CHAPTER 1
1 V.Y. Mudimbe, The Invention of Africa: Gnosis, Philosophy and the Order of Knowledge. (Bloomington, Indianapolis, London: Indiana University Press, 1988), p. 145.
2 Donald R. Morris, The Washing of the Spears: The Rise and Fall of the Zulu Nation (New York: Da Capo Press, 1998), pp. 283–85.
3 Ibid, pp. 352–420. Kevin Shillington, History of Africa, 2nd revised edition (New York: Macmillan, 2005), p. 320.
4 Shillington, pp. 329–30.
5 Ibid. pp. 267,329–31, 363–63, 410–11. See also David Lamb, The Africans (New York: Vintage Books, 1987), pp. 316, 320, 322–26, 328.
6 Krueler interviews.
7 Ibid.
8 Daniel J. Theron, Out of the Ashes: The Boer’s Struggle For Freedom Through the English War 1899–1902 (Unknown location: 1st Books Library, 2000), pp. 12, 23. See also Shillington, pp. 317, 320–25, 330, 402; Lamb, p. 332.
9 Thomas Pakenham, The Boer War (New York: Avon Books, 1992), p. 342.
10 Ibid. pp. 3–7. See also Shillington, pp. 304–05, 309, 312.
11 Bruce Fetter (ed), Colonial Rule in Africa: Readings from the Primary Sources (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1979), pp. 4, 7, 10, 15, 24, 28, 31–38, 59.
12 On this topic, see J.A.S. Grenville, A History of the World in the 20th Century (The Belknap Press/Harvard University Press, 2000), p.6.
13 Pakenham, Boer War, p. 198. Fetter, p. 71.
14 Ibid. pp. 12–13, 21, 59, 63, 103.
15 Text by Gregory Fremont-Barnes from ESSENTIALS 52, The Boer War 1899–1902 (New York, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, Ltd, 2003), p. 21, also www.ospreypublishing.com. See also Pakenham, The Boer War, pp. xxv, xxvi, xxix, 13–15, 21–22.
16 Fremont-Barnes, p. 22.
17 Ibid. p. 29.
18 Pakenham, Boer War, pp. 14, 34, 56, 62, 66, 103, 118.
19 Ibid. pp. 58–66, 406.
20 Fremont-Barnes, p. 31.
21 Pakenham, Boer War on Milner pp. 137, 195. Fetter, pp. 62, 73, 70–72.
22 Fremont-Barnes, p. 32.
23 Ibid. p.31. On Steyn see Theron pp. 23, 81, 96, 103.
24 Fremont-Barnes, p. 34.
25 Ibid.
26 Ibid. p. 29.
27 Ibid. On Smuts also see Theron, pp. 116, 143, 146, 148, 170, 191, 238; Fetter, pp. 26, 76–78.
28 Pakenham, Boer War, pp. 71, 73, 75. See also Theron, pp. 25, 37, 49, 83.
29 Krueler interviews.
30 Fremont-Barnes, p. 36. See also Pakenham, Boer War, pp. 139,142,144.
31 Fremont-Barnes, p. 26.
32 Pakenham, Boer War, pp. 187, 190–93, 209, 34, 423.
33 Ibid. pp. 119, 161, 181, 189, 190–92, 209.
34 Ibid. pp. 199, 201, 204–5. See also Theron, p. 22; on Kruger pp. 10, 67, 75, 92, 98, 100–01, 224, 241.
35 Krueler interviews.
36 Fremont-Barnes, p. 27.
37 Krueler interviews.
38 Fremont-Barnes p. 28.
39 Deneys Reitz, Commando: A Boer Journal of the Boer War (New York: Charles Boni, 1930)
40 Fremont-Barnes, p. 27.
41 Krueler interviews.
42 Reitz, p. 24.
43 Pakenham, The Boer War, pp. 173, 176, 178; on Reitz pp. 105–7, 173, 304–5, 315–16, 320, 456. See also Theron, pp. 17, 24; also Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations (New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1977), p. 183n. On Botha see Walzer, pp. 76, 152.
