Notes
1. Eating to Live
1 Government Accountability Office.
2 Lewis H. Kuller, et al.,
Archives of Internal Medicine, January 9, 2006: “10-year Follow-up of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in the Cardiovascular Health Study.”
3 Bertram Pitt, David Waters, et al.,
New England Journal of Medicine, July 8, 1999: “Aggressive Lipid-lowering Therapy Compared with Angioplasty in Stable Coronary Artery Disease.”
2. “Someday We’ll Have to Get Smarter”
1 G. Bjerregarrd and A. Jung’u,
East African Medical Journal, January 1991: “Breast Cancer in Kenya: A Histopathologic and Epidemiologic Study.”
2 K. M. Dalessandri and C. H. Organ Jr.,
American Journal of Surgery, April 1995: “Surgery, Drugs, Lifestyle and Hyperlipidemia.”
3 T. Colin Campbell with Thomas M. Campbell II,
The China Study, BenBella Books, 2005.
4 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health.
5 R. W. Wissler, D. Vesselinovitch,
Advanced Veterinary Science Comp Med, 1977: “Atherosclerosis in Nonhuman Primates.”
3. Seeking the Cure
1 Campbell with Campbell.
2 The most frequent dosage was 4 grams, twice a day, of cholestyramine, and 40 to 60 milligrams daily of lovastatin.
4. A Primer on Heart Disease
1 K. M. Dalessandri and C. H. Organ, Jr.,
American Journal of Surgery, April 1995: “Surgery, Drugs, Lifestyle and Hyperlipidemia.”
2 Campbell with Campbell.
3 W. Castelli, J. Doyle, T. Gordon, et al.,
Circulation , May 1977: “HDL Cholesterol and Other Lipids in Coronary Heart Disease.”
5. Moderation Kills
1 N. B. Oldridge, G. H. Guyatt, M. E. Fischer, and A. A. Rimm,
Journal of the American Medical Association, August 19, 1988: “Cardiac Rehabilitation After Myocardial Infarction; Combined Experience of Randomized Clinical Trials.”
2 Various authors,
Journal of the American Medical Association, February 8, 2006: “Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Risk of Invasive Breast Cancer”; “Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Risk of Colorectal Cancer and Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial.”
3 W. C. Roberts,
American Journal of Cardiology, September 1, 1989: “Atherosclerotic Risk Factors—Are There Ten or Is There Only One?”
4 R. Luyken, F. Luyken-Louing, and N. Pikaar,
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1964: “Nutrition Studies in New Guinea; Epidemiological Studies in a Highland Population of New Guinea: Environment, Culture and Health Status.”
5 N. Werner, et al.,
New England Journal of Medicine, September 8, 2005: “Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Cardiovascular Outcomes.”
6 Robert A. Vogel,
Clinical Cardiology, June 1999: “Brachial Artery Ultrasound: A Noninvasive Tool in the Assessment of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins.”
7 Christopher P. Cannon, et al.,
New England Journal of Medicine, April 8, 2004: “Intensive versus Moderate Lipid Lowering with Statins After Acute Coronary Syndromes.”
8 The Nobel laureates: Drs. Robert F. Furchgott, Ferid Murad, and Louis J. Ignarro.
6. Living, Breathing Proof
1 E. A. Brinton, S. Eisenberg, and J. L. Breslow,
Journal of Clinical Investigation, January 1990: “A Low-fat Diet Decreases High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol Levels by Decreasing HDL Apolipoprotein Transport Rates.”
7. Why Didn’t Anyone Tell Me?
1 K. L. Gould,
Circulation, September 1994: “Reversal of Coronary Atherosclerosis: Clinical Promise as the Basis for Noninvasive Management of Coronary Artery Disease.”
2 J. Stamler, D. Wentworth, and J. D. Neaton, for MRFIT Research Group,
Journal of the American Medical Association, November 28, 1986: “Is Relationship Between Serum Cholesterol and Risk of Premature Death from Coronary Heart Disease Continuous and Graded?”
3 W. Castelli,
Prevention, November 1996: “Take This Letter to Your Doctor.”
4Nutrition Action, September 2004, Volume 31.
5 Campbell with Campbell.
6 T. Colin Campbell, from an address to the First National Conference for the Elimination of Coronary Artery Disease, October 1991, Tucson, AZ; quoted by Charles Attwood, M.D., in an interview with the author.
7 Increasing interest in coronary disease prevention led to the 2nd National Conference on Lipids in the Elimination and Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease, held in association with The Disney Company in Orlando, Florida, in September 1997. The theme: shifting the paradigm of treatment from invasive symptomatic treatments toward arrest and reversal of disease through nutritional changes. The proceedings were published as a supplement to the
American Journal of Cardiology, November 26, 1998.
8. Simple Steps
1 D. J. Jenkins, et al.,
New England Journal of Medicine, October 5, 1989: “Nibbling versus Gorging: Metabolic Advantages of Increased Meal Frequency.”
