Chapter 1: The Birth of an Idea
1. Lt Colonel R.D. Bloomfield, quoted in The T-Force Story, 5th King’s/No.2 T-Force Old Comrades Association.
2. National Archives ADM 223/500.
3. Ibid.
4. National Archives DEFE2/1107.
5. National Archives ADM223/500.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. National Archives WO204/795.
10. Ibid.
11. National Archives FO935/20.
12. National Archives DEFE2/1107.
Chapter 2: Normandy and Beyond
1. ‘The Ways of a Kingsman’, unpublished memoir by Ken Davenport.
2. National Archives ADM223/500.
3. National Archives WO171/1317.
4. From Arctic Snow to Dust of Normandy, Patrick Dalzel-Job, Sutton, 1991.
5. National Archives ADM223/500.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. National Archives WO171/742.
9. National Archives WO219/551.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
Chapter 3: The Birth of T-Force
1. The T-Force Story.
2. National Archives DEFE2/1107.
3. National Archives ADM223/500.
4. Ibid.
5. National Archives FO935/20.
6. National Archives FO1031/49.
7. A Life in Peace and War by Brian Urquhart, Harper Collins, 1987.
8. National Archives WOl71/3865.
9. Ibid.
10. Lt Colonel R.D. Bloomfield, quoted in The T-Force Story.
11. National Archives WO219/818.
12. The Kingsman, regimental newsletter, 10 August 1944.
13. National Archives WOl71/1316.
14. National Archives WO171/5161.
15. The T-Force Story.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. National Archives WO171/5161.
Chapter 4: Operation Plunder and Beyond
1. National Archives WO171/5161.
2. Ibid.
3. National Archives WO205/1049.
4. The T-Force Story.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. From an online biography of Jack Heslop-Harrison by Professor Brian Gunning, 2001.
8. The T-Force Story.
9. National Archives WO171/3865.
10. Ibid.
11. The T-Force Story.
12. Ibid.
13. National Archives WO219/1668.
14. National Archives HW8/104.
15. National Archives WO205/1049.
16. National Archives WO171/3865.
17. Les Goodwin quoted in The T-Force Story.
18. The T-Force Story.
19. National Archives WO171/5161.
20. The T-Force Story.
21. Ibid.
22. Interview with Ted Tolley, C Company, 5th Battalion, the King’s Regiment.
23. Arctic Snow to Dust of Normandy by Patrick Dalzel-Job.
24. National Archives WO205/1049.
25. National Archives WO171/3865.
Chapter 5: To the Bitter End
1. Rutland Mercury, 22 August 1997.
2. National Archives WO171/5161.
3. Ibid.
4. Lecture, Royal Hospital, Chelsea, 25 November 2008.
5. The T-Force Story.
6. ‘The Ways of a Kingsman’ by Ken Davenport.
7. The T-Force Story.
8. National Archives WO208/2183.
9. National Archives WO171/3864.
10. The T-Force Story.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
Chapter 6: Kiel – Into the Unknown
1. National Archives WO285/12.
2. The T-Force Story.
3. National Archives WO205/1049.
4. The T-Force Story.
5. Ibid.
6. Kiel, May 1945: British Troops Occupy the German Naval City by Renate Dopheide, Kiel City Archives, 2008. English translation by Margrete Thorsen-Moore.
7. National Archives WO205/1049.
8. The ship that Major Gaskell boarded was the Monte Rosa, a prewar liner that had been converted into a troop transporter and, later, a hospital ship, but had been badly damaged. She was in Kiel being used as a floating barracks. Vic Woods looked up and realized it was the very same ship he had seen in Wallasey Docks during the 1930s when his brother had asked him to accompany him to the ship in order to practise his German on the crew.
9. National Archives WO205/1049.
10. The T-Force Story.
11. Kiel, May 1945: British Troops Occupy the German Naval City by Renate Dopheide.
12. Ibid.
13. National Archives ADM223/500.
14. The T-Force Story.
15. The young marine Jurgen Hakker settled back into his home city, eventually becoming a doctor of literature. He had experienced an interesting war. As a teenager he was one of the so-called ‘Swing Kids’, German youths who expressed their anti-Nazi nature through their devotion to American jazz music and Americanized clothing. It was not an easy life for Kiel was a military town and the population seemed to be resolute supporters of the Nazi party. After the Allied bombing of Kiel, he was forced to join the Hitler Youth in Lübeck, but was able to continue some level of defiance by keeping his hair long enough to offend Nazi sensibilties.
Chapter 7: Liberators – T-Force in Denmark and the Netherlands
1. Freelance, the newsletter of the 5th King’s/No.2 T-Force Old Comrades Association.
2. The Freedom Council of Denmark: The Local Committee of Haderslev. Quoted in The T-Force Story.
3. National Archives WO205/1049.
4. Freelance.
5. The T-Force Story.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Nederlandse Binnenlandse Strijdkrachten (Netherlands Forces of the Interior).
9. National Archives WO171/5161.
10. The T-Force Story.
11. National Archives WO171/5161.
12. The T-Force Story.
Chapter 8: Investigations
1. National Archives WO205/1049.
2. Ibid.
3. National Archives FO1032/205.
4. National Archives FO800/565.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. National Archives WO171/3865.
9. National Archives WO171/3864.
10. Ibid.
11. National Archives FO1031/86.
12. National Archives WO208/2183.
13. National Archives WO208/2951.
14. National Archives WO188/2072.
15. National Archives WO189/2615.
16. National Archives FO1031/81.
17. National Archives FO1031/86.
18. National Archives WO171/3865.
19. National Archives ADM199/2434.
20. National Archives ADM178/392.
21. Lecture, Royal Hospital, Chelsea, 11 November 2008.
22. Ibid.
23. National Archives ADM199/2434.
24. Ibid.
25. National Archives ADM178/392.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid.
31. National Archives WO219/5335.
32. The T-Force Story.
33. National Archives WO33/2554.
Chapter 9: Cold War
1. National Archives FO1031/67.
2. National Archives WO219/1003.
3. Quoted in ‘Governed or Exploited? The British Acquisition of German Technology, 1945–48’ by John Farquharson, Journal of Contemporary History, vol.32, 1997.
4. National Archives CAB121/430.
5. The T-Force Story.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. National Archives FO1031/20.
9. National Archives FO1031/65.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. National Archives FO1031/132.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. The T-Force Story.
16. Ibid.
17. National Archives FO1031/75.
18. National Archives FO1031/5.
19. The T-Force Story.
20. Ibid.
21. Despite Tom Pitt-Pladdy’s lack of regard for some in the 5th King’s Regiment, he was highly complimentary towards Captain George Lambert, saying ‘God Bless Him’ for the care and attention he showed towards all the men of A Company.
