Academy of Sciences
Pavlov’s laboratory at, 304, 468–470
Physiological Institute at,
political confrontations at 593–595 609–11
acute experiment (vivisection), 50, 100, 106, 149, 158
Adlerberg-Zotova, V. P., 681, 704
Afanas’ev, M. I.
collaboration with Pavlov, 52, 58, 64, 67
and Institute of Experimental Medicine, 115, 117
Akulov, I. A., 692, 694–695, 699, 704, 726
alcohol and alcoholism. See under Pavlov (and alcohol)
Alexander II (tsar), 270
and science and medicine, 22–23, 30, 61–62
Alexander III (tsar)
attitudes and policies, 126–128, 270
and Institute of Experimental Medicine, 115–116, 118
Pavlov on, 270
All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine (VIEM), 481, 505, 587, 590–591, 617–619
analyzer
experiments on sensitivity of, 294, 339
as sensory apparatus, 292, 305, 330–331, 522, 733
Anokhin, P. K., 782n12, 785n2, 799n2
as Pavlov’s collaborator and friend, 312, 376, 426, 514–515, 555
as editor of Conditioned Reflexes, 515–516, 525, 774n39
as translator of Conditioned Reflexes, 516–517
omission of Pavlov’s phrase “subjective life of man,” 518
anti-vivisectionism, 175, 195, 221, 358, 459, 690
appetite. See psyche, psychic secretion
Arrhenius, Svante, 426, 777n24
as Communist, 592, 612–613, 629, 679
Pavlov’s affection for, 612
Avgust, 287, 523–524, 543, 626
behavior after 1924 flood, 504
as melancholic coward, 504–505, 507–508
traumatic neurosis of, 507–508
Babkin, B. P
as assistant and coworker, 227, 303, 309, 527
as family friend and confidante, 445–446, 554, 568, 584, 588–589
on Pavlov as lab manager, 162, 165, 169–170, 320
on Pavlov as lecturer, 144–145
on Pavlov as personality, 129
on Pavlov’s monographs, 517
on Pavlov’s politics, 270, 273, 275–276
research on CRs, 247, 249–250, 288, 338, 527
Barkhatova, A. I., 681
Barger, George, 704
Bateson, William, 460
Bauman, K. Ia., 726
and Pavlov, 426
on Pavlov’s legacy to physiology, 729
and secretin, 229, 233–234, 245, 258–259, 262
behaviorism and behaviorists. See under Psychology, Pavlov
Bekhterev, V. M., 240, 242, 244, 246, 319–322, 369, 443–444, 489, 524m 779n2
alcohol, polemics about, 331–336
associational reflexes, concept of, 323–324
associative centers, polemics about, 325–331
career, 246, 319–320, 433, 444, 779n2
bell
as mistranslation of zvonok (buzzer), 315, 766 767n38
in Pavlov’s iconic image, 491–492
Pavlov’s non-use of,1, 287
Benedict, Francis, 316, 373, 426, 435–437
Berggol’ts, R. A., 218, 391, 399, 425, 445
Bernard, Claude
comparisons of Pavlov with, 223, 768n35
Pavlov’s admiration of, 36
and Pavlov’s style as physiologist, 147, 169, 204, 295–296
popularity among Russian intellectuals, 22, 33, 36, 43, 69
and psychic secretion, 288
and Tsion’s view of physiology, 47, 49–53
Bezbokaia, M. Ia., 347–353, 543
Bicknell, Ernest, 437
biochemistry of digestion, 229–231, 258
Birman, B. N., 640, 644, 782n12
Bleuler, Eugen, 630, 634, 647, 804n3
Bogen, Heinrich, 340
Bogoiavlenskii, N. P., 70, 103
Boldyrev, V. N., 167–168, 338–339, 457, 514, 527
Bolsheviks. See Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Bonch-Bruevich, V. D., 397, 420–421, 423, 426, 430–431
Borodin, A. P., 304
Botkin, S. P., 69–70, 96, 98, 103–104, 106
Pavlov as lab manager for, 69–70, 88, 90–91, 94–95, 112
as Pavlov’s patron, 70, 97–98, 104, 113
Bukharin, N. I.
as Communist leader, 397, 443–444, 559, 579–80, 726
election to Academy of Sciences, 559, 561, 571
Izvestiia on Pavlov, under 673–677, 681
obituary of Pavlov, 725
on Pavlov at Politburo, 571–572
polemics with Pavlov, 1923–1924, 474–478
relationship with Pavlov, 1928–1936, 580–583, 585, 589, 595, 680, 695
Bystrov, Nikolai
as Pavlov’s friend, 26, 30, 42, 46, 136
Cambridge University, 317, 555
Cannon, Cornelia, 568, 623, 697, 702, 705
Cannon, Walter,
as Pavlov’s friend, 316, 426, 435, 463, 705, 777n24
at Physiological Congress in Russia, 697, 699, 703, 705
opposition to Pavlov‘s emigration, 436–437
and Pavlov’s trips to America, 452–455, 565–566, 568
and Pavlov’s 1927 monograph, 510–511, 514
and Twenty Years of Experience, 516, 789n19
Chakhotin, S. S., 304
Charcot, Jean-Martin, 319, 402
Chel’tsov, Ivan,
as Pavlov’s friend, 26, 30, 42, 46, 136
Chernyshevskii, N. G., 30–31, 33, 354, 575, 716
chimpanzees. See primates
Chir’ev, S. I., 63–64, 66, 222
Chistovich, Ia. A., 56
Chizhevskii, A. L., 320, 547–548, 721
chronic experiment, 149–151. See also physiological surgery
Cohnheim, Otto, 226
Commission to Improve the Life of Scholars (KUBU), 422–423, 427, 433–434
Communist Academy of Sciences, 491, 558
other Pavlov associates and, 587, 602, 604, 606, 785n2
Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)
contradictory policies of, 1934–1936, 670–674, 680–1
during civil war, 386–388, 397
Great Break of, 556, 576–577, 579
New Economic Policy of, 443–444
policy toward Pavlov of,
during civil war, 429–430, 433–435, 444
during 1920s, 475, 477–478, 490–491
during 1930s, 565–566, 571–572, 590–591, 674–675, 712–713
policy toward science and scientists, 388, 392–393, 421–423, 431–432, 558–562, 589,
See also Lenin, Stalin, and names of individuals and institutions
conditional inhibitor, 733–734
conditional stimulus, 290, 734
conditional reflex, 734
and association in psychology
identity for Pavlov, 1904–1935, 250–251, 289–291, 409, 412
non-identity for Pavlov, 1935–1936, 650, 652, 660, 662–670
for Sechenov, 34
artificial versus natural, 338–339, 512
definition of, 247–250, 290, 734
differentiation of, 293–294, 339, 361, 410, 734
difficulties systematizing data on, 496, 513–514, 522, 548–549, 651–652.
