Notes on Sources

2. Seizures, Sanctity & Psychiatry

p. 19    ‘a spiritual disease …’ Hugh Crone, Paracelsus: The Man Who Defied Medicine (Melbourne: The Albarello Press, 2004), p. 88.

p. 20    ‘first recorded instance …’ R. M. Mowbray, ‘Historical Aspects of Electroconvulsive Therapy’, Scottish Medical Journal 4 (1959), 373–8.

p. 20    ‘he claimed a …’ Gabor Gazdag, Istvan Bitter, Gabor S. Ungvari and Brigitta Baran, ‘Convulsive therapy turns 75’, BJP 194 (2009), 387–8.

p. 21    ‘there was a feeling …’ See Katherine Angel, ‘Defining Psychiatry – Aubrey Lewis’s 1938 Report and the Rockefeller Foundation’, in Katherine Angel, Edgar Jones and Michael Neve (eds.), European Psychiatry on the Eve of War: Aubrey Lewis, the Maudsley Hospital and the Rockfeller Foundation in the 1930s (London: Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at University College London, Medical History Supplement 22), pp. 39–56.

p. 22    ‘It’s author, Ewen …’ The programme was not a success. See E. Cameron, J. G. Lohrenz and K. A. Handcock, ‘The Depatterning Treatment of Schizophrenia’, Comprehensive Psychiatry 3(2) (April 1962), 65–76.

p. 23    ‘funding from the CIA …’ Anne Collins, In the Sleep Room: The Story of CIA Brainwashing Experiments in Canada (Toronto: Key Porter Books, [1988] 1998) pp. 39, 42–3, 133.

p. 25    ‘loss of memories …’ I. Janis, ‘Psychologic Effects of Electric-convulsive Treatments’, Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases 3(6) (1950), 469–89.

p. 28    ‘Lucy Tallon, a …’ Lucy Tallon, ‘What is having ECT like?’, Guardian G2, 14 May 2012.

p. 28    ‘quoting Carrie Fisher …’ Carrie Fisher, Shockaholic (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011).

p. 28    ‘all physicians, yourselves …’ Sigmund Freud, 1904, published in Collected Papers Vol. 1 (London: Hogarth Press, 1953).

3. Eye: A Renaissance of Vision

p. 32    ‘As when a man …’ Empedocles, ‘On Nature’, Fragment 43, in The Fragments of Empedocles, translated by William Ellery Leonard (Chicago: Open Court Publishing Company, 1908).

p. 36    ‘Ophtalmologists struggle to …’ J. García-Guerrero, J. Valdez-García and J. L. González-Treviño, ‘La Oftalmología en la Obra Poética de Jorge Luis Borges’, Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 84 (2009), 411–14.

p. 36    ‘scharlach, scarlet, ecarlata …’ Jorge Luis Borges, ‘Blindness’, in Seven Nights (New York: New Directions, 1984).

p. 40    ‘a book on …’ John Berger and Selçuk Demirel, Cataract (London: Notting Hill Editions, 2011).

p. 40    ‘The image of …’ John Berger, ‘Who is an Artist?’, in Permanent Red: Essays in Seeing (London: Methuen, 1960), p. 20.

p. 40    ‘Shelf of a field …’ John Berger, ‘Field’, in About Looking (London: Writers and Readers Cooperative, 1980) p. 192.

4. Face: Beautiful Palsy

p. 46    ‘the joint of …’ ‘La giuntura delli ossi obbediscie al nervo, e’l nervo al muscolo, e’l muscolo alla corda, e la corda al senso comune, e’l senso comune è sedia dell’anima’, Leonardo W. 19010r, quoted after Richter Literary Works §838.

p. 47    ‘And you, man …’ From folio 2, recto, of the anatomical drawings in the Royal Collection.

p. 50    ‘One of the leaves …’ Martin Clayton and Ron Philo, Leonardo da Vinci: The Mechanics of Man (London: Royal Collection Trust, 2013).

p. 53    ‘when forty winters …’ Sonnet 2.

p. 53    ‘creased like a …’ Iain Sinclair, Landor’s Tower (London: Granta, 2002), p. 120.

p. 54    ‘who taught the boy …’ Charles Bell, Letters of Sir Charles Bell: selected from his correspondence with his brother, George Joseph Bell (London: John Murray, 1870).

p. 54    ‘a new system …’ Charles Bell, A System of Dissections (Edinburgh: Mundell & Son, 1798). Vesalius’ masterpiece was De humani corporis fabrica (Of the fabric of the human body) (1543).

p. 55    ‘the sketches he …’ M. K. H. Crumplin and P. Starling, A Surgical Artist at War: the Paintings and Sketches of Sir Charles Bell 1809–1815 (Edinburgh: Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, 2005).

p. 56    ‘later published as …’ Charles Bell, Essays on the anatomy of the expression in painting (London: John Murray, 1806). Later published as Essays on the anatomy and philosophy of expression as connected with the fine arts (1844).

p. 57     ‘Bell may with …’ Charles Darwin, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (London: John Murray, 1872).

p. 57    ‘your painting will prove …’ Author’s translation from Leonardo da Vinci’s Trattato della pittura, loosely adapted from the English translation of 1721 by John Senex.

p. 59    ‘borne by psychologists …’ James D. Laird, ‘Self-attribution of emotion: The effects of expressive behavior on the quality of emotional experience’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 29(4) (April 1974), 475–86.