22. National Archives WO171/3865.
Chapter 10: The Spoils of War
1. National Archives BT211/19.
2. National Archives FO105 7/53 and ‘Governed or Exploited? The British Acquisition of German Technology, 1945-48’ by John Farquharson.
3. National Archives FO1034/33.
4. National Archives WO171/8633.
5. National Archives FO1031/67.
6. National Archives FO1031/1.
7. In 1951 Jean Hughes-Gibb married distinguished jurist Professor Gerald Draper, who was a colonel in the British Army and served as a war crimes investigator in postwar Germany. He was later part of the team that drafted the updated Geneva Convention. Jean Hughes-Gibb is now known as Julia Draper.
8. National Archives BT211/14.
9. National Archives BT211/24.
10. National Archives BT211/167.
11. National Archives FO1031/62.
12. National Archives FO1032/159.
13. National Archives FO1032/153.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. National Archives WO171/8633.
Chapter 11: Aftermath
1. National Archives BT211/24.
2. The T-Force Story.
3. Ibid.
4. National Archives WO171/3865.
5. Ian Fleming’s Secret War by Craig Cabell, Pen and Sword, 2008.
6. Arctic Snow to Dust of Normandy by Patrick Dalzel-Job.
7. National Archives WO219/1668.
8. National Archives HW8/104.
9. Ibid.
10. ‘Governed or Exploited? The British Acquisition of German Technology, 1945-48’ by John Farquharson.
11. National Archives FO1034/33.
12. ‘Governed or Exploited? The British Acquisition of German Technology, 1945-48’ by John Farquharson.
13. National Archives FO1032/330.
14. ‘The American Exploitation of German Technical Know-How after World War II’ by John Gimbel, Political Science Quarterly, vol.5, no.2, Summer 1990.
15. National Archives FO1032/330.
16. National Archives WO205/1049.
Published Sources
The Paperclip Conspiracy by Tom Bower, Michael Joseph, 1987.
Wings on My Sleeve by Captain Eric ‘Winkle’ Brown, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2006.
Ian Fleming’s Secret War by Craig Cabell, Pen & Sword Books Ltd, 2008.
OPJB: The Last Great Secret of the Second World War by Christopher Creighton, Simon & Schuster, 1996.
From Arctic Snow to Dust of Normandy by Patrick Dalzel-Job, Sutton, 1991.
To the Victor the Spoils by Sean Longden, Constable, 2007.
Attain by Surprise: Capturing Top Secret Intelligence in WWII by David C. Nutting, David Colver, 2003.
A Life in Peace and War by Brian Urquhart, Harper Collins, 1987.
The T-Force Story: A Short History of T-Force Operations in North West Europe During the Second World War produced by the 5th King’s/No. 2 T-Force Old Comrades Association.
Unpublished Sources
The National Archives:
I have consulted numerous files held at the National Archives. It is noted that this subject is so broad that each avenue of research opened up a complex and sometimes perplexing web of subject matter. To read every relevant document would be an impossible task for any author. As such my research was concentrated within Foreign Office, War Office and Admiralty documents.
The following list contains a selection of those documents viewed during the research for this book:
The Foreign Office (FO Series):
935/51-52-53-54 – FIAT Accession Lists
936/160 – London Office
936/303 – T Force
940/106 – Equipment Correspondence
944/964 – T Force Hotels
1031/65 – Personnel to be Denied to Russians
1031/66 – Scientists Taken by Russians
1031/67 – Scientists from Russian Zone
1013/852 – Reparation Duties
1031/1 – T Force Working Party
1031/4 – Termination of T Force
1031/5 – Liaison with Russians
1031/6 – Liaison with Russians
1031/17 – Disarmament of German War Research
1031/49 – History of T Force
1031/72 – FIAT policy
1031/20 – Exploitation of Scientists
1031/28 – Evacuation of Electrical Equipment
1031/52 – General Reports
1031/227 – General Reports
1031/73 – FIAT Policy
1031/76 – FIAT Reviews
1031/78 – Allied Investigators
1031/87 – General Reports
1031/88 – General Reports
1031/77 – FIAT Review of Metallurgy
1031/236 – Captured Documents Lists
1031/237 – Franz Hayler Documents
1031/238 – Dr Glassman
1031/89 – Dr Lautenschlager Interrogation
1031/101 – Dr Nold Interrogation
1031/100 – Hartmann Interrogation
1031/241 – Dr Osenberg Interrogation
1031/160 – Lose Blatter
1031/185 – Lose Blatter
1031/84 – Personnel Exploitation
1031/99 – August Dorken Reports
1031/131 – Reports on Individuals
1031/228 – IG Farben Reports
1031/230 – IG Farben Reports
1031/231 – IG Farben Reports
1031/232 – IG Farben Reports
1031/233 – IG Farben Reports
1031/134 – IG Farben Reports
1031/135 – IG Farben Overseas Reports
1031/137 – Scientist Interrogation Reports
1031/90 – Interrogation Reports
1031/132 – Evacuees from Russian Zone
1031/141 – Interrogation Reports
1031/144 – Interrogation Reports
1031/142 – Interrogation Reports
1032/1470A & B – Policy on Technical Targets
1032/1459 – FIAT
1032/1471 – Access to Technical Targets
1039/57 – Functions of T Force
1039/83 – T Force Disarmament Teams
1050/1422 – Berlin Targets
1062/435 – FIAT Intelligence on Tank Production
1065/12 – Future of FIAT & T Force
1071/3 – Reorganisation of T Force
1031/106 – Misc. Papers
1031/219 – Luranil Gendorfer Programme
1031/75 – Personnel Exploitation
1031/63 – Interrogation Reports
1031/145 – Interrogation Reports
1031/151 – Interrogation Reports
938/3 – Professor Hahn
942/546 & 288 – Hahn in Stockholm
1031/12 – Von Braun Interrogation
938/3 – Hahn & Heisenberg
1046/540 – Otto Hahn
1031/69 – Dustbin
1031/70 – Dustbin
1005/1602 – Final Reports
1032/470 – Subcommittee Teams
1032/475 – Subcommittee Teams
1050/1419 – Black List
1078/56 – Speer Reports
935/20 – CIOS Minutes
935/21 to 24 – Black List
935/28 – Grey List
935/51 to 54 – FIAT Evacuation Lists
943/404 – Mining and Metallurgy
1031/86 – Poison Gas
1031/87 – Chemical Warfare Interrogation Reports
1031/81 – Operation Dustbin
1031/82 – Operation Dustbin Chemical Warfare
1031/83 – Dustbin & Bacteriological Reports
1031/89 to 91 – Major Tilley Chemical Warfare Reports
1031/239 – Dustbin & Dr Schrader Reports
1031/104 – Professor Wirth Interrogation
1031/105 – Dr Schrader Interrogation
1031/107 – Dr Ehman Interrogation
1031/85 – V Weapon Personnel
1031/219 – Pennemunde Reports
371/65168 to 72 – Dismantling of Goering Steelworks
The War Office (WO Series):