extinction of, 292
inhibition of. (See under higher nervous activity)
and higher nervous activity. See higher nervous activity
law of strength of, 291–292, 625, 652, 735, 803n28 (See also paradoxical
phase, ultra-paradoxical phase)
law of summation of, 292, 735, 807n4
as methodology, 1–2, 250–251, 288–297, 300–302, 518
mutual induction of (See under higher nervous activity)
Pavlov’s decision to study, 237–247
and psychic secretion, 250–251, 288, 291, 339
second- and third-order, 512–513, 652–653, 669, 807n5
systematicity of. (See under higher nervous activity)
See also higher nervous activity, reflex, titles of individual works, and names of individual coworkers
conditioned reflex, as mistranslation of uslovnyi (conditional) reflex, 1, 315–316, 516–517
character versus temperament, 536, 623, 651. See also nervous types.
constitution. See nervous types
Constitutional Democratic Party (Kadets)
politics of, 274–276, 379–380, 386
and Pavlov’s circle, 272, 276, 367, 380
cowardice, physiology of. See nervous types
coworkers, 119–120, 311, 337–339, 369, 591–592
Communist, 482, 571, 596–613, 798–799n2
See also names of individuals and individual laboratories
curves, characteristic secretory, 180–184, 190–193, 199–205
Cushing, Harvey, 455, 515, 567–568
Dacha. See Sillamiagi, Kellomäki
Damaskin, N. I., 152
Danilevskii, A. Ia., 221
Danilevskii, V. Ia., 118, 235, 332
Darwin, Charles,
on animal consciousness, 29
as balanced English type, 415
on fear and salivation, 288
as figure in Pavlov’s youth, 22, 32, 43
on inheritance of acquired characteristics, 373, 450
as thinker type, 645
Davidenkov, S. N., 590, 615, 628, 640, 646, 675
Davis, Jerome, 462
Deborin, A. M., 559, 561–562, 712
Delianov, I. D., 44, 104–105, 108–109, 111
Denikin, A. I., 396
Denisov, P. K.,
as Communist activist, 609–613
primate research of, 601, 603, 611, 656–661, 681–682
Descartes, Réné, 287, 518, 620, 709
digestive system, physiology of, 105–107, 163–164
curves, characteristic secretory, 180–184, 190–193, 199–205
gastric glands, 177–184, 189–193
pancreatic gland
Pavlov’s research of 1870s and 1880s, 53, 64–66, 99, 105–107
Pavlov’s research of 1890s-1903, 191–193, 258
personality of dog, influence of, 170–172, 176
psychic secretion, 172, 177, 184–185, 189–190, 192–193, 197–198
purposefulness, 199–200, 237, 264
See also Lectures on the Work of the Main Digestive Glands
Dobrovol’skaia, V. V., 135–136
Dobrovol’skii, V. I., 70, 107, 111, 135, 141, 276
Dogel’, A. S., 109, 211, 218, 273, 357, 400, 445
Dogel’, V. A., 218, 282–283, 285
care of, 148, 400–401, 618, 702
fistula, with, 154
isolated sac, with, 156–158, 177–180, 185
as organism and technology, 153–154, 158–159, 170–172
See also experimental neurosis, physiological surgery and name of individual dog
Dolin, A. O., 602, 605, 664–665, 669, 722, 725
Dolinskaia, Anna, 610–613, 680
Dolinskii, I. L., 188, 233, 756n6
Dostoevsky, F. M., 29, 77–81, 85–87, 97–98, 247, 584
Druzhok, 176
experiments with, 178–181, 184–185, 189–190
personality of, 184
See also curves, Khizhin
Dubovskoi, N. N.,
as Pavlov’s closest friend, 136, 138, 218–220
dynamic stereotype. See under higher nervous activity
Dzerzhgovskii, S. K., 381
Eckstein, Gustav, 638–639, 805n19
Edkins, J. S., 234
electrical shock as stimulus, 340–347, 414, 479, 500–501, 524
El’iasson, M. I., 325
Enchmen, E. S., 429
Engels, Friedrich, 431, 489, 809n24
Erofeeva, M. N.,
relations with Petrova, 360, 362
as star coworker, 340
esophagotomy. See under physiological surgery
excitation. See under higher nervous activity
experimental neurosis (experimental pathology and therapeutics of higher nervous
experiments of 1923 on, 501–503
Pavlov’s speeches on, 506, 634, 646
Petrova as cofounder of, 498, 586
See also Petrova, psychiatry
Famintsyn, A. S., 210, 276, 304
Fedorov, L. N.,
career, 482–484, 578, 586, 727
as Communist Party’s Pavlov expert, 614, 616, 571, 675
murky political record of, 612, 619, 801
as Pavlov’s political resource, 544–545, 551, 556
at Physiological Congress, 695, 697
relations with Pavlov family, 556, 585–587
relations with Petrova, 505, 571, 586–587
Fedorov, S. P., 550
Filipchenko, Iu. A., 461
Finkel’shtein, A. A., 228
Finsen, Niels, 256–257, 259–260
Fischer, H. E., 227
fistulas. See under physiological surgery
Flexner, Simon, 426, 436–437, 455
Florinskii, V. M., 104, 108–109, 111
Fol’bort, G. V., 378–379, 471–472, 479, 566, 681, 695
food rations (paiki), 390–391, 433–434
“On the Foundations of the Culture of Animals and Man” (Pavlov), 412–416
Free Association for the Development and Diffusion of the Positive Sciences, 382–383
Franklin, K. J., 566
Freud, Sigmund, 498–501, 553, 630, 646
Frolov, Iu. P., 675
on Pavlov’s persona, 145, 271, 350–351, 369, 395
Fulton, John, 567–568, 592, 697–702
Fursikov, D. S.
