INDEX
Page numbers refer to the print edition but are hyperlinked to the appropriate location in the e-book.
Academy Award 3, 9, 102, 138, 165, 167, 182
Adam’s Rib 93
After Hours 108
alcoholism 24, 67, 71, 125, 133, 137
All the Pretty Horses 166
American Dream 47–8, 89, 91, 109, 147, 150
American Film Institute 108, 182
American Jews 179
American society 10–11, 37, 46–7, 76, 81–2, 123, 166
Andrew, Geoff 51, 67, 118, 147, 165
anti-hero 14, 29, 82, 88, 162, 171
Apocalypse Now 123
art-house 27
Asphalt Jungle, The 8, 152
Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford, The 12
atheism 45, 163, 181–2
audience 2, 3, 7, 11, 14, 44, 46, 69, 72, 73, 79, 81, 87, 93, 102, 105, 139, 181, 196, 197, 200; cine-literate 126; consumer 67; contemporary 15, 18; growing 16; mainstream 54; mass 68, postmodern 142
auteur 1, 5–8, 16, 179, 194–200; classic noir 26; as postmodern film-auteur 19; as star director 1
Bakhtin, Mikhail 5–9, 34, 42, 44, 46, 117, 119, 120, 198
Bardem, Javier 164–5, 167–8
Barton Fink 2–3, 6, 8, 9, 19, 54, 66–84, 85, 87, 142, 173, 183, 195; as parody 80–1; as pastiche 69, 74
Baudrillard, Jean 80
Bible 68, 78, 79, 137, 188, 190, 192
Big Lebowski, The 6–8, 10–11, 116–133, 143, 170, 183, 195–6, 199; as noir parody 117, 120, 130
Big Sleep, The 124, 129
Big Sleep, The (novel) 8, 124, 126
black and white 27, 28, 147, 153
Blade Runner 97
Blood Meridian (novel) 168
Blood Simple 4, 6–11, 15–34, 49, 68, 85, 102–4, 107–10, 112, 123–4, 134, 147–8, 166–7, 173, 194, 196–7; as parody 18; as a pastiche 16
Blue Velvet 67, 107
Body Heat 16–19
Bradshaw, Peter 13, 147, 181
Brazil 86–7, 97
Bridges, Jeff 116, 120–1
Bringing Up Baby 36, 92
Brolin, Josh 164, 167
Brooker, Peter 19
Burn After Reading 12–14, 179
Buscemi, Steve 50, 66, 101, 116
Bush, George H. W. 10, 11, 126
Byrne, Gabriel 49
Cage, Nicolas 32, 39
Cain, James M. 8, 15, 17–26, 29, 68, 87, 109–11, 124, 148–52, 156, 159–63, 166, 168, 175–6, 190, 197
Camus, Albert 110–14, 159–63, 176, 178, 197, 199–200
capitalism 3, 18, 47, 48, 65, 80, 81, 82, 86, 88, 97, 98, 130, 150; aesthetic of 95
Capra, Frank 13, 85, 86–100
carnivalesque/carnival 6–7, 42–3, 119, 120, 199; see also Bakhtin, Mikhail
CCR 127–8, 199
Champ, The 71
Chandler, Raymond 2, 6, 8–9, 17, 19, 23–5, 69–71, 108, 112, 117–18, 120, 124–6, 166, 170
chiaroscuro 27, 28, 112, 153–6
Chicago Sun-Times (newspaper) 33, 117
Christmas in July 92, 139
Citizen Kane 87, 126
City of Nets (book) 69, 74
Clockwork Orange, A 107, 114
Clooney, George 13, 14, 134, 144
close-ups 28
Cohen, Ted 44
Cold War 45
Colbert Report, The 11
Columbia Pictures 70, 74, 75
comedy 4, 6–7, 9–11, 13, 23, 31, 33–6, 39, 40, 42, 46, 48, 49, 59, 64, 68, 85, 105, 107, 120, 139, 140–2, 145, 165, 180, 181, 186, 196–8; animated 35; black 23, 35; British 13, 164; crime 125, 134; dark 102, 108, 110; goofy 11; horror 168; noir 6, 105, 108, 120–7; off-beat 117; screwball 12, 13, 85, 87, 92, 98, 100; slapstick 7, 44
communism 11, 76, 99
Conformist, The 27
Cool Hand Luke 138
Coppola, Francis Ford 16, 51, 52, 123
Corrigan, Timothy 1
country music 143, 144, 146
Coursodon, Jean-Pierre 57
Creedence Clearwater Revival see CCR
Crimewave 7, 35, 107
Criss Cross 17, 155
Cukor, George 92–3
Daily Show, The 11
