Ten Tips for Using Essential Oils
Warnings and Contraindications
The 10 Most Popular Essential Oils
Therapeutic Properties and Fun Facts
Ten Tips for Using Essential Oils
READ BEFORE ATTEMPTING ANY OF THE RECIPES.
1. We are not physicians. We do not claim to have any medical training or knowledge pertaining to any of the illnesses in this book or their cures. Essential oils can be used to complement the medical plan prescribed by your health care professional, but do not use any essential oils without first checking with your doctor to ensure it will not harm your condition or interfere with any of your medications. Some medications can be rendered useless when taken alongside certain essential oils, or have other devastating consequences.
2. Ensure that your essential oils are clinical/therapeutic grade. You cannot just use any essential oil that you buy from your local drugstore and expect to get the best benefits from them. Order your oils online if you do not have a good essential oil carrier near you and buy them from a reputable source. I have listed my favorite online sites to purchase essential oils at the back of this book. You can experiment and find the oils that work best for you. Check the reviews and read the labels. You get what you pay for.
3. Never ingest any essential oil that does not state on its label that you can do so. Some brands claim that all of their essential oils are ingestible. I do not recommend accepting this at face value. Do your research first. We only choose two or three essential oils for ingestion in this book, and even those you must ensure are safe by reading the label. If it does not say it is safe to ingest the oil internally, then never ingest it internally.
4. Some essential oils can be toxic to children. Never give children any essential oils internally, and never give essential oils to children younger than four years old. Keep lids tightly closed when not in use. Store the bottles in a dark, dry place out of children’s reach. I have an old medicine cabinet that my father made years ago. It has sliding doors, tiny long shelves, and is perfect for the storage of many of my essential oils. Be creative!
5. Never touch essential oils to your eyes, ears, reproductive organs, or other sensitive areas. Never apply essential oils to an open wound, cut, or burn. Essential oils are very powerful and strong. You do not want to harm yourself further by getting essential oils into an area they have never been tested on before.
6. Always dilute essential oils with carrier oil, milk, or other liquid unless they are specified to be used undiluted (or “neat”). Carrier oils include olive oil, sesame oil, grapeseed oil, jojoba oil, almond oil, or any neutral oil that you like and works well with your body. When storing your oils or unused portions of mixtures, always use glass containers. I like to use dark-colored amber or green bottles, easily available online. Keeping your oils stored in glass containers in a cool, dark area will prolong the life and effectiveness of your oils.
7. Always perform a patch test before using essential oils on yourself or others. Mix the essential oil in a 1 to 2% dilution for children, elderly, pregnant, or frail individuals: 3 drops of the essential oil mixed with 1 teaspoon of the carrier oil. For typically healthy adults, the ratio would be 3 to 4% dilution: 3 drops of essential oil mixed with ½ teaspoon of carrier oil. Apply one drop of the mixture to your skin and wait 30 minutes to make sure there is not an adverse reaction such as redness, swelling, hives, itching, difficulty breathing, etc. You should ensure that the area does not get wet, as this would dilute the oils and render the test useless. You could cover it with a bandage to protect the area from contamination. Children should be watched closely during a patch test to ensure their safety. Check periodically for 12 to 24 hours. If no redness or any other adverse reaction occurs, then you may assume it is safe for your personal topical usage. If you are allergic to any food made from the herb or plant, then you may assume you are also allergic to the essential oils of the same plant.
8. People who are pregnant, nursing, have high blood pressure or low blood pressure, kidney issues, epilepsy, seizures, asthma, liver issues, heart problems, or any other illness or condition should check with a physician before taking essential oils. Essential oils can adversely affect your medications or your condition. Read warnings on all essential oils and the “Warnings and Contraindications” section that follows. Heed these warnings seriously.
9. When giving children baths with essential oils, always include 1 tablespoon of milk. This step is not optional for children. It will prevent the oils from adhering to a child’s sensitive skin. Always cut the amount of essential oils used in recipes in half when using essential oils on children. Never give a child under the age of four years essential oils.
10. Have fun with your essential oils! Experiment, research, and learn to love these delightful little bottles.
Warnings and Contraindications
If you have any illness or condition, you are responsible for conducting your own research into the essential oils and the effects that they may have on your condition or the way that they may interact with your medications. What follows are the contraindications we discovered in our personal research, but we are not doctors, nor do we work in the medical field in any capacity, and we do not know how essential oils will react with each and every illness, medication, or body type for each individual person. Conduct your own research and perform a patch test before ever using an essential oil. See Tip 7 here for how to conduct a patch test.
ALOE VERA OIL
No contraindications known by this author.
ANGELICA OIL
Should not be used if you are pregnant or suspect you are pregnant. Angelica essential oil should not be used on small children, diabetics, or persons with epilepsy. This oil should not be used before sun exposure, as it is phototoxic.
ANISE OIL
If you are pregnant or suspect you are pregnant, it is best to avoid anise oil. Do not use anise essential oil for long periods of time or more than twice daily.
ARNICA OIL
Can cause allergies in some people such as rashes, eczema, or hives. Arnica oil must be diluted with carrier oil before applying to skin. Never take arnica oil internally, as it can be toxic. Never apply arnica oil to an open wound.
BASIL OIL
Should never be used in baths, never be used if you are pregnant or suspect you are pregnant, or if you have a seizure disorder. Basil oil should never be used by children and never applied directly to the skin, as it can irritate and burn the skin. Do not use during breastfeeding.
BAY OIL
Do not use for prolonged periods of time.
BENZOIN OIL
Should never be used undiluted. Do not use on children. Be extremely cautious with benzoin oil, as it is very thick and sticky. It will ruin a diffuser as it will plug up the filter. It will adhere to skin and should be cut drastically with a carrier oil because it will burn the skin.
BERGAMOT OIL
Should never be used directly on the skin or before exposure to sunlight, as it is phototoxic. Should not be used during pregnancy.
BIRCH OIL
Can be very potent to the degree that it can make a person very, very ill. Its painkilling effects are truly amazing, so some people do take a risk to use it for arthritic pain purposes. Never use on children or someone with an illness. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should not take birch oil. If you are ever in a situation where you feel you must use birch oil, reduce it drastically with carrier oil. We have included birch oil in our lists but not in many of our recipes due to its contraindications.
BLACK PEPPER OIL
Can be a skin irritant. Black pepper oil should not be used if you have any kidney issues, as it can be hard on the kidneys.
BLUE CYPRESS OIL
(See Cypress oil.)
BORAGE SEED OIL
Do not take while pregnant or nursing. Do not take if you have a liver disorder or are taking blood thinners. Do not take less than 2 weeks before surgery.
CAJUPUT OIL
Should not be used on children. Do not use along with other homeopathic treatments, as it can neutralize their effects. It can be a skin irritant for some people.
CALENDULA OIL
Do not use if pregnant or nursing.
CAMPHOR OIL
Do not apply to broken skin. Do not heat. Children should not take camphor oil.
CARDAMOM OIL
Can be a skin irritant for some people. No other contraindications known by this author.
CARROT SEED OIL
Do not use if pregnant or nursing. Do not use if epileptic.
CASSIA OIL
Very potent; always dilute well with carrier oil.
CEDARWOOD OIL
Should not be used if you are pregnant or suspect that you are pregnant. Children should not use cedarwood oil. Cedarwood oil is a known abortifacient and can cause termination of pregnancy.
CHAMOMILE OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive. Can be a skin irritant. Roman chamomile oil is less irritating than German chamomile oil.
CILANTRO OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive. Cilantro oil is not safe if you have any kidney issues.
CINNAMON (BARK) OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive. Not to be used on children, in baths or directly on the skin. Cinnamon oil is very strong and can burn the skin. It should be mixed with carrier oil. Do not use during chemotherapy or if you are taking blood thinners.
CITRUS OILS
These oils should not be used before sun exposure as they are phototoxic.
CLARY SAGE OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive. Do not mix clary sage oil with alcohol. Do not use clary sage oil if driving. Do not use if you have low blood pressure.
CLEMATIS OIL
Fresh clematis oil is UNSAFE to take by mouth. It can cause colic, diarrhea, and severe irritation to the stomach, intestines, and urinary tract when ingested orally.
CLOVE OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive. Clove oil is very strong and can burn the skin. Do not use on children or in baths. Do not diffuse. Do not take with blood thinners.
COMFREY OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive. Do not take if you have liver disease or cancer. Never take comfrey oil by mouth or internally in any way.
CORIANDER OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive. Coriander oil is not safe if you have any kidney issues.
COSMOS OIL
No contraindications known by this author.
CYPRESS OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive. Do not apply to varicose veins.
DILL OIL
No contraindications known by this author.
ECHINACEA OIL
No contraindications known by this author.
EUCALYPTUS OIL
Should be used with caution, as some strong odors can trigger an asthma attack. Should not be used on the face, on children, or with any other medications. Do not use if you suffer from high blood pressure.
EVERLASTING OIL
(See Helichrysum oil.)
FENNEL OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive. Children or people with illnesses such as epilepsy, any seizure disorder, breast cancer, hormone issues, or kidney problems should not use fennel oil.
FIR OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive.
FRANKINCENSE OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive.
GARLIC OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive.
GERANIUM OIL
Should be avoided if you have hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive. Can cause insomnia or be a skin irritant for some people.
GINGER OIL
Should not be used on people with very sensitive skin, as it is very strong. Should not be used on people with gallstones or those who are taking blood thinners.
GINGKO BILOBA OIL
No contraindications known by this author.
GINSENG OIL
No contraindications known by this author.
GRAPEFRUIT OIL
Can cause skin irritation. Do not use before sun exposure, as this oil is phototoxic.