career, 485
and Mechanics of the Brain, 492
relationship with Pavlov, 485–486
research on mutual induction, 485–488
Galperin, S. I., 605, 608, 613, 788n34, 789n12, 801n41
and inheritance of conditional reflexes, 461, 463, 617
as lab’s technical virtuoso, 152–153, 307–309, 467–468
Gannushchenko, V. A., 715
Gantt, W. Horsley,
on Pavlov, 435, 526, 560, 565, 673
as Pavlov’s coworker and associate, 453, 566, 568, 570
as Pavlov’s translator and publisher, 316, 516–517, 715, 799n19, 825
and Koltushi, 544
paradoxical results with, 536–537
and Pavlov’s self-analysis, 539–540
gastric glands. See under digestive system
gastric juice factory
operation of, 228, 304, 465, 549, 590
profits of, 174
psychic secretion and, 229
Geiman, N. M., 321
genetics, 450–451, 711–712. See also inheritance of acquired
characteristics, Kol’tsov, Mendel
Gerver, A. V., 320, 322, 325, 332, 334–335
Gestalt psychology,
basic approach of, 657
Communist coworkers and, 601–602, 605
criticisms of, Pavlov’s, 68–660, 66, 664, 666
incorporation of, Pavlov’s, 651, 655, 659, 669
See also under higher nervous activity (systematicity)
Glebov, N. F., 26–30, 32–33, 154
Gopalaswami, M. V., 462
Gorbunov, N. P., 428–429, 777n34
Gorky, Maxim, 302–303, 484, 587, 673
as emissary to intelligentsia, 422–423, 427
as emissary to Pavlov, 429, 432, 302–303, 432–433, 778n44
Gorshkov, Ia. P., 322, 327, 329–330
Gorshkov, M. A., 685
Gross, Walther, 226
Gubergritz, M. M., 298, 369–372, 413, 479
Gurdjieff, G. I., 459
as Pavlov’s model, 99–102, 147–148
research of, 52, 154, 158, 196, 290,
higher nervous activity, physiology of
analysis, as cortical process in, 521, 600, 733, 655
basic elements of, 511
as chains of reflexes, 34, 512–513, 652, 663
concentration, 294
conditional reflex and study of, 250, 287–288, 292
dynamic stereotype, 650–651, 654–655
excitation, 301, 347–349, 413, 511
inhibition, 293, 295, 314–315, 735
external, 293, 306, 340, 349, 735
as foundation of culture, 413–414
of inhibition (disinhibition), 343
as tendency in nervous processes, 522
transmarginal, 631–632, 639, 645, 648, 735
irradiation, 294, 349, 360–361
lability, 538, 625–626, 628–629, 735
as mosaic in cortex, 522, 652–653, 663
mutual induction, 485–488, 511, 513, 521–522
Pavlov’s general model of, 306, 548–549
synthesis, as cortical process in, 521, 600–601, 655
systematicity, 600–602, 650–655, 661, 666–667, 737
See also Gestalt and See under Pavlov (as metaphorical thinker)
Hill, A. V., 317
Hippocratism, 206, 508, See also Nervous Types
hypnotic states
and inhibition and sleep, 306, 402–403, 506, 512, 522–523, 540
and mental illness
for Pavlov, 403–404, 532, 631–632, 634, 636–637, 645–646
for European experts, 402, 631, 804n4
therapy for, 647
and transmarginal inhibition, 532, 631–632, 645, 648
See also psychiatry
inheritance of acquired characteristics
Ganike’s experiments on, 461, 463, 617
other scientists on, 450–451, 460–462
Pavlov on, 372, 450–452, 456, 459–463, 543–544
inhibition. See under higher nervous activity
Institute of Experimental Genetics of Higher Nervous Activity. See Koltushi
Institute of Experimental Medicine (IEM), 465, 468, 692
flooding of, 503
Pavlov’s appointment at, 117–118
Pavlov’s laboratory at, 147–149, 151–153, 304–305
unique institutional qualities of, 118–120
See also coworkers, Koltushi, Towers of Silence, and See under Pavlov
(laboratory management, scientific style)
The Intellect of Anthropoid Apes (Pavlov), 660–664
International Physiological Congress of 1935
Cannon at, 697, 699–700, 702, 705
participants’ experiences at, 697–698, 700–702, 704
Pavlov and, 671, 682–683, 697, 702–704
political remarks at, 698–699, 702–703, 705
political import of, 693, 705–706
preparations for, 692, 694–697
Ishikawa, Hidetsurumaru, 304–305
isolated stomach (Pavlov sac), 177–178. See also Druzhok, Heidenhain,
physiological surgery
Ivanov-Smolenskii, A. G., 488, 536, 600, 667, 728
as Pavlov’s expert psychiatrist, 640–644, 647
Janet, Pierre,
as artistic type, 645
Pavlov’s letter to, 640
Pavlov’s intellectual use of, 624, 630–631, 645, 804n3, 806n30
on sleep therapy, 647
Johansson, J. E.,
as Pavlov’s friend, 428, 426, 428–430, 437
and Pavlov’s Nobel Prize, 253–263
John,
Kadets. See Constitutional Democratic Party
Kaganovich, L. M., 675, 796n11
Kalischer, Otto, 324, 767–768n16
Kamenskii, D. A.,
as Pavlov’s colleague, 113, 117, 235
as Pavlov’s friend, 77–78, 81, 134–135, 137, 399–400
Kaminskii, G. N., 585–586, 672, 678–679, 726
eulogy to Pavlov, 725
at Pavlov’s sickbed,1935, 686–687,
and Physiological Congress, 692, 697–699, 703–705
Karchevskaia, Evgeniia Vasil’evna (Sikorskaia), 73, 77, 82, 92–93, 583
Karchevskaia, Raisa Vasil’evna, 77, 81–82, 91–92, 583
Karchevskaia, Serafima Andreevna (Serafima Pavlova’s mother), 72–73,
Karchevskaia, Serafima Vasil’evna (wife). See Pavlova, Serafima Vasil’evna,
Karchevskaia, Taisiia Vasil’evna, 92, 211
Karchevskii, Sergei Vasil’evich, 72, 82, 94, 104, 384, 399
Karchevskii, Vasilii, 72
Karpinskii, A. P., 380, 392, 423, 611, 699
Kasherininova, N. A., 338–339, 512
Katkov, M. N., 48
Kellomäki, 445–446, 541, 585, 779n5, 7
Kendrick, John, 462
Kerensky, A. F., 384, 386–387, 551
and curve construction, 180–184, 190, 201–202, 204
experiments on gastric glands, 178–180, 184–185
and isolated stomach, 178–180, 184–185
metaphor, use of, 185–186, 189
King, H. H., 461
Kirov, S. M., 557, 591, 606, 608, 673–674
Kleshchev, S. V., 664
Koch, Robert, 3, 115–117, 260, 263
Köhler, Wolfgang, 600–601, 604, 655–662, 668, 723, 809n35
See also Gestalt psychology
Koltushi (Institute of Experimental Genetics of Higher Nervous Activity), 614
construction and structure, 616–619, 708
as dacha, 557, 614, 620–622, 687, 709
Pavlov’s love of, 571, 614, 620, 687, 709
and Physiological Congress, 619–620, 691, 694, 696,
research at,
on eugenics, 544, 615–616, 626–629, 804n36
on inheritance of acquired reflexes, 617
on nature/nurture, 536, 543–544, 601, 623–624, 722
on primates, 545, 572, 656–659, 661, 675, 723
on the social exciter, 543, 614
village church at, 594, 622–623
workforce at, 591
Kol’tsov, M. E., 713
Kol’tsov, N. K., 451
and eugenics 615
and inheritance of acquired characteristics, 450–452, 456, 458, 460–461
and genetics at Koltushi, 628, 638, 726, 804n36
Konenkov, S. T., 568
Konorski, Jerzy, 570, 653, 663, 668
Konradi, G. P., 270–271, 273, 473, 500, 547
Kraepelin, Emil, 624
Krasnogorskii, N. I., 550–551, 685
independent research on humans, 492, 667
saved by Pavlov from gulag, 681
Kravkov, N. P., 328, 332, 351–354, 362, 373
Kreps, E. M., 473, 497, 511, 727, 773n2
Kretschmer, Ernst, 624, 630, 636, 642, 644–645, 649
Kristi, M. P., 422, 429, 432–433, 452, 471
Kryshova, N. A., 628
Kudrevetskii, V. V., 117
Kupalov, P. S., 505, 541–542, 545–546, 590, 696, 723, 795n1
Kuprin, A. V., 372
laboratories. See names of individual institutions and See under Pavlov
(lab management)
laboratory dogs. See dogs
Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste de, and Lamarckism, 450–451, 460, 755n27, 798n35
Lectures on the Work of the Large Hemispheres of the Brain (Pavlov)
analysis of higher nervous activity in, 518–525
difficulty composing, 510–514, 517–518
downbeat conclusion of, 527–528
misleading English translation of, 516, 518, 521, 525
organization of, 518
Lectures on the Work of the Main Digestive Glands (Pavlov) See also conditional reflex, higher nervous activity
on relationship of lab to clinic, 205–207
reception of, 221–226, 229–236 (See also Nobel Prize)
Ledentsov Society (Kh. S. Ledentsov Society), 305–308
Lenin, V. I.