5. Inner Ear: Voodoo & Vertigo

p. 66    ‘published in a journal …’ J. M. Epley, ‘The canalith repositioning procedure: for treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo’, Otolaryngol – Head and Neck Surgery 107(3) (September 1992), 399–404.

7. Heart: On Seagull Murmurs, Ebb & Flow

p. 90    ‘General anaesthesia …’ Robin Robertson, ‘The Halving’, in Hill of Doors (London: Picador, 2013).

8. Breast: Two Views on Healing

p. 96    ‘the healing that …’ Brigid Collins, October 2014, personal communication.

p. 96    ‘the exhibition …’ The exhibition Frissure took place at the Scottish Poetry Library, November 2013. A book of images and text is published by Polygon (Edinburgh: 2013).

9. Shoulder: Arms & Armour

p. 106  ‘Hector jumped down …’ quote from The Iliad adapted by the author from Samuel Butler’s 1898 translation.

p. 107  ‘there are some medically …’ E. Apostolakis et al., ‘The reported thoracic injuries in Homer’s Iliad’, Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery 5 (2010), 114. See also A. R. Thompson, ‘Homer as a surgical anatomist’, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 45 (1952), 765–7.

p. 110  ‘A historian of …’ P. B. Adamson, ‘A Comparison of Ancient and Modern Weapons in the Effectiveness of Producing Battle Casualties’, Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 123 (1977) 93–103.

10. Wrist & Hand: Punched, Cut & Crucified

p. 120  ‘Teenagers admit to …’ Edward Hagen, Peter Watson and Paul Hammerstein, ‘Gestures of despair and hope: A view on deliberate self-harm from economics and evolutionary biology’, 2008, philpapers.org.

p. 121  ‘As the blood flows …’ J. Harris, ‘Self-harm: Cutting the bad out of me’, Qualitative Health Research 10 (2000), 164–73.

p. 121  ‘a strategy of withdrawal …’ F. X. Hezel, ‘Cultural patterns in Truckese suicide’, Ethnology 23 (1984), 193–206.

p. 122  ‘communication of emotional …’ A. Ivanoff, M. Brown and M. Linehan, ‘Dialectical behavior therapy for impulsive self-injurious behaviors’, in D. Simeon & E. Hollander (eds.), Self-injurious behaviors: Assessment and treatment (Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press, 2001).

p. 127  ‘Barbet found that …’ Pierre Barbet, Les Cinq Plaies du Christ, (Paris: Procure du carmel de l’action de grâces, 1937).

p. 127   ‘the professor of anatomy …’ Nicu Haas, ‘Anthropological Observations on the Skeletal Remains from Giv’at ha-Mivtar’, Israel Exploration Journal 20 (1970), 38–59.

p. 128  ‘came to different …’ Joseph Zias and Eliezer Sekeles, ‘The Crucified Man from Giv’at ha-Mivtar: A Reappraisal’, Israel Exploration Journal 35(1) (1985), 22–7.

p. 128  ‘I’ve read them …’ C. J. Simpson, ‘The stigmata: pathology or miracle?’, British Medical Journal 289 (1984), 1,746–8.

11. Kidney: The Ultimate Gift

p. 133   ‘De Zerbis was …’ Richard Eimas (ed.), Heirs of Hippocrates (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1990): entry no. 137, GABRIELE DE ZERBIS (1445–1505), Gerentocomia [1489].

12. Liver: A Fairy-Tale Ending

p. 150  ‘if he were opened …’ Speech by Sir Toby Belch, Twelfth Night, Act III, Scene 2.

p. 150  ‘For the king of Babylon …’ Ezekiel 21:21.

p. 153  ‘sweet, biddable girls …’ Marina Warner, ‘How fairy tales grew up’, Guardian Review (13 December 2014).

13. Large Bowel & Rectum: A Magnificent Work of Art

p. 161  ‘According to the psychology …’ Paul J. Silvia, ‘Looking past pleasure: Anger, confusion, disgust, pride, surprise, and other unusual aesthetic emotions’, Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts 3(1) (February 2009), 48–51.