HELICHRYSUM (EVERLASTING/IMMORTELLE) OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive. Children should not use helichrysum oil. Do not take helichrysum if you are on blood thinners.
HIBISCUS OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive.
HOLLY OIL
No contraindications known by this author.
HONEYSUCKLE OIL
No contraindications known by this author.
HYSSOP OIL
Persons with seizure disorder, epilepsy, or high blood pressure should never use hyssop oil. Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive.
IMMORTELLE OIL
(See Helichrysum oil.)
JASMINE OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive. Can be used once labor has begun.
JUNIPER BERRY OIL
Should be used with caution, as it is very strong. Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive. Children and those suffering from kidney issues should not take juniper oil. Juniper oil should never be used for long periods of time.
LAVENDER ESSENTIAL OIL
No contraindications known by this author.
LEMON OIL
Should not be applied directly to the skin. Never use lemon oil before sun exposure, it is phototoxic. Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive.
LEMON BALM (MELISSA) OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive, or have any thyroid issues.
LEMONGRASS OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive.
LEMON THYME OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive.
LIME OIL
Should not be applied to the skin before sun exposure as it is phototoxic, and should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive.
LINDEN BLOSSOM OIL
No contraindications known by this author.
LOTUS OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive.
MANDARIN OIL
This oil should not be used before sun exposure, as it is phototoxic. No other contraindications known by this author.
MANUKA OIL
No contraindications known by this author.
MARJORAM OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive. Should not be used during episodes of depression or if you are taking blood thinners.
MELALEUCA OIL
(See Tea tree oil.)
MELISSA OIL
(See Lemon balm oil.)
MYRRH OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive.
MYRTLE OIL
Never take myrtle oil by mouth. Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive. Unsafe for children or anyone suffering from pulmonary illness or asthma.
NEEM OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive. Should not be taken by people with autoimmune disorders, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, or any liver disease. Children should not use neem oil. No one should take neem oil internally.
NEROLI OIL
Can cause dermatitis in some people.
NIAOULI OIL
No contraindications known by this author.
ORANGE OIL
Should not be used before sun exposure, as it is phototoxic.
OREGANO OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive. Oregano oil should never be applied directly to the skin, as it can cause burning sensations. Do not use in baths.
OREGON GRAPE ROOT OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive.
PALMAROSA OIL
No contraindications known by this author.
PATCHOULI OIL
Should not be taken by people with anorexia nervosa.
PEPPERMINT OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive. Never put peppermint oil on neat or in the bath, as it can cause skin irritation. Not to be used by children under four years old. Peppermint oil cancels out any homeopathic remedies, so you should use one or the other.
PERU BALSAM OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive. Should never be taken by mouth. Do not take if suffering from any kidney illness. Can cause allergies.
PETITGRAIN OIL
No contraindications known by this author.
PINE OIL
Can be powerful; use in moderation. Pine oil can cause skin irritation. Pine oil should be avoided if you have high blood pressure. Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive.
PINK GRAPEFRUIT OIL
No contraindications known by this author.
POPPY OIL
No contraindications known by this author.
RAVENSARA OIL
No contraindications known by this author.
ROMAN CHAMOMILE OIL
(See Chamomile oil.)
ROSE OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive.
ROSEHIP SEED OIL
Should not be used on skin infections, or on people with rosacea.
ROSEMARY OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive. Rosemary oil should not be used if you suffer from seizure disorder, epilepsy, or high blood pressure.
SAGE OIL
Never use sage oil if you have high blood pressure or a seizure disorder.
SANDALWOOD OIL
Should not be used if you suffer from kidney issues. Can cause skin sensitivity in some people. Sandalwood oil is getting to be quite rare due to high popularity. Use sparingly to conserve your supply.
SESAME OIL
No contraindications known by this author.
SPEARMINT OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive. Never take spearmint oil by mouth.
SPIKENARD OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive.
SPRUCE OIL
Do not take if you have asthma or heart problems. Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive.
ST. JOHN’S WORT OIL
Can have several side effects. Supervise usage and perform a patch test before using. Do not use with other antidepressants. Use caution with this oil before sun exposure, as it can be phototoxic.
SWEET ORANGE OIL
Children should not use large amounts of sweet orange oil.
TANGERINE OIL
Should not be used before sun exposure, as it is phototoxic.
TARRAGON OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive.
TEA TREE (MELALEUCA) OIL
Can cause skin rashes and dermatitis in some people. Do not take internally.
THIEVES’ OIL
No contraindications known by this author.
THYME OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive. Thyme oil should not be used in baths, as it can be a skin irritant. Do not diffuse. People with high blood pressure should never use thyme oil.
TRUMPET VINE OIL
No contraindications known by this author.
VALERIAN OIL
Do not take with other medications. Not enough information known to be assured of its safety during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
VANILLA OIL
No contraindications known by this author.
VETIVER OIL
Should not be taken over prolonged periods of time.
VITAMIN E OIL
Do not take by mouth.
WHEAT GERM OIL
Not to be used by people with celiac disease or gluten sensitivity.
WHITE FIR OIL
No contraindications known by this author.
WILD ORANGE OIL
No contraindications known by this author.
WINTERGREEN OIL
Can be very potent to the degree that it can make a person very, very ill. Its painkilling effects are great, so some people do take a risk to use it for arthritic pain purposes. Never use on children or on someone with an illness without specific instructions from your physician. When using wintergreen oil cut it drastically with carrier oil. Almost all of the wintergreen essential oils sold today are not true wintergreen oil, but either birch oil or a chemical copy of wintergreen oil. Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive.
YARROW OIL
Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive. May cause headaches.
YLANG-YLANG OIL
Should not be used on overly sensitive skin. Should not be used if you are nursing, pregnant, suspect you are pregnant, or trying to conceive. May cause headaches in some people. Do not use if you are taking blood thinners.
The 10 Most Popular Essential Oils
For anyone just getting into essential oils, first of all, I say, “Welcome!” Second, you may be at a loss for which oils to get and why. This chapter will give you an idea of the most popular and easy-to-use oils on the market, where they came from, and what they are used for today.
The market is flooded with hundreds of types of essential oils, and it can be a little overwhelming. But if you start out with a few of these ten amazing oils, you can rest assured that you will have an oil to meet almost every need. They are the most popular oils for a reason. They work, and they work well—on a number of ailments.
These oils are also the ones used most throughout this book. They each have their own characteristic therapeutic properties and you can quickly become familiar with which oils provide what benefits. Don’t be afraid to use your oils!
1. LAVENDER
(Lavandula angustifolia)
Lavender is one of the most popular essential oils around, recorded as far back as 2500 B.C., beginning with the Egyptians. They incorporated it into their mummification process, and residue of lavender was found in King Tutankhamen’s tomb. The Egyptians also used lavender in their perfumes and in incense, which soon spread to the Greeks and the Romans. Mary has been said to have anointed Jesus with lavender oil as a baby and at his death.
Pliny the Elder was said to have recommended lavender for all manner of complaints, from menstrual cramps to headaches. The Greeks and Romans used lavender in their baths, strewn on floors for scent, as an insect deterrent, and in perfumery. In the Middle Ages, lavender was used as an aphrodisiac, and women were said to wear it in their bosoms and place it underneath their beds to attract suitors.
It was during the Renaissance that lavender began to have more of a medicinal reputation. The “four thieves” developed an herbal wash for themselves and for the items that they stole from graves. After being caught robbing the graves of plague victims, they spilled their secret ingredients, and lavender was given a new life as a protectant against evil and death.
Queen Elizabeth I and Queen Victoria had their castles strewn with the flowers. Handmaidens were ordered to wash nearly everything in lavender, including the floors, clothing, furniture—even the queen’s hair.
During World War I, lavender once again took on a medicinal and protectant role and was used to treat soldiers’ wounds after Rene Gattefosse, an early aromatherapist, burned his arm in a lab: thinking quickly and in pain, he placed lavender oil on his arm, which healed the wound quickly without leaving a scar. Word of his findings quickly spread.
Today we use lavender for nearly everything, from perfume to a treatment for depression to an insect repellant. Many people find lavender a useful natural treatment for lice and eczema, too. Lavender has found its way into teas, potpourris, air fresheners, and sunburn treatments. The next time you have gas, a hangover, acne, pain, inflammation, or a minor wound, try a recipe with lavender oil and you will see why it has been a favorite of kings and queens.
2. PEPPERMINT
(Mentha)
Peppermint has been recorded for various uses since at least 1500 B.C. It is believed to have originated in northern Africa and the Mediterranean, as Egyptian medical texts include notes that mint was used for stomach ailments. The herb became so popular that it was used as money: the Pharisees used mint to pay their tithes, and the people used mint to pay their taxes.
In Rome, mint began to be used medicinally when Pliny the Elder suggested that mint was an appetite stimulant. Mint was grown commercially as a digestive aid. In the Middle Ages, mint was used as a tooth cleaner, but it wasn’t until the 1700s that medical journals began listing the medicinal properties of mint and its uses: a treatment for venereal diseases, sores, and colds. These Europeans brought peppermint with them to the Americas and discovered that the Native Americans were already using mint medicinally.
Peppermint is thought to be a hybrid between spearmint and water mint. It cannot be spread by seed propagation; it must be spread by the roots. When I have a peppermint plant and tear part of it off to give to someone else to plant, I can’t help but think this plant is part of the first peppermint plant that was ever hybridized, split, and shared with another person, in another place and time.
Today, peppermint is used in everything from soaps to toothpaste to medicine. Peppermint is so healing and flavorful that almost everyone can recognize the scent whether it is in their gum, cigarettes, or mouthwash. Peppermint is one of my all-time favorites for almost any ailment or essential oil need.