44 Pakenham, Boer War, pp. 180, 215, 225, 228–32, 237.
45 Ibid. pp. 249, 291–92.
46 Ibid. pp. 258, 265. Theron, pp. 19, 23, 91.
47 Krueler interviews.
48 Pakenham, Boer War, pp. 168–70, 180–87.
49 Krueler interviews.
50 Ibid.
51 Theron, on Cronje pp. 16, 31, 55, 60.
52 Krueler interviews.
53 Pakenham, Boer War, p. 326.
54 Theron, pp. 16, 23, 74.
55 Krueler interviews.
56 Pakenham, Boer War, pp. 196, 202, 205.
57 Fremont-Barnes, p. 42.
58 Ibid. p. 44. See also Pakenham, Boer War, pp. 185, 187, 199, 209, 211.
59 Pakenham, Boer War, p. 326.
60 Theron, pp. 16, 20–1, 63.
61 Krueler interviews.
62 Ibid.
63 Pakenham, Boer War, p. 179.
64 Krueler interviews.
65 Fremont-Barnes, p. 44. See also Pakenham, Boer War, pp. 223, 258.
66 Fremont-Barnes, p. 41.
67 Theron, on Stormberg, p.20.
68 Fremont-Barnes, p.45.
69 Ibid.
70 Pakenham, Boer War, pp. 180, 224–25. Theron, pp. 22, 38, 42.
71 Krueler interviews.
72 Fremont-Barnes, pp. 45–46.
73 Ibid. p. 47.
74 Ibid.
75 Ibid. p. 48.
76 Pakenham, Boer War, pp. 176, 180, 199, 201. Also Krueler interviews.
77 The Daily Mail, October 28, 1899.
78 Krueler interviews.
79 Ibid.
80 Ibid.
81 Fremont-Barnes, p. 48.
82 Krueler interviews.
83 Ibid.
84 Fremont-Barnes, p. 48.
85 Krueler interviews.
86 Fremont-Barnes. p. 39.
87 Krueler interviews.
88 Ibid.
89 Fremont-Barnes, p. 48.
90 See Robert Daniels, Failures at Spion Kop. American Military University, ‘Great Papers’ (Aug. 8, 2004), p. 5, citing Eversley Belfield, The Boer War (London: Leo Cooper, Ltd., 1975), p. 70.
91 Daniels, p. 5; Doyle, p. 160.
92 Ibid. Ibid.
93 Krueler interviews.
94 Pakenham, Boer War, pp. 294–96.
95 Krueler interviews.
CHAPTER 2
96 Ibid.
97 Pakenham, The Boer War, p. 314; Krueler interviews.
98 Daniels, p. 7; Ruari Chisholm, Ladysmith (London: Osprey Publishing Limited, 1979), p. 181.
99 Ibid. p. 6; Ibid. p. 179.
100 Pakenham, Boer War, pp. 297–98.
101 Ibid; also pp. 317–18.
102 Ibid, p. 294. See also Daniels, p.4 citing Pakenham. Daniels’ research paper is also located at he following website, http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/19thCentury/articles/spionkop.aspx
