PRIMARY SOURCES
Archives
A. H., Major, DAAG. “Prison Ship Athen—Confidential.” Main Headquarters, 21st Army Group, June 1945. File Gp/3796/2/A(PS4). Imperial War Museum, London.
Akos, Francis. Papers. U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum. Permanent collection, 1 folder, accession no. 1990.174, 1944–1951. collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn513251.
“Cap Arcona: List of Passengers of the Turbine and Express Steamer.” July 4, 1935, voyage. Hamburg-Süd, Germany.
“Cap Arcona: Roundtrip to Rio de Janeiro.” Cruise information, July 4, 1935, voyage. Hamburg-Süd, Germany.
Cap Arcona Museum of the Municipality Neustadt in Holstein at Kremper Strabe 32, 23730. Neustadt in Holstein. www.stadt-neustadt.de/freizeit_kultur/museum_cap_carcona/.
Captain’s logs from the Cap Arcona. Each voyage of the ship was recorded. For example, “Last Voyage of Commodore Rolin (46th Trip of the Ship), September 1, 1933–October 6, 1933” and “First Voyage of Captain Niejahr (47th Trip of the Ship), October 20, 1933–November 24, 1933.” Documents were accessed through the Office of Corporate Communication, Hamburg-Süd, Hamburg, Germany.
Francuz, Henryk, and Dorota Francuz. Collection. U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum. Accession no. 2006.387.1, 1939–1945.
Laskovs, Jelis. Death certificate. Reich Registry Office. Cap Arcona, April 27, 1945. File KL 38 L43 500 000.
Meier, Christian Heinrich. “Concerning the Drowning of the Neuengamme Camp Inmates Who Were on the Deck of the Cap Arcona.” Simon Wiesenthal Collection, Center for Jewish Documentation at Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, Israel. See record group M.9; file no. 511.
“Operations Records Books of Squadrons.” Public Records Office, Royal Air Force. AIR25/698, “83 Group Operations Record Book, 4/43–2/46” and 83 Group Operation Order 72, May 3, 1945; AIR27/1169, “197 Squadron Operations Record Book, 10/40–12/46”; AIR27/1170, “198 Squadron Operations Record Book, 12/42–9/45”; AIR27/1548, “263 Squadron Operations.”
“Record Book, 10/40–12/46.” British National Archives. www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/combat-reports-ww2.htm.
“Second World War Combat Reports/Air Ministry Combat Reports.” Public Records Office, Royal Air Force. AIR15/474, “Survey of Damaged Shipping in North Germany, 1944–1945”; AIR25/707, “83 Group Intelligence Summary, 3/45–5/45.” British National Archives. www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/combat-reports-ww2.htm.
Sheen, Colonel H. G. “Athen Prison Ship—Confidential.” Report of the Forward Headquarters, Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force, June 2, 1945. File GBI/01/CS/000.5–2. Imperial War Museum, London.
“Summary of Events.” Report on Investigations: WO 309/501. Col. H. G. Green report, June 2, 1945.
“Summary of Events.” Report on Investigations: WO 309/850. In Operations Record Book, Second Tactical Air Force, Royal Air Force, May 1–3, 1945. www.raf.mod.uk./history/.
Thousands of Concentration Camp Inmates Met Their Death at Lübeck Bay. Internationaler Suchdienst Arolsen (German archive of materials from the Cap Arcona disaster and Neuengamme concentration camp). www.its-arolsen.org/en/research_and_education/historical_background/anniversaries.
Till, Major Noel O. “Summary of Events.” War Crimes Witnesses: WO 309/1592 and No. 2 War Crimes Investigation Team, British Army of the Rhine. In Operations Record Book, Second Tactical Air Force, Royal Air Force, September 1945. www.raf.mod.uk./history/.
Tobis Filmkunst GmbH. “Press Book No. 5.” 1942.
“Two Lists of Former Neuengamme Inmates Killed in Bombing of Ships Cap Arcona and Thielbek in the Bay of Lübeck.” Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center and Database, U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2001. www.ushmm.org.
“World War I Ended with Treaty of Versailles.” America’s Story Project, Library of Congress, Washington, DC. www.americaslibrary.gov.
Oral History Interviews
Akos, Francis. Interviewed June 18, 1990, by Linda G. Kuzmack. Accession no. 1990.412.1, RG-50.030*0006. U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection. collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn504524.