3. ROSE
(Rosa)
There are fossils all over the world with rose imprints on them, but only above the equator. In 500 B.C., Confucius stated that roses had been planted so prolifically that they threatened to take over farming regions.
The rose probably first bloomed in Persia or eastern Asia, both of which have ancient texts relating to the rose. In Egypt, roses have been found in tombs and were used in religious ceremonies. The ancient Egyptians mixed rose petals with fat and formed them into cones, which they then placed on their heads to eventually melt, perfuming their bodies.
In the tenth century, Persians discovered a way to extract the oil from the rose petals and developed rose water. This was used in many recipes for creams, perfumes, and lotions. It takes about sixty thousand roses to make one ounce of rose oil, making it very expensive, so rose essential oil is often diluted with another, cheaper oil.
Besides sending a dozen of them to a loved one, roses are used today for everything from nervous disorders to massages to tonics. You can find the oil of roses in skin creams, medicine, and perfumes. Rituals are still performed today that include some variation of rose fragrance. Who can resist that beautiful aroma?
4. LEMON
(Citrus limonum)
Before the tenth century, lemons were mostly used as an ornamental plant. The tree is believed to have originated in either China or India. During the Middle Ages, the lemon was transported to Europe, where it was grown as an epilepsy treatment.
Christopher Columbus brought the lemon to the Americas, where it was cultivated and used by the settlers. Later, the Royal Navy used lemons to protect the crew from scurvy due to its high vitamin content. And during the California gold rush, the lemon was used extensively by the miners to protect them from diseases.
Only recently have we begun discovering the beneficial and medicinal uses for the lowly lemon. In Japan they currently run diffusers of lemon essential oils in banks to keep the tellers alert and prevent them from making mistakes.
Lemons are a culinary delight and are fun to use for decorations, but can also be used for everything from natural medicine to cleaning agents. Lemons have come a long way in the last few centuries and their abundance of uses is clearly one of the reasons that lemon essential oil is one of our top ten most popular picks.
5. SANDALWOOD
(Santalum album)
Sandalwood has been around longer than just about any essential oil. It is grown almost exclusively in India, particularly Mysore, and in Pakistan. The Indian government has owned the rights to all of the trees, public and private, since the 1700s, and has enacted strict regulations on the growing, production, and distribution of sandalwood.
Several countries, such as Egypt and China, import sandalwood and use the oil not only for perfumery but for marking graves and in religious ceremonies. Hindus burn sandalwood at funerals, and use the oil to mark the “third eye” in the middle of the forehead. Buddhists use sandalwood in incense burning and in prayer and meditation. In Islam it is applied to graves as a mark of mourning.
Sandalwood is the second most expensive wood in the world, after African black wood. Sandalwood has a variety of uses today, and is used in everything from anxiety treatments to deodorant to religious ceremonies. Sandalwood is used in treatments for many physical ailments such as cancer, herpes, tumors, and skin issues, but is also used for many mental disorders as well, such as stress, anxiety, and depression.
6. TEA TREE
(Melaleuca alterrifolia)
Tea tree is native to Australia and Queensland. The Aborigines have used tea tree to treat their wounds, cuts, and burns for centuries. In the late 1700s, Captain Cook used the leaves of the tea tree to make tea. The Aboriginal people then showed him how to prevent infection using the leaves. He carried this knowledge to Europe, where tea tree was used extensively.
In the 1920s, it was discovered that tea tree actually had over ten times more antibacterial and anti-infectious agents than what was available to the public at that time. In Australia, the soldiers were given bottles of tea tree to carry in their first-aid kits.
Tea tree fell out of favor with the advent of more popular pharmaceuticals until the 1970s, when natural medicine began to make a comeback and large-scale growing was accomplished using new methods. Now, tea tree is used throughout the world as a safe and effective way to heal wounds and prevent infections.
Tea tree is one of the top three most popular essential oils in the world today, due to its ability to help with anything from skin diseases to dandruff and lice. It is even used today to treat certain skin cancers and yeast infections. Tea tree is one of those go-to essential oils that can be used for just about everything.
7. GERANIUM
(Pelargonium)
Geranium was first discovered growing in South Africa. In ancient texts, geranium is mentioned as being used throughout Egypt in the treatment of tumors. It was believed to have been transported to Europe in the 1700s; it was used as an ornamental and a table decoration until the 1800s, when its medicinal uses were first discovered.
Geraniums are now grown all over the world, particularly in the warmer climates, as it cannot tolerate frost. It is grown in South Africa, Egypt, Madagascar, and Morocco for the production of essential oils.
Geraniums are the perfect hanging basket plant for your porch, but are also used today for treating many skin conditions from wrinkles to ringworms. It is even used in nerve disorders such as neuralgia and shingles. Geranium oil is included in perfumes, soaps, and insect repellants due to its powerful scent.
8. FRANKINCENSE
(Boswellia)
It is said that frankincense was to ancient Arabia as oil is today. The Arabs fiercely guarded their trees and made long, arduous treks through the desert to transport frankincense to trade routes.
The Greeks, Romans, Israelites, and people in ancient Egypt, China, Babylonia, and Assyria all used incense from frankincense in their religious ceremonies and funerals, and many continue to do so today. The Egyptians used frankincense to stuff the body cavities of the deceased in their mummification processes. Many ancient scholars and medical journals sing the praises of frankincense. Pliny the Elder even noted it as an antidote for hemlock poisoning.
Today, the primary countries growing Boswellia trees, from which frankincense is derived, are Oman, Somalia, and Ethiopia. The tree bark is tapped, much like maple trees, and the aromatic resin exudes from the tree. This hardened resin is frankincense.
The word frankincense may invoke Biblical times, but the oil is very relevant today for its ability to be used in the natural treatment of a myriad of illnesses from rheumatism to Crohn’s disease to sore throats. Frankincense is currently being used in treating cancers, stomach disorders, anxiety, eye diseases, and hemorrhoids. But medicine isn’t the only use for frankincense oil; it is even being used in soaps, deodorants, toothpaste, insect repellant, and in the culinary world.
9. EUCALYPTUS
(Eucalyptus obliqua)
English colonists first discovered eucalyptus in Australia, but the Aborigines had been using it for centuries as a tonic and a cure-all.
Eucalyptus fossils have been found in many countries where it is no longer possible to grow eucalyptus due to climate geographical changes. One fossil found in South America is thought to be over 100 million years old.
Eucalyptus has been traded all over the world because of its overwhelmingly positive medicinal qualities.
Eucalyptus is a great food for koala bears, but is used today in naturally treating everything from skin ailments to pain to asthma. It is even used in the making of musical instruments as well as in candy. It’s easy to see why eucalyptus is one of the most popular essential oils in the world today.
10. HELICHRYSUM
(Immortelle)
There is not much in the way of history with helichrysum. It originated in the Mediterranean, where it was used pretty much in the same way it is used today, and it has been known to grow in Africa, Spain, Italy, France, and Greece. In ancient Greece it was used as a respiratory medicine.
It was not until as recently as the 1970s that helichrysum was introduced to America. It soon developed a popular following among essential oil users for its medicinal and therapeutic properties and is one of the top essential oils sold today.
A relative newcomer on the market, helichrysum is one of my favorite oils to use for tissue regeneration, circulation, and rheumatism. But those are not its only uses. Helichrysum is used worldwide for its wound, cough, aphrodisiac, and dermatitis healing properties. Some people even use it for hearing loss, bladder disorders, and sunburns. While helichrysum is kind of pricey, it is well worth the money for its powerful healing benefits.
Therapeutic Properties and Fun Facts
Having worked with essential oils for most of our lives, we have uncovered many interesting facts, quirks, and oddities associated with each of the oils used throughout this book, and wanted to include some of the information for you. The therapeutic properties are listed as well so that you can determine which oils are best for your particular needs. See definitions.
ALOE VERA OIL
Therapeutic properties: antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral, astringent, laxative, diuretic, immune boosting, antitumor, cicatrisant, cytophylactic, vulnerary, and emollient
It has been a widely held belief that the U.S. government has aloe vera growing underground in bunkers in the event of a thermonuclear war. I don’t know if this is true, but I know that it is one of the only true chemical-free cures for radiation burns.
ANGELICA OIL
Therapeutic properties: antispasmodic, carminative, tonic, depurative, diaphoretic, digestive, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, hepatic, nervine, stimulant, stomachic, diuretic, and tonic
Also known as “holy ghost” and “wild celery,” this plant has been used for thousands of years in all types of spiritual rituals designed to bring a person closer to that which is holy. For centuries, angelica has been thought to protect people from evil and the spells of witches. It was grown throughout Europe at monasteries, and has been used for everything from candy making to liquor flavoring.
ANISE OIL
Therapeutic properties: antiepileptic, antihysteric, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aperient, carminative, cordial, decongestant, digestive, diuretic, expectorant, galactogogue, insecticide, sedative, stimulant, and vermifuge
Anise is grown in the Mediterranean region. In the Middle Ages, it was used in the practice of winemaking.
ARNICA OIL
Therapeutic properties: anti-inflammatory, antibruising, antispasmodic, vulnerary, hair restoration, gastrostimulant, vasodilator, immune stimulant, nervine, and vulnerary
Arnica comes from the sunflower family. It is also known as “mountain tobacco.”
BASIL (OCIMUM) OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, antibacterial, antibiotic, antidepressant, anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral, carminative, cephalic, diaphoretic, digestive tonic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, intestinal, nervine, sudorific, tonic, warming
The oil of basil, meaning “king” or “ruler” in Greek, is known in India as a holy oil and has been used as an aphrodisiac for centuries. Thought to be the king of herbs, basil is used extensively in Ayurvedic medicine and can help aid mental fatigue as well as stimulate hair growth and adrenals. A basil plant can grow up to three feet tall.
