Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder of the Republic (ullstein bild Dtl/Getty and Everett Historical/Shutterstock)
Atatürk’s funeral in Ankara, November 1938 (Hulton-Deutsch/Getty)
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Theresa May and Donald Trump in a meeting on counter-terrorism during the G20 Leaders’ Summit in Hamburg (Kayhan Ozer/Getty)
Fethullah Gülen (dpa picture alliance/Alamy Stock Photo)
Vladimir Putin listens as Erdoğan speaks at the Grand Kremlin Palace (Mikhail Svetlov)
Ahmet Davutoğlu, AKP adviser, foreign minister and prime minister, ousted in a party coup in May 2016 (Jasper Juinen/Getty)
Muharrem ˙Ince, presidential candidate of the Republican People’s Party (Oliver Weiken/Alamy)
Rebel fighters guarding a Sharia court in Aleppo, Syria, May 2013 (Hannah Lucinda Smith)
Kurdish woman in a neighbourhood of Cizre, south-eastern Turkey, destroyed in fighting, March 2016 (Yusuf Sayman)
Turkish soldiers hold back Syrian Kurds trying to cross the border into Kobanî during the Isis attack, September 2014 (Hannah Lucinda Smith)
Kurds watch Kobanî burn across the Turkey–Syria border, September 2014 (Hannah Lucinda Smith)
An explosion after an apparent US-led coalition airstrike hits Kobanî, Syria (Orlok/Shutterstock)
Cizre, with neighbourhoods destroyed in fighting between PKK and Turkish security forces, March 2016 (Yusuf Sayman)
Bostancı Street, Cizre, destroyed in the fighting, March 2016 (Yusuf Sayman)
Rebels with the Free Syrian Army announce the formation of their brigade, Idlib province, 2012 (Bradley Secker)
A protester in Istanbul walks through tear gas clouds (Orlok/Shutterstock)
A man recovers from the water cannons and tear gas used by Turkish police (Thomas Koch/Shutterstock)
Kurds wave a flag of Abdullah Öcalan as they wait for the announcement of a PKK ceasefire in Diyarbakır, March 2013 (Hannah Lucinda Smith)
Demonstrators in Istanbul use slings and improvised barricades against the riot police (cemT/Shutterstock)
Erdoğan supporters celebrate his victory in presidential elections, June 2018 (Bradley Secker)
Erdoğan supporters attack surrendering soldiers on Istanbul’s Bosphorus Bridge as the coup attempt of 15 July 2016 crumbles (Stringer/Getty Images), and flock onto the bridge, 16 July 2016 (deepspace/Shutterstock)
Erdoğan cries during the funeral of Erol Olçok (BULENT KILIC/AFP/Getty Images)
Erdoğan and former president Abdullah Gül carry Olçok’s coffin, 17 July 2016 (Kayhan Ozer/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images)
Opposition supporters join CHP leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu’s Justice March from Ankara to Istanbul, July 2017 (Tolga Sezgin/Shutterstock)
Kılıçdaroğlu walks from Ankara to Istanbul in protest at the arrest of a party deputy, July 2017 (GURCAN OZTURK/AFP/Getty Images)
Erdoğan attends the Mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk flanked by former Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım (ADEM ALTAN/AFP/Getty Images)
Post-coup ‘Unity Rally’ in Istanbul’s Yenikapı parade ground, August 2016 (quetions123/Shutterstock)
Erdoğan emerges from the voting booth after calling a snap parliamentary and presidential election, 24 June 2018 (Chris McGrath/Getty Images)
Pictures of Erdoğan and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk hang side by side in Istanbul (Alexandros Michailidis/Shutterstock)