———. USC Shoah Foundation (sfi.usc.edu/). www.youtube.com/watch?v=yyueceq8kss&list=uum9gtcr9vsm-tsaol9ut5w.
Attenborough, John. Interviewed September 26, 1984, in London. Catalog no. 8303, Imperial War Museum, London. www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80008101.
Bawnik, Henry. Interviewed in New York. Code 21244 (segment 24). USC Shoah Foundation. vhaonline.usc.edu.
Blumenfeld, Henry. Interviewed in New York. Code 14520 (segment 150). USC Shoah Foundation. vhaonline.usc.edu.
Cymerint, Harry. Interviewed in Michigan. Code 9972 (segment 41). USC Shoah Foundation. vhaonline.usc.edu.
De Strauss, Margot Aberle. Interviewed in Capital Federal, Argentina. Code 36029 (segment 43). USC Shoah Foundation. vhaonline.usc.edu.
Gelb, Jack. Interviewed April 25, 1996, by Sandra Bendayanwith. Collection no. 1999.A.0122, RG-50.477*0685. Bay Area Holocaust Oral History Project, Tauber Holocaust Library of the Jewish Family and Children’s Service, San Francisco.
Hirth, Lucien. “My Cross to Bear.” Interviewed in Reims, France, February 26, 2005, by the Lycee Clemenceau School. cndp.fr.
Ince, David Henry Gason. Interviewed November 20, 1984, in London. Catalog no. 8651. Imperial War Museum, London. www.iwm.org.uk/collections/items/object/80008447.
Jacobs, Benjamin. “Nizkor Project: A Memoir.” 1997. Chapter 15, “The Death March”; Chapter 16, “Dora-Mittelbau”; Chapter 17, “Disaster on the Baltic Sea”; Chapter 18, “Inferno”; and Chapter 19, “Where Do We Go?” www.nizkor.org/features/dentist/.
MacAuslan, John. Interviewed June 18, 1984, in London. Catalog no. 8225. Imperial War Museum, London. www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80008025.
McQuillin, Terence Charles. Interviewed June 28, 1995, in London. Catalog no. 15540. Imperial War Museum, London. www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80015074.
Pivnik, Samuel. Interviewed August 15, 1985, in London. Catalog no. 8952. Imperial War Museum, London. www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80008744.
SECONDARY SOURCES
Note: Books in German were translated by Kierst Lehman, Selina Keipert, and Stefan Wolf. Articles written in German were translated online through “on-the-fly” machine translation.
Abbott, Kate. “The Titanic Discovery.” Time, September 1, 2010. content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2015271,00.html.
Armitage, Michael. The Royal Air Force. London: Cassell, 1993.
Arnoldsson, Hans. Natt Och Dimma (in Swedish). Stockholm: Bonnier, 1945.
Berben, Paul. Dachau, 1933–1945: The Official History. London: Norfolk Press, 1975.
Bernadotte, Folke. The Curtain Falls: Last Days of the Third Reich. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1945.
Bessel, Richard. Germany After the First World War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
Beyer, Friedemann. Der Fall Selpin. Germany: Verlag/Collection Rolf Heyne, 2011.
Boorstin, Daniel J. Hidden History: Exploring Our Past. New York: Vantage Books, 1989.
Breitman, Richard. Himmler and the Final Solution: The Architect of Genocide. London: Pimlico, 2004.
Bungay, Stephen. The Most Dangerous Enemy: The Definitive History of the Battle of Britain. London: Aurum Press, 2010.
Campion, G. The Good Fight: The Battle of Britain Propaganda and the Few. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
“Cap Arcona.” Stern 10–15 (March 3–7, 1983), a six-part series that interviewed the RAF pilots.
“The Cap Arcona, the Thielbek and the Athen.” www1.uni-hamburg.de/rz3a035//arcona.html.
“Cap Arcona: When 7K Jews Died in Friendly Fire.” J Space. www.jspace.com/news/articles/the-cap-arcona-when-7k-jews-died-in-friendly-fire/13881.
The Cap Arcona Case Documentary. Directed by Günter Klaucke and Karl Hermann. Produced by Cinetick (coproduced by Norddeutscher Rundfunk). cap-arcona.com.
“Cap Arcona Ocean Liner, 1927–1945.” www.wrecksite.ed/wreck.aspx?30712.