BAY LAUREL OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, emetic, emmenagogue, nervine, and stimulant
This herb is known by many names: sweet bay, bay, bay laurel, bay tree. Bay is grown in the Mediterranean, and the bay tree is used to make rum.
BENZOIN OIL
Therapeutic properties: antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, antiseptic, astringent, carminative, cordial, deodorant, disinfectant, diuretic, expectorant, euphoric, relaxant, sedative, vulnerary, and warming
Benzoin has been used in the past to purify surroundings and chase away evil spirits, and has been used for centuries as an incense.
BERGAMOT OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, antibiotic, antidepressant, antiseptic, antispasmodic, cicatrisant, deodorant, digestive, disinfectant, febrifuge, vulnerary, and vermifuge
Bergamot is an herb used in teas all over the world, particularly the famous Earl Grey. I love the smell of bergamot oil and like to use it as a spray, in the bath, and as a powder. It has been said that Christopher Columbus transplanted the tree to several different countries, and it has been used in many countries in rituals to protect people from evil or spells. Bergamot oil is also used in eau de colognes.
BIRCH OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, antiarthritic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, disinfectant, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge, germicide, insecticide, tonic, stimulant, and detoxifier
Birch oil has many warnings and contraindications. We have removed it and replaced it with other essential oils in most of our recipes due to its contradictory reputation and its known side effects. It is one of the most powerful remedies for arthritis of all types, but the side effects make it risky to use. When using birch oil, use extreme caution.
BLACK PEPPER OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, antiarthritic, antibacterial, anticatarrhal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antirheumatic, antispasmodic, aperient, carminative, digestive, diaphoretic, expectorant, and warming
Black pepper oil is a stimulant and can be used topically for constipation, fatigue, and exhaustion, and to reduce nicotine cravings. Black pepper is grown mainly in India and was traded in the spice wars. It is hot and spicy to the taste. In the Middle Ages black pepper was used in eye ointments.
BLUE CYPRESS OIL
Therapeutic properties: antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antirheumatic
The oil from the cypress oil tree is blue, hence the name. Blue cypress oil has been used to repel mosquitoes for ages. Cypress means “to live forever.”
BORAGE SEED OIL
Therapeutic properties: antirheumatic, cordial, demulcent, emollient, febrifuge, anticatarrhal, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, and diuretic
I have loved growing borage, with its little blue flowers, for the past thirty years; it is so dainty and delicate looking. Borage is widely grown in Europe, and its leaves are often included in salads. Borage plants attract bees: we will often watch the bees hanging upside down, drinking from the little flowers, until the bee suddenly falls from its own heavy weight and hits the ground.
CAJEPUT OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, antineuralgic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, bactericide, carminative, cosmetic, decongestant, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, stimulant, tonic, sudorific, and vermifuge
Cajeput comes from the melaleuca (tea tree) tree. It is marketed as BettaFix and used in the treatment of small fish for many of the same purposes that people use it, including fungus, bacterial infections, wounds, ulcers, and tissue damage.
CALENDULA OIL
Therapeutic properties: antispasmodic, emmenagogue, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, treatment for sore throat and mouth, vulnerary, menstrual cramps, cancer, and stomach and duodenal ulcers
Calendula oil is applied to the skin to reduce pain and swelling (inflammation) and to treat poorly healing wounds and leg ulcers. It is also applied topically to the skin for nosebleeds, varicose veins, hemorrhoids, inflammation of the rectum (proctitis), and inflammation of the lining of the eyelid (conjunctivitis). Calendula is derived from the pot marigold. Its most common use is as an ingredient in makeup: it has been said that you should never use a lip balm that doesn’t contain calendula oil.
CAMPHOR OIL
Therapeutic properties: anesthetic, antineuralgic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antiseptic, decongestant, disinfectant, insecticide, nerve pacifier, sedative, and stimulant
Camphor can be used as an embalming fluid.
CARDAMOM OIL
Therapeutic properties: antiemetic, antimicrobial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, astringent, digestive, diuretic, stomachic, stimulant
Cardamom oil can be used to neutralize the adverse effects of chemotherapy. Cardamom is grown in the Middle East and is a member of the ginger family. Many Arabs traditionally use cardamom in their coffee. In Scandinavian countries they use cardamom as an ingredient in certain liquors.
CARROT SEED OIL
Therapeutic properties: depurative, diuretic, emmenagogue, vermifuge, and antiseptic
Carrot seed oil is very different and much stronger than carrot oil. Carrot seed oil has long been used by Native Americans in the treatment of worms in the intestinal tract. Carrot seed oil has been used as a remedy in treating hiccups.
CASSIA OIL
Therapeutic properties: antidiarrheal, antidepressant, antiemetic, antigalactogogue, antiviral, antimicrobial, antirheumatic, antiarthritic, astringent, carminative, circulatory, emmenagogue, febrifuge, treatment for menorrhagia, and stimulant
Cassia is the bark of a type of cinnamon tree. Cassia is the most common type of cinnamon sold in America.
CEDARWOOD OIL
Therapeutic properties: antidandruff, antirheumatic, antiseborrhoeic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, fungicide, insecticidal, sedative, and tonic
Cedarwood oil is derived from various conifers, and used to be one of the primary components in paint making as well as in Egyptian embalming practices. Native Americans used cedarwood in their rituals as a purifier, and it was used in ancient days as an antidote to poison. Cedarwood oil has been used all over the world in rituals for centuries, as the word cedar means “power.” I love the smell of cedarwood oil at Christmastime.
CHAMOMILE OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, antiallergenic, antibiotic, antidepressant, antifungal, anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antineuralgic, antiphlogistic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, bactericide, carminative, cholagogue, cicatrisant, cooling, digestive, emmenagogue, febrifuge, hepatic, nervine, sedative, sudorific, stomachic, tonic, vermifuge, and vulnerary
Chamomile can cool a hot, inflamed area. It can be used as a digestive tonic and for wound healing. It can act as a sedative for the nervous and respiratory system.
German chamomile oil
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, antiallergenic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, antispasmodic, antibacterial, digestive, fungicidal, and nerve sedative
German chamomile oil is one of the most widely used sleep aids in the world. Its name means “womb,” and it is one of the few oils especially safe for children. German chamomile oil is used in some parts of the world to flavor tobacco.
Roman chamomile oil
Therapeutic properties: antispasmodic, treatment for respiratory distress, analgesic, antiseptic, digestive, and nerve sedative
I have grown Roman chamomile for many years. It is a wonderful additive to tea and aids in the sleep process. Roman chamomile comes from the Greek words for “Earth apple” and has long been known in ancient cultures as a Sun God. Roman chamomile was one of the Saxons’ nine sacred herbs.
CILANTRO OIL
(See Coriander oil.)
CINNAMON OIL
Therapeutic properties: antibacterial, anti-clotting, antifungal, antimicrobial, astringent, carminative, cooling, and stimulating
Cinnamon was first recorded as early as 2000 B.C. Cinnamon oil has been given as gifts to gods and kings and highly prized for ages. Cinnamon is known as a holy spice as it is one of the herbs mentioned in the Bible, but it has an extremely interesting history: the origin of the spice was kept a secret for centuries.
CITRONELLA OIL
Therapeutic properties: antibacterial, antidepressant, fungicidal, insect repellant, vermifuge, and deodorant
Citronella oil repels insects and is used in all sorts of bug-ridding concoctions, from mosquito spray to outdoor candles.
CITRUS OIL
Therapeutic properties: Antitoxic, antiviral, detoxifier, antibacterial, and circulatory regulation
Citrus is great for cleansing metal toxins, such as mercury. There are many types of citrus oil: mandarin, lemon, grapefruit, orange, and the list goes on. Citrus oil is known for its cleansing properties and its bright, refreshing aroma as well as its acidic properties.
CLARY SAGE OIL
Therapeutic properties: anticonvulsive, antidepressant, antispasmodic, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, astringent, bactericidal, carminative, deodorant, digestive, emmenagogue, euphoric, hypotensive, nervine, sedative, stomachic, tonic, and uterine
Clary sage oil used to be known as “clear eye.” It was first recorded in 4 B.C. in the Middle Ages; the Egyptians used it as a cure for infertility. It was used in the twelfth through sixteenth centuries to make wine and beer, and also as a remedy for scorpion stings. Clary sage oil can be used to balance hormones, and is a great addition to shampoo to stimulate the scalp and reduce your hair’s natural oils.
CLEMATIS OIL
Therapeutic properties: antirheumatic, diuretic, and treatment for blisters, wounds, and ulcers (as a wet dressing in a poultice)
Clematis comes from the buttercup family. Also known as “old man’s beard,” there are almost three hundred species of clematis. Clematis is one of the flowers used in Bach’s flower remedies.
CLOVE OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antiviral, aphrodisiac, nervine, stimulant, and immune system stimulant
Clove is smoked in some parts of the world as a cigarette, although clove cigarettes were banned in the United States in 2009. The oldest recognized clove tree in the world is between 350 and 400 years old. In ancient China, people would put cloves in their mouths before speaking with an emperor to kill bad breath germs so as not to offend him. Cloves are stuck into oranges to make aromatic pomanders.
COMFREY OIL
Therapeutic properties: anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, anticarcinogenic, antitussive, and treatment for menorrhagia
Comfrey is also known as “knit bone,” as it was used for ages in the healing of broken bones. Comfrey has been outlawed for internal use in the United States due to its carcinogenic effects when given internally to rats.
CORIANDER OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, aphrodisiac, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, carminative, depurative, deodorant, digestive, fungicide, lipolytic, sedative, stomachic, vermifuge, and glucose and insulin level stabilizer
Also known as Chinese parsley or cilantro, coriander was found in the tomb of Tutankhamen. It has been said that people are genetically disposed to either hating or loving the flavor of coriander, and that there is no in-between. Coriander seeds are still used to this day to flavor certain liquors. The coriander leaves, cilantro, are widely used in Mexican cuisine.