and Bolshevik coup, 383–384, 387
policy toward Pavlov of, 420–423, 428–432, 434–436, 438–439, 571
Leningrad. See St. Petersburg
Lewes, George Henry, 28–29, 33–37, 43–47
Levin, M. L., 462
Liddell, H. S., 570
Lindberg, A. A., 591–592, 652, 723, 798n39
Lister, Joseph, 63
Lobasov, I. O., 176, 180, 185, 189–192
Loeb, Jacques, 240–241, 256, 514, 518–519
Ludwig, Carl,
as negative model for Pavlov, 100–102, 147
as positive model for Pavlov, 99–100, 102, 125, 147–148
and Russian physiology, 43, 47, 66, 69, 319
Luk’ianov, S. M., 70, 252, 775n43
Lunacharskii, A. V., 387–388, 420–421, 430, 435, 438, 469–470
MacDowell, E. C., 460
Magendie, François, 288
Maiorov, F. P., 571, 620, 627, 649, 669, 728
career, 543, 597–598, 680, 727
experiments at Koltushi experiments of, 544, 623–624
on Pavlov and Marxism, 598–601, 799n4
Maiskii, I. M., 688–692, 709, 727
Maksimov, A. A., 283, 314, 456
Mampus, 536–537, 623, 636, 639, 722
Manassein, V. A., 70–71, 104, 106, 109, 112, 114
Maria Fedorovna, Dowager Empress, 269, 284
Marx and marxism, 379
Pavlov on, 428, 431, 476–477, 560, 720–722
and Pavlovian research, 429, 483, 477, 483, 573, 580, 597–601
and science, 451, 489, 491, 558–559, 608, 615
Massen, V. N., 152
Mechanics of the Brain (film), 485, 492
Mechnikov, I. I., 48, 53, 114–115, 118
Medical-Surgical Academy. See Military-Medical Academy
Mendel, Gregor, 450–451, 620, 628, 709, 711, 728
Mendel, Lafayette, 224
Mendeleev, D. I.,
on factories, 127, 188–189, 197
and Ivan Pavlov, 43, 46, 78, 393
Metal’nikov, S. I., 453, 555–556
Metaphor, 5–7. See also under Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich
Michurin, I. V., 675
Mikhailovskii, N. K., 56, 73, 216
Military-Medical Academy
history of, 61–62, 120, 275, 378, 472–473
Pavlov’s faculty positions at,
in pharmacology, 111–113, 140, 209
Pavlov’s resignation from, 480–481
Miliukov, P. N., 272, 274, 276, 367
Milord, 494, 498, 501–502, 524, 529
“On the Mind in General” (Pavlov), 405–408
Mishtovt, G. V., 512
Molotov, V. M., 587, 672, 678, 729
correspondence with Pavlov, 681–685, 709, 716–717
Pavlov’s rescue of arrestees, through, 681, 685
and Physiological Congress, 671, 700, 704–705
and policy toward Pavlov, 675, 713
Morgan, Thomas Hunt, 450, 456, 460–461
Morgulis, Sergius, 315–316, 516–517
mutual induction. See Fursikov and See under higher nervous activity
Nencki, M. V., 119, 221, 223, 252, 338
nervous types, 495–498, 529–538
cowardly dogs, 504–508, 532–537
Hippocratic typology, 508–509, 529–530, 537–538, 625–626
inborn vs. acquired, 534, 544, 615, 623–624
Pavlov’s self-diagnosis as choleric, 538–540
See also experimental neurosis, psychiatry, “Russian Mind,” “Foundations of
Culture”
Nesterov, M. V., 621–622, 706, 708–711
Nicholas I (tsar), xvii, 23
Nicholas II (tsar), 128–129, 269–270, 273–276, 367, 379
Pavlov on, 270
Nikitin, M. P., 723
Nikitin, N. N.,
career, 605–606, 608–609, 697, 727
experiments on Serko, 607–608, 625, 682, 686
relationship with Pavlov, 571, 606–608
Nizhegorodtsev, M. N., 332
Nobel, Alfred, 148
Nobel, Emmanuel, 264
Nobel, Ludwig, 39
Nobel Prize
money from, use of, 278
nominations of Pavlov, 1901–1903, 252–260
Pavlov’s award of in 1904, 260–263, 269, 278, 303–304
political meanings of, 393, 428, 434, 436, 444
normalcy, as experimental goal,
during 1890s, 149–150, 158, 170–171, 178, 194–195
Octobrists, 3, 275–276, 358, 379
Ol’denburg, S. F., 273, 280, 419, 422, 558, 560–561
Ol’denburgskaia, E. M. (princess), 113
Ol’denburgskii, A. P. (prince), 113–114, 271, 321, 331
and Institute of Experimental Medicine, 114–120, 380–381
and Pavlov, 113, 118, 369, 274, 307, 376, 547
Omelianskii, V. L., 381
Orbeli, L. A., 472, 566, 694, 725–726, 785n33
doctoral research of, 316, 329
as Pavlov’s assistant and coworker, 309–310, 312, 325, 401, 471
Orlov, F. A., 24, 26–27, 32, 707
Oscar II (king of Sweden), 252, 264
Ostankov, P. A., 631–632, 636, 806n28
Ostrogorskii, S. A., 237
Ostwald, Wilhelm, 223–224, 540
Ovsiannikov, F. V.,
relationship to Pavlov, 52, 66–68, 108–109, 222
and Tsion’s expulsion, 58, 63, 67
paiki. See food rations
paradoxical phase, 532, 632, 634, 636, 640, 736. See also experimental neurosis,
psychiatry
Pasteur, Louis, 114–115, 450, 452–453, 508
pathological inertia, 633–634, 636–637, 736. See also experimental neurosis,
psychiatry
clashes with Pavlov of, 140–141
and Pavlov’s faculty appointments, 104–105, 109–109, 111–113, 142
and Pavlov’s Nobel Prize, 252–253
Pavlov, A. F. (cousin), 133–134, 213, 325
on Pavlov’s attitudes, 218, 280, 400, 707–708
Pavlov, Dmitrii Arkhipovich (grandfather), 11
Pavlov, Dmitrii Petrovich (brother), 17–18, 41, 68, 132, 750n13
as Pavlov’s intimate, 46, 62, 77–78, 81, 84, 93