Day of the Locust, The (novel) 9, 74–7, 81–3
Day the World Ends, The 9
Dead Man 12, 22
Deakins, Roger 68, 102–4, 113, 153
Defiant Ones, The 138
democracy: American 89, 98; capitalist 48; populist 89
Denby, David 14, 33, 165, 181
Depression era 17, 89, 127, 134, 135, 139, 141, 143–5, 149; post-Depression 82
Detour 8, 28–31
dialect 105; regional 104, 107, 199
dialogism; see Bakhtin, Mikhail
Diamond Jim 88
doppelgänger 43, 156
Double Indemnity 8, 17–20, 22, 149–52
Drunken Driver Has the Right of Way, The 9
Dudeism 120–1; Dudespeak 120, 126; and masculinity 131
Eastwood, Clint 12
Ebert, Roger 12, 33, 34, 51, 68, 86, 102, 117, 144, 165
Eco, Umberto 118, 126
Elsaesser, Thomas 198; see also auteur
emptiness 166
epicurean aesthetic 199
epistemological 4, 106
ethnic identity 22, 167
Evil Dead, The 7, 107
Executive Suite 86
existentialism 110, 111, 159, 197
Exline, Pete 121–4
Expressionism: German 152; mise-en-scène 112; neo- 27; post- 112
fable 33, 184–6, 191, 193, 197
fantasy 33–5, 131, 135, 162–3, 183
Farewell, My Lovely 126
Fargo 3, 6, 101–15, 116–17, 121, 164–6, 172–3, 195; as parody 106, 108
fascism 68, 76, 82; European 78
Faulkner, William 135
femininity 37–8, 60
femme fatale 20–1, 25, 151, 158, 171; see also Blood Simple and Hollywood and noir
film festivals: Cannes 66, 102, 147; New York 15, 51; Sundance 15; Toronto 15
Finney, Albert 49
Fitzgerald, F. Scott 74
French New Wave 152
Freud, Sigmund 20, 22, 41–4, 60, 132, 156, 162
Friedrich, Otto 69, 71–2, 74, 75
gangsters 50, 52, 53, 54, 63, 116, 134; argot 53; classic 65, 139; comedy 64; culture 25; genre 34, 51, 52, 56, 65, 138; movie 8, 49, 51, 52, 53, 65; neo- 51; violence 105
Gates of Eden, The 9
Generations (TV series) 107
Giddins, Gary 51
Glass Key, The (novel) 9, 25, 53–66
Godfather, The 52
Godfather II, The 52
Godfather III, The 51
Goodfellas 51
Goodman, John 32, 66, 116, 122, 137
Grammy award 127, 144, 146
Great Depression see Depression era
Great McGinty, The 9
Guardian, The (newspaper) 147
Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner? 4
Gulf War 10, 122, 126
Hail the Conquering Hero 92
Hammett, Dashiell 8–9, 14, 17, 19, 23–5, 49, 51–65, 68, 74, 87, 124, 166, 170
Harden, Marcia Gay 49
Harris, Emmylou 144
Hawks, Howard 36–8, 52, 54, 92–3, 124, 129
Hedaya, Dan 15, 21
hedonism 199
heritage cinema 18
hero 24, 56, 77, 82–3, 88–9, 91–2, 98, 107, 111–12, 11–16, 118, 124, 134–5, 137–8, 141, 149, 160, 170, 177, 195; accidental 92, 117; heroine 93; humanist 98; mythic 135; patriarchal 170; populist 88–9, 91; proletarian 83; romantic 60; suicidal 88; warrior- 92; working-class 73; see also anti-hero and noir and western
heterosexuality 25, 63, 192
Hibbs, Thomas S. 31
High Noon 46, 168
hippie counterculture 127, 180
His Girl Friday 36, 93
Hitchcock, Alfred 23, 52, 109, 152, 155–6, 158
Hobbes, Thomas 39
Hollywood 1, 8–17, 20–1, 34, 66–8, 73–5, 80–3, 92, 98–9, 107, 122–4, 139, 141, 143, 195; action movies 36; classic 17, 54, 80–1, 87; comedies 10, 39, 93; early 42; noir 21, 110, 158; old 68–72, 85–6, 198; post-studio 198; pre-code 65; Renaissance 16; westerns 34, 46, 47, 127, 168
Homer 134–43
homoeroticism 25, 61–5; narrative 25; repress 61; subtext 61, 62, 65
