12 On the ‘“moral” tone in fiction,’ see Turner, Living by the Pen, 53. Collier’s title is drawn from David Simple, bk. 2, ch. 7: here Cynthia explains to David that the attitude of unscrupulous patrons towards their dependants is based on a studied ‘Art of tormenting’. See The Adventures of David Simple, ed. Linda Bree (London: Penguin, 2002), 103. Audrey Bilger discusses Collier’s title in her edition of The Art of Ingeniously Tormenting (Peterborough, Ont.: Broadview Press, 2003), 16.