Pavlov, E. V., 373
Pavlov, Ivan Dmitrievich (uncle), 11–12, 17, 401, 539, 630, 711
Pavlov, Ivan Dmitrievich (younger uncle), 11–12, 17, 401, 539, 630
and alcohol and alcoholism, 133
among family and his circle, 12, 20, 133–134
polemics with Bekhterev about, 333–336
anthropomorphism of, 472, 520, 532
in conditional reflexes research, 6, 290, 297–300, 531, 625, 633
and anti-vivisectionists, 175, 195, 221, 358, 459, 690
as art lover and collector, 89–90, 138–139, 446–449,
on assassination of Tsar Alexander II, 90, 128
and behaviorism
mythology of Pavlov as adherent of, 2, 316, 458, 518, 569–570, 573, 729–730
relationship to, 2, 289, 295–297, 450, 514, 518–519, 667–668
Bekhterev, polemics with. See Bekhterev
birthday celebrations, public
communism and Christianity, on, 717–722
courtship of Serafima Karchevskaia, 73–79, 81–83
daily routine, 7, 86, 129–130, 212, 136–137, 369, 622
doctoral thesis, 88, 90, 94–97, 105
domestic life
in Soviet times, 394–395, 397–398, 553, 583–589, 620–621, 678
in tsarist times, 97, 104, 126, 131–135, 278–279, 375
See also names of family members and friends
doubts about research on conditional reflexes, 513–514, 527–528, 627, 719
education
at Riazan Theological Seminary, 23–29
at Military-Medical Academy, 61–64, 70–71, 90–91,
at St. Petersburg University, 42–44, 47–52, 58,
emigration, consideration of, 417–439, 565–566
eugenics, on
advocacy of voluntary, 544, 711–712
project at Koltushi, 615–616, 619,
evolutionist, as, 82, 189, 295, 450
exercise, games, and hobbies, lover of
durachki (Little Fools), 130, 137, 550–551, 685, 723
gardening, 17, 212–214, 395, 617, 621–622
gorodki, 16, 214–215, 542–543, 573, 621
gymnastics, 137
foreign colleagues, close relations with, 225–227, 316–317, 42, 428–429, 434–437, 450 (See also names of individuals)
foreign travel
after 1917, 438–439, 450–459, 553–555, 565–568, 688–691
before 1917, 65–66, 98, 317–318
“On the Foundations of the Culture of Animals and Man,” 412–416
free will, belief in, 526–527, 790n50
Freud and psychoanalysis, view of, 498–500, 646
friends, 30, 45–47, 135–136, 210–211, 218
genetics, on, 450–451, 628–629. (See also inheritance of acquired
characteristics, Kol’tsov, Mendel
iconic image, xviii, 1–2, 287, 458, 468, 524, 555, 566–571, 725–726, 728, 729–730
illnesses of, 393, 550–552, 685–687
inheritance of acquired characteristics, on, 372, 450–452,, 456, 459–463, 543–544
Jews, attitude toward, 151, 273–274, 277, 560–561
keywords of,
dostoinstvo (moral dignity), 5, 26, 329, 333, 475, 480, 574–576, 694
pravil’nost’ (lawfulness, order), 6-7, 187, 189, 200, 212, 249, 522
sluchainost’ (accidents, chance), 6-7, 77, 87, 121, 718–719
tselesoobraznost’ (purposefulness), 5, 33, 189, 199–200, 371–372, 413–414, 429, 718
laboratory management, style of
in Botkin lab, 69–70, 88, 90–91
in 1891–1921, 147–149, 160–170, 172–175, 309–312, 369–371
materialism, on, 51, 482, 687–698
mechanist, as, 31, 36, 77–78, 100, 102, 293–294, 297, 640
memory, exceptional of, 17, 47, 137, 166–167, 169, 467
as metaphorical thinker, 5–7, 290, 669–670
in digestive physiology, 185–190, 197, 201
in conditional reflex research
on attraction and collision of nervous impulses, 293
on the cortex as mosaic and switchboard, 522, 652–653
on excitation and inhibition, 76, 486–487, 522
on generalization of nervous responses, 410
on relationship of physiological and psychological processes, 529–530
(see also under Pavlov: anthropomorphism, “Foundations of Culture,” “Mind
in General,” “Russian Mind”)
on national types, 271, 277, 368, 415
on Russians, 271, 372, 406, 408–416
nervism of, 95–96, 186, 245, 259, 635
Nobel Prize, award to. See Nobel Prize
parents. See Pavlov, Petr Dmitrievich and Pavlova, Varvara Ivanovna
physical appearance of, 17, 143, 320, 547, 621
political activities and sentiments
during 1870s-1917, 270–273, 275–277, 378–383, 412
during 1918–1921, 388–389, 393, 396, 411, 416–419, 424–428, 431
during 1920s, 474–479, 558–562, 565, 575, 578, 595–593
during 1930s, 671–673, 678–685, 691–694, 698–699, 702–703, 705, 714–715
See also Bukharin, Molotov, names of Pavlov’s institutions; and
See under coworkers: Communist)
press coverage of, 532
Soviet 532, 553, 572–573, 618–619, 675–679, 688–689
western, 458, 555, 568–570, 573, 689–690
religion, relationship to
as atheist, 37, 83, 280–281, 622
in his final essay on, 717–722
personal and cultural role, appreciation of, 280–281,
false rumor that he was a believer, 479
support for believers and church against repression, 480–481, 579, 594, 622–623
scientific style of, 64–65, 67, 94–96, 99–102, 147, 149–151, 176–177, 407–408,
scientism of 382, 431, 671–672, 476, 702,