103 Belfield, p. 70; Daniels, p. 4.
104 Arthur Conan Doyle, The Great Boer War (McLean, VA: Indy Publish.com, n.d.), pp. 159–60; Daniels, p. 4.
105 Belfield, p. 70, Daniels, p. 8.
106 Fremont-Barnes, p. 49.
107 Byron Farwell, The Great Anglo-Boer War. (New York: Harper & Row, 1976), p. 167. Daniels, p. 10.
108 Pakenham, The Boer War, p. 298.
109 Farwell, p. 167.
110 Pakenham, The Boer War, pp. 318–19.
111 Ibid. p. 168.
112 Krueler interviews.
113 Farwell, p. 169.
114 Krueler interviews.
115 Reitz, p.74.
116 Ibid, p. 83.
117 Farwell, p. 169; Daniels, p. 13.
118 Pakenham, Boer War, p. 305.
119 Krueler interviews.
120 Reitz, p. 77.
121 Pakingham, p. 305.
122 Reitz, p. 83.
123 Pakenham, Boer War, p. 303.
124 Reitz, p. 83.
125 Pakenham, Boer War, p. 305.
126 Krueler interviews.
127 Ibid.
128 Farwell, pp. 169–70; Daniels, p. 14.
129 Krueler interviews.
130 Reitz, p. 78.
131 Krueler interviews.
132 Ibid.
133 Reitz, p. 78.
134 Krueler interviews.
135 Ibid.
136 Reitz, p. 78.
137 Krueler interviews.
138 Ibid.
139 Ibid.
140 Ibid.
141 Pakenham, Boer War, p. 309.
142 Krueler interviews.
143 Pakenham, Boer War . p. 312.
144 Ibid. p. 309.
145 Ibid. p. 310.
146 Krueler interviews.
147 Reitz, p. 80.
148 Krueler interviews.
149 Pakenham, The Boer Warp.311.
150 Reitz, pp. 80–81
151 Krueler interviews.
152 Pakenham, The Boer War, p. 312.
153 Ibid.
154 Krueler Interviews.
155 Ibid.
156 Ibid.
157 Ibid.
158 Ibid.
159 Ibid.
160 Pakenham, The Boer War, p. 313.
161 Ibid, pp. 319–20.
162 Ibid. pp. 315, 319–20.
163 Krueler interviews.
164 Ibid.
165 Pakenham, The Boer War, p. 318, citing Winston Churchill, London to Ladysmith (1900), p. 309.
166 Fremont-Barnes, p. 49.
167 Krueler interviews.
168 Fremont-Barnes, p. 49.
169 Pakenham, Boer War, p. 315. See also Reitz, p.84.
170 Krueler interviews.
171 Ibid.
172 Ibid.
173 Ibid.
174 Ibid.
175 Ibid.
176 Ibid.
177 Ibid.
178 Ibid.
179 Fremont-Barnes, p. 56. See also Peter Holt, “Costly British Victory at Paardeberg,” Military History (Feb. 2000), Primedia Publications, vol. 16, no. 6, ISSN 0889–7328, p. 59.