171/1316 – 5th King’s War Diaries 1944
171/1317 – 8th King’s War Diaries 1944
171/5211 – 5th King’s War Diaries 1945
171/11094 – Equipment Evacuation Depot
205/1048 – Organisation and Policy
205/1049 – Activities in 2nd Army
205/1050 – Activities with 1st Canadian Army
219/551 – Special Force to Seize Intelligence
219/1028 – Misc. Papers
219/1003 – Establishment of FIAT
219/1630A & B – T Force Planning
219/1631 – Targets for Berlin
1050/1422 – Targets for Berlin
219/1985 – List of T Force Targets
219/1986 – Collection of Documents
219/1987 – Reports
219/2549 – Operation Eruption
219/2460 – Operation Eclipse
219/2461 – Operation Eclipse
219/2694 – Berlin Planning
267/614 & 615 – Reparations and Restitution
229/60/3 – T Forces
229/5/17 Ashcan & Dustbin
205/828 & 829 – Kiel Reports
309/198 – U Boat Destruction Orders
309/645 – U Boat Destruction Orders
208/2183 – Reports on Tabun & Sarin
195/9222 – Production of Sarin
219/5334 – Special Projectile Operation Group
219/5335 – V2 Firing Trials
219/3365 – Firing Trials
229/9/38 – Trials of Captured Rockets
219/1668 – Info to CIOS
204/11445 – S Force in Italy
204/907 – S Force in Italy
204/9917 – S Force in Italy
204/6321 – S Force in Italy
204/795 – S Force in Italy
204/6692 – S Force in Italy
204/796 – S Force in Italy
219/1251 – Reparations & Planning Reports
258/80 – Reparations Policy
106/4456 – Reparations Commission
The Air Ministry (AIR Series):
51/378&379 – T Force Policy
51/424 – T Force and Eclipse
40/2832 – Interrogation of Herman Zumpe
40/2534 – Hydrogen Peroxide
40/2536 – Peroxide Storage
40/3063 – Infra Red Detection
20/5625 – Kiel Interception
20/1694 – Kiel Apparatus
20/5807 – Kiel Apparatus
48/170 – Deutsche Werke
48/172 – Krupps
40/2005 – Blohm & Voss Reports
The Admiralty (ADM Series):
1/18328 – Submarine Trials
1/22336 – Synthetic Rubber in Submarines
213/557 & 645 – Torpedo Reports
204/586 – Instrument Illumination in Subs
213/883 – Underwater Explosion Tests
199/2434 – Walterwerke
178/392 – Walterwerke
265/71 – Walterwerke
281/25 – Walterwerke
281/142 – Walterwerke
213/53 – Kiel University Research
213/247 – Walterwerke
213/910 – Infra Red Aircraft Detector
283/1 – Walterwerke Hydrogen Peroxide
290/285 – Dr Walter Interrogation
1/19025 – Diesel Engines for Warships
1/16396 – German Design to be Used in UK Subs
1/18380 – Use of Captured German Subs
1/18621 – Exchange of Info on Subs
1/16493 – Walter Boote
Miscellaneous Files:
CAB79/32/7 – Kiel Canal & Baltic Entrance
CAB80/93/72 – Kiel Canal & Baltic Entrance
INF2/44/653 to 655 – Dempsey etc in Kiel with Hipper
DSIR23/14897 – Walterwerke
DSIR23/15067 – Walterwerke
AVIA6/10782 – Walterwerke
AVIA28/849 – Propulsive Duct Development at Walterwerke
AVIA49/120 – Interpretation of War Plants
AVIA15/2507 – Report on Reparations
AVIA15/3845 – Policy on Reparations
AVIA49/124 – Hydrogen Peroxide
DEFE2/1107 – 30AU
DSIR36/2014 – Aircon in German Subs
TS62/66 – Sale of Reparations
Major Tony Hibbert MC
Left: Tony Hibbert in his Royal Horse Artillery uniform, 1946. Right: Hibbert in Kiel in May 2006. Sixty-one years on, Hibbert is seen on the steps of the former Naval Academy where he had accepted the surrender of the city’s garrison.
After leaving school in the early 1930s, Tony Hibbert seemed destined for a career as a wine importer, before a visit to Germany convinced him that war was inevitable. Returning to London, he joined the Royal Horse Artillery and served in France in 1940. After returning via Dunkirk, Hibbert joined the commandos and then the fledgling Parachute Regiment. As the Brigade Major of the 1st Parachute Brigade, he served at Arnhem Bridge during Operation Market Garden, where he won the Military Cross. Following capture by the enemy, he was able to escape and go into hiding. After crossing the Rhine and returning to Allied territory, he broke his leg in a car accident. This injury resulted in his eventual transfer to T-Force, where he led the Kiel operation.
Major Hibbert was discharged from the army in 1946 and entered what he called ‘the cut and thrust of commercial life’. In 1981 he retired and moved to Trebah Gardens in Cornwall. He soon discovered he had purchased one of England’s most important and beautiful gardens. Since then he and his family have devoted their lives to restoring the gardens – now visited by more than 100,000 people each year – which have given Tony Hibbert what he described in 1995 as ‘the happiest 24 years of my life’.
Captain Tom Pitt-Pladdy
Left: Tom Pitt-Pladdy as a newly commissioned artillery subaltern. Right: Pitt-Pladdy photographed at his home in York, October 2008.
Upon leaving T-Force in 1946, Tom Pitt-Pladdy discovered there were opportunities for artillery officers. Returning to the UK, he decided to stay on in the army to build a career. He took on an intelligence role and soon found himself operating radars on the Greek-Turkish border. This was followed by a posting to Palestine, where he operated six observation posts in Jerusalem, working in conjunction with the Palestinian police and living in the CID mess. In total, Pitt-Pladdy spent 24 years in the army, leaving in the early 1960s. He then went into the Territorial Army as an administrative officer and eventually worked in York as a recruiting officer for the Royal Artillery.
Michael Howard
Left: Michael Howard in Germany during summer 1946. Right: Michael Howard photographed at his home in January 2009.
Following demobilization from the army in late 1947, Michael Howard studied modern languages at Peterhouse College, Cambridge. Graduating in June 1949, he stayed on for a further year, ‘nominally reading Economics but in fact having a jolly good time (at the expense of his late Majesty and a grateful nation)’. From 1950 he worked as a merchandizing manager for an American company, working in the UK, El Salvador and Guatemala, where he was joined by his wife, Ann, and his three children were born. Returning to the UK in 1963, he worked for Lloyds Merchant Bank until retirement. Michael now lives in Kent and retains a keen interest in T-Force. Like Ken Moore, he has striven to ensure the unit’s work is not forgotten. He has collected vast amounts of documentation related to T-Force, without which this book might never have been written.