self-analysis through conditional reflexes, 6, 515, 539–540, 648–649
servants, 133–134, 211–212, 554
summer home (dacha). See Kelomäki, Sillamiagi
surveillance of, 568, 576, 585–586, 588, 672, 674–675, 677–678, 698, 810n3
subjective experiences, on
importance of, 2, 85, 265, 288, 298–299
as part of scientific psychology, 519, 600
relationship to physiological processes, 295–300, 624–625, 640
as teacher, 107–108, 142–146, 472
temper, 86, 311–312, 375, 431, 466–467
Tomsk University, candidacy for positions at 104–105, 108–109, 111
Pavlov, Petr Dmitrievich (father), 12, 25, 41–44, 89
relations with Ivan, 17, 19, 37, 91–92, 136
Pavlov, Petr Petrovich (brother), 17, 23, 26, 41, 46, 62, 68
Pavlov, Sergei Petrovich (brother), 17, 68, 89, 136, 398–399, 706
Pavlov, Viktor Ivanovich (son), 131, 376, 445, 583
as Pavlov’s favorite, 654–655, 774n39, 808n11
as young scientist, 281, 283–284
Pavlov, Vladimir Ivanovich (son), 285, 556, 700–701, 705, 727
as art collector, 446–448, 780n13
as boy, 99, 103–104, 134–135, 138–139
domestic life, 281–283, 445–446, 583, 585, 620
during civil war, 394, 398–399, 431–432
during world war, 367, 389, 772n5
relations with Bolsheviks, 566, 585–587, 678, 688–689, 691, 797n25
relations with Petrova, 375, 484, 553, 723
at Sillamiagi, 211, 215–216, 285
in United States with father, 435, 455–457, 459, 566, 568–569
Pavlov, Vsevolod Ivanovich (son),
during civil war, 389–390, 396, 399, 420
during world war, 367
as father’s assistant
in saving arrestees, 679, 681, 802n28
in scientific affairs, 556–557, 585, 677, 702
relations with Communists, 556–557, 585–588, 592, 674–675, 678
relations with Petrova, 587, 686, 678, 797n23
Pavlov, E.V., 373
Pavlova, Anna (sister-in-law), 706
Pavlova, Lidiia Petrovna (sister), 17, 136, 398, 705–706
Pavlova, Liudmila Vladimirovna (Balmasova) (grand-daughter), xviii, 446, 553,
Pavlova, Maria Vladimirovna (Sokolova) (grand-daughter), xviii, 446, 553, 584,
Pavlova, Serafima Vasil’evna (Karchevskaia) (wife), 727
courtship of, 74–76, 81–87, 91–92
deaths of children, 103–105, 308, 702
descriptions of, 131, 211, 622
domestic life of,
at Sillamiagi, 208, 210, 212–213, 216–217
during 1880s, 93–95, 97–98, 110
during 1890–1917, 117, 125–126, 130–135, 278–279
during 1918–1921, 394–395, 398–400, 434
during 1920s, 445–446, 545, 573
during 1930s, 578–579, 582–584, 588–589, 620, 685
servants of, 133–134, 212, 554
and Dostoevsky, 78–81, 97–98, 584, 744n6
friends of, 74, 135–136, 211, 398–400
memoirs of, 355, 554, 712, 727
as Pavlov’s nurse, 110–376, 550–551, 686, 723–724
political attitudes, 72–74, 131, 585, 815 816n35
relations with Pavlovs, 89, 92, 136
and Petrova, 375, 377, 552–553, 556, 587, 686–687
religiosity of, 73–74, 97–98, 279–281, 317–318, 584
trips abroad of, 99, 264–265, 317–318, 553–554
Pavlova, Varvara Ivanovna (mother), 37, 46, 81, 91–92, 136
Pavlova, Vera Ivanova (daughter),
adult life of, 281, 446, 583–584, 710–712, 727
and her father, 379, 584, 686, 710, 797n23
research of, 281, 304, 446, 584–585, 537, 764n11
as youth, 131, 134–135, 211, 213, 219
Pavlovian Clinical Wednesdays, 631–632, 641–642. See also under psychiatry
Pavlovian Wednesdays, 466, 576, 631
people of the 1860s (shestidesiatniki)
influence on Pavlov of, 27, 76–77, 91, 408
See also names of individuals
peredvizhniki. See Travelers
personality. See nervous type, psyche
Peter the Great, 11, 209, 216, 541
and St. Petersburg, 41, 279, 777n2
Petrograd. See St. Petersburg
Petrov, G. S., 276, 355–359, 363, 374, 399
Petrova, M. K. (Dobrovol’skaia)
as ally of Fedorov and Speranskii, 484, 556, 586–587
career, 357–358, 373, 379, 586, 590–591, 727–728
as conduit of Communist influence, 672, 698, 713, 813n10
domestic life of, 355–359, 363, 399
education of, 357
Pavlov family’s relations with, 37, 553, 585, 587, 673
as Pavlov’s collaborator, 467, 529–531, 586, 631, 633–634, 640, 722
and Pavlov’s illnesses, 550–552, 685–686, 723
as Pavlov’s lover, 354, 359–363, 374–376, 432, 553, 894
political vulnerability of, 583, 591, 681–682
See also experimental neurosis, higher nervous activity, psychiatry
physiological surgery
fistulas, 106, 154, 163, 230–231
physiology
international congresses of, 566–568, 693–705
and medicine, 22, 55, 62, 69, 205–207
political significance of,
for New York Times, 573
for people of the sixties, 22
for Pavlov, 33, 36, 476, 672, 702, 722
for Tsion, 48
in 1880s-1890s, 246
in Russia, 102–03, 222, 558, 589, 696–697
styles of
biochemical, 231
See also conditional reflex, digestion, higher nervous activity, and names
of individuals and institutions
Pisarev, D. I.,
Pavlov and, 30–33, 36–37, 47, 188, 216
Communists on Pavlov-Pisarev commonality, 572, 598, 677