180 Krueler interviews.
CHAPTER 3
181 Ibid. p. 53.
182 Pakenham, The Boer War, p. 332.
183 Ibid. p. 334.
184 Krueler interviews.
185 Pakenham, The Boer War, p. 345.
186 Ibid. p. 346.
187 Holt, p. 59.
188 Krueler interview.
189 Ibid.
190 Holt, p. 59.
191 Ibid.
192 Krueler interview; also Pakenham, The Boer War, pp. 347–51.
193 Holt, p. 60.
194 Krueler interviews., Pakenham, The Boer War, p. 352.
195 Holt, p. 60.
196 Pakenham, The Boer War, p. 349.
197 Holt, p. 61.
198 Pakenham, The Boer War, p. 352.
199 Ibid. p. 351.
200 Fremont-Barnes, p. 57.
201 Reitz, p. 87.
202 Krueler interviews.
203 Ibid.
204 Pakenham, The Boer War
205 Ibid, p. 352; also Krueler interviews; Holt, p. 61.
206 Krueler interviews.
207 Ibid.
208 Ibid.
209 Ibid.
210 Ibid.
211 Ibid.
212 Ibid.
213 Ibid.
214 Ibid.
215 Ibid.
216 Ibid.
217 Ibid.
218 Ibid. Holt, p. 63.
219 Pakenham, The Boer War, p. 357.
220 Krueler interviews.
221 Ibid.
222 Ibid.
223 Pakenham, The Boer War, pp. 354–55.
224 Krueler interviews.
225 Ibid.
226 Pakenham., The Boer War 354–55
227 Ibid, p. 357. Pakenham believes this figure is too low.
228 Ibid. p. 356.
229 Holt, p. 63.
230 Krueler interviews.
231 Pakenham, The Boer War, p. 357.
232 Ibid.
233 Ibid. p. 356.
234 Ibid, pp. 358–59. See Holt, p. 64.
235 Krueler interviews.
236 Pakenham, The Boer War, p. 374.
237 Holt, p. 64.
238 Ibid, pp. 62–63 (inset)
239 Ibid, p. 64.
CHAPTER 4
240 For a thorough examination on this topic, see Pamela Scully, “Rape, Race and Colonial Culture: The Sexual Politics of Identity in Nineteenth-Century Cape Colony, South Africa.” The American Historical Review, Vol. 100, No. 2 (April 1995), pp. 335–59.
241 Pakenham, The Boer War, p. 523.
242 Ibid.
243 Ibid.
244 Ibid. pp.
245 Ibid. 524.
246 Krueler interviews.
247 Pakenham, The Boer War, p. 533.
248 Ibid. p. 534.
249 Ibid. p. 548.
250 Ibid.
251 Ibid. p. 549.
252 Ibid.
253 Ibid, p. 548.
254 Krueler interviews.
255 Ibid.
256 Ibid.
257 Ibid.
258 Pakenham, The Boer War, p. 548.
259 Krueler interviews.
260 Ibid.
261 Ibid.
262 Ibid.
263 Ibid.
264 Ibid.
265 Ibid.
266 Ibid.
267 Ibid.
268 Pakenham, The Boer War, p. 535.
269 Ibid.
270 Ibid.
271 Ibid. p. 540.
272 Ibid. p. 547.
273 Ibid. p. 543.
274 Krueler interviews.
275 Ibid.
276 Ibid.
277 Ibid.
278 Pakenham, The Boer War, p. 544.
279 Ibid.
280 Pakenham, The Boer War, p. 565.
281 Ibid. p. 573.
282 Ibid.
283 Ibid., pp. 576–77.
284 Krueler interviews.
285 Ibid.
286 Pakenham, The Boer War, p. 579.
287 Krueler interviews.
288 Pakenham, The Boer War, p. 583.
289 Ibid. p.583.
290 Ibid. 592.
291 Ibid.
292 Krueler interviews.
293 Pakenham, The Boer War, pp.592–93.
294 Ibid. p. 593.
295 Krueler interviews.
296 Pakenham, p.584.
297 Ibid. p. 585.
298 Ibid. p. 586.
299 Ibid. p.587.
300 Krueler interviews.
301 Pakenham, The Boer War, p. 596.
302 Krueler interviews.
303 Pakenham, The Boer War, p.604.
CHAPTER 5
304 Krueler interviews.
305 Ibid.
306 Peter Abrahams, Mine Boy (Cape Town, London: Heinemann, 1989). Dr. Andrew Clark, professor of African History at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington recommended this book in my first undergraduate African history class with him, and it is quite a good novel.
307 Krueler interviews.
308 Ibid.
309 Ibid.
310 Ibid.
311 Ibid.
312 Ibid.
313 Ibid.
314 Ibid.
315 Ibid.
316 Byron Farwell, The Great War in Africa 1914–1918 (New York: WW Norton & Co., 1986), p. 109.
317 Krueler interviews. See also Farwell, p. 109.
318 Ibid.
319 Ibid.
320 Edmund Dane, British Campaigns in Africa and the Pacific, 1914–1918 (New York: Hodder and Stoughton, 1919). Reprint (Nashville; Battery Press, 2003), p. 5.
321 Ibid. p. 28
322 Ibid, p. 29.
323 Heaton, Military History, p. 54. Gaisser sent a telegram informing the two men that they had been accepted as border police, after they joined the army.