homosexuality 25, 61, 63–5, 126, 128, 158; culture of 65; latently 56; male 157–8; passive 157, treatment of 157
homosociality 65
horror 6–8, 22–3, 43, 68, 101, 109, 168–9, 173
Hot Spot, The 28–9
Hudsucker Proxy, The 12–13, 85–100, 103, 107, 195
humour 4, 6–7, 18, 23, 34–6, 39–44, 68, 78, 87, 105, 107, 115, 117, 120–2, 167, 176, 194; black 7, 13, 45, 109, 148, 181, 196, 198, 199; dark 23, 74; gross-out 7; see also carnivalesque and comedy and Kant, Immanuel
Hunter, Holly 32, 135
Huston, John 8, 45
Hutcheon, Linda 46, 120, 141
hybridisation 6–8, 34, 68, 168; carnivalesque 6; comedy 108; dialogical 8; generic 35; ironic 34; novelistic 34; re-adaptation 17; slapstick 7; see also Bakhtin, Mikhail
idiom: affected 33; cosmopolitan 124; cowboy- 126; hard-boiled 23, 53–4; musical 146; regional 38, 104; see also dialect
Independent, The 117
Independent Spirit Awards 102
Inside Llewyn Davis 12, 14, 199
Intolerable Cruelty 12–13, 100, 164, 197
irony 7, 10, 18, 75, 78, 103, 114, 125, 128, 146, 149, 152, 157, 166, 191–2, 197–8; cynical 91; dark 115; self-30, 52; self-deprecating 183; see also postmodernism
Isaac, Oscar 14
It’s a Wonderful Life 87–8, 98
Jameson, Fredric 4–5, 18–9, 80, 117
Jones, Chuck 35
Jones, Tommy Lee 164, 167–8
Judaism 180–1, 183–4, 186
Kael, Pauline 7, 16, 33,
Kafka, Franz 183–6, 192
Kafkaesque 183, 186, 192
Kant, Immanuel 40
Kasdan, Lawrence 16–19
Keystone Kops 35–6
Killers, The 52
King of New York 51
Kiss Me Deadly 153
KKK see Ku Klux Klan
Krauss, Alison 144
Krutnik, Frank 20, 24, 56
Kubrick, Stanley 6, 16, 45, 68, 107
Ku Klux Klan 137, 141–3, 145
Lady Eve, The 10, 36, 91, 93
Ladykillers, The 12, 13, 164, 197
l’amour fou 149
landscape 103–4, 108, 112, 156, 166–7
Lang, Fritz 86, 95, 97, 99
left-wing 1, 66, 68, 72–3, 82
legend 22, 96, 103, 107, 145, 167
LeRoy, Mervyn 65, 139
Lilies of the Field, The 138
Little Caesar 65
Long Goodbye, The 108
Long Goodbye, The (novel) 126
Los Angeles Times (newspaper) 15, 51, 93
Lynch, David 2, 67, 80, 107, 147
Macy, William H. 101–2
Mad Max 34, 43, 45
Mahoney, John 71
Maltese Falcon, The 8, 54, 56, 158
Man Who Wasn’t There, The 2, 8, 19, 147–63, 170, 175–6, 183, 196, 197
Marlowe, Philip 24, 112, 124–7, 170
masculinity 3, 20, 25, 58, 60, 110, 130–1, 157, 170, 173–4; definition of 37, 56, 131; hard-boiled 65; hommes fatal 110, 158; ideal of 172; identity 56; male-dominated criminal 58; male melodrama 56; models of 130–1, 170–1; representation of 56; and manhood 130–1, 170; see also hero
masochism 57, 62
mass man 76, 77, 82
Mayer, Louis B. 70, 72
McCarthy, Cormac 8, 164, 165–9, 173, 175–77, 197
McDormand, Frances 15, 20, 32, 101, 102, 148
Meet John Doe 88
Metropolis 86, 95, 97, 99–100
MGM 71–2, 81
Milius, John 121, 123
Miller, Arthur 79–80
Miller’s Crossing 2–3, 6, 8, 19, 49–6, 68, 113, 124, 173, 195; see also gangster movie and homoeroticism and homosexuality
Minneapolis 103, 106–7, 113, 179
Minnesota 101–5, 107–8, 112, 114–15, 129, 180
Miracle of Morgan’s Creek, The 10, 92
mise-en-scène 48, 94, 95, 112
Mississippi 13, 45, 71, 75, 134–5, 139, 143–5; see also Depression-era
Miss Lonelyhearts (novel) 74
Moore, Julianne 124
Mr. Deeds Goes to Town 87, 89–91
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington 89