CYPRESS OIL
Therapeutic properties: anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, decongestant, deodorant, diuretic, restorative, vasoconstrictor, and treatment for menopausal symptoms
Cypress originated in Africa, where it was mixed with tobacco and smoked and also used as a disinfectant. In Tibet, cypress oil is used as a purifier and as an incense. The cross that Jesus carried was believed to be made of cypress wood. Cypress is known as the grief herb, and also as the “tree of death.”
DILL OIL
Therapeutic properties: antispasmodic, carminative, digestive, disinfectant, galactogogue, sedative, stomachic, and sudorific
In ancient Greece, dill oil was thought to tone muscles and was used by athletes as a body rub to help them shape up for competitions. Dill is used in almost every culture as a culinary ingredient.
ECHINACEA OIL
Therapeutic properties: antibiotic, antiseptic, tonic, antibacterial, depurative, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral, febrifuge, and immune system booster
Echinacea is also known as “coneflower.” Native Americans noticed elk consuming echinacea when they were sick, so the practice of using echinacea as an immune system booster spread throughout the Plains Indians.
EUCALYPTUS OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral, bactericidal, decongestant, deodorant, diuretic, expectorant, mucolytic, and stimulant
Eucalyptus oil can increase circulation, clear the mind, be uplifting, and help reduce negativity. Almost all varities of eucalyptus are native to Australia: more than seven hundred species are from Australia. Some people—me included—are allergic to eucalyptus oil, as the odor can cause a powerful headache.
FENNEL OIL
Therapeutic properties: rubefacient, anti-inflammatory, stimulant, carminative, aromatic, hepatic, expectorant, antiemetic, antiseptic, galactogogue, antispasmodic, digestive, diuretic, diaphoretic, and treatment for bruises
Fennel was used in the past by breastfeeding mothers to increase their milk supply. It was given the name “marathon” in ancient Greece, as it was thought to give strength and long life. Fennel was also used to keep hunger at bay during the Middle Ages. In England, it was thought to ward off evil.
FIR OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, detoxifier, aromatic, antioxidant, and antiseptic
Fir is considered a “middle note” in perfumery.
FRANKINCENSE OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, antiasthmatic, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, astringent, carminative, cicatrisant, cytophylactic, digestive, disinfectant, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, sedative, tonic, uterine, and vulnerary
Frankincense is known as a “holy herb,” as it is one of the herbs mentioned in the Bible, one of the three gifts given to the baby Jesus. At one time, frankincense was thought to be about as valuable as gold, and it has been used in almost every culture to rid evil from the world. Frankincense can grow without soil and has been known to grow straight out of large boulders. It is widely used as incense due to its pleasing aroma.
GARLIC OIL
Therapeutic properties: carminative, rubefacient, stimulant, tonic, antibacterial, hypotensive, antispasmodic, anticatarrhal, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antimicrobial, antiseptic, antihypertensive, diaphoretic, anticarcinogenic, detoxifier, and expectorant
Garlic has been proven to be a deterrent of colorectal cancer. Garlic was such a popular food additive in ancient days that the Roman slaves held a protest and would not work until it was added back to their diet.
GERANIUM OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, antibacterial, antidepressant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, astringent, bactericidal, deodorant, hemostatic, cicatrisant, cytophylactic, diuretic, deodorant, styptic, tonic, vermifuge, and vulnerary
Also known as the lemon plant, geranium helps us to keep focus. There are 442 known species of geranium and they come in all types of flavors and aromas. Some species have a long stem and pod that burst open when ripe and spit the seeds a good distance away from the plant. Geranium was used in Britain to ward off evil spirits and negativity.
GINGER OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, antiemetic, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, bactericidal, carminative, cephalic, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, laxative, rubefacient, stimulant, stomachic, sudorific, and tonic
Ginger makes a good preservative, and is used in cooking throughout the world. Ginger is best known in the United States as a stomach calmer, but it has been known throughout the ages as an aphrodisiac.
GINGKO BILOBA OIL
Therapeutic properties: antiasthmatic, antidepressant, antibiotic, stimulant, circulatory aid, antioxidant, treatment for shock, nervine, treatment for congestion, treatment for infection
This plant is unique, as it has no known relatives in the plant world. Gingko is a living fossil and dates back 270 million years. Gingko trees are some of the oldest living plants on Earth, and the gingko is the national tree of China. After the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, gingko was one of the few plants to survive and then thrive. It’s also great for improving memory.
GINSENG OIL
Therapeutic properties: tonic, vasodilator, anti-inflammatory, stimulant, aphrodisiac, and circulation aid
Ginseng is a billion-dollar-a-year industry. Ginseng oil can reduce herpes outbreaks by 50 percent when taken daily. It’s known as an aphrodisiac, brain booster, and a superfood.
GRAPEFRUIT OIL
Therapeutic properties: antidepressant, antiseptic, aperitif, astringent, diuretic, disinfectant, lymphatic, stimulant, and tonic
The ruby red grapefruit is the symbolic fruit of Texas, even though it’s been called the “forbidden” fruit. It has been used in different ways to fight obesity because it is thought that grapefruit oil reduces hunger cravings and speeds up the metabolism. Perhaps unsurprisingly, the United States is the world’s largest producer of grapefruit.
HELICHRYSUM OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, antiallergenic, antibruising, anticoagulant, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitussive, antiviral, astringent, cicatrisant, cholagogue, expectorant, fungicidal, hepatic, nervine, and tonic
Helichrysum oil assists with overcoming addiction. Helichrysum is a member of the sunflower family and grows mainly in Africa. It is one of the most expensive essential oils, but well worth it, in my opinion. In some parts of the world, helichrysum is placed on floors to repel bugs and give a pleasing scent when walked upon.
HIBISCUS OIL
Therapeutic properties: antiallergenic, anticoagulant, antihematomic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiphlogistic, antiseptic, antitussive, cholagogue, cicatrisant, cytophylactic, diuretic, emollient, expectorant, febrifuge, fungicidal, hepatic, mucolytic, nervine, and splenic
Hibiscus is the state flower of Hawaii and the national flower of Haiti and Korea. In these cultures, if a woman wears a hibiscus flower behind her left ear, she is in a relationship; if worn behind the right ear, it indicates she is single and open to a relationship. Hibiscus is made into tea all over the world. It gives a beautiful rosy color and a sweet taste to teas and candy.
HOLLY OIL
Therapeutic properties: digestive, febrifuge, antirheumatic, and emetic
Holly plants are toxic, as are the berries when ingested. Holly is the symbol for truth in many cultures. In the Harry Potter books, holly is the wood used in the titular character’s wand.
HONEYSUCKLE OIL
Therapeutic properties: antibacterial, and antifungal
There are over 180 species of honeysuckle, and it can become very invasive. When we had a well we wished to cover, we planted honeysuckle and it covered the well beautifully. As a child, I used to pick honeysuckle flowers and drink the sweet nectar that dripped from the bottom of the flower.
HYACINTH OIL
Therapeutic properties: aromatic, calming, and nervine
According to Greek mythology the hyacinth flower sprang from the blood of a man whom the gods admired when he was killed. Hyacinth flowers bloom at Christmastime.
HYSSOP OIL
Therapeutic properties: antimucolytic, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, cicatrisant, digestive, diuretic, emenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, hypertensive, nervine, stimulant, sudorific, tonic, vermifuge, and vulnerary
Beekeepers use hyssop for the bees to produce sweet, rich honey. Hyssop is expensive and hard to find, so I usually order mine online. It has been known to cause seizures in adults and children, so use with extreme caution.
JASMINE OIL
Therapeutic properties: antidepressant, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, cicatrisant, emmenagogue, expectorant, galactogogue, parturient, sedative, and uterine
Jasmine flowers open only at night. They are so delicate that the flowers cannot be put through the distillation process to make essential oil. Other processes, such as effleurage, are used to extract the aromatic and medicinal benefits. Jasmine is thought to be a powerful aphrodisiac, one of the oils that attracts love, and has been used in many love potions and spells. The flowers must be picked at dawn, before the sun touches them. Jasmine was once used in China to reduce the effects of alcohol or help with a hangover.
JUNIPER BERRY OIL
Therapeutic properties: antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitoxic, astringent, carminative, circulatory stimulant, diuretic, depurative, sudorific, stomachic, rubefacient, vulnerary, and tonic
Juniper is the ingredient used most often to flavor gin. Native Americans used juniper as a birth control method and in cleansing rituals. It has been used throughout history as a ritual ingredient to protect and as a shield against plagues and diseases, and has been found among ruins in ancient civilizations. In England juniper oil was used to ward off evil and witches.
LAVENDER OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, antibiotic, anticonvulsive, antidepressant, antifungal, anti-infection, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antivenous, antiviral, bactericidal, cicatrisant, decongestant, deodorant, detoxifier, disinfectant, restorative, sedative, treatment for irritability and nervous tension (great for test anxiety), and tonic
The word lavender means “to wash,” and hospitals began using lavender in World War I. Its flowers are frequently used in weddings and as cake decorations. In Japan lavender is diffused to help people remain alert on the job. Lavender was said to ward off the evil eye in Europe, and it was one of the first perfumes used in England. A lavender plant produces oil for ten years.
True lavender
(Lavandula angustifolia)
This is the calming lavender essential oil. It can help relieve insomnia, is great for burns, can be applied neat for insect bites and burns, relieves PMS, can be effective against MRSA and tuberculosis, and can be used as a gargle for sore throats or mouth infections (1 to 3 drops in a glass full of water).