9. Frequently Asked Questions
1 R. D. Mattes,
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, March 1993: “Fat Preference and Adherence to a Reduced-fat Diet.”
2 M. H. Frick, et al.,
New England Journal of Medicine, November 12, 1987: “Helsinki Heart Study: Primary-prevention Trial with Gemfibrozil in Middle-aged Men with Dyslipidemia. Safety of Treatment, Changes in Risk Factors and Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease.”
3 G. Weidner, S. L. Connor, J. F. Hollis, and W. E. Connor,
Annals of Internal Medicine, 1992: “Improvements in Hostility and Depression in Relation to Dietary Change and Cholesterol Lowering. The Family Heart Study.”
4The Lancet, November 19, 1994, Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group: “Randomized Trial of Cholesterol Lowering in 4,444 Patients with Coronary Heart Disease.”
10. Why Can’t I Have “Heart Healthy” Oils?
1 Michel de Lorgeril, et al.,
Circulation, February 16, 1999: “Mediterranean Diet, Traditional Risk Factors, and the Rate of Cardiovascular Complications After Myocardial Infarction; Final Report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study.”
2 D. H. Blankenhorn, R. Johnson, et al.,
Journal of the American Medical Association, March 23, 1990: “The Influence of Diet on the Appearance of New Lesions in Human Coronary Arteries.”
3 Lawrence L. Rudel, John S. Parks, and Janet K. Sawyer,
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, December 1995: “Compared with Dietary Monounsaturated and Saturated Fat, Polyunsaturated Fat Protects African Green Monkeys from Coronary Artery Arteriosclerosis.”
4 R. Vogel, M. Corretti, and G. Plotnick,
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2000: “The Postprandial Effect of Components of the Mediterranean Diet on Endothelial Function.”
5 N. Tsunoda, S. Ikemoto, M. Takahashi, et al.,
Metabolism, June 1998: “High Monounsaturated Fat Diet-induced Obesity and Diabetes.”
11. Kindred Spirits
1 J. D. Hubbard, S. Inkeles, and R. J. Barnard,
New England Journal of Medicine, July 4, 1985: “Nathan Pritikin’s Heart.”
2 Steven Aldana, Roger Greenlaw, Hans Diehl, Audrey Salberg, Ray Merrill, Seiga Ohime, and Camille Thomas,
Journal of the American Dietetic Association 105 (2005): “Effects of an Intensive Diet and Physical Activity Modification Program on the Health Risks of Adults.”
3 Heike Englert, Hans Diehl, and Roger Greenlaw,
Preventive Medicine 38 (2004): “Rationale and Design of the Rock-ford CHIP, a Community-Based Coronary Risk Reduction Program: Results of a Pilot Phase.” Viking, 352 pages.
12. Brave New World
1 National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
2 Pierre Aramenco et al.,
New England Journal of Medicine, December 1, 1994: “Atherosclerotic Disease of the Aortic Arch and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke.”
3 Mark F. Newman et al.,
New England Journal of Medicine, February 8, 2001: “Longitudinal Assessment of Neurocognitive Function after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery.”
4 Sarah E. Vermeer et al.,
New England Journal of Medicine, March 27, 2003: “Silent Brain Infarcts and the Risk of Dementia and Cognitive Decline.”
5 Ingmar Skoog et al.,
New England Journal of Medicine, January 21, 1993: “A Population Study of Dementia in 85-year-olds.”
6 M. Breteler et al.,
British Medical Journal, June 18, 1994: “Cardiovascular Disease and Distribution of Cognitive Function in Elderly People—The Rotterdam Study.”
7 Ian M. Thompson, et al.,
Journal of the American Medical Association, December 21, 2005: “Erectile Dysfunction and Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease.”
8 James Fries and Lawrence Crapo,
Vitality and Aging, W. H. Freeman & Co., 1981.
13. You Are in Control
1 René G. Favaloro,
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, March 15, 1998: “Critical Analysis of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: a 30-Year Journey.”
2 John P. Cooke and Judith Zimmer,
The Cardiovascular Cure: How to Strengthen Your Self-Defense Against Heart Attack and Stroke, Broadway, 2002.
3 James S. Forrester and Prediman K. Shah,
Circulation, August 19, 1997: “Lipid Lowering Versus Revascularization: An Idea Whose Time (for Testing) Has Come.”
4 Demosthenes D. Katritsis and John Ioannidis,
Circulation, June 7, 2005: “Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Conservative Therapy in Nonacute Coronary Artery Disease.”
5 The Cleveland Clinic Heart Advisor, June 2006: “What to Do About Chest Pain: Your Knowledgeable Response to Discomfort Could Save Your Life.”
14. Simple Strategies
1 R. D. Mattes,
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, March 1993: “Fat Preference and Adherence to a Reduced-fat Diet.”