324 Dane, p. 31.
325 Krueler interviews.
326 Ibid.
327 Ibid.
328 Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck, My Reminiscences of East Africa (Nashville; Battery Press, no date of reprint), p. 38. See also Edmund Dane, British Campaigns in Africa and the Pacific, 1914–1918 (Nashville: Battery Press, 2003 reprint of 1919 edition), pp. 88–89.
329 Hew Strachan. The First World War in Africa (New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), p. 99.
330 Farwell, pp. 107–09.
331 Peter Hathaway Capstick, Warrior: The Legend of Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen (New York: St. Martins Press, 1998), p. 185.
332 Farwell, pp. 161–62.
333 J.J. Collyer, The South Africans with General Smuts in German East Africa, 1916 (Nashville: Battery Press, 2004), p. 38.
334 Capstick, pp. 186–87.
335 Brian Garfield, The Meinertzhagen Mystery: The Life and Legend of a Colossal Fraud (Wash., D.C: Potomac Books, Inc., 2007), p.p. 89–91.
336 Ibid. p. 187. See also Dane, p. 89.
337 Capstick, p. 187.
338 Krueler interviews. See also Farwell, pp. 109,164–5, 167–8, 170–1.
339 Capstick, p. 187.
340 Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 41. See also Farwell, pp. 141,169.
341 Farwell, pp. 167–69.
342 Capstick, p. 188.
343 Dane, p. 88.
344 Krueler interviews.
345 Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 40.
346 Ibid, p. 41, also corroborated by Krueler. See also Farwell, pp. 113, 123, 125, 171, 178, 196.
347 Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 42.
348 Krueler interviews.
349 Capstick, p. 188. See also Farwell, p. 170.
350 Farwell, p. 169.
351 Garfield, p. 94.
352 Krueler interviews.
353 Lettow-Vorbeck, p.43.
354 Krueler interviews.
355 Ibid.
356 Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 43.
357 Krueler interviews.
358 Dane stated the losses at 800, p. 89.
359 Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 44.. See also Capstick, p. 189; Farwell, p. 171.
360 Krueler interviews.
361 Farwell, p. 163.
362 Krueler interviews.
363 Ibid.
364 Ibid.
365 Garfield, p. 85.
366 Wolff interview, January 1984, with introduction by SS Brigadier General Otto Kumm.
367 Farwell, pp. 192–93.
368 Ibid, p. 107.
369 Krueler interviews.
370 Ibid.
371 Capstick, pp. 189–90; Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 44; Dane, p. 40.
372 On Meinertzhagen from another source, see Farwell, pp. 109,164–65, 167–68, 170–71, 174–78, 195–97, 200, 204, 206, 214, 255, 257, 264–65, 275. On this event see p. 175, and also Capstick, p. 190.
373 Capstick, p. 190.
374 Farwell, p. 164.
375 Ibid, p.176.
376 Krueler interview.
377 Garfield, p. 100.
378 Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 45.
379 Dane, p. 41.
380 Krueler interviews.
381 Strachan, p. 125.
382 Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 47.
383 Strachan, p. 139.
384 Lettow-Vorbeck, pp. 50–51
385 Ibid, p. 53.
386 Krueler interviews.
387 Ibid.
388 Ibid.
CHAPTER 6
389 Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 55.
390 Ibid, p. 56.
391 Ibid, p. 57.
392 Farwell, p. 202.
393 Lettow-Vorbeck, pp. 57–58.
394 Ibid, p. 63.
395 Krueler interviews.
396 See Farwell, p. 202.
397 Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 59.
398 Farwell, p. 202.
399 Krueler interviews.
400 Ibid. See also Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 63.
401 Farwell, p. 202.
402 Krueler interviews.
403 Lettow-Vorbeck, pp. 60–61. Farwell, pp. 202–03.
404 Farwell, p. 203.
405 Krueler interviews.
406 Farwell, p. 110.
407 Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 64.