Spike lavender
(Lavandula latifolia)
This is the stimulating lavender essential oil. It can be used for chest congestion, sprains, stiff joints, muscular pain, and—my personal favorite—as a flea repellant for dogs! I rub a couple drops in my hands, then pet my dogs all over twice a day when they are in flea-infested areas. I no longer have to give them expensive pills from the vet, and they smell great! Do not give to children under the age of ten.
Lavandin
(Lavandula x intermedia)
This is a lavender clone, and is also calming. It is great for use in infections, but do not apply without carrier oil!
LEMON OIL
Therapeutic properties: antispasmodic, astringent, cleanse for liver and gallbladder, detoxifier, tonic, stimulant of white blood cells in body (increasing ability to fight diseases)
In the 1700s, sailors learned that eating lemons reduced their chances of getting scurvy. Now, lemon is one of the most widely used essential oils. Lemon oil can make washing dishes pleasurable: add a few drops to the dishwater. Add it to mop water and kitchen counters. In India, lemon oils are often used as medicine. It can even remove ink stains!
LEMON BALM OIL
(See Melissa oil.)
LEMONGRASS OIL
Therapeutic properties: antioxidant, stomachic, sedative, fever reducer, anti-inflammatory, nervine, and immune booster
Lemongrass is commonly planted in gardens to repel insects. It is native to Asia and Australia, and has long been used in Ayurvedic medicine. Now it is used in soap making, perfumery, detergents, and food.
LEMON THYME OIL
Therapeutic properties: decongestant and relaxant
Lemon thyme is my favorite herb to grow. It loves any kind of soil, and when you walk through your garden and brush against it, the scent that fills the air is heavenly. Lemon thyme is also my favorite herb to add to salads. Lemon thyme oil smells like lemon drops, and my grandchildren love to add it to roll-on bottles of carrier oil and use it for some added energy (like they need any)!
LIME OIL
Therapeutic properties: antiseptic, antiviral, aperitif, astringent, bactericidal, disinfectant, febrifuge, hemostatic, restorative, and tonic
Lime originated in Iraq and Persia. The use of lime oil as a protection against scurvy was a British military secret, allowing the navy to remain at sea for longer periods of time.
LINDEN BLOSSOM OIL
Therapeutic properties: diuretic, expectorant, and treatment for high blood pressure
Linden was one of the herbs used to treat women suffering from hysteria. The wood from linden trees is traditionally used to make guitars. It is still used to this day as one of the woods in piano making. Linden blossom honey is thought to be one of the best flavored honeys in the world. Linden blossom is often called “lime tree.”
LOTUS OIL
Therapeutic properties: used in chakra work and meditation, calming
Lotus is the national flower of both India and Vietnam and is known as “sacred flower.” The lotus flower can live and thrive for over a thousand years, and is used in many paintings, rituals, cooking, literature, and religions. In several countries lotus symbolizes sexual “purity.”
MANDARIN OIL
Therapeutic properties: antibacterial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral, bactericidal, circulatory, cytophylactic, depurative, digestive, expectorant, hepatic, liver protective, nervous relaxant, sedative, stomachic, and tonic
In Chinese medicine, mandarin oil is often used to balance one’s chi. Mandarin was named after the Chinese officers to whom the fruits were given as tokens of respect, and is thought in many parts of the world to represent abundance and good fortune. The fruit is traditionally placed in Christmas stockings as a treat in several areas of the world. This is a great oil to use for children due to the pleasant aroma.
MANUKA OIL
Therapeutic properties: antiallergenic, anti-bacterial, antidandruff, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antihistaminic, an antidote to insect bites and stings, cicatrisant, cytophylactic, deodorant, and nervous relaxant
Manuka was the original “tea tree.” It comes from the myrtle family, and its wood is used in making handles for tools and for smoking meats. Parakeets are known to mix the nectar of manuka oil with their saliva and rub it on their feathers to protect them from parasites.
MARJORAM OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, antiviral, bactericidal, carminative, cephalic, cordial, diaphoretic, digestive, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, fungicidal, hypotensive, laxative, nervine, sedative, stomachic, vasodilator, and vulnerary.
Marjoram symbolizes happiness in different areas of the world. It was grown for culinary use by the ancient Egyptians, and Greek newlyweds wore garlands of marjoram for good luck and fortune. In some countries marjoram is used in cooking exactly the same way as oregano. An old saying is that if you keep marjoram near your milk, the milk will not go bad. Good for insomnia blends, aids with cramps, and great to use during cold and flu season.
MELALEUCA OIL
(See Tea tree oil.)
MELISSA (LEMON BALM) OIL
Therapeutic properties: antibacterial, antidepressant, antihistaminic, antispasmodic, bactericidal, carminative, cordial, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, hypotensive, nervine, sedative, stomachic, sudorific, and tonic
Melissa is also known as lemon balm. It can be used as an insect repellant, and is a good remedy to treat shock. Melissa oil has been used in many scientific studies related to illnesses such as radiation exposure, Alzheimer’s, Graves’ disease, and many others, with positive results. Melissa was called “the elixir of life” in the Middle Ages and has been used in winemaking. Melissa oil is very expensive and is often cut with cheaper oils.
MULLEIN OIL
Therapeutic properties: antiseptic, febrifuge, anti-inflammatory, relaxant, and tranquilizer
Native Americans ground the seeds of mullein and used it as fish poison. As the fish would ingest the mullein, paralysis would set in; the fish would then float on top of the water, making them easily accessible to the Native Americans. It has been used as the “drill” in fire lighting, and is smoked like tobacco in many regions in the world.
MYRRH OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, antibacterial, anticatarrhal, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiphlogistic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, cicatrisant, circulatory, diaphoretic, expectorant, fungicidal, immune stimulant, mucolytic, purifier, revitalizer, restorative, sedative, stimulant, stomachic, vulnerary, tonic, uplifting, uterine, and vulnerary
Myrrh oil is good for healing mouth sores, and for respiratory health. It is also excellent for healing skin afflictions, and it’s great as a natural preservative due to its antimicrobial and antibacterial properties. In Bali, the myrrh seeds are crushed, formed into beads, strung, and worn by women around their hips. Myrrh oil was one of the ingredients used centuries ago to embalm mummies in ancient Egypt. Greek soldiers carried myrrh oil into battle to use in the event of wounds or infections.
MYRTLE OIL
Therapeutic properties: antiseptic, astringent, deodorant, expectorant, and sedative
Myrtle is made into a common alcoholic beverage in Sardinia. The Greek goddess Aphrodite thought that myrtle was a sacred plant and, in some parts of the world, it is used in love and immortality rituals. A sprig of myrtle, plucked from Queen Victoria’s wedding bouquet and then planted, continues to give off shoots to this day, and the myrtle is still placed in royal wedding bouquets.
NEEM OIL
Therapeutic properties: anti-inflammatory, detoxifier, and antiparasitic
Neem leaves are used in some parts of the world in cupboards and tins to protect rice and clothing from insects. In India it is eaten as a vegetable, and as a natural toothbrush and toothpaste. Neem has been used to make laundry detergent, natural pesticides, and soap, and has been used in rituals for thousands of years.
NEROLI OIL
Therapeutic properties: antidepressant, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, bactericidal, cordial, carminative, cicatrisant, cytophylactic, deodorant, disinfectant, digestive, emollient, sedative, and tonic
Good for insomnia, scars, and to treat shock, neroli is derived from the bitter orange oil tree and is known as “orange blossom.” Neroli oil is thought to be one of the secret ingredients in Coca-Cola. It is said to take one thousand pounds of neroli blossoms to produce just one pound of the oil. Throughout Europe, during the Victorian era, brides wore neroli blossoms in their hair as a sign of purity.
NIAOULI OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, antirheumatic, antiseptic, bactericidal, balsamic, cicatrisant, decongestant, expectorant, febrifuge, insecticide, stimulant, vermifuge, and vulnerary
Captain Cook named niaouli in 1788. Niaouli comes from the same family as tea tree (melaleuca) oil but is not a skin irritant. It is used in a topical application to the skin before radiation to protect the skin from being burned. It’s also good for uterine infections. Niaouli oil comes from an evergreen tree, and the needles resemble rosemary. It is made into a tea in some Middle Eastern countries.
ORANGE OIL
Therapeutic properties: anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antispasmodic, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, carminative, cholagogue, diuretic, tonic, sedative
Good for flatulence, digestion, stress, and insomnia, there are several flavors and types of orange oil. Orange oil has many uses including as a natural pesticide, cleaning agent, and medicine, and has many culinary and perfumery uses. I have often thought that orange oil is a true pick-me-up. I love to smell it when I am feeling down. Orange oil has been used as tobacco flavoring and as a flavoring for liquors.
OREGANO OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, antiallergenic, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitoxic, antiviral, bactericidal, digestive, emmenagogue, fungicidal, stimulant, tonic
Oregano has been known forever as “God’s antibiotic” due to its healing properties. We have used oregano tincture, salve, oil, poultices, and compresses for thirty years with our family members to get them over stubborn illnesses.
OREGON GRAPE ROOT OIL
Therapeutic properties: antifungal, antimicrobial, and digestive
Oregon grape root has been used in the making of dyes and in food, jellies, and medicines. This plant grows wild in mountainous regions and is often invasive, overtaking indigenous species of plants.
PALMAROSA OIL
Therapeutic properties: antiseptic, antiviral, bactericide, cytophylactic, digestive, febrifuge, and hydration balm
Palmarosa oil is from the lemongrass family and has been used as an insect repellant and in medicine, cosmetics, and soap. It’s often combined with pure rose oil to make rose oil more affordable.