Mulholland Drive 147
Myrt and Marge 140
myth 22, 43, 47, 89, 93, 96, 109, 114–15, 121, 135–8, 167, 173, 200; American 10, 92, 97–8
National Board of Review 182
National Book Award 166
National Society of Film Critics 182
naturalism 104, 120
Nausea (novel) 112, 161
New York City 85, 94–5, 97
New Yorker (magazine) 16, 51, 68, 165
New York Film Critics’ Circle 102
New York Times (newspaper) 15, 33, 44, 67, 118, 165, 181
Nietzsche, Friedrich 31
Night of the Hunter, The 45
nihilism 31, 55, 81, 116, 119, 129, 131, 164, 166, 200; active 31; antithesis of 127; crypto- 4; passive 31; self-pitying 29
No Country for Old Men 13, 164–78, 179, 196, 197
No Country for Old Men (novel) 8
noir 3, 6, 8, 15–19, 20–2, 26–31, 49, 52, 56, 68, 102, 108–15, 117, 120, 125, 127, 130, 133, 147–61, 168, 170–1, 197; blanc 107; comedy 105, 108; desert 8; fatalism 111–12; gangster 138; homosexual 158; melodrama 18, 27; mise-en-scène 27–8, 155; narrative 194; neo- 16, 28, 29, 31, 108; pessimism 112; post-classical 108; surrealist 147; un-heroic 111; and femme fatale and pessimism 108
normality 40, 56, 105–6
O Brother, Where Art Thou? 2, 3, 9, 127, 134–146, 195, 199; see also Homer and myth
Odets, Clifford 8, 9, 19, 68, 69, 72–4, 76, 81, 85, 86, 87, 166
Odyssey, The 134–9
paedophilia 7
Palm Beach Story, The 10, 36–8
Palmer, Barton R. 2, 9–10, 16–7, 19–20, 27, 39, 74, 80, 87, 93, 97, 99, 100, 104–5, 142, 153, 197–8
parable 3, 99, 119, 179, 182–6, 189
paradox 2, 18, 41, 54, 83, 114, 121, 179, 183, 186–93, 198
parody 4–5, 8, 10, 18, 36, 46–7, 51, 73–4, 80–1, 87, 108, 117, 120, 124, 131–3, 138, 143, 186, 195; blank pastiche 18, 80; noir 117, 120; and postmodern 80; self-reflexive 46; see also Jameson, Fredric and Keystone Kops and pastiche
pastiche 4–5, 8, 16, 18–19, 34, 44, 51–2, 80–1, 86, 89, 93, 98–100, 117–18, 126, 130, 138, 141–2, 161; gangster 51–2, 56, 68; and postmodernism
paterfamilias 135, 138, 195
pessimism 30–1, 78, 111–12, 115
Phantom Lady 155
Philadelphia Story, The 93
Pitt, Brad 14
Polanski, Roman 6, 68
Postman Always Rings Twice, The 17
Postman Always Rings Twice, The (novel) 18–22, 25, 110, 149–51, 159–62, 175
postmodernism 4, 5, 44, 80, 82, 198; aesthetic 4, 80, 108, 148; art 4, 18, 94; cinema 18, 34; era 4; film-auteur 19; irony 12; parody 46; pastiche 4–5, 18–9, 44, 46, 80; see also Baudrillard, Jean and Jameson, Fredric
Power and the Glory, The 88
Powerpuff Girls (movie) 118–19
Powerpuff Girls (TV cartoon) 118
Psycho 152
psychopathy 6, 14, 17, 20, 41, 51, 60, 108–9, 114, 156, 168, 171–3
Pulitzer Prize 166
pulp fiction 8, 15, 17, 19, 24–5, 56, 117, 120, 124, 130, 148, 168, 197
Pulp Fiction 108
Pulver, Andrew 2, 11
Rabelais, François 6, 42
racism 21, 137–8, 140, 142–3, 145
Rafelson, Bob 17
Raimi, Sam 7, 27, 35, 85, 87, 107
Raising Arizona 6–7, 9, 11, 32–48, 51, 103, 134, 194; as parody 47; see also Bakhtin, Mikhail and comedy and humour
Reagan, Ronald 10, 17, 48
realism 82, 87, 145, 167, 173; anti-realism 93; cinematic 33, 52; of the characters 104; grotesque 6, 42; lack of 103; literary 82; social 139; superrealism 82
reality 11, 33, 35, 60, 77, 82–4, 86, 93, 102–3, 106, 108, 111–15, 140–1, 144, 158, 159–61, 163, 173, 183, 195, 200; historical 4, 10, 80, 145; hyper-reality 82; illusion of 93; social 34, 150