Clostermann, Pierre. The Big Show. 1951 (in French). Reprint, London: Cassell Military Paperbacks, 2004.
Dawson, Jonathan. “The Film Minister: Goebbels and the Cinema in the Third Reich.” Senses of Cinema, no. 21 (2002). sensesofcinema.com/2002/book-reviews/Goebbels.
Delarue, Jacques. The Gestapo: A History of Horror. Translated by Mervyn Savill. New York: Skyhorse, 2008.
Devine, Michael J., Robert P. Watson, and Robert J. Wolz, eds. Israel and the Legacy of Harry S. Truman. Kirksville, MO: Truman State University Press, 2008.
Dobson, Christopher, John Miller, and Thomas Payne. The Cruelest Night: Germany’s Dunkirk and the Sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff. Boston: Little, Brown, 1979.
Domarus, Max. Hitler: Speeches and Proclamations. Vol. 2. Wauconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci, 1992.
Der Fall Cap Arcona. Directed by Karl Hermann and Günther Klaucke. Germany: Cinetick, Norddeutscher Rundfunk (CNR), 1995.
Feig, Konnilyn. Hitler’s Death Camps. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1979.
Fieberg, Malte. Titanic (1943): Nazi Germany’s Version of the Disaster. Norderstedt, Germany: Books on Demand GmbH, 2012.
Gerhardt, Uta, and Thomas Karlauf. The Night of Broken Glass: Eyewitness Accounts of Kristallnacht. Cambridge: Polity, 2012.
Gilbert, Martin. The Day the War Ended, May 8, 1945: Victory in Europe. New York: Henry Holt, 1995.
———. The Holocaust: A History of the Jews in Europe During World War II. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1986.
Gill, Anton. A Journey Back from Hell: Conversations with Concentration Camp Survivors. London: Endeavor Press, 2014.
“Greatest Maritime Disasters.” International Registry of Sunken Ships. www.shipwreckregistry.com/index6.htm.
Gutman, Israel, ed. Encyclopedia of the Holocaust. New York: Macmillan Library Reference, 1990.
Hartmann, Christian. Operation Barbarossa: Nazi Germany’s War in the East, 1941–1945. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
Hastings, Max. Bomber Command: The Myths and Realities of the Strategic Bombing Offensive, 1939–1945. New York: Dial Press, 1979.
“Hawker Typhoon and Tempest History.” www.military.cz/british/air/war/fighter/tempest/history.htm.
History Undercover: The Typhoons’ Last Storm. Directed by Lawrence Bond. New York: History Channel & A&E Television Network, 2000.
Horbach, Michael. Out of the Night. Translated from German by N. Watkins. London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1968.
Huchthausen, Peter A. Shadow Voyage: The Extraordinary Wartime Escape of the Legendary SS Bremen. New York: Turner, 2008. E-book.
Hull, David Stuart. Film and the Third Reich: A Study of the German Cinema, 1933–1945. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969.
In Which We Serve. Directed by Noel Coward and David Lean. England: British Lion Films, 1942.
Ironlight: History’s Greatest Naval Disasters (blog). ironlight.wordpress.com/2010/02/11/sinking-ships/.
Irving, David. Goring: A Biography. New York: Macmillan, 1989.
Jackson, Robert. Dunkirk: The British Evacuation, 1940. London: Cassell Military Paperbacks, 2001.
Jacobs, Benjamin. The Dentist of Auschwitz. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1995.
Jacobs, Benjamin, and Eugene Pool. The 100-Year Secret: Britain’s Hidden World War II Massacre. Guilford, CT: Lyons Press, 2004.
“Joseph Goebbels.” Jewish Virtual Library. www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/goebbels.html.
Kalafus, Jim. “The Cap Arcona: Gallery of a Lovely—Doomed Liner.” Encyclopedia Titanica. www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/the-cap-arcona.html.
Kater, Michael H. Hitler Youth. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
Kelly, C. Brian. Best Little Stories from World War II: More than 100 True Stories. Naperville, IL: Cumberland House, 2010.
Kershaw, Ian. Hitler, 1936–1945: Nemesis. New York: W. W. Norton, 2000.
Kolberg. Directed by Veit Harlan and Wolfgang Liebeneiner. Germany: Universum Film AG, 1945.