PATCHOULI OIL
Therapeutic properties: antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiphlogistic, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, astringent, bactericidal, cicatrisant, cytophylactic, deodorant, diuretic, febrifuge, fungicide, insecticide, nervine, sedative, and tonic
Patchouli oil is great for the skin and to reduce stress and nervous exhaustion. Incense-loving hippies caused patchouli oil to spike in popularity in the 1970s, and it was used for perfuming ink before the invention of the ballpoint pen. Masters of the Universe action figure Stinkor was manufactured by Mattel using patchouli oil in the plastic mold. It is hard to think of incense without thinking of patchouli, but it’s also a very good insect repellant. In centuries past, Chinese merchants used to wrap their silk with patchouli leaves to keep the insects out.
PEPPERMINT OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, anesthetic, antifungal, anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antigalactogogue, antiphlogistic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, cephalic, cholagogue, cordial, decongestant, digestive, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, hepatic, invigorating, mucolytic, nervine, stimulant, stomachic, sudorific, vasoconstrictor, and vermifuge
Peppermint oil can be used for nausea, nervousness, vertigo, respiratory problems, digestion, skin disorders, depression, and for headaches and migraines, and as a mosquito or spider repellant. Peppermint is an invasive plant and thought by many to be a nuisance, but peppermint oil has been used for medicine, candy, and gum for years and has recently begun to be used in soap and other cleaning products.
PERU BALSAM OIL
Therapeutic properties: antifungal, antiparasitic, and antiseptic
Many studies have shown Peru balsam oil to be one of the top five allergens when doing a patch test. Peru balsam oil is used as a flavoring in many soft drinks, including Coca-Cola.
PETITGRAIN OIL
Therapeutic properties: antidandruff, antidepressant, antiseptic, antispasmodic, deodorant, nervine, and sedative
Petitgrain oil is closely related to neroli oil and orange oil. Its name means “little fruit.” It has been widely used in perfumery.
PINE OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, antirheumatic, decongestant, and deodorant
Pine means “clean” to most people. The smell of pine oil is refreshing, decongesting, and superior to any chemical creation made to mimic its revitalizing aroma. Pine oil is particularly used in men’s products such as aftershave and cologne. It has been used throughout the ages during religious ceremonies in many cultures. (I love to use pine oil at Christmastime.) Native Americans once used pine needles as mattress stuffing.
PINK GRAPEFRUIT OIL
Therapeutic properties: antioxidant, energizer, purifier, and tonic
Pink grapefruit is a citrus fruit; many countries refer to it as “shaddock.” The essential oil is derived from the peel of the fruit, and it is extremely high in vitamin C.
POPPY OIL
Therapeutic properties: anticarcinogenic, poppy oil with iodine is a treatment for iodine deficiencies such as goiter
Opium and morphine are derived from the poppy. The poppy flower often symbolizes sleep, peace, death, and remembering soldiers who were killed in battle.
RAVENSARA OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, antiallergenic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidepressant, antifungal, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral, aphrodisiac, disinfectant, diuretic, expectorant, relaxant, and tonic compound
Ravensara is a very strong antiviral that has been used to treat influenza. It is grown most widely in Madagascar, where its seeds are dispersed by birds that swallow the seeds whole. Ravensara oil is used by some cultures in their rum. It is quickly becoming endangered.
ROSE OIL
Therapeutic properties: antidepressant, antiphlogistic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral, aphrodisiac, astringent, bactericidal, cholagogue, cicatrisant, depurative, emmenagogue, hemostatic, hepatic, laxative, nervine, and stomachic
Rose essential oil is very expensive, but is still the most widely used oil in the world; it is mainly produced in Bulgaria. Many claim rose oil has the power to make others fall in love with us, and also to help us to love ourselves. Roses were thought by the Romans to stave off the effects of alcohol. They would cover the streets and themselves with rose petals before events. It takes about ten thousand pounds of flowers to produce a single pound of oil. Rose oils are also thought to help people to focus and meditate.
ROSEHIP OIL
Therapeutic properties: vulnerary, antiaging, anticarcinogenic, laxative, diuretic, astringent, anti-inflammatory, and cicatrisant
Rosehip oil has been used for thousands of years by people from widely differing cultures, to reduce scarring and wrinkles. Only thirty years ago studies were completed by various universities that proved the powerful effects of roship oil on aging and scarred skin.
ROSEMARY OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, antiseptic, astringent, antispasmodic, carminative, decongestant, disinfectant, diuretic, emmenagogue, restorative, stimulant, and tonic
Rosemary is a member of the mint family. In Christianity it was said that the rosemary flowers had been white, but when Mary, mother of Christ, draped her cloak over the plant, the flowers then turned blue. Rosemary oil has long been used in wedding rituals and in love potions. In the sixteenth century, a home that had a rosemary plant was said to be ruled by women, so men began ripping out the rosemary bushes to show that they were the head of the households. Rosemary has long been held to repel witches in the way that garlic repels vampires, and it was used as a preservative all throughout the Middle Ages.
ROSEWOOD OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, antidepressant, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, cephalic, deodorant, and insecticide
Rosewood oil is distilled from the hardwood of the tree. Used mainly for calming and emotional stability, rosewood oil is said to open the heart chakra and allow one to advance spiritually.
SAGE OIL
Therapeutic properties: antibacterial, anticatarrhal, antifungal, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, cholagogue, choleretic, cicatrisant, depurative, digestive, disinfectant, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, laxative, and stimulant
It may be better to use clary sage oil, as sage can cause side effects. Sage has been a symbol of wisdom, women’s fertility, and protecting one from evil. One of the ingredients in thieves’ oil, it has long been used in Ayurvedic medicine.
SANDALWOOD OIL
Therapeutic properties: antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antiphlogistic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, astringent, calming, cicatrisant, carminative, decongestant, diuretic, disinfectant, emollient, expectorant, harmonizing, hypotensive, insecticide, memory booster, sedative, and tonic
In the 1700s and 1800s, sandalwood was so highly sought that it was almost sent into extinction. It has been used for centuries in yoga practices and for thousands of years during meditation. Due to its insect repellant nature, sandalwood is often used to make caskets. Various temples that were made of sandalwood in India centuries ago continue to stand today. Egyptians used sandalwood oil in their embalming of mummies. A tree must be at least fifteen years old to get the best fragrance oil from it. Sandalwood is a symbol of purity and is used in many religious rituals and ceremonies throughout the world.
SESAME OIL
Therapeutic properties: anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antirheumatic
Records from four thousand years ago mention the usage of sesame oils, making it the oldest by far of all essential oils. In some parts of the world, a person who is selfish or of no use is known as a sesame.
SPEARMINT OIL
Therapeutic properties: antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, cephalic, emmenagogue, expectorant, insecticide, nervine, restorative, stimulant, and tonic
Spearmint oil is good for reducing fatigue, stress, and nervousness. It can also be used in hypnotherapy to digress one back to childhood. Spearmint is grown in about every country in the world. It is widely used as an ingredient in cooking, teas, medicines, and candies. The name is derived from the leaves, which have a spear shape.
SPIKENARD OIL
Therapeutic properties: antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, deodorant, laxative, relaxant, sedative, and uterine
Spikenard is one of the holy herbs listed in the Bible. A part of the lavender family, spikenard oil is used in Ayurvedic medicine in India. It was one of the luxury perfumes in ancient Egypt. Spikenard is related to valerian.
SPRUCE OIL
Therapeutic properties: anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, expectorant, immune system stimulant, antimicrobial, restorative grounding, and nervine
In Sweden, scientists have dated a spruce tree to be 9,500 years old. Spruce needles can be ingested in times of emergency and used to hydrate people and provide them with vitamin C.
ST. JOHN’S WORT OIL
Therapeutic properties: antiviral, anti-inflammatory, vermifuge, immunostimulant, astringent, antidepressant, cooling, and treatment for burns and stings
St. John’s wort is also known as “red oil” due to its deep red color. Many people use this oil as a treatment before and after radiation.
SWEET ORANGE OIL
Therapeutic properties: anticoagulant, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, bactericidal, carminative, cholagogue, digestive, diuretic, expectorant, fungicidal, stimulant, stomachic, and tonic
The orange trees that the fruit and oil derived from were first grown in China. Said to be brought to America by Christopher Columbus, orange trees are now grown extensively in warmer regions in the United States.
TANGERINE OIL
Therapeutic properties: antiseptic, antispasmodic, cytophylactic, depurative, sedative, stomachic, tonic, and treatment for stretch marks
Tangerines were named after Tangier, the country thought to be their origin. Tangerines are related to oranges and are interchangeable with mandarins.
TARRAGON OIL
Therapeutic properties: anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aperitif, circulatory agent, digestive, deodorant, emmenagogue, stimulant, and vermifuge
Tarragon oil can be used to stimulate the immune system and for mental stimulation. Tarragon is one of the herbs in French cooking used to make up the popular ingredient fines herbes. But French tarragon is never grown from the seeds of the plant, as they are sterile. It is grown from root propagation.
TEA TREE (MELALEUCA) OIL
Therapeutic properties: antibacterial, antibiotic, antifungal, anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antiseptic, antiviral, balsamic, cicatrisant, decongestant, expectorant, fungicide, immune stimulant, insecticide, stimulant, sudorific in nature, vasodilator
Tea tree (melaleuca) oil is great for fighting any infection and helps with skin issues such as acne, burns, dandruff (can be used in children’s shampoo to repel lice), MRSA, bacterial infections, preventing radiation burns, thrush, vaginal infections, herpes (can use undiluted on sores before bursting), sunburn, wounds, infections, ingrown hair infections, cold sores, and athlete’s foot. It has been used during wartime when medicine was difficult to come by. In World War II, soldiers were given tea tree oil to treat themselves in the event of a wound or infection. Australian Aborigines have used tea tree for centuries as medicine. Tea tree (melaleuca) oil has grown in such popularity in this century that the tree is becoming dangerously rare. Tea tree (melaleuca) oil is safe to use neat.