Reg Rush
Left: Reg Rush in Minden, Germany, May 1945. Right: Reg Rush photographed at his home in Norfolk, summer 2008.
Reg Rush had never planned on joining the army and only made the decision to leave his reserved occupation after seeing the effects of German bombing in 1940. As a Royal Marine Commando he served with 30 Advanced Unit in France and Germany. He first became involved with 30AU reunions during the late 1970s. It was only then that he learned about the connection to Ian Fleming and James Bond. As one of his wartime comrades told him: ‘I didn’t realize we were famous!’ Yet there was a darker side to the period. The reality of having been one of Fleming’s ‘Red Indians’ left a number of veterans of 30AU prey to mental illness. Whilst Rush himself was fortunate not to fall victim to psychological problems, many of his former comrades suffered significant mental damage, with a number eventually being confined to psychiatric hospitals. That was the true price of war. Rush remains staunchly proud of his service as a Royal Marine and has never lost his connection with the sea, having settled in Norfolk, where his home overlooks a harbour.
Ken Moore
Left: Ken Moore photographed in 1945. Right: Ken Moore at a 5th Kings/No.2 T-Force reunion in Sheffield, October 2008.
In the post-war period Ken Moore was the editor of Freelance, the regular magazine that was distributed to members of the 5th King’s/No.2 T-Force. This work took him all over Germany, giving him a freedom that was enjoyed by few of his comrades. Following demob he lived and worked in both Germany and Denmark, before eventually settling in his native Norfolk. He was the driving force behind the creation of the 5th King’s Old Comrades Association. His aim was always that T-Force should be recognized for its role in the peace and security enjoyed by the West since 1945. This book is effectively the culmination of Ken’s efforts to provide a lasting reminder of the achievements of T-Force.
Major George Lambert MC
Left: George Lambert in 1943. Right: George Lambert in 1998 holding a photograph of the Admiral Hipper.
Major Lambert was awarded the Military Cross for the leadership he showed when T-Force occupied Kiel. He was one of the most popular officers in the 5th King’s and was highly respected for the concern he showed for his men. Following demob from the army, Lambert returned to his job at Hurstpierpoint College in West Sussex, where he became the senior maths master. He remained at the college for the rest of his working life. George Lambert died in June 2001.
Clockwise from top: Anthony Lucas (left) and John Bayley photographed in the Officers’ Mess at HQ No.1 T-Force. In the postwar years Anthony Lucas qualified as a barrister and for many years worked for ATV. John Bayley later found fame as a writer and poet, notably marrying Iris Murdoch in 1956. He was Warton Professor of English at St Catherine’s College, Oxford University, between 1974 and 1992, and was awarded the CBE in 1999. His novel In Another Country drew heavily on his memories of Germany in the postwar years, and his experiences as a junior officer with T-Force.
John Bendit. Seen here as a young subaltern with the Rifle Brigade, Bendit served in north west Europe in late 1945. He still recalls how the first shot he fired ‘in anger’ hit a German soldier in the backside. He later served with No.1 T-Force in the Ruhr.
Robin Smyth worked with Michael Howard in the intelligence office of No.1 T-Force in Kamen. He was the younger son of Brigadier Sir John (‘Jackie’) Smyth, Bt., VC, MC, MP. Postwar he became Senior History Scholar of Trinity College, Oxford, and was ultimately the Observer’s senior correspondent on the Continent, based in Paris.
John Longfield. Following service with T-Force, Longfield served with the Army Education Corps in Berlin. Demobbed as a sergeant, he returned to the UK, went to university to study economics and then trained to be an accountant. Unenthusiastic about spending the rest of his life as an accountant, he found a job as a lecturer in economics. Upon retirement, the rest of the staff admitted that, behind his back, they referred to him as ‘Long John Field’ – a suitably piratical name for a former T-Force soldier. Looking back on his military service, Longfield sees service with T-Force as a pleasant period compared to his time in Normandy, of which he says ‘It was the most intense two months of my life. When I look back it is like a dark green blot on my life. The green is the fields and trees and Normandy – the darkness because it was a dark period of my life.’
Clockwise from top-left: Lt Colonel Guy Wreford-Brown, commanding officer 5th Battalion The King’s Regiment. Throughout autumn and winter 1944, Wreford-Brown campaigned to see his battalion employed in an active role. It was his persistence that saw the battalion given its T-Force role.
Ron Lawton had originally served in the Royal Marines, taking part in the D-Day landings as a member of the crew of a landing craft. He was later transferred to the 5th King’s Regiment and served in T-Force.
Vic Woods was one of the first Kingsmen to land on Sword Beach on D-Day. Following demob in early 1946, Vic Woods returned home to Merseyside, eager to forget the war and settle down with his wife, who he had married in 1941 and then been apart from for five years. Despite the desire to forget his experiences, in particular the morning of D-Day, it was not that easy: ‘One thing that lingered with me for years was the smell of diesel. It was from the landing craft – when the tanks started up. That was combined with the gunfire. It stayed with me. After I came out of the army I had a spell of what they’d now call severe stress. I couldn’t stay on a bus because of the smell of diesel. The fear came back to me. My wife told me I was crying out in the night. I’d shout “Get Down!” When the Cold War was ongoing there was talk of being recalled to the army. I found that worrying – I didn’t ever want to go through that again. I felt I’d done my bit. I never wanted to talk about war. Also the T-Force business was so far out no one would ever believe it. People would have thought “what a load of nonsense” – so I never mentioned it.’
Commander Ian Aylen, 30AU. Aylen, commonly known as ‘Jan’, was an engineer officer in the Royal Navy. After service at sea in the early war years he was appointed to a shore role in Bath. Desiring a return to active service, he transferred to 30AU. He led the investigations at the Walterwerke in Kiel, where he was fascinated by Dr Walter’s ‘freak weapons’. He was awarded the OBE for his work in Germany in 1945. He retired from the Royal Navy in 1962 with the rank of Rear Admiral. Jan Aylen died in 2003.
Top left: Bob Brighouse. Top right: Tom Wilkinson. Middle: Harry Bullen. Bottom left: Harry Henshaw. Bottom right: Jack Chamberlain.
Veterans of 5th Kings/No.2 T-Force photographed at their annual reunion, Sheffield, October 2008.
Clockwise from top-left: Soldiers of D Company, the 5th Battalion The King’s Regiment enjoying life in Germany summer 1945.
Freelance, the unit magazine of the 5th Battalion The King’s Regiment and No.2 T-Force. It was edited by Ken Moore who later resurrected the magazine as the journal of the battalion’s Old Comrades Association.