Koldau, Linda Maria. The Titanic on Film: Myth versus Truth. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2012.
Kreimeier, Klaus. Die UFA-Story. Munich: Carl Hanser, 1992.
Krockow, Christian Graf von. Hour of the Women: A Young Mother’s Fight to Survive at the Close of World War II. New York: HarperCollins, 1991.
Lambert, Angela. The Lost Life of Eva Braun. London: Century, 2006.
Lange, Wilhelm. Cap Arcona: Dokumentation. Stadt Neustadt in Holstein, Germany: Struve’s, 1988.
Larsson, Bjorn. “The Cap Arcona Maritime Tragedy.” www.b-29s-over-korea.com/cap-arcona-maritime-tragedy/.
Ljungström, Henrik. “Cap Arcona.” www.thegreatoceanliners.com/caparcona2.html.
Lochner, Louis P., ed. The Goebbels Diaries, 1942–1943. New York: Doubleday, 1948.
Longerich, Peter. Heinrich Himmler: A Life. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.
Lord, Walter. The Miracle of Dunkirk. Hertfordshire, England: Wordsworth, 1998.
MacDonald, Charles B. The Siegfried Line Campaign. Washington, DC: U.S. Army Center of Military History, 1963.
MacLean, French L. The Camp Men. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History, 1999.
Manvell, Roger, and Heinrich Fraenkel. Dr. Goebbels: His Life and Death. New York: Skyhorse, 2010.
Martelli, George. Agent Extraordinary: The Story of Michel Hollard, DSO, Croix de Guerre. London: Collins, 1969.
Maurischat, Fritz. “Selpin und Titanic.” Filmkundliche Mitteilungen des Deutsches Instituts für Filmkunde, nos. 2–3 (1970): 228.
Mills-Roberts, Derek. Clash by Night: A Commando Chronicle. London: W. Kimber, 1956.
Moeller, Felix. The Film Minister: Goebbels and the Cinema in the Third Reich. Fellbach, Germany: Axel Menges, 2001.
Morales, Rafael Marino. “The Cap Arcona: The Glamour, the Holocaust.” Temas Generales (October 2011).
Morris, Jack. Operation Hannibal. N.p.: Amazon Digital Services, 2013. E-book.
Mosley, Leonard. The Reich Marshal: A Biography of Hermann Goering. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1974.
Nazi Titanic. Directed by Oscar Chan. New York: History Channel, 2012.
Nesbit, Roy. “Cap Arcona: Atrocity or Accident?” Aeroplane Monthly (June 1984).
———. “The Cap Arcona Disaster.” Aeroplane Monthly (June 1984).
———. Coastal Command in Action, 1939–1945. Phoenix Mill, Gloucestershire: Budding Books, 2000.
———. Failed to Return: Mysteries of the Air, 1939–1945. London: Patrick Stephens, 1988.
“Neuengamme.” Jewish Virtual Library. www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/holocaust/neuengamme.html.
“Neuengamme Victims from the Bombing of the Cap Arcona and the Thielbek.” Jewish Gen. www.jewishgen.org/databases/holocaust/0116_neuengamme.html.
A Night to Remember. Directed by Roy Ward Baker. London: Rank Organisation, 1958.
O’Donnel, James P. The Bunker. New York: Da Capo Press, 1978.
Othfors, Daniel, and Henrik Ljongström. “Ship Histories.” www.thegreatoceanliners.com.
Padfield, Peter. Dönitz, the Last Führer: Portrait of a Nazi War Leader. New York: Harper & Row, 1984.
———. Himmler: Reichsführer-SS. New York: Henry Holt, 1990.
Peck, Robert E. “The Banning of Titanic: A Study of British Post-war Film Censorship in Germany.” Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television 20 (2000): 427–453.
———. “Misinformation, Missing Information, and Conjecture: Titanic and the Historiography of Third Reich Cinema.” Media History 6 (2000): 59–73.
Persico, Joseph F. Roosevelt’s Secret War: FDR and World War II Espionage. New York: Random House, 2001.
Pipes, Jason. “The Sinking of the Cap Arcona.” Feldgrau. www.feldgrau.com/articles.php?id=79.
Pivnik, Sam. Survivor: Auschwitz, the Death March and My Fight for Freedom. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 2012.