Rear Window 52
Red Harvest (novel) 23, 53–4, 64–5
Red Rock West 29
Reed, Carol 27, 52
representation 12, 20, 65, 81–4, 100, 141, 158, 197; artistic 18, 129; fictional 82; forms of 46, 82; mass-mediated 83; paradox of 83; of the past 10; transgressive 56
Repulsion 6, 68
Reservoir Dogs 108
right-wing 10, 76, 123, 131
RKO 75, 81
Road, The 166, 177
Road Runner (TV series) 35, 48, 87
Robbins, Tim 85
Rolling Stone (magazine) 120
roman noir 23, 52
sadism 62, 168, 175
Santa Rosa (California) 147, 155–6
Sarris, Andrew 165
Sartre, Jean-Paul 110, 112, 114–15, 161, 197
Scarface 52
Schopenhauer, Arthur 31
Schrader, Paul 26–7, 152, 159
Schrödinger, Erwin 191, 193
Scorsese, Martin 108
Scott, A. O. 165, 181
Scott, Ridley 97
SDS 11, 123
Serious Man, A 2, 14, 175, 179– 93, 198–200
sexuality 13, 20, 24, 42, 56, 62, 120, 128, 148, 157; identity 63, 158; promiscuity 129; psycho- 63–4
Shadow of a Doubt 155
Shane 168
Shining, The 6, 68
Simple Plan, A 107
Siodmak, Robert 8, 17, 52, 155
socialism 11, 47
Some Like it Hot 64
Sonnenfeld, Barry 1–2, 13, 27, 35, 51
Spicer, Andrew 20
Stam, Robert 9, 119
stereotype 5, 39, 70, 131, 133, 165, 172; comic 38–9, 70; cultural 133, 141; ethnic 105; gender 39, 105; Jewish 181; racist 21, 39
Stone, Oliver 3, 29, 108
Stranger, The (novel) 110, 160–2, 176
Strangers on a Train 158
Students for a Democratic Society see SDS
Stuhlbarg, Michael 180
Sturges, Preston 9–11, 13, 36–9, 46, 48, 85–8, 91–3, 98, 100, 139, 141–2, 145, 195, 200
Sullivan’s Travels 9, 11, 138–41, 145, 200
Sunday Times (newspaper) 102
Sunset Blvd. 156
surrealism 68; American 82; dream 82, 120, 183
Sweet Smell of Success, The 85–6
symbolism 60, 107; existentialist 28; Freudian 132; iconic 155; mythic 43; narrative 177; parable 184; religious 146
Tarantino, Quentin 108
Tenant, The 6, 68
Texas 8, 11, 15, 19, 21, 24, 28, 30, 49, 122, 143, 164, 166–8; and Blood Simple and Miller’s Crossing and No Country for Old Men
They Live by Night 28
Third Man, The 27, 52
Thornton, Billy Bob 107, 147
Time Out (magazine) 51, 118, 147, 165, 181
Times (newspaper) 102
Torn Curtain 23
Touch of Evil 153
Trial, The (novel) 183, 185, 192
Triumph of the Will 142
True Grit 12
True Grit (novel) 166
Turturro, John 49, 66, 73, 134
Ulmer, Edgar 8, 26, 28–31
Underneath, The 17
Unforgiven 12
Union Station 144
Universal Studios 12, 75
U-Turn 29, 108
Van Zandt, Townes 133
Variety (magazine) 102, 117
Vietnam War 10, 120, 169
Village Voice (magazine) 12, 51, 147
violence 6–7, 16, 22–5, 35–6, 42, 47, 50, 54–5, 62, 64, 77, 84, 105–7, 102, 131, 161, 168–70, 173, 199; and Blood Simple and No Country for Old Men and Raising Arizona
Walsh, M. Emmet 15, 39
Walsh, Raoul 138
Walters, Ben 6, 181
Warner Bros. 65, 70, 81, 88
Warner, Jack 70–1, 158
Welles, Orson 87, 117, 153
West, Nathanael 8–9, 19, 68–9, 74–7, 78–84, 87, 166
western 12, 27, 46, 100, 125, 127, 133, 167–71; hero 170; iconography 169; Midwestern 104; myth 96; see also Hollywood
White Heat 138
Wilder, Billy 8, 17–9, 26, 64, 152, 156
Williams, William Carlos 74
Wise Blood (novel) 45
Wise, Robert 86
Wizard of Oz, The 142–3
working class 58, 82–3, 89, 99, 149, 164
World War II 78, 92
XYZ Murders, The 35