THIEVES’ OIL
Therapeutic properties: antibacterial, anti-infectious, antimicrobial, antiviral, immune support, energizing, stimulant, treatment for dental pain, and antiseptic
Thieves’ oil is a blend (most commonly made from cinnamon, clove, lavender, eucalyptus, rosemary, and vinegar), dating back to the Middle Ages. It is said that grave robbers used this recipe to protect themselves from the plague. Rosemary needles, lavender flowers, sage leaves, camphor, garlic, and cloves were soaked in vinegar for a few weeks. The strained concoction was said to protect one from a myriad of illnesses and even death. Today we use the essential oils from these plants and mix them with a carrier oil to protect us from a host of unwanted viruses and disease.
THYME OIL
Therapeutic properties: antimicrobial, cephalic, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, bactericidal, bechic, cardiac, carminative, cicatrisant, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, hypertensive, insecticide, stimulant, tonic, and vermifugal
When my daughter was young and had a cough that could not be cured by doctors, I made her thyme infusions, which she drank for several days and then rapidly got over the cough that had plagued her well into a year. Thyme is my favorite of herbs. I love to grow it, heal with it, cook with it, and eat it in salads. Thyme oil has become one of my favorite essential oils due to its antiseptic properties, and has been used throughout the ages by almost all cultures. Thyme is also good for stimulating the immune system and treating fatigue.
VALERIAN OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, antispasmodic, calming, nervine, stomachic, cicatrisant, stomachic, tranquilizer, and sedative
Valerian flowers attract a wide variety of moths and butterflies. Valerian also acts similar to catnip in attracting cats. The word valerian means to be strong and healthy. The new trend in nighttime teas is to add valerian root to chamomile tea to ensure a good night’s sleep.
VANILLA OIL
Therapeutic properties: antidepressant, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, aphrodisiac, febrifuge, relaxant, sedative, and tranquilizer
Vanilla comes from the orchid plant. It is the second most expensive spice in the world. The vanilla sold to tourists in Mexico is actually a mixture of other beans and spices that mimic vanilla closely, but contains coumarin, which has been outlawed for culinary purposes in the United States since 1954. Vanilla was used as a perfume during the Depression.
VETIVER OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, anti-carcinogenic, antidepressant, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, antirheumatic, febrifuge, sedative, and tranquilizer
Vetiver oil is good for relaxing and can be used on the back of the neck (neat) for children with ADHD to aid in concentration and focus. Vetiver is fibrous and has been used in the making of rope. It’s also a known pesticide and termite repellant. Vetiver has been used for ages in India as mats for doorways and floors and leaves a fresh scent behind when walked upon. Vetiver is known to protect the soil from erosion. Vetiver oil is used often in Ayurveda.
VITAMIN E OIL
Therapeutic properties: antiaging, anticancer, antioxidant, cicatrisant, ophthalmic, moisturizer for skin
Vitamin E is produced from wheat germ oil, safflower oil, and sunflower oil. It is reported to be one of the best substances you can use for your skin. It is included in just about all skin care products. Vitamin E also acts as a preservative in many recipes.
WHEAT GERM OIL
Therapeutic properties: antiaging, antioxidant
Wheat germ oil is great in cosmetics and as a massage oil. The oil is quickly removed from the wheat during processing, as it speeds up the decomposition of wheat. It is highly prized for its amazing nutritional content, but should be refrigerated after opening, as it will spoil quickly once exposed to light.
WHITE FIR OIL
Therapeutic properties: anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, cardiovascular, antiaging, analgesic, antiseptic, and expectorant
White fir is widely planted in parks in the United States.
WILD BIRCH OIL
Therapeutic properties: anti-inflammatory, antimucolytic, antineuralgic, antirheumatic, antitussive, astringent, carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue, galactagogue, and stimulant
Wild birch oil is commonly used in men’s cologne and other fragrance products. Wild birch is commonly used today in making root beer.
WILD ORANGE OIL
Therapeutic properties: antimicrobiotic, antiseptic, antirheumatic, carminative, digestive aid, diuretic, detoxifier, febrifuge, depurative, stomachic, and hypotensive
Wild orange essential oil is said to be very good for opening the heart, mind, and spirit. This oil is one of the most popular essential oils in the United States due to its uplifting properties and its sweet, strong smell.
WINTERGREEN OIL
Therapeutic properties: analgesic, anodyne, antiarthritic, antirheumatic, antispasmodic, antiseptic, aromatic, astringent, carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue, and stimulant
There is no true wintergreen oil available on the market today. When you buy an essential oil labeled “wintergreen oil,” it is either a chemical similar in compounds, or a birch oil derivative.
YARROW OIL
Therapeutic properties: anti-inflammatory, diuretic, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, anticatarrhal, astringent, carminative, cicatrisant, diaphoretic, digestive, hepatic, emmenagogue, expectorant, hemostatic, hypotensive, stomachic, and tonic
In some languages the word for yarrow means “one thousand leaves” and in others it is translated as “little feather” for its soft, feathery stems and flowers. The plant was believed to have kept soldiers from getting infections when they sustained wounds during battle in fields of yarrow. Yarrow was used as a talisman in Scotland to ward off evil. It was thought to be a sacred plant in China and is used to this day to read the I Ching. In Europe it was thought that if a girl slept with yarrow under her pillow, she would then dream of her future husband. Yarrow grows plentifully in roadside ditches all over northeast Texas and in many other areas.
YLANG-YLANG OIL
Therapeutic properties: antidepressant, anti-infectious, antiseborrheic, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, euphoric, hypotensive, nervine, sedative, and tonic
Ylang-ylang oil is a wonderful hormone regulator and is used in massages for its relaxing and sedative properties. Its name means “flower of flowers,” and its trees are often called “perfume trees.” It’s used in the perfume Chanel No. 5. Ylang-ylang flowers are picked only in the early morning, and were once spread on newlyweds’ beds in some countries.
DEFINITIONS
Analgesic – numbs pain
Antiaging – reduces visible signs of aging on skin
Antiallergenic – relieves suffering from allergies
Antibacterial – destroys bacteria, suppressing their ability to reproduce
Antibiotic – fights bacterial infections
Anticarcinogenic – has cancer-fighting properties
Anticatarrhal – removes excess mucous in body, useful in respiratory conditions
Antidandruff – has dandruff-relieving properties
Antidepressant – can help to prevent and alleviate depression
Antiemetic – soothes nausea, relieves vomiting
Antiepileptic – helps reduce or prevent seizures
Antifungal – inhibits growth of fungus (Candida, athlete’s foot)
Antihysteric – helps uncontrollable laughing or crying
Anti-infectious – fights infections
Anti-inflammatory – alleviates inflammation, cooling
Antimicrobial – kills microorganisms, inhibits their growth
Antineuralgic – helps reduce sharp, throbbing pain along specific nerves
Antioxidant – counteracts the damaging effects of oxidation
Antiparasitic – treats parasitic diseases
Antiphlogistic – reduces inflammation
Antipyretic – fever reducer
Antirheumatic – prevents and/or relieves rheumatic pain and swelling
Antiseptic – assists in fighting germs/infections
Antispasmodic – relieves spasms and cramps
Antitussive – prevents or relieves cough
Antivenous – prevents clotting
Antiviral – treats viral infection
Aperient – relieves constipation
Aphrodisiac – increases sexual desire
Astringent – contracts and tightens tissue
Bactericide – destructive to bacteria
Balsamic – contains balsam oil
Bechic – cough suppressant
Carminative – prevents or relieves flatulence
Cephalic – relating to the head
Cholagogue – promotes discharge or flow of bile
Cicatrisant – cell-regenerative for skin, healing for scars
Circulatory stimulant – promotes better circulation
Cordial – warm, comforting
Cytophylactic – beneficial for aging and mature skin
Decongestant – reduces nasal mucus production and swelling
Deodorant – prevents body odor
Depurative – cleanses waste and toxins from the body
Detoxifier – removes toxins from body
Diaphoretic – induces perspiration
Digestive – breaks down food in the body
Diuretic – promotes production of urine and rids the body of unneeded water
Emmenagogue – induces menstruation (safe for pregnant women except those with weak or compromised immune systems)
Emollient – softens and soothes the skin
Expectorant – removes excess mucus from the respiratory system
Euphoric – induces feelings of excitement and happiness
Febrifuge – reduces fever
Fungicidal – kills or inhibits fungal spores
Galactagogue – promotes lactation
Hemostatic – helps reduce the flow of blood
Hepatic – beneficial to liver
Hypertension – high blood pressure
Hypotensive – helps to reduce blood pressure
Insecticide – used to kill insects
Intestinal carminative – reduces stomach cramps and colic
Invigorating – incites strength, health, and energy
Lipolytic – assists in the breakdown of fats
Lymphatic – relating to lymph secretion
Menorrhagia – abnormally heavy bleeding during menses
Mucolytic – breaks down mucus, sedative, warming
Nervine – calms nervous tension, soothes nervous system
Ophthalmic – beneficial to eyes
Parturient – about to go into labor
Relaxant – relaxing to the body and mind
Restorative – restores health, strength, or well-being
Rubefacient – topical treatment that causes skin redness and capillaries to dilate, and increases blood flow
Sedative – soothes, calms, induces sedation
Splenic – relating to the spleen
Stimulant – stimulates and increases alertness, increases energy
Stomachic – tones the stomach, increases appetite
Styptic – stops bleeding when applied to wound
Sudorific – induces sweating
Tenosynovitis – inflammation of tendons
Tonic – strengthens and restores vitality to various body parts
Uterine – Having to do with a woman’s uterus or womb
Vasoconstrictor – narrows blood vessels
Vasodilator – dilates or opens blood vessels
Vermifuge – destroys parasitic worms
Vulnerary – wound healing
Warming – comforting, induces sense of well-being