and St. Petersburg, 39–42, 43, 711
Serafima and, 73
Tsion and, 73
Plekhanov, G. V., 383
Pletnev, D. D., 685–686, 723, 727
Podkopaev, N. A.,
as assistant, 469–470, 546, 590, 675
and Communists, 482, 591–593, 610
research of, 605, 652, 667, 669
Popel’skii, L. B., 222, 229, 231–234, 260, 262, 729
Postrel,
and break toward excitation, 498, 502
experiments with, 287, 501–503, 530–531, 625
as strong, balanced type, 626
praktikanty. See coworkers
primates, 488–490, 603–605, 656–663. See also Denisov, Koltushi, Rafael and
Roza, Yerkes
Prianishnikov, D. N., 578
Prokopovich, E. M. (Kiechka), 74–75, 81, 89, 92, 135, 399–400
psyche
and digestion. See under digestive physiology
Pavlov’s early interest in, 12, 17, 64, 76–77, 85, 246–247
Russian psychologists and, 240–242, 246
as subject of conditional reflex research, 1–2, 250–251, 518
See also conditional reflex, higher nervous activity, psychology, systematicity
Psychiatry
and origins of conditional reflex research, 243–244
nervous and psychiatric clinics, 631–632, 640–641
nervous clinic for dogs, Petrova’s, 633–640
Pavlov’s early interest in, 45–46, 103, 109–110, 401–402, 630
Pavlov’s general approach to, 630–633, 639–640
Pavlov’s initial studies of, 403, 525–526, 532
Pavlov’s self-diagnosis as cycloid, 648–649
and Pavlov’s theory of second-signal system, 644–646
See also experimental neurosis
psychic secretion. See under digestive system
psychology
associationist, 34, 240–242, 247, 250–251, 666–669
behaviorist, 289, 295–7, 316, 450, 458, 569–70
Bekhterev’s view of, 320–321, 323–4
and dialectical materialism, 489, 599–600
Gestalt, 651, 659–60, 655–7, 659–660, 664–666
international congresses of 566, 568, 651, 653, 655–6, 709
Pavlov’s youthful interest in, 77, 85
at Riazan Theological Seminary, 27–30
See also higher nervous activity, psyche, and see also under Pavlov (on
behaviorism)
Psychology as a science (Pavlov), 666–669
Pushkin, A. S.,
and St. Petersburg, 39–41, 284, 503
Rafael and Roza, 728
arrival at Koltushi, 490, 602–603
differing personalities of, 621, 658
Pavlov’s curiosity about, 605, 616, 656
See also Denisov, primates, The Intellect of Anthropoid Apes, systematicity,
and See under conditional reflex (relationship to association)
Rait-Kovaleva (Chernomordik), R. Ia., 466, 480, 577
on personalia in Pavlov lab, 466–467, 485, 504
research on dogs and primates, 468, 489–490
Ramsay, William, 264, 318, 415
reflex, 34, 234, 518–519, 669–670. See also conditional reflex, unconditional
reflex
reflex of freedom, 371–372, 413–414, 479, 520
reflex of purpose, 277, 371–372, 428, 451
Repin, I. E., 138, 219, 273, 445, 448
and Pavlov’s circle, 4–46, 70, 136
Pavlov’s returns to, 46, 91–92, 136, 677, 706–708
Theological Seminary of, 11, 23–27, 37, 27–29
as Pavlov’s assistant, 536, 546, 591, 617, 723
political views of, 506, 592, 610
Roza. See Rafael and Roza
Rozental’, I. R., 433, 556, 570, 696, 723
as Pavlov’s assistant, 465–466, 546, 590–591
on Pavlov’s nervous type, 540
political views of, 591
research of, 401
Rozhanskii, N. A., 310–312, 497
Russia
during the 1860s, 21–23, 29–30, 36–37, 44
during the 1870s, 39–30, 72–74
during the 1880s and 1890s, 90, 126–129
during 1904–1913, 269, 271–276, 305
during 1914–1921
February-October 1917, 378, 380
civil war, 387–392, 396–397, 417
world war, 367–369, 383–386, 396–397
during 1922–1928, 421–422, 443–444, 464, 472–473, 480
during 1929–1936, 557, 575–576, 578–579, 672, 674, 680
“On the Russian Mind” (Pavlov), 405, 408–410
Russian Social Democratic Workers Party. See Communist Party of the Soviet Union
St. Petersburg (Petrograd, Leningrad), 39–41, 390–393, 503
Sadovnikova-Kol’tsova, Maria, 461, 638
Sadovskii, F. T., 617–618, 802n6
Salazkin, S. S., 276, 380, 544, 578, 590
Saltykov-Shchedrin, M. E., 29, 230, 711
Samoilov, A. E., 162, 166, 222, 368
Sanotskii, A. S., 155–156, 162, 170, 177, 179
Savich, V. V., 144, 222, 276, 358, 591
as Pavlov’s assistant, 144, 304, 309
Sechenov, I. M., 33, 51, 69, 96, 222
Communists on Pavlov and, 572, 580, 598, 677
and conditional reflexes, 240, 246, 288, 526
Pavlov’s invocations of, 288, 330, 515–517, 620, 696
Pavlov’s relationship to, 33, 36, 64, 68, 104
and Petersburg physiology, 62, 65, 96, 109, 140
Reflexes of the Brain of, 30, 33–34, 44, 287
Semashko, N. A., 427–429, 438, 464, 469, 543
Sereiskii, M. Ia., 647
Sharpey-Schafer, Edward, 426, 458
Shaternikov, M. N., 575
Shaw, George Bernard, 287, 567
Shenger-Krestovnikova, N. R., 500–501, 524
Shepoval’nikov, N. P., 229
Sherrington, Charles, 313, 346, 486, 518, 807n42
shestidesiatniki. See people of the 1869s
Shperk, E. F., 114–115, 117–119
Shtakel’berg, N. S., 576
Shumova-Simanovskaia, E. O.