408 Krueler interviews.
409 Krueler interviews.
410 Lettow-Vorbeck, pp. 64–65.
411 Krueler interviews. See also Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 65 for his remarks.
412 Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 65.
413 Krueler interviews. See also Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 65.
414 Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 66.
415 Krueler interviews.
416 Ibid.
417 Ibid.
418 Strachan, p. 126.
419 Krueler interviews.
420 Ibid.
421 Ibid.
422 Ibid.
423 Ibid.
424 Ibid.
425 Ibid.
426 Ibid.
427 Ibid.
428 Ibid.
429 Ibid.
430 Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 72.
431 Krueler interviews.
432 Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 71.
433 Strachan, p. 124. All the sources by Farwell, Strachan and Lettow-Vorbeck supply the same data and corroborate each other.
434 Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 72.
435 Strachan, p. 135.
436 Farwell, pp. 199–200.
437 Krueler interviews.
438 Strachan, p. 102. On Reitz see Farwell, pp. 112, 273, 283, 293, 312–13. It is a shame that Reitz did not write about this period of his life in any great detail in his memoirs.
439 Krueler interviews.
440 Farwell, p. 210.
441 Krueler interviews.
442 Farwell, pp. 210–11.
CHAPTER 7
443 Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 74.
444 Ibid, p. 75; Krueler interviews.
445 Ibid, Ibid.
446 Krueler interviews. See Farwell, p. 193.
447 Krueler interviews.
448 Ibid.
449 Ibid.
450 Farwell, p. 214.
451 Krueler interviews.
452 Ibid.
453 Farwell, p.212
454 Ibid, p. 211.
455 Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 78.
456 Krueler interviews.
457 Ibid.
458 Farwell, p. 216.
459 Krueler interviews.
460 Strachan, p. 122.
461 Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 82.
462 Farwell, p. 258.
463 Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 82.
464 Farwell, pp. 218–19.
465 Strachan, p. 113.
466 Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 92.
467 See also Dane, p. 139, and Farwell, pp. 287–88, 317, 324–27.
468 Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 93.
469 Ibid.
470 Krueler interviews. Lettow-Vorbeck placed the number
471 Krueler interviews. See also Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 93.
472 Krueler interviews.
473 Strachan, p. 122.
474 Ibid, p. 131.
475 Krueler interviews. See a brief mention in Heaton, Military History (Feb. 2003), p. 55.
476 Krueler interview.
477 Strachan, p. 138. See Farwell, p. 110.
478 Krueler interviews.
479 Dane, p. 148.
480 Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 165. See also Clifford, p. 40.
481 Krueler interview. See truncated version at Heaton, Military History, p. 55.
482 Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 166. See also Farwell, pp. 127–144 on the amazing story of this ship.
CHAPTER 8
483 Krueler interview.
484 Farwell, p. 286.
485 Heaton, Military History, p. 55.
486 Ibid, p. 55; Krueler interviews.
487 Krueler interview.
488 Ibid.
489 Ibid.
490 Ibid.
491 See Strachan, pp. 13–18.
492 Ibid, pp. 19–60.
493 Krueler interviews.
494 Farwell, p. 295.
495 Ibid, p. 306 citing Reitz.
496 Ibid.
497 Krueler interviews
498 Ibid.
499 Ibid.
500 Farwell, p. 335.
501 Krueler interviews
502 Farwell, pp. 335–36.
503 Ibid. p. 347.
504 Ibid. p. 348.
505 Farwell, p 349; Krueler interviews.
506 Farwell, p. 349.
507 Krueler interviews.
508 Ibid.
509 Ibid
510 Krueler interviews.
511 Farwell, p. 349.
512 Heaton, Military History, p. 55.
513 Krueler interviews.
514 Ibid.
515 Ibid.
516 Ibid.
CHAPTER 9
517 Wayne H. Bowen, Spaniards and Nazi Germany: Collaboration in the New World Order (Columbia, London: University of Missouri Press, 2000), p.l.
