baron Vansittart) 41, 42, 104, 136, 234; on Economic Consequences of the Peace 108, 118–19
Varrier-Jones, Sir Pendrill 32
Vaughan Williams, Ralph 17
Venn, John, The Logic of Chance 67
Ventnor, Isle of Wight 38
Vereeniging treaty (1902) 106
Versailles treaty (1919) 106–7, 112–13, 114, 117–18, 119–20, 153, 261; see also Paris Peace Conference Vickers (armaments company) 113, 171
Vinson, Fred 342–3
Waldorf Hotel, London 239
Wallace, Edgar 289
Walter, Bruno 265
Wandless, William 155
War Damage Act (1941) 315
Ward, Barbara (later Baroness Jackson of Lodsworth) 324
Warre-Cornish, Blanche 203
Watson, Alister 150n
We Can Conquer Unemployment (Liberal Party election pamphlet) 162
Webb, Beatrice 57, 160, 230, 258, 274n
Webb, Sidney (later Baron Passfield) 145, 150
welfare state 158–9, 169, 327–8, 347
Welwyn Garden City 286
Wemyss, Sir Rosslyn (later Baron Wester Wemyss; ‘Rosie’) 101–2
West Cambridgeshire (parliamentary constituency) 50
Wherry, George 33–4
White, Harry Dexter 329–33, 337, 342
Whitehead, A.N. 52; Principia Mathematica 53
Wilde, Oscar 196–7, 198, 213, 217, 228, 232; Lady Windermere’s Fan 359; ‘The Remarkable Rocket’ 233
Wilson, Woodrow: wartime presidency 83, 84, 91; Paris Peace Conference 104, 105; portrayal in Economic Consequences of the Peace 108, 109–110, 113, 116, 118; and post-war settlement 119
Wimborne, Ivor Guest, 1st Viscount 104
Winant, John 333
Wingfield-Stratford, Esmé 40, 43, 217
Winterton, Edward Turnour, 6th Earl 95
Withers, Sir John 47, 217, 313
Wittgenstein, Ludwig 240
Wolfit, Sir Donald 298
Wollaston, Sir Gerald 325
Wolseley, Garnet, 1st Viscount 286
women: contraception 242–3; low earnings 243; women students 26, 30
Woodman, Dorothy 175–6
Woolf, Leonard: Apostle 51, 52; appearance and character 56, 261; Bloomsbury Set 252, 253, 256, 273; in Ceylon 209, 222; Cranium Club 274; Hogarth Press 148; literary editor of Nation 142; and Lytton Strachey 206, 209; marriage 252; views on JMK 7, 222, 261; Barbarians at the Gate 261; Empire and Commerce in Africa 108
Woolf, Virginia 142, 148, 178, 252, 253, 255, 323; Views on: Cambridge intellectuals 56; class distinctions 256, 297; communal living 252; Duncan Grant 219; Edwardian England 23; Geoffrey Scott 233; Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson 54–5; Hubert Henderson 142; JMK’s account of Slump 178; JMK’s appearance and character 191, 194; JMK’s ‘Dr Melchior’ 273; JMK’s mind and morals 291, 344; JMK’s wartime Treasury role 78, 89, 128; Lydia Lopokova 240; popular culture 297; Sidney Webb 150; Whitehall clerks 68; Works: Mrs Dalloway 240; Three Guineas 129; The Years 259–60
Woolton, Frederick Marquis, 1st Earl of 352
Wordsworth, William, ‘Andrew Jones’ 88
World Bank 332, 334, 335, 337, 354
World Disarmament Conference, German withdrawal (1933) 307
World Economic Conference (1933) 178, 180–81
Worthington-Evans, Sir Laming 154
Wright, Ralph 386n33
Young Plan 119
Zimmerman telegram (1917) 84