Officers of No.2 T-Force at a party to mark the closing down of the unit. Lt Colonel Percy Winterton, Commander No.2 T-Force is on the right.
Ken Moore enjoying the company of a Danish girl, 1945.
30 Assault Unit (30AU: later, 30 Advance Unit) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
achievements ref1
combat troops ref1
criticisms of ref1, ref2, ref3
Fleming and ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
German model ref1
Italian operations ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
naval wing ref1
Normandy landings ref1
North African operations ref1, ref2
role and targets ref1, ref2, ref3
secrecy surrounding ref1
T-Force operations ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25, ref26, ref27, ref28, ref29, ref30, ref31, ref32
Admiral Hipper ref1
aerodynamics ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
see also aircraft research
AGFA Werke ref1
aircraft factories ref1,ref2, ref3, ref4
aircraft research ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
aircraft test flying ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
aircraft-to-aircraft missiles ref1
Allied Control Commission ref1, ref2, ref3
aluminium recovery process ref1
Ambros, Dr Otto ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
ammunition dumps ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Amsterdam ref1
Analgetica ref1
anti-aircraft predictor equipment ref1, ref2
anti-aircraft weapons ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Anti-Gas Defence School ref1
anti-tank weapons ref1, ref2, ref3
Arbuzow, Professor Alexandr ref1
Arnhem Bridge ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Arromanches ref1
Auschwitz ref1
Austria ref1
Avro Lancaster ref1
Aylen, Lt CdrJan ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11
Bachem Ba 349 Natter ref1
bacteriological research ref1
Bad Gandersheim ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Bad Sulza ref1
Badstein, Dr Karl ref1
Bagge, Erich ref1
Bailey bridges ref1
Baillie-Grohman, Admiral ref1
Bakum ref1
Barraclough, Brigadier ref1
battle fatigue ref1, ref2, ref3
Bayley, John ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Belgium ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Bendit, LtJohn ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Bentheim ref1
Bergen-Belsen ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
bombing of ref1
Bernhardt, Prince ref1
Betts, Brigadier General TJ. ref1
Bevin, Ernest ref1
Bilsborrow, Sgt ref1
binoculars ref1
Bismarck ref1
Bitterfeld ref1
black market trading ref1, ref2
Blainville ref1
Blankenburg ref1
Bletchley Park ref1
Blohm + Voss plants ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Bloomfield, Lt Colonel Ray ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14
Board, Lt Colonel D.VH. ref1, ref2
Board of Trade Reparations Assessment Teams ref1
bomb disposal ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Bomlitz ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
booby traps ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
booty ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Borgward plant ref1
Borkum ref1
Bormann, Martin ref1
Bornholm ref1
botanical research ref1
Bradley, John ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14
Braun, Wernher von ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Bremen ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
Brest ref1
Brighouse, Bob ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12
British Army
2nd British Army ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
21st Army Group ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13
Army of the Rhine ref1, ref2, ref3
Brigades
Corps
Divisions
Regiments
1/6th Queen’s Regiment ref1
1st Buckinghamshire Battalion Oxforshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19
2/5th Lancashire Fusiliers ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
2nd Buckinghamshire Battalion Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry ref1
2nd East Lancashire ref1, ref2
4th Battalion Royal Welsh Fusiliers ref1
5th Battalion King’s Regiment ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25, ref26, ref27, ref28, ref29, ref30, ref31
A Company ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14
B Company ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11
C Company ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11
D Company ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
reconnaissance platoon ref1, ref2, ref3
see also T-Force
8th Battalion King’s Regiment ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
30th Battalion Royal Berkshire Regiment ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Dorset Regiment ref1
Grenadier Guards ref1
Hallamshire Battalion York and Lancaster Regiment ref1
King’s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry ref1
North Staffordshire Regiment ref1
Northamptonshire Regiment ref1
Ox and Bucks Light Infantry ref1, ref2, ref3
Parachute Regiment ref1
Royal Scots Greys ref1
Special Air Service (SAS) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
other units
803 Smoke Company ref1
Beach Groups ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Military Police ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
No. 4 Film Production Unit ref1
No. 19 Bomb Disposal Section ref1, ref2
No. 58 Bomb Disposal Platoon ref1
Pioneer Corps ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
Regimental Holding Units ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Royal Army Service Corps ref1, ref2, ref3
British Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee (BIOS) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18
British Target-Force see T-Force
Brno ref1
Brown, Captain Eric ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Browning, General Frederick ref1, ref2
Brunswick, Duke of ref1
Brush, Lt Colonel E.H. ref1, ref2, ref3
Brussels ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Buchenwald ref1
Bullen, Harry ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Burght, Willy van der ref1, ref2
Büttcher, Dr ref1
Caen ref1
Canadian Army ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Carl Zeiss optical works ref1, ref2
Carling, Lt Cdr ref1
Cass, Major W.G. ref1
Catholic Church ref1
Cave Exploration Teams ref1
ceasefire ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
Celle ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
chemical weapons ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Churchill, Winston ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
cipher equipment ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Clausthal-Zellerfeld ref1
‘Cleopatra’boat ref1
closed-cycle engines ref1, ref2, ref3
Cockroft, John ref1
Cold War ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Combined Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee (CIOS) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17
Combined Intelligence Priorities Committee (CIPC) ref1, ref2, ref3
concentration and labour camps ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Consolidated Advance Field Teams (CAFTs) ref1, ref2
see also investigation teams
Control Commission Germany (CCG) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
Cranfield College of Aeronautics ref1
creep testing machines ref1
Creighton, Charles ref1
Crerar, General Harry ref1
Cripps, Sir Stafford ref1, ref2
Cruise missiles ref1
Cunningham, Admiral Sir Andrew ref1
Curtis, Commander Dunstan ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Cuxhaven ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
CWF Muller factory ref1
Daimler Benz works ref1
Dalzel-Job, Lt Commander Patrick ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12