Prainsack, Hemma Marlene. “How the Titanic Sank: Anti-British Propaganda in the National Socialist Movie.” PhD diss., University of Vienna, 2013.
Prince, Cathryn. Death in the Baltic: The World War II Sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff. Hampshire, England: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
“The Prince of Peace! Count Folke Bernadotte of Wisborg.” The Esoteric Curiosa (blog). thesotericcuriosa.globspot.com/2010/10/prince-of-peace-count-folke-bernadotte.html.
Ries, John. “The Little-Known Stories of the Wilhelm Gustloff, the General Steuben and the Goya.” Institute for Historical Review. ironlight.wordpress.com/2010/02/11/sinking-ships/.
Schön, Heinze. Die Cap Arcona—Katastrophe: Eine Dokumentation Nach Augenzeugen—Berichten. Stuttgart, Germany: Motorbuch Verlag, 1989.
Schwarberg, Gunther. Angriffsziel Cap Arcona. Göttingen, Germany: Steidl Verlag, 1998.
———. The Murders at Bullenhuser Damm: The SS Doctor and the Children. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984.
Shapiro, Shelley, ed. Truth Prevails: Demolishing Holocaust Denial; The End of the Leuchter Report. New York: Beate Klarsfeld Foundation, 1990.
Sheer Luck: A Holocaust Survival Story. Produced by Justin Weinrich. Visual Center—Online Film Database of Yad Vashem, 2010. Item ID: 10006066.
Shirer, William L. Berlin Diary: The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent, 1934–1941. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002.
Stafford, David. Endgame, 1945: The Missing Final Chapter of World War II. New York: Little, Brown, 2007.
Stubbe-da Luz, Helmut. “Karl Kauffman.” In Hamburg Lexikon, edited by Franklin Koplitzsch and Daniel Tilgner. 3rd ed. Hamburg: Ellert & Richter, 2005.
Taucher unter Toten. Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive (RG-60.4671; film ID: 2851; event date: 1946; segment at 2:27:52). U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum. www.ushmm.org/online/film/search/result.php?filmvideo_startdoc=1&filmvideo.
Thomas, Chris. Typhoon and Tempest Aces of World War 2. Botley, Oxford: Osprey, 1999.
Thomson, David. The New Biographical Dictionary of Film. 5th ed. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2010.
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Tomasulo, Frank P. “The Mass Psychology of Fascist Cinema: Leni Riefenstahl’s Triumph of the Will.” In Documenting the Documentary: Close Readings of Documentary Film and Video, edited by Barry Keith and Jeannette Sloniowski. 2nd ed. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2013.
Trevor-Roper, Hugh, ed. The Diaries of Joseph Goebbels: Final Entries, 1945. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1978.
———. The Last Days of Hitler. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.
Vaughn, Hal. Doctor to the Resistance: The Heroic True Story of an American Surgeon and His Family in Occupied Paris. Sterling, VA: Potomac Books, formerly Brassey’s, 2004.
Wagner, Jirka. “Hawker Typhoon and Tempest History.” British WWII Fighters. www.military.cz/british/air/war/fighter/tempest/history.htm.
Walker, Alastair. Four Thousand Lives Lost: The Inquiries of Lord Mersey into the Sinking of the Titanic, the Empress of Ireland, the Falaba and the Lusitania. Stroud, Gloucestershire: History Press, 2012.
Weber, Mark. “The 1945 Sinkings of the Cap Arcona and the Thielbek.” Institute for Historical Review 19, no. 4 (2000). www.ihr.org/jhr/v19/v19n4p-2_weber.html.
———. “Bergen-Belsen: The Suppressed Story.” Journal of Historical Review (May–June 1995).
Went the Day Well? Directed by Alberto Cavalcanti. England: Ealing Studios, 1942.
Westermann, Edward B. Hitler’s Police Battalions: Enforcing Racial War in the East. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2005.
Wistrich, Robert S. “Joseph Goebbels.” In Who’s Who in Nazi Germany. New York: Routledge, 1997.
Wolfer, Joachim. Cap Arcona: Biographie eines Schiffes; Geschichte einer Reederei. Hamburg: Koehler, 1977.
Wulf, Joseph. Film and Theater in Dritten Reich. Franfurt: Ullstein, 1966.
Zentner, C., and F. Bedürftig, eds. The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich. New York: Da Capo Press, 1997.