as Pavlov family friend, 70, 98, 132, 135
Sillamiagi, 130, 285–286, 352–353, 384–385, 403, 445
Pavlov’s friends at, 217–220, 272
Pavlov’s summer activities at, 212–217
Simanovskii, N. P., 70, 135, 276
sleep,
as generalized inhibition, 306, 343, 402–403, 509, 522–523
as obstacle to experimentation, 306, 344, 477, 522
See also hypnosis, inhibition
Smiles, Samuel, 32–33, 36, 47, 126, 188
Smirnov, G. A., 152, 304, 357–360, 362
Snarskii, A. T., 240–242, 244, 246–247, 321
social exciter, 468, 534–535, 543
Society of Russian Physicians,
Pavlov’s profile at, 69, 205, 221, 269, 280–281
reports on conditional reflexes to, 314,325, 329, 531
reports on digestion to, 168, 175, 199
Society of Russian Physiologists, 373, 381, 575
Spencer, Herbert, 82, 450, 520
Speranskii, A. D.,
career, 504–50, 586–587, 696, 725
and Pavlov, 505, 541–543, 588, 723, 788n34
political relations of, 484, 556, 586–587, 591
Stalin, I. V., 706
and Pavlov, 675, 683–684, 695, 712–713, 717
and Pavlov’s coworkers, 484, 505, 608, 728
policies of, 557, 575, 648, 673–674, 693
rise to power of, 444, 557, 580
See also Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Russia
Starling, Ernest,
and Pavlov, 426, 435, 437, 514–515
and secretin, 229, 233–234, 245, 258–259, 262
Stiernstedt, Erik, 428
Stolypin, P. A., 274–277, 307, 358
as Pavlov’s collaborator, 70, 78
as Pavlov’s friend, 46, 68, 74–75, 81, 105
Struve, P. V., 272
Studentsov, N. P., 451–452, 456–458, 460–462, 543, 728
Sukhumi Primate Station, 493, 602, 604–605
systematicity. See under higher nervous activity
Tarkhanov, I. R.,
on Pavlov, 107, 111–112, 222, 235, 747n16
Pavlov’s relationship to, 65–67, 96–98, 751n8
temperament vs. character, 536, 623, 651. See also Garsik, Mampus; and see
under nervous types (inborn and acquired)
Ten-Kate, Jasper, 367, 369–370
Terskii, N. S., 46, 136, 218, 278, 400
Thomson, J. J., 282
Thorndike, Edward, 288, 518, 667–668
Tigerstedt, Robert, 98, 102, 225, 235, 264
as Pavlov’s advocate for Nobel Prize, 253–262, 762n63, 729
as Pavlov’s friend, 426, 434–435, 437
Tikhomirov, N. P., 247, 322, 325, 329
Timofeev, A. V.
influence on Pavlov’s research, 240, 242, 401–403, 631
Tolochinov, I. F., 242–249, 258, 321
Tolstoy, D. A., 37, 57, 108–109
Tolstoy, L. N., 129, 138, 214, 331, 355, 642, 645
Tonkov, V. N., 480
Towers of Silence, 465, 467–468
funding and construction of, 305–308
icon vs. reality of, 468
trace reflex, 292
Trapped: A weekly publication (Pavlov),75–77
Traugott, N. N., 577
Travelers (peredvizhniki), 89–90, 103, 137–138, 445–448, 621. See also Berggol’ts, Dubovskoi
Tret’iakov brothers, 127, 138, 219
Trotsky, L. D.
as Communist leader, 387, 397, 443–444, 557, 561
letter to Pavlov of, 500, 787n18
on Pavlov, 477
Pavlov on, 299
Tsion, I. F.
career, 44–45, 48, 52–53, 55–58
Pavlov’s loyalty to, 58, 66–68, 273
as Pavlov’s mentor, 46–52, 64–64, 99–100, 102, 257
personality of, 48
political views of, 48
speech on Heart and Brain of, 53–55
Tsitovich, I. S., 165, 167–168
Twenty Years of Experience in the Objective Study of Higher Nervous Activity
Ukhtomskii, A. A., 489, 606–607, 696, 700
Umnitsa, 494
as melancholy coward, 504, 523
as strong type, 626
unconditional reflex
definition of, 244–245, 248, 290, 737
as instinct, 520
subcortical origins of, 644, 662, 669
varieties of
orientational, 520, 533–534, 623, 736
passive-defensive, 508–509, 525–526, 532–534, 536, 623
reflex of freedom, 371–372, 413–414, 479, 520
reflex of purpose, 277, 371–372, 428, 451
sexual, 371
Union of October 17th. See Octobrists
ultraparadoxical phase, 297, 523, 607–608, 646. See also Mirta
United States,
and conditional reflexes research, 421, 570
Pavlov’s network in, 426, 436, 491, 591–592
Pavlov’s press image in, 458, 567–570
Pavlov’s trips to, 452–458, 566–568
See also Benedict, Cannon, Gantt, Yerkes
Ushakov, V. G., 274
Uspenskaia, Varvara Ivanovna. See Pavlova, Varvara Ivanovna
Uspenskii, I. I., 13
Ustimovich, K. N., 63–65, 67–68
Val’ter, A. A.,
and curve construction, 202–205
as effective translator, 174, 223
experiments on pancreas, of, 170, 191–193
later criticisms of, 230, 232–234, 258
as star coworker, 176, 191, 222
Vartanov, V. I., 373, 381, 391, 399
Vasil’ev, V. N., 171, 192, 230, 262
Vasnetsov, V. M., 219, 448, 485, 706
Velikii, V. N., 51, 62–63, 108–109, 120–121
Vernadskii, V. I., 380, 382, 560
Viazhlinskii, N. K., 134, 137, 550–551
Vicari, E. M., 460
Vinnitskii, A. V., 621, 709–710
Vinogradov, Iu. A., xvi, 729
Virchow, Rudolf, 69
Virshubskii, A. M., 228
Vivisection. See acute experiment
Vladimirov, A. A., 453, 464–465, 578
Volgin, V. P., 576, 610–611, 778n48
Volkovich, A. N., 176, 194–195, 271
Voronov, E.P., 565–566, 571, 794n3
Voronoff, Serge, 603
Voskoboinikova-Granstrem, E. E., 338–339
Voskresenskii, L. N., 369, 402–403, 490, 604–605
Vvedenskii, N. E., 322, 373, 607–608
and alcohol debate, 328, 332–333
as Pavlov’s competitor, 62, 109
Vyrzhikovskaia, G. O., 459, 620, 721
Vyrzhikovskii, S. N., 685
as Koltushi director, 543, 615–617, 620
research of, 534–535, 544, 623–624
Vyshnegradskii, I. A., 126–127
Wells, H. G., 555, 567, 621, 777n34
Witte, S. Iu., 113, 126, 274, 331
Woodworth, Robert, 664
Wundt, Wilhelm, 30, 37, 240, 319–320
Yerkes, Robert,
and English abstract of Pavlov’s research, 315–316, 765 766n16
and Pavlov’s primate research, 454, 480, 604, 656
relationship to Pavlov, 455, 463, 510, 660, 808n15
Zalmanzon, A., 491
Zavadskii, I. V., 311, 330–331
Zelenyi, G. P., 297
confrontation with Pavlov of, 469–470
as Pavlov’s assistant, 304, 309, 469
and second-order conditional reflexes, 532, 667
Zernov, Dmitrii, 272–273, 276, 378, 400
Zhuchka, 170, 176, 191–193, 202, 287
Zhukovskii, N. E., 434
Zinoviev, G. E.
as Communist leader, 443–444, 557, 561, 673–674, 726
and Pavlov, 420–421, 423, 477, 559
Zolotistyi, 626
Zwaardemaker, Hendrik, 307