518 Krueler interview.
519 Ibid.
520 Bowen, pp.22–25.
521 Ibid.
522 Galland and Neumann interviews. Trautloft thought the number a little high.
523 Bowen, p. 28.
524 Heaton, Military History (Feb. 2003), pp. 50–56.
525 Krueler interview 1984.
526 Bowen, p. 47. See also James S. Corum, “The Other Richthofen,” World War II, Leesburg, VA: Weider Publications, (August/September 2008) vol. 23, no. 3, ISSN 0898–4204, pp. 28–37.
527 Krueler interviews.
528 Ibid.
529 See Walter Laqueur, Guerilla Warfare: A Historical and Critical Study (New Brunswick, London: Transaction Publishers, 2006), p. 63.
530 Krueler interviews.
531 Ibid.
532 Rosario Sanchez (1919–2008) was a legend and suffered imprisonment and domestic banishment after the civil war under Franco. See her obituary in The Times (London, UK, May 22, 2008). Thanks to Jon Guttman for sending us the article.
533 Krueler interview.
534 Ibid.
535 Ibid.
536 Ibid.
537 Ibid.
538 Ibid.
539 Ibid.
540 Ibid.
541 Ibid.
542 Ibid.
543 Ibid.
544 Ibid.
545 Ibid.
546 Ibid.
547 Ibid.
548 Ibid.
549 Ibid.
550 Ibid.
551 Tom Wintringham, The Manchester Guardian (13th October 1938).
552 Krueler interviews.
553 Ibid.
CHAPTER 10
554 Ibid.
555 Ibid.
556 Ibid.
557 Ibid.
558 Ibid.
559 Ibid.
560 Ibid. This was true, author Colin Heaton, upon meeting Krueler for the first time did not know who he was, and thought perhaps he was looking for his father. It was not until the introductions were made that the author realized he was speaking to a ninety-nine-year-old man.
561 Ibid.
562 Ibid.
563 Ibid.
564 Ibid.
565 Ibid.
566 Ibid.
567 Ibid.
568 Ibid.
569 Ibid.
570 Ibid.
571 Ibid.
572 Ibid.
573 Mudimbe, p. 91.
574 Krueler interviews.
575 Ibid.
576 See Joseph T. Bayly, Congo Crisis (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1966), p. 56.
577 Interview with Curtis LeMay 1988.
578 Bayly. On Hoyt see pp. 61–63; on Carlson and his death see pp. 140–43. On Lumumba, pp. 40–57.
579 Krueler interviews.
CHAPTER 11
580 Ibid. See also Leroy Thompson, SAS: Great Britain’s Elite Special Air Service (Osceola, WI: MBI Publishing, 1994), p. 117.
581 Ibid.
582 Thompson, p. 117.
583 Krueler interviews.
584 See the Selous Scouts home page and website at http://selousscouts.tripod.com/home_page.htm. This website provides data, photographs and history of the unit.
585 Krueler interviews.
586 Ibid.
587 Ibid.
588 Ibid.
589 Ibid.
590 Ibid.
591 Krueler letter of April 1985. The author did not receive this letter until March 1986, which is a long story in itself.
592 Ibid.
593 Krueler interviews.
594 See Bard E. O’Neill, Insurgency & Terrorism: From Revolution to Apocalypse (Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, 2005), pp. 147, 149.
595 Piet Nortje, 32 Battalion: The Inside Story of South Africa’s Elite Fighting Unit(Cnpe Town: Zebra Press, 2007), p. xiii.
596 Nortje, p. 2.
597 Krueler interviews.
598 Ibid.
599 Ibid.
600 Ibid.
601 Ibid.
602 “The Despatches of Lieutenant-General Jan Christiaan Smuts, Commander-in-Chief, East African Force regarding actions of his troops to March 1916.” Published in The London Gazette, June 20 1916.