Dänisch-Nienhof ref1
Danish Resistance ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Davenport, Lt Ken ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Davies, Major Peter ref1
De Guingand, Major General Freddie ref1, ref2, ref3
Delft ref1
Dempsey General Miles ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Denmark
Denton, Major Frank ref1, ref2, ref3
Deschimag U-boat assembly plant ref1
Dessau ref1
Deutsche Edelstahl Werke ref1
Deutscher Normenausschuss ref1
Deventer ref1
DH108 ref1
Diebner, Kurt ref1
DIGL ref1
Ding-Schuler, Dr Erwin ref1
Directorate of Naval Intelligence (DNI) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13
displaced persons (DPs) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
documents, seized, processing ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Doetinchem ref1
Doetsch, Dr Karl ref1
Dohler, Dr ref1
Dönitz, Admiral Karl ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Dormagen ref1
Draeger, Dr ref1
Draper, Julia see Hughes-Gibb, Jean
Dreyer, Dr ref1
Duisburg ref1
‘dum-dum’ bullets ref1
Düren ref1
‘Dustbin’ interrogation facility see Kransberg Castle
Dutch East Indies ref1
Dutch Resistance ref1
Dyhernfurth ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Dynal warheads ref1
E-boats ref1
Eberswalde ref1
Eckenförde ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Ede ref1
Edwardes, Lt Colonel David ref1
Ehlers, Dr Gerhart ref1
Eisenhower, General Dwight D. ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
ELAC plant ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Elberfeld ref1
Emmann, Dr ref1
Ems-Weser Canal ref1
encephalograph ref1
Enemy Personnel Evacuation Section (EPES) ref1, ref2, ref3
Engeike, Herr Johannes ref1
Enigma code machines ref1, ref2
Erdal, Captain ref1
Eskel ref1
Espelkamp ref1
Etelsen ref1
Eutin ref1
evacuations
F86 Sabre ref1
Fachiri, Captain Bobby ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Falkenhagen plant ref1
Falls, Captain Cyril ref1, ref2
Fanø ref1
Farquharson, John ref1
Fassburg ref1
Field Intelligence Agency, Technical (FIAT) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
Fischer, Dr ref1
flame-throwers ref1
Fleming, Ian ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
FLR-9 radar system ref1
Focke-Wulf factories ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Fort Halstead ref1
France ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Fraser, ‘Lofty’ ref1
French collaborators ref1
French Resistance ref1
Frick, Dr ref1
Friesoythe ref1
Fritz X radio-controlled bomb ref1
GAL/56 ref1
gas technology see chemical weapons
Gaskell, Major John ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Gendorf ref1
Gerlach, Rear Admiral von ref1
Gerlach, Walter ref1
German Baltic Fleet ref1, ref2
German naval archives ref1, ref2
German naval intelligence ref1
German refugees ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Germany
demilitarization ref1
industrial dispersal policy ref1, ref2
intelligence commandos ref1
military technological superiority ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
postwar economic and industrial regeneration ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
T-Force operations in ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16
terms of surrender ref1
see also reparations policy and programme
Gescher ref1
Gimbel, John ref1
Glanville, Lt Commander Jim ref1, ref2
gliders ref1
Gloucester Meteor ref1
Godfrey, Admiral John ref1, ref2
Gorbrecht, Dr Heinrich ref1
Göring, Hermann ref1
Goslar ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
Goudge, Lt Commander Kenneth ref1
Grant, Colonel P.C. ref1
Groll, Dr ref1
Groningen ref1
Gross, Dr Eberhard ref1
Groth, Professor Wilhelm ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Grove ref1
Groves, General Leslie ref1, ref2
Grylls, Brigadier William Edward ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
gun barrel rifling ref1
gyroscopic gunsights ref1
Haagen, Professor Eugen ref1
Haaksbergen ref1
Habs, Professor ref1
Hahn, Professor Otto ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Halberstadt ref1
Halle ref1
Hamburg ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17
Haningsen ref1
Hannover ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Hanomag truck factory ref1
Hardy, Lt Ken ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
Hargreaves-Heap, Captain ref1
Harlingen ref1
Harris, Major W.S. ref1
Harteck, Dr Paul ref1, ref2, ref3
Hartmann, Dr Paul ref1
Harz mountains ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Hase, Professor ref1
Haw-Haw, Lord ref1, ref2, ref3
Hawker Typhoon ref1
Haynes, Lt Cdr ref1
Hazebrouck ref1
Heep, Heinrich ref1
Heidenheim ref1
Heisenberg, Professor Werner ref1, ref2, ref3
Hellenthal ref1
Hengelo ref1
Henke, Dr Hans ref1
Henschel ref1
radio-controlled bomb ref1
Henshaw, Private Harry ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
Herford ref1
Hermanville-sur-Mer ref1
Hermes-A1 missile ref1
Hesedorf ref1
Heslop-Harrison, Jack ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Hibbert, Major Tony ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25, ref26
Hill, Brigadier James ref1
Hill, Major ref1
Hillersleben ref1
Hilmer, Dr ref1
Hilton, Private Henry ref1
Hitler, Adolf ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
HMS Excalibur ref1
HMS Explorer ref1
HMS Glowworm ref1
HMS Hood ref1
HMS Meteorite ref1
HMS Sidon ref1
Hollerith punched-card machines ref1
hollow-charge projectiles ref1
homing-beacon codes ref1
Hörlein, Professor Heinrich ref1, ref2
Horn, Dr ref1
Høruphav ref1
Houilles ref1
Howard, Captain Michael ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22
HP115 ref1
HS293 glider bomb ref1
Hughes-Gibb, Jean ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Hulsea ref1
hunger, civilian ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
HWK Starthilfe engines ref1
hydrogen peroxide fuel ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15
industrial diamonds ref1
infra-red technology ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Inter-Allied Reparations Agency (IARA) ref1
interpreters ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
investigation teams ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
James, Major Jimmy ref1
Japan ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Japanese consulates ref1, ref2, ref3
Japanese intelligence targets ref1
Japanese–German economic and military relationship ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
Jena ref1
jet propulsion ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22
Joint Intelligence Committees (JIC) ref1, ref2
Jülich ref1
Juno Beach ref1
Kaiser-Wilhelm canal ref1
Kangler, General ref1
Kassel ref1
Katter, Dr ref1
Kershaw, Major ref1
Keslick, Lt ref1
Kiel ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20
Kiel canal ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Kington, Edward ref1
Korsching, Horst ref1
Kraemer, Dr ref1
Kramer, Doctor Max ref1
Kransberg Castle ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Kranz, Dr ref1
Kraus, Captain ref1
Krefeld ref1
Krupps ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Küchemann, Dr Dietrich ref1
Kupfer und Drahtwerke factory ref1
Lambert, Major George ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25
Lambie, Lt Commander ref1
Langdon, Major John ref1
Laue, Max von ref1
Lauenburg ref1
Lawson, ‘Jock’ ref1
Lawton, Ron ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
Le Havre ref1
Le Neve Foster, Major H.C. ref1, ref2
Leck ref1
Leclerc, General Philippe ref1
Leeuwarden ref1
Leichlingen ref1
Leipzig ref1
Leuna ref1
Leverkusen ref1
Lewis, John Spedan ref1
Leyster, General ref1
Lie, Trygve ref1
Linde, Dr Hans-Jürgen von der ref1
Lines of Communication ref1
Lion-sur-Mer ref1
local government records ref1
long-range guns ref1
Longfield, Private John ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20
looting ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
Lorsbach, Dr ref1
Lovat, Lord ref1
Lübeck ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Lucas, Tony ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
Ludwigshafen ref1
Luftwaffe research facilities ref1, ref2
Lüneburger Heide ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Lünen ref1
Lüthje, Hans ref1
MacDonald, Sir Peter ref1
Magdeburg Bulge ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Mannheim ref1
Marshall, Major ref1
Marshall Plan ref1
Maschinenfabrik Niedersachsen ref1
‘Matchbox’ facility ref1, ref2
Maunsell, Brigadier ref1
Mauser rifle manufacturing plant ref1
Mega Volt Research Association ref1
Meppen ref1
Merchant Navy ref1
Messerschmitt Me 16 ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Messerschmitt Me 262 ref1, ref2, ref3
metallurgical processes ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
meterological research station ref1
MI5 Counter-Espionage Department ref1
Middleton, Charles ref1
MIG15 ref1
military–industrial research centres ref1, ref2
mines ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Mitchell, Lt Commander ref1
Mittelwerk rocket factory ref1, ref2, ref3
model ships ref1
Möhr, Kapitan Wilhelm ref1, ref2
Montgomery, Field Marshal Bernard ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Moore, Ken ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16
Morse code transmitters ref1
Mountbatten, Lord Louis ref1
Mrugowsky, Dr Joachim ref1, ref2
Müller, Dr ref1
Mumma, Captain Albert ref1
Munich ref1
Munsterlager ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
Muschamp, H.L. ref1
Mussolini, Benito ref1
Natzweiler-Struthof ref1
navigational beacons ref1
Netherlands Army ref1
Neuengamme ref1
Neumünster ref1
Nicol, Colonel J.W ref1
night-time aerial photography ref1
nitrogen fixation plants ref1
No. 30 Commando see 30 Assault Unit (30AU)
non-fraternisation rule ref1, ref2
Norden ref1
Nordrhein-Westphalia ref1
nuclear science ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11
Nürnberg ref1
Nutting, David C. ref1
Oberth, Professor Hermann ref1
O’Connor, Lt General Richard ref1, ref2
Oeren ref1
Offensive Naval Intelligence Group ref1
oil-diffusion pumps ref1
Old Comrades Association ref1, ref2, ref3
Oldhau ref1
Operation Backfire ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Operation Market Garden ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Operation Overcast ref1
Operation Plunder ref1
Operation Scrum Half ref1
Operation Surgeon ref1
Opperation Bottleneck ref1
Osenberg, Professor Werner ref1
Ouistreham ref1
Papanburg ref1
Paris ref1
Pearson, Lt Cdr ref1
Peenemünde ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Peine ref1
Pelzerhaken ref1
Pennycook, Brigadier G.H.C. ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25, ref26, ref27, ref28
Pethick, Lt ref1
‘Phantom’ unit ref1
Phoenix Rubber works ref1
Picker, Professor ref1
Pike, Captain ref1
Pitt-Pladdy Lt Tom ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25, ref26, ref27, ref28, ref29, ref30, ref31, ref32, ref33, ref34
plastics ref1
platinum ref1
Plauen ref1
Plön ref1
PlönerSee ref1
Pointe du Raz ref1
Polish underground ref1
Port-en-Bessin ref1
Porton Down weapons research facility ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Potsdam Conference ref1
Priestley, Margaret ref1
Prinz Eugen ref1
prisoners of war
Queen Beach ref1
Quill, Colonel Humphrey ref1, ref2
radar systems ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
radio equipment ref1, ref2, ref3
radio-controlled bombs ref1
railway signalling equipment ref1
Raubkammer ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
Record Rubber Works ref1
RedArmy ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13
Rehden ref1
Reichswald Forest ref1
reparations policy and programme ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
reparations teams ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
reverse thrust engines ref1
Revertex ref1
Rheine ref1
Rheinmetall-Borsig plant ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Richter, Dr ref1
Riley, Lt Commander Quintin ref1
River Elbe ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
River Ems ref1
River Orne ref1
River Rhine ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
rocket fuel storage tanks ref1, ref2
rocket technology ref1, ref2,ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13
Rokossovsky Marshal Konstantin ref1
Roosevelt, F.D.R. ref1
Ross, Dr ref1
Rotenburg ref1
Rothschild, Lt Colonel Lord ref1
Royal Air Force ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13
Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) Farnborough ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Royal Dutch Shell Company ref1
Royal Marines ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15
see also 30 Assault Unit (30AU)
Royal Navy ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19
Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve (RNVR) ref1, ref2
Special Boat Service (SBS) ref1
see also 30 Assault Unit (30AU)
Royal Norwegian Navy ref1
rubber production techniques ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Rush, Reg ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11
Russell, Charles ref1
Russia see Soviet Union
Ryder, Commander Robert ref1
Sæby ref1
safe blowing ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
St Nazaire ref1
St Omer ref1
Salzgitter ref1
Sarin gas ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Scarfe, Lt ref1
Schleswig-Holstein ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Schlieben, General Karl-Wilhelm von ref1
Schloss Tambach ref1, ref2, ref3
Schmidt, Dr ref1
Schnitzler, Dr Georg von ref1
Schrader, Dr Gerhard ref1
Schweckendien, Captain ref1
Schwerin Pocket ref1, ref2, ref3
Scientific and Technical Intelligence Branch (STIB) ref1
scientists
alleged T-Force aggressive detention of ref1, ref2
attitudes and reliability of ref1, ref2
Communist Party scientists ref1
Dissatisfactions of ref1, ref2
evacuation of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22
interrogation of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19
overseas requests for ref1
re-employment by the British ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11
Soviet targeting of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
see also investigation teams
Shell & Standard Oil Combine ref1
signalling manuals and equipment ref1
Simpson, General William H. ref1
sintered iron ref1
Skisby ref1
Skorzeny Otto ref1
slave labourers ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17
Smith, Lt General W.B. ref1
smokescreen troops ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
snipers ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
Sogel ref1
Soviet Technical Commission ref1
Soviet Union ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
advance on Denmark ref1, ref2, ref3
and British reservation policy ref1
chemical weapons research ref1
evacuation of material ref1, ref2
military research facilities in Germany ref1
share of German booty ref1
and T-Force Cold War operations ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12
targeting of German scientists ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
see also Red Army
Space Shuttle ref1
Spandau ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Spanish Civil War ref1, ref2, ref3
Special Engineering Unit ref1
Special Projectiles Operations Group (SPOG) ref1
Special Service Brigade ref1
SS ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
