* According to the European Union, 40,800 deaths a year in the United Kingdom are caused or hastened by air pollution, most of which comes from vehicles.³² It gives an estimate for the total cost of air pollution per person per year in the UK of between I1,341 and I2,497,³³ which would mean a total cost to the UK of I81–151 billion (the population in July 2006 was 60.6 million³⁴). But, as I explained in Chapter 3, I am very suspicious of these life-costings.

† Storkey notes that ‘coaches had a zero level for fatalities per billion passenger kilometres throughout the decade 88–97 and a level of serious injuries at one third the level of cars.’