14. Genitalia: Of Making Babies

p. 167  ‘would have no desire …’ Mrs Jane Sharp, The Midwives Book (1671) is referenced in Thomas Laqueur, ‘Orgasm, Generation, and the Politics of Reproductive Biology’, in The Making of the Modern Body: Sexuality and Society in the Nineteenth Century, edited by Catherine Gallagher and Thomas Laquer (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992). I owe a great deal to Professor Laqueur’s paper for many of the ideas explored in this chapter.

p. 167  ‘Of the commingling …’ Marquis de Sade, La philosophie dans le boudoir (1795).

p. 167   ‘so that she can …’ Rachel Maines, The Technology of Orgasm: ‘Hysteria,’ the Vibrator, and Women’s Sexual Satisfaction (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999).

p. 172  ‘the area around the …’ Giovanni Luca Gravina et al., ‘Measurement of the Thickness of the Urethrovaginal Space in Women with or without Vaginal Orgasm’, The Journal of Sexual Medicine 5(3) (March 2008), 610–18.

p. 172  ‘Like Ernst Grafenberg …’ Ernst Gräfenberg, ‘The Role of the Urethra in Female Orgasm’, International Journal of Sexology 3(3) (February 1950), 145–8.

p. 173  ‘so the poetic …’ Arthur Aikin (ed.), The Annual Review and History of Literature for 1805, Volume IV (London, 1806).

p. 174  ‘Women’s psychology is …’ Carl Jung, ‘Women in Europe’, in Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Volume 10: Civilization in Transition, edited and translated by Gerhard Adler and R. F. C. Hull (Princeton University Press, 1970), p. 123.

p. 176  ‘do not fulfil …’ Avicenna’s Canon 3:20:1:44.

p. 177  ‘the man is quicke …’ John Sadler, The Sicke Woman’s Private Looking Glass (London, 1636), p. 108.

p. 177  ‘a paper appeared …’ The Lancet, 28 January 1843, p. 644.

p. 177  ‘Marie Stopes bestselling …’ Marie Stopes, Married Love (London: A. C. Fifield, 1919).

16. Afterbirth: Eat It, Burn It, Bury it under a Tree

p. 190  ‘One might recall …’ Herodotus, Histories 3:38, in Aubrey de Selincourt’s Penguin Classics Translation (Harmondsworth, 1954).

p. 191  ‘From Morocco to Moravia …’ E. Croft Long, ‘The Placenta in Lore and Legend’, Bulletin of the Medical Library Association 51(2) (1963), 233–41.

p. 192  ‘I was born with …’ Charles Dickens, David Copperfield (London: Bradbury & Evans, 1850).

p. 192  ‘with earth piled …’ James Frazer, The Golden Bough, third edition (Cambridge University Press, 2012), p. 194.

p. 192  ‘The Russians traditionally …’ Barbara Evans Clements, Barbara Alpern Engel and Christine Worobec (eds.), Russia’s Women: Accommodation, Resistance, Transformation (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1991), p. 53.

p. 194  ‘read an essay …’ Seamus Heaney, ‘Mossbawn’, in Finders Keepers: Selected prose 1971–2001 (London: Faber & Faber, 2003).

17. Hip: Jacob & the Angel

p. 199  ‘He had studied …’ Italo Svevo, La Coscienza di Zeno (Milan: Einaudi, 1976), p. 109 (author’s translation).

p. 202  ‘If someone over the …’ J. A. Grisso et al., ‘Risk Factors for falls as a cause of hip fracture in women’, The New England Journal of Medicine (9 May 1991), 1,326–31.

p. 202  ‘Around 40 percent …’ Figures from Atul Gawande, Being Mortal: Medicine and What Matters in the End (London: Profile, 2014).

p. 202  ‘Between five and eight …’ P. Haentjens et al., ‘Meta-analysis: Excess Mortality After Hip Fracture Among Older Women and Men’, Annals of Internal Medicine 152 (2010), 380–90.

p. 203  ‘His name Yaakov …’ My reading of Jacob’s story has been informed by Geoffrey H. Hartman, ‘The Struggle for the Text’, from Geoffrey H. Hartman and Sanford Budick (eds), Midrash and Literature (London: Yale University Press, 1986), pp. 3–18.

p. 203  ‘Some commentators have …’ Roland Barthes, ‘The Struggle with the Angel’, in Image, Music, Text, translated by Stephen Heath (Glasgow: Fontana Press, 1977). See also the theories of Vladimir Propp on the universal problems of folk tales.

18. Feet & Toes: Footsteps in the Basement

p. 219  ‘A halo of wonder …’ Virginia Woolf, ‘The Elizabethan Lumber Room’, in The Common Reader (London: The Hogarth Press, 1925).