Starkshorn ref1
Stealth fighters ref1
Stockstadt ref1
Strabismus, Dr ref1
Stuttgart ref1
submarine technology ref1, ref2
‘super gun’project ref1
supersonic flight ref1
Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19
swept-wing aircraft ref1, ref2, ref3
Sword Beach ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
synthetic fuel ref1, ref2, ref3
see also hydrogen peroxide fuel
T-Force
accused of jeopardizing ceasefire ref1
administrative work ref1, ref2, ref3
Canadian and US detachments ref1
civilianized staff ref1, ref2, ref3
classified documentation ref1, ref2
Cold War operations ref1, ref2
cooperation and coordination issues ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
criticisms of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Danish operations ref1
Dutch operations ref1, ref2, ref3
German operations ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15
Kiel operation ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
No. 1 T-Force ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
operations, pattern of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
origins and early development ref1, ref2, ref3
personnel ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11
public recognition of ref1, ref2
reorganisation (1946) ref1
reparations work ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12
role and operational responsibilities ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
secrecy surrounding ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
see also 30 Assault Unit (30AU); targets
T-Stoff’ cannon ref1
TA550 radio-controlled torpedo ref1
Tabun gas ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Takke Fabrichen factory ref1
tank design and production ref1, ref2, ref3
Tapper, Fred ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
targets
Tarr, Lt Colonel ref1
Taute, Dr ref1
Taylor, Lt Stan ref1, ref2, ref3
telephone exchanges ref1, ref2, ref3
textile industries ref1, ref2, ref3
Thompson, Captain ref1
torpedo design ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13
torpedo predictor system ref1, ref2
torpedo-firing pistol ref1, ref2
training ref1
transport shortages ref1, ref2
Trauen ref1
Tripartite Naval Commission ref1
Trondheim ref1
Tunisia ref1
Twining-Davies, Jack ref1, ref2, ref3
Twistringen ref1
Typhoon rocket ref1
see also submarine technology
Unterlüss ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Urquhart, Major Brian ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21
US Army
USA
US-UK rocket project rivalry and collaboration ref1
Utah Beach ref1
V2 rockets ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
V3 rockets ref1
Valde, Dr Hermann ref1
vanadium ref1
Venlo ref1
Vereinigte Aluminium-Werke ref1
Vogel, Brigadier Frank ref1
volt neutron generators ref1
Wageningen ref1
‘Wagner Bomb’ ref1
Wagner, Professor ref1
Wallhead, Steve ref1
Walsrode ref1
Walter, Dr Hellmuth ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16
Walterwerke factory ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15
Warnemünde ref1
Waterfall rocket ref1
weapons development ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
see also individual weapons
Weatherall, Cpl ref1
Weizsäcker, Carl Friedrich von ref1
Welsh, Commander ref1
Wensendorf ref1
Werben ref1
Wesermünde ref1
Wheeler, Captain Charles ref1, ref2
White, Sgt Bob ref1
Widia Werk ref1
Wigg, Sgt Bob ref1
Wigge, Dr ref1
Wilhelm Schmidding works ref1
Wilkinson, Tommy ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Williams, Sgt ref1
Wimmer, Professor ref1
Wingler, Dr August ref1
Winsen ref1
Winterton, Lt Colonel Percy ref1, ref2
Wirth, Professor Wolfgang ref1
Wirtz, Karl ref1
Wismar ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Wolfen ref1
Wolff shotgun factory ref1
Woods, Vic ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13
‘Woolforce’ ref1
Woolley Lt Colonel ref1
Wreford-Brown, Lt Colonel B.D. ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15
Wright, Bill ref1
Wullenweber radar system ref1
X-Craft ref1
X4 rocket projectile ref1
X7 rocket projectile ref1
Yalta Agreement ref1
Young, Major ref1
Zhukov, Marshal Georgi ref1
Zyklon B ref1
Soldiers of the 5th Battalion, The King’s Regiment, on Sword Beach on the morning of D-Day.
T-Force reconnaissance armoured car, Spring 1945. Part of a detachment from the 5th King’s serving with the British 11th Armoured Division.
March 1945. A signpost at the German border warning British troops how to behave.
Officers of the 5th Battalion, The King’s Regiment, photographed in May 1945. Lt Colonel Guy Wreford-Brown is fifth from the right on the front row.
C Company of the 5th King’s in Denmark, May 1945.
B Troop of 30 Advanced Unit, Royal Marines in Germany, May 1945. The Troop commander Lt Commander Jim ‘Sancho’ Glanville is standing in front of the tree wearing a Royal Navy cap.
A jeep of B Troop, 30AU, Royal Marines at Minden, Germany, May 1945.
T-Force Royal Navy investigator John Bradley (lef) with Commander Dunstan Curtis of 30AU. Bradley was a metallurgist who had worked in railway engine design before being seconded to the Admiralty.
T-Force evacuating equipment from a factory in Köln (Cologne), March 1945. Te photograph was taken by John Bradley, who had helped investigate the factory.
A German Type XVIIB U-boat, salvaged from the waters of the Baltic, being prepared for despatch to the UK for further investigation.
An experimental glider bomb being tested at the ‘Walterwerke’ in Kiel. Tis was just one of many new weapons developed by the factory’s owner, Dr Walter.
Dr Walter’s ‘Cleopatra’ anti-beach defence weapon afer wartime tests. Te jet-powered boat was designed to be fred from the sea, before rising from the water and destroying beach defences.
The Admiral Hipper in Kiel harbour, ‘captured’ by T-Force on 5 May 1945. Soldiers from ‘A’ Company of the 5th King’s came under fire from the ship before boarding her and disarming the crew.
The bomb-damaged Naval Academy in May 1945. It was there that Major Tony Hibbert accepted the surrender of Kiel’s garrison.
Dr Helmut Walter, detained by T-Force in May 1945. Walter (in hat) is seen here watching weapons tests at his factory.
The ‘Walterwerke’, the factory where so much of Germany’s most advanced military equipment had been designed. Its output included high-speed submarines, V1 rocket launch systems and the engines for the V2 missiles.
Men of the 5th Battalion, The King’s Regiment, listening to Churchill’s VE Day broadcast in Kiel, 8 May 1945. Tey had arrived in the city on 5 May, having ignored the ceasefre and advanced 60 miles behind German lines.
Soldiers of T-Force retrieving experimental torpedo combustion chambers from a bomb crater outside Kiel. The equipment had been hidden there on the orders of Dr Walter.
German mini submarines under investigation by 30AU, Royal Marines at Eckenforde, Germany. Summer 1945.
German scientists on the Blankensee ferry afer being detained by T-Force, September 1945.
Soldiers of No.1 T-Force with a German Panther tank. Detachments searched throughout the British zone for tanks that could be used for research purposes.
Jean Hughes-Gibb at her desk in HQ T-Force. She was the first civilian to be employed by the unit and was responsible for organizing the collection of German scientists who were to be sent to the UK.
Lt Colonel Percy Winterton, Commander No.2 T-Force, photographed meeting a Russian investigation team. T-Force’s post-war work included the frustration of Russian efforts to obtain the services of German scientists and evacuate equipment of military importance.
The skyline of the Ruhr in 1947. Germany’s foremost industrial zone provided a rich hunting ground for T-Force